ES2358490A1 - Improvements introduced in the patent of invention n. P-200602324 by: "underground housing". (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Improvements introduced in the patent of invention n. P-200602324 by: "underground housing". (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2358490A1
ES2358490A1 ES200800090A ES200800090A ES2358490A1 ES 2358490 A1 ES2358490 A1 ES 2358490A1 ES 200800090 A ES200800090 A ES 200800090A ES 200800090 A ES200800090 A ES 200800090A ES 2358490 A1 ES2358490 A1 ES 2358490A1
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Prior art keywords
modules
housing
underground
improvements introduced
concrete
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ES200800090A
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Spanish (es)
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ES2358490B1 (en
Inventor
Antonio Martinez Navarrete
Rafael Martinez Navarrete
Maximo Martinez Navarrete
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Albemarna SL
Biovivienda SL
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Albemarna SL
Biovivienda SL
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/02—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for rooms as a whole by which walls and floors are cast simultaneously, whole storeys, or whole buildings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
    • E04H9/10—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls
    • E04H9/12—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls entirely underneath the level of the ground, e.g. air-raid galleries

Abstract

Improvements introduced in the patent of invention nº p-200602324, for: underground housing. The underground housing consists of three-dimensional concrete modules or similar material, with openings for doors and/or windows (2), as well as steps for chimneys emerging through the corresponding layer of earth (4) that covers these modules to achieve an underground dwelling that simulates a natural cave, including also some lateral apses (5) that contribute to offer an optimum aesthetic aspect in the whole of the house itself (1). The improvements are characterized because the three-dimensional modules of concrete or other material, are made "in situ" from molds (13), the demoulding being carried out by the front part, by the rear part or by the upper part (12) of the housing (1), defining at least one bottom (9), at least two walls (10) parallel and perpendicular to said bottom (9), and at least one roof (11) covering said walls (10) and bottom (9). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Mejoras introducidas en la patente de invención nº P 200602324, por: "Vivienda subterránea".Improvements introduced in the invention patent nº P 200602324, for: "Underground housing".

Objeto de la invenciónObject of the invention

La presente invención, según se expresa en el enunciado de esta memoria descriptiva, se refiere a unas mejoras introducidas en el objeto de la Patente de Invención principal P-200692324, referente a una vivienda subterránea, mejoras que están previstas para conseguir un aislamiento término y acústico óptimo para vivienda y efecto natural de las cuevas tradicionales, y para permitir la recogida y reciclado de las aguas, ventilación, iluminación natural, etc.The present invention, as expressed in the set forth in this specification, refers to improvements introduced in the object of the main Invention Patent P-200692324, referring to underground housing, improvements that are planned to achieve term isolation and optimal acoustic for housing and natural effect of the caves traditional, and to allow the collection and recycling of water, ventilation, natural lighting, etc.

Antecedentes de la invenciónBackground of the invention

En la Patente de Invención P-200602324 se describe una vivienda subterránea que se constituye de forma modular y prefabricadamente, en base a un módulo tridimensional de hormigón, pudiendo formar la totalidad de la vivienda o una dependencia o parte de la misma, módulo que está formado por paneles de hormigón u otro material, convenientemente diseñados y calculados para soportar el peso de la tierra, debidamente fijados entre sí con medios de acoplamiento entre sus paneles laterales y/o entre los paneles y el cerramiento superior o techo, para permitir la unión colateral y/o superpuesta de dos o más módulos, al objeto de conseguir viviendas con una o más dependencias, o bien viviendas superpuestas, adosadas, etc., de manera tal que en todos los casos los módulos contarán con orificios en su cerramiento superior para chimeneas, respiraderos, etc., mientras que el panel frontal, cuando se trate de un solo módulo materializador de la vivienda, estará afectado de una abertura apropiada para puerta de acceso al interior, así como huecos para ventanas, mientras que cuando se trata de varios módulos constitutivos conjuntamente de una vivienda, tales módulos contarán con huecos para puertas, con objeto de permitir la comunicación entre módulos.In the Invention Patent P-200602324 describes an underground dwelling that it is constituted modularly and prefabricated, based on a three-dimensional concrete module, being able to form all of the dwelling or a dependency or part of it, module that is formed by concrete or other material panels, conveniently designed and calculated to support the weight of the earth, duly fixed together with coupling means between their side panels and / or between the panels and the upper enclosure or roof, to allow collateral and / or overlapping of two or more modules, in order to get homes with one or more dependencies, or overlapping, terraced houses, etc., of so that in all cases the modules will have holes in its upper enclosure for chimneys, vents, etc., while the front panel, when it is a single module housing materializer, will be affected by an opening suitable for interior access door, as well as gaps for windows while when it comes to several modules jointly constituting a dwelling, such modules will count with gaps for doors, in order to allow communication between modules

