ES2367449T3 - VENTILATION INSERT. - Google Patents

Abstract

Ventilation insert for the ventilation of textiles, shoes and soles of shoes, gloves, protective helmets and their visors, goggles, insulation mats, padded mats, knee pads and shin guards, envelopes and similar items, characterized in that - a layer is provided support (1) of open pores with an open pore coating (1.1, 10) that is constituted, at least partially, by a material (3) that experiences, by at least one liquid, moisture or an electric voltage a swelling effect or of contraction or a deformation such or - a material (3) of this type that is attached to the support layer (1) and / or the coating (1.1, 10) such that by the effect of swelling or contraction or deformation takes place a release or a closure of the ventilation openings (5, 12) in the support layer (1) and / or the coating (1.1, 10).

Description

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The invention relates to a ventilation insert for the ventilation of textiles, shoes and soles of shoes, gloves, protective helmets and their visors, goggles, hats, insulation mats, padded mats, knee pads, shin guards and similar items.

To date, substantially known vents are used for the items mentioned above. Microfibers, open pore materials or ventilation openings.

Open pores or openings now offer as before the most effective possibility of air exchange and the associated elimination of water vapor and heat. The openings or perforations of the material, for example in jackets, have, in the case of some solutions, possibilities of closing such as zipper closures or adhesive closures, which after closing or opening them manually prevent the entry of water or allow proper ventilation . In addition, there is the possibility of the use of fiber layers, with which openings are covered in a durable manner and thus the entry of water is prevented.

The shoes, often in the sector of the upper part of the shoe, have openings that are partially in contact with structures, for example lamellae, which should allow an outside air inlet or an escape of water vapor. These shoes have openings in the soles. To reduce in this case an entry of water and foreign bodies, these openings are covered, for example, with a special membrane or a layer of fiber.

The special membranes or the layers of fiber with which the ventilation openings of the water inlet and foreign bodies must be protected, greatly prevent air circulation and, thus, a transport to the outside of the air or steam of water absorbed In the case of the use of special membranes, these are products manufactured in the laboratory that, for the most part, have no really noticeable results. Additionally, materials of this type have the disadvantage that they are only permeable on the one hand, that is, if water vapor must be expelled, it is not possible due to the nature of the material, that is, the orientation of the capillaries they introduce. outside air

Tests are already known according to which textile surface fibers are coated with an elastomer (called superabsorbent) or impregnated with it, so that in contact with water they swell and by an increase in volume due to the liquid they cover the intermediate space which is between the fibers and, thus, prevents the entry of water. The use of superabsorbents on textile surfaces is confirmed in the form as disadvantageous, since the corresponding textiles are soaked in their entire surface with water, which results in a considerable increase in weight. There is also the disadvantage that the superabsorbents cannot be bound to the textile fibers in a lasting manner, that they do not form a durable coating and that the corresponding textiles, after absorbing moisture, frequently have a jelly-like consistency that causes an unpleasant sensation.

The most effective possibility, now as before, of ventilation is in the use of open-pore materials or openings. Different openings in textiles and shoes offer the possibility that they can be protected manually from the entrance of water by means of covering elements. The corresponding covering elements are fixed to their position, for example, by means of zipper closures or adhesive closures or are inseparable components of textiles or shoes and their position is modified by means of a rotation or displacement movement.

These mentioned solutions of ventilation openings have, however, the disadvantage in the way that they can introduce water, since they only allow insufficient ventilation or must be manually protected from the ingress of liquids.

From DE 20 2004 307 a ventilation insert for the ventilation of shoes is known.

In the construction industry, superabsorbents are also used to cover leaks, among others in the case of abyssal water cables and roof coverings. In this regard, it is only a coating against the introduction of liquids and not the protection of ventilation openings.

The fiber layers, which by absorbing moisture prevent the entry of water, have the disadvantage that due to their relatively high density and thickness they are only permeable to the air to a very small extent, they can additionally pass the water inside through middle of its capillaries (moisture bridge). Therefore, they need a lot of time until they dry again, being possible the appearance of molds and bacteria.

To prevent the entry of water and dirt, a compromise between ease of use and functionality must now be reached.

The invention is now based on the objective of producing a ventilation insert with ventilation openings that close in case of humidity or low temperatures by themselves and thus prevent the entry of water or cold air, and that dry quickly and open again in case of dryness or rising temperatures and achieve adequate ventilation. In this regard, ventilation inserts of this type must be able to be produced in a structurally simple, economical manner and with health-free materials.