Además, en una 1ª Adición nº 200700772 a dicha Patente de Invención 200602324, se describen unas mejoras referentes a distintos medios de acoplamiento entre las paredes de los módulos constitutivos de las viviendas, así como la inclusión de unos ábsides laterales que favorecen el aspecto estético del conjunto de la vivienda.In addition, in a 1st Addendum No. 200700772 to said Invention Patent 200602324, some improvements are described concerning to different coupling means between the walls of the modules constitutive of housing, as well as the inclusion of some lateral apses that favor the aesthetic aspect of the set of the House.

En cualquier caso, ni en la Patente de Invención Principal ni en esa 1ª Adición a dicha patente, se ha tenido en cuenta el aislamiento térmico y acústico de la misma, factor éste de gran importancia para el confort en el interior durante cualquier época del año.In any case, not even in the Invention Patent Main nor in that 1st Addition to said patent, it has been held in it counts the thermal and acoustic insulation of the same, this factor of great importance for comfort inside during any time of the year.

Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention

Las mejoras de la invención han sido concebidas precisamente para conseguir, por un lado, que el aislamiento térmico y acústico y ventilación, iluminación natural, etc. de la vivienda se vea notablemente mejorado, y por otro lado para permitir la recogida de aguas exteriores.The improvements of the invention have been conceived precisely to achieve, on the one hand, that thermal insulation and acoustic and ventilation, natural lighting, etc. of housing look remarkably improved, and on the other hand to allow the outdoor water collection.

En cuanto al aislamiento térmico y acústico se ha previsto que la capa de tierra que cubre la vivienda tenga un espesor superior a 100 cm, preferentemente de 300 cm., siendo además constante y/o regular ese espesor, tanto en la zona central como en la zona correspondiente a los módulos constitutivos de los ábsides laterales.As for thermal and acoustic insulation, has provided that the layer of land that covers the house has a thickness greater than 100 cm, preferably 300 cm., being also constant and / or regulate that thickness, both in the central area and in the area corresponding to the constituent modules of the apses lateral.

Como consecuencia de que la tierra se apelmaza con el tiempo, es de destacar que para alcanzar el comentado espesor ideal, es necesario que el espesor de la capa de tierra sea inicialmente superior en 50 a 80 cm., sobre el dimensionado que se verá reducido por el apelmazamiento que se sufre la tierra con el paso del tiempo.As a result of the earth cakes Over time, it is noteworthy that to reach the commented ideal thickness, it is necessary that the thickness of the soil layer be initially superior in 50 to 80 cm., on the dimensioning that will be reduced by the caking that the earth suffers with the pass of the time.

Evidentemente, ese espesor de capa de tierra considerado como óptimo o ideal, evitará que los componentes que se utilizan en la construcción de la vivienda no sufran deterioro por oxidación, ya que se ha comprobado que por encima de los 100 cm. de espesor y en la capa, el oxígeno presente es prácticamente nulo.Evidently, that layer of earth thickness considered as optimal or ideal, it will prevent the components from being used in the construction of housing do not suffer deterioration by oxidation, since it has been proven that above 100 cm. from thickness and in the layer, the oxygen present is practically zero.