The objective is achieved according to the invention by means of a ventilation insert for the ventilation of textiles, shoes and soles of shoes, gloves, protective helmets and their visors, goggles, insulation mats, padded mats, knee and shin pads, hats and articles similar, characterized in that an open pore support layer is provided with an open pore coating that is constituted, at least partially, by a material that experiences, by at least one liquid, moisture or an electrical tension a swelling or contraction effect or a deformation, or such a material that is attached to the support layer and / or the coating, such that by means of the swelling or contraction or deformation effect a release or closure of the ventilation openings takes place in the support layer and / or the coating. Other embodiments are subject to the dependent claims or are described below.

The swellable material can be a granulate or pieces of a flat material or a molded material in the form of threads. It may be a liquid absorbent, preferably a liquid absorbent in the form of cross-linked poly (sodium acrylate) granules, a copolymer of poly (acrylic acid), a protein or casein. A thermoplastic elastomer composite material capable of swelling with moisture can be obtained, for example, under the designation Q-TE-C (Fraunhofer Institut). As materials that modify its shape by heat or electrical tension, shape memory alloys or thermoplastic elastomer composite materials can be used.

The support layer can be, for example, a non-woven material that is used as a swellable material. The support layer may be composed of the following materials or mixtures thereof: Polymeric compounds, thermoplastic elastomer composite materials, materials of animal origin, for example bones, horns, fibers, materials of plant origin, for example coconut shells, wood , herbs, fibers. Hydrocarbon composites, for example coal, metal, mineral composites, ceramics, magnetic materials, glass, rubber, resins, leather, cardboard and / or protein composites. The materials themselves are processed by injection molding or, for example, joined with plastics.

The coating may also be a nonwoven material or a plastic or metal lattice.

To reinforce the effect of opening or closing, the arrangement may be designed in the form of several of them one over the other.

The coating can simultaneously serve as an evaporation or moisture ingress surface.

The invention takes advantage, for example, of a reversible swelling behavior caused by the moisture of liquid absorbents such as, for example, cross-linked poly (sodium acrylate), protein materials

or casein, to automatically close or open ventilation openings, being able to automatically reverse the course of movement. The swelling or contraction behavior of the absorbent materials is used to cause a simple mechanical movement and, thus, a valve effect.

As materials with swelling capacity, polymers with reversible phase transformation capacity are also considered. The intermediate space within these materials, which may be present as nonwoven or fiber material or applied as granules on said materials, is closed, at least partially, by the reaction of said alloys with memory, produced by moisture , heat or an electrical voltage. By means of a heat-sensitive polymer, for example, a self-regulating ventilation insert can be produced, which automatically closes the ventilation openings in case of low outside temperature or that opens them in case of high temperatures. There are plastics suitable for this, in particular plastics that have the aforementioned shape memory effect.

According to a first variant not in accordance with the invention, it is provided that the covering elements, which are joined at their ends with the support layer, for example by adhesion or by thermoplastic welding, such that by means of the swelling and contraction effect of a material with swelling capacity attached to the support layer or to the covering elements in the manner of a hinge can be folded and thus, according to the direction in which the movement is made, release or cover the ventilation openings of the coating or the surface of a layer of fiber permeable to air and steam.

In the hinge sector it is found, for example, that it is used as a granulate, for example, in a liquid permeable elastic wrap, a vapor and liquid absorber such as, for example, poly (sodium acrylate) or a material Thermoplastic elastomer compound, which may also be present as molded material. In the hinge sector there are ventilation openings or layers of vapor permeable fibers that allow the entry of liquid and a rapid removal of water vapor. If moisture penetrates through the envelope surrounding the liquid and vapor absorber that prevents a loss of the vapor absorber, the vapor absorber absorbs moisture. Due to the absorption of liquids and the associated swelling force (at least 50 g per m2 cm) the covering element rises or falls, according to the embodiment. If the vapor absorber is located above the hinge, in case of moisture absorption, the covering element is pressed down. On the contrary, if the vapor absorber is at the bottom of the coating element, the coating element rises in case of liquid absorption. Thus, according to the embodiment, a ventilation opening can be opened or closed by means of the swelling force. By evaporating the absorbed liquid, the volume of the vapor absorber is reduced again, the course of the movement is reversed by the restoring force of the covering element, the elastic envelope, the contraction of the absorbent and / or that of the hinge. Loss of the liquid and vapor absorber can also be prevented by means of fasteners.