Por otro lado, el espesor de la capa de tierra, de acuerdo con las mejoras de la invención, permite la plantación incluso de árboles, lo que posibilita con efectividad un entorno natural más real que con otros tipos de vivienda subterráneas o no; permitiendo asimismo la evaporación a la atmósfera de las aguas de lluvia en toda su superficie.On the other hand, the thickness of the earth layer, According to the improvements of the invention, it allows planting even of trees, which effectively enables an environment natural more real than with other types of underground housing or not; also allowing evaporation to the atmosphere of the waters of rain throughout its surface.

Otra mejora de la invención, que colabora en el aislamiento que proporciona la propia capa de tierra de cubrición, es la inclusión opcional en ésta de medios de acondicionamiento térmico, basados en unos conductos que se disponen en una zona baja de la comentada capa de tierra por cuyo interior se hace circular un fluido caloportador acondicionado térmicamente mediante equipos auxiliares de frío/calor.Another improvement of the invention, which collaborates in the insulation provided by the covering layer itself, is the optional inclusion in this of conditioning means thermal, based on ducts that are arranged in a low zone of the commented layer of earth whose interior is circulated a heat-transfer fluid thermally conditioned by equipment cold / heat auxiliaries.

Por lo tanto, en base al espesor de la capa de tierra y a esos medios opcionales de acondicionamiento térmico, se logra sincronizar la transmisión de calor con las estaciones del año, consiguiendo en cualquier época un máximo confort interior.Therefore, based on the thickness of the layer of earth and to those optional means of thermal conditioning, it manages to synchronize the heat transmission with the stations of the year, achieving maximum interior comfort at any time.

Otra mejora que incorpora la vivienda de la invención es la posibilidad de recoger y utilizar las aguas de lluvia, implantando para ello unas canaletas de recogida de agua, siendo ésta canalizada hasta oportunos depósitos o cisternas de almacenamiento, para su posterior reutilización, bien como agua sanitaria, bien como agua de riego, etc., colaborando con ello en la sostenibilidad de la propia vivienda.Another improvement that incorporates the housing of the invention is the possibility of collecting and using the waters of rain, implementing water collection gutters for this, this being channeled to timely deposits or cisterns of storage, for later reuse, as well as water sanitary, as well as irrigation water, etc., collaborating with it in the sustainability of the home itself.

En cuanto a los módulos tridimensionales propiamente dichos, de acuerdo con otra mejora, se obtienen en un proceso de moldeo; es decir, se deposita el hormigón en un molde y posteriormente se desmoldea por el frontal, obteniéndose un módulo con una pared de fondo, dos paredes laterales y un techo, siendo la pared de fondo perpendicular a las paredes laterales.As for the three-dimensional modules proper, according to another improvement, are obtained in a molding process; that is, the concrete is deposited in a mold and later it is demoulded by the front, obtaining a module with a bottom wall, two side walls and a roof, being the back wall perpendicular to the side walls.

Aunque los módulos se obtendrán preferentemente de hormigón, como se ha dicho a lo largo de la presente descripción, no se descarta utilizar cualquier otro tipo de material apropiado.Although the modules will be obtained preferably of concrete, as stated throughout the present description, do not rule out using any other type of material appropriate.

Breve descripción de los dibujosBrief description of the drawings

Para complementar la descripción que seguidamente se va a realizar y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva, un juego de dibujos en base a los cuales se comprenderán más fácilmente las innovaciones y ventajas de la vivienda subterránea realizada de acuerdo con las mejoras de la invención.To complement the description that then it will be done and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, accompanies the present specification, a set of drawings based on the which innovations and advantages will be more easily understood of underground housing made in accordance with the improvements of the invention.

Figura 1.- Muestra una vista esquemática frontal de una vivienda subterránea con la mejora que supone el espesor de la capa de cubrición y los medios opcionales de acondicionamiento térmico y acústico, de acuerdo con la invención.Figure 1.- Shows a schematic front view of an underground house with the improvement of the thickness of the covering layer and the optional conditioning means thermal and acoustic, according to the invention.