In a frame of the support layer and / or of the covering, fasteners such as, for example, adhesive surfaces or zipper closure surfaces or seams, which allow the ventilation insert through the perforations of the material or the holes can be applied or inserted openings in the object to be ventilated are kept in the desired position. The preparation of the joining surfaces can be done with different thicknesses, depending on the area of application. The surfaces are preferably thin and extend outwardly together. Preferably, the bonding surfaces can be textured already during preparation by injection molding or subsequently by mechanical scraping, acid treatment, UV radiation or gas treatment, such as ozone. A correspondingly textured surface of the joint surface facilitates fixing to the object to be ventilated, when joining modes such as adhesive or welding bonding or the like are chosen. The frame can also be used to weld thermoplastically with the object to be ventilated.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the fact that the air and water permeability of two materials with open pores that are located one above the other (support layer and coating with ventilation openings or air and vapor permeable fiber layer is used) ) is interrupted if a material with swelling capacity is found between them, for example an absorbent granulate or a thermoplastic elastomer composite, which may also be present as a flat material, which in the dry state allows an exchange of air through of the layer structure. An increase in volume produced by liquid covers and waterproofs the intermediate spaces, which are between these two overlapping layers or that are designed as chambers. When drying, the volume of the steam absorber is reduced again and the air can circulate through the intermediate spaces. The two superimposed materials prevent a loss of the absorbent granulate or similar material and delimit the space that the material has available when swollen, which results in compression and, thus, waterproofing with respect to the air and associated water.

If necessary, a load material, for example cork or plastic granules or fibers, can be added to the swellable material. As fillers, for example: polymeric compounds, thermoplastic elastomer composite materials, carbon, animal fibers such as hair, down, leather, bones, horn, plant fibers such as cotton, cellulose, cardboard, linen, coconut shells can be used. , wood, fiber, herbs, mineral, metallic materials, also in other forms such as fiber form, mesh fabrics with carbon fibers, rubber or materials produced from them or mixtures thereof, powders or granules or materials with heat accumulating properties, for example microencapsulated waxes.

In the frame, fasteners, such as, for example, joining surfaces, adhesive surfaces or seams that allow the ventilation insert to maintain the desired position with respect to the perforations of the material or openings in the corresponding article, can be applied or added. In case of dryness, the air can therefore circulate through the ventilation insert. The bonding to the bonding surfaces can occur, for example, by magnetic bonding, fitting, splicing, with a fluid material at the time point of the processing, scrollable bonding, turning joint, adhesive bonding, folding joint, thermoplastic welding or seams .

If moisture enters the aeration insert, the liquid / vapor absorber absorbs it. Due to the absorption of liquid and the increase in volume associated with it, the intermediate space between the support layer and the coating is waterproofed against water. If the moisture inlet is interrupted, the previously absorbed liquid evaporates, the volume of the steam absorber is reduced and the air can circulate again through the ventilation insert.

The properties of the vapor absorber, for example on the basis of cross-linked poly (sodium acrylate) or a swellable plastic material, are almost unlimitedly reversible.

The vapor permeability of a vapor absorber can be controlled, for example, by a protective layer that may be constituted by a lacquer. This makes sense, particularly, when a vapor absorber with swelling capacity with flat liquids is present and the edges serve as fixation and should not swell together.

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail by means of the embodiments. The corresponding drawings show:

Figure 1: a cross section through a first variant not in accordance with the invention of an aeration insert in the dry and wet state,

Figure 2: a cross section through a second variant not in accordance with the invention of an aeration insert in the dry and wet state,

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Figure 3: A top view of a ventilation insert according to Figure 2,

Figure 4: a top and sectional view of a ventilation insert for textiles or shoes with scrollable coatings, in each case once in the dry and wet state,

Figure 5: a cross section through a third variant not in accordance with the invention of an aeration insert in the dry and wet state,

Figure 6: a cross section through a fourth variant not in accordance with the invention of an aeration insert in the dry and wet state,

Figure 7: a view of a large surface ventilation insert,

Figure 8: an example of arrangement for a ventilation insert,

Figure 9: a view of a ventilation insert with retention ribs arranged in a honeycomb and sectional views of the dry and wet state and

Figure 10: An example of a ventilation insert according to the invention in a shoe insole or sole.

Figure 11: another example of a ventilation insert representing parts,

Figure 12: the ventilation insert according to Figure 11 in side view,

Figure 13: the ventilation insert according to figure 11 in top view,

Figure 14: the ventilation insert according to figure 11, inserted into a protective helmet,

Figure 15: The ventilation insert according to Figure 11, inserted into a shoe,

Figure 16: another ventilation insert in non-activated state and

Figure 17: the ventilation insert according to figure 16 in the activated state.

Figure 1 schematically shows a ventilation insert with a support layer 1 that is later shown inwards in the article to be ventilated and which is provided with ventilation openings 5. On the support layer 1, fastened with fasteners 6, there are wrappers 4, in which the vapor absorber 3 is enclosed. Attached to the wrapper there are cover elements 2 and, in particular, so that they are folded in a hinge shape 9 when the steam absorber is expanded 3. On the edge of the support layer 1, fasteners 8 are applied, for example an adhesive surface. The covering elements 2 must be composed of water impermeable material permeable to steam.

In this first variant not according to the invention, the swelling capacity of the steam absorber 3 is also used by means of liquid absorption, in order to lower the covering element 2 downwards or lift it upwards and, thus, close the openings of ventilation 5 and, in the case of evaporation of the liquid absorbed previously, open them by means of the corresponding restoring forces.

Figure 2 shows a similar arrangement, only that the wrappers 4 are applied to the ends of the facing elements facing outwards. The valve effect is based in this case on the weight gain of the steam absorber 3, which can fold the covering elements 2 downwards or in case of evaporation of the liquid by means of an elastic reset position, lift them up again.

Figure 3 shows an arrangement in a view from above.

Figure 4 shows a variant that is intended for an insert in textiles or in the upper parts of shoes. In this regard, a coating 1.1 is found on a support layer 1, both having the same height respectively over the passage openings 12 and at least one of the two is applied so that it is movable and at least one side is in contact with the absorbent 3 and the envelope 4. Due to the swelling of the absorbent 3, the coating 1.1 can move, whereby the cutting surface of the passage openings 12 is simultaneously displaced.

Figure 5 shows covering elements 2 arranged in the form of strips, in which the wrappers 4 with the steam absorber 3 are located at the height of the hinge 3. In this regard, the covering elements 2 are used to transport liquid in the direction of the absorbent 3. The liquid can be in contact through the coating elements 2 with the steam absorber 3. For faster drying of the steam absorber 3 the coating elements 2 simultaneously serve as evaporation surfaces.

Figure 6 shows a variant not according to the invention, according to which the swelling capacity of the steam absorber 3 is directly used to close the ventilation openings 5 of the support layer 1.

The covering elements 2 are in this case connected with the envelopes 4 of the steam absorber 3 and prevent a wetting from the outside.

Figure 7 shows a large surface ventilation insert. To delimit an intermediate space between the support layer 1 and the coating 1.1, retention ribs 7 were added in this case.

In figure 8 the insertion of a ventilation insert in a jacket is shown in an example of arrangement.

According to the variant of Figure 9, the support layer and the coating 1.1 are attached with retention ribs 7 arranged in the form of a honeycomb, which may be constituted of the material of the support layer 1 by notching the material. The closure of the openings 5 of the support layer 1 and of the coating 1.1 is also carried out directly in this case by means of the swelling capacity of the absorbent 3. The coating 1.1 may, in this case, also be a layer of air-permeable fiber 10 and steamed.

Figure 10 shows a ventilation insert that is inside a shoe sole and protects against water ingress. In this example of use the coating 1.1, constituted for example by a flexible polymer such as TPR or nylon, forms with the support layer 1 a capsule having ventilation openings 5. Between the coverings 1.1 and the support layer 1 a intermediate space 11, in which a vapor absorber 3 is inserted.

Figures 11 to 13 show a ventilation insert with a support layer 1 having on both sides a coating 1.1 of nonwoven material, in which a vapor absorber 3 of thermoplastic elastomer composite material is applied on the bottom 1.1 with a loading material 13. As a loading material, cork or plastic granules are suitable, the use of intelligent polymers reacting with heat being also possible for the latter. To the outside is a protective lattice 14. The protective lattice 14 prevents damage to the coating 1.1. It can be prepared by injection molding techniques and be bonded through the coating 1.1 with the support material 1.

Figure 14 shows the ventilation insert in use in a protective helmet; Figure 15 in a shoe.

Figures 16 and 17 show another variant. In this case, the lattice support layer 1 itself is composed of the vapor absorber 3, in this case of thermoplastic elastomer composite material. Between the retaining ribs 7 that form the lattice, the ventilation openings 5 are formed. Through a coating 1.1 dirt entry is prevented. It serves simultaneously as evaporation surface. If moisture enters the retention ribs 7, they swell and the ventilation openings 5 are closed until they are impervious to water. On the surrounding edge surfaces remain for fixing 8 to the article to be ventilated. The swelling capacity of the fixing surfaces decreases or is completely interrupted by a protective layer 15 impermeable to water.

List of reference numbers

1. support layer

1.1

covering

2.

covering element

3.

steam absorber

Four.

envelope

5.

ventilation opening

6.

subjection

7.

retention ribs

8.

fixings

9.

hinge

10.

fiber layer

eleven.

intermediate space

12.

passage opening

13.

load

14.

protective lattice

15 layer of protection

Claims (20)

1. Ventilation insert for the ventilation of textiles, shoes and soles of shoes, gloves, protective helmets and their visors, goggles, insulation mats, padded mats, knee pads and shin guards, envelopes and similar items, characterized in that - a support layer (1) of open pores with an open pore coating (1.1, 10) is provided, which is constituted, at least partially, by a material (3) that experiences, by at least one liquid, moisture or tension electrical a swelling or contraction effect or a deformation such or -a material (3) of this type that is attached to the support layer (1) and / or the coating (1.1, 10) in such a way that through the effect of swelling or contraction or deformation a release or closure of the ventilation openings (5, 12) takes place in the support layer (1) and / or the coating (1.1, 10).

2.

Ventilation insert according to claim 1, characterized in that the material (3) is a granulate or a liquid absorbent in the form of granules.

3.

Ventilation insert according to claim 1, characterized in that the material (3) is a flat material in pieces.

Four.

Ventilation insert according to claim 1, characterized in that the material (3) is molded in the form of threads.

5.

Ventilation insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support layer (1) itself is constituted by the swelling capacity (3) and its ventilation openings (5) are sized such that in the swollen state of the Material (3) with swelling capacity are closed.

6.

Ventilation insert according to claim 5, characterized in that a surrounding surface for fixings

(8) of the support layer (1) is provided with a protective layer (15) waterproof.

7.

Ventilation insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the swellable material (3) is a crosslinked poly (sodium acrylate) vapor absorber or a poly (acrylic acid) copolymer.

8.

Ventilation insert according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the material (3) that modifies its shape is a shape memory alloy.

9.

Ventilation insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support layer (1) consists of a non-woven material.

10.

Ventilation insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its own construction consists of overlapping several times.

eleven.

Ventilation insert according to one of the preferred claims, characterized in that the material (3) with swelling capacity is inserted in the intermediate space (11) between the support layer (1) and a covering (1.1).

12.

Ventilation insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support layer (1) and the coating (1.1) are joined at their edges by adhesion or thermoplastic welding and / or by fluid materials at the time point of the processing such that They form a frame.

13.

Ventilation insert according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the support layer (1) and the coating (1.1) are separated from each other by retaining ribs (7).

14.

Ventilation insert according to claim 13, characterized in that the retaining ribs (7) have a honeycomb shape.

fifteen.

Ventilation insert according to claim 13, characterized in that the retaining ribs (7) have a trellis shape.

16.

Ventilation insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support layer (1) and the coating (1.1) are provided with congruent passage openings (12), the support layer (1) or the coating

(1.1) they are connected with the material (3) with swelling capacity and by means of the action of the material (3) with swelling capacity when swelling is movable until the closing of the passage openings (12).

17.

Ventilation insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that fasteners (8) such as adhesive surfaces or seams are applied or inserted into the frame.

18.

Ventilation insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating

(1.1) is covered with a protective lattice.

19.

Ventilation insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material (3) with swelling capacity is mixed with a load material (13).

twenty.

Use of a ventilation insert according to one of the preceding claims for the ventilation of textiles, shoes and soles of shoes, gloves, protective helmets and their visors, goggles, hats, insulation mats, padded mats, knee pads and shin guards.