Figura 2.- Muestra una vista esquemática frontal de la misma vivienda de la figura anterior, incorporando los medios de recogida de aguas, no habiéndose representado en este caso los medios de acondicionamiento térmico y acústico.Figure 2.- Shows a front schematic view. of the same house in the previous figure, incorporating the means of water collection, not having represented in this case the thermal and acoustic conditioning means.

Figura 3.- Muestra una vista en planta superior seccionada de varios módulos de hormigón obtenidos en otros tantos moldes, dejando ver en uno de ellos una porción de techo.Figure 3.- Shows a top plan view sectioned of several concrete modules obtained in as many molds, showing one of them a portion of the roof.

Realización preferente de la invenciónPreferred Embodiment of the Invention

Como se puede ver en las figuras referidas, la vivienda subterránea 1 tal y como se describe en la Patente de Invención P-200602324, está constituida por una serie de módulos acoplados convenientemente entre sí, con sus ventanas y puertas 2, las salidas para las chimeneas y similares no representadas, y un alerón superior y frontal 3 para evitar la caída de tierra por corrimientos.As you can see in the referred figures, the underground housing 1 as described in the Patent of Invention P-200602324, is constituted by a series of modules conveniently coupled to each other, with their windows and doors 2, the outputs for chimneys and the like not represented, and a top and front wing 3 to prevent the fall of earth by landslides.

Pues bien, según una de las mejoras de la invención, la capa de tierra 4 que cubre dicha vivienda modular 1, para establecer el soterramiento de ésta, tendrá un espesor superior a 100 cm, considerado como ideal un espesor de 300 cm. Esa capa de tierra 4 es uniforme, es decir, constante e incluso la que cubre módulos constitutivos de los ábsides laterales 5.Well, according to one of the improvements of the invention, the ground layer 4 covering said modular housing 1, to establish the burial of the latter, it will have a greater thickness at 100 cm, considered 300 cm thick as ideal. That layer of earth 4 is uniform, that is, constant and even the one that covers constituent modules of the lateral apses 5.

En la capa de tierra 4 va incrustado un sistema o medios de acondicionamiento térmicos, materializados por unos conductos 6 por los que circula un fluido caloportador que es suministrado por correspondientes equipos de frío/calor 7.In the earth layer 4 a system is embedded or thermal conditioning means, materialized by ducts 6 through which a heat transfer fluid circulates which is supplied by corresponding cold / heat equipment 7.

De esta manera y en base al espesor concreto de la capa de tierra 4 y a los medios opcionales de acondicionamiento térmico establecidos por los conductos 6 y equipos 7, se consigue un confort térmico en el interior de la vivienda 1 sea cual sea la época del año, además de evitar que los componentes utilizados en dicha vivienda se oxiden debido precisamente a la capa de tierra 4 que siempre será superior a los 100 cm., por encima de cuyo espesor el oxígeno es prácticamente nulo.In this way and based on the concrete thickness of the ground layer 4 and the optional conditioning means thermal established by conduits 6 and equipment 7, a thermal comfort inside the house 1 whatever the Time of the year, in addition to preventing the components used in said housing is oxidized due precisely to the layer of earth 4 which will always be greater than 100 cm., above whose thickness Oxygen is practically zero.

Por último, se ha previsto que la vivienda 1 se complemente con unas canaletas 8 de recogida de agua de lluvia, permitiendo el almacenamiento de éstas en depósitos apropiados y convenientemente acondicionados y poder utilizar esas aguas para los fines que se deseen o sean necesarios.Finally, it is planned that housing 1 be Complement with rainwater collection gutters 8, allowing the storage of these in appropriate deposits and conveniently conditioned and able to use those waters for purposes that are desired or necessary.

Finalmente y como se representa en la figura 3ª, los módulos tridimensionales en base a los cuales se realiza la vivienda subterránea, se realizarán "in situ", a partir de moldes 13, efectuándose el desmoldeo por la parte frontal 12 de la propia vivienda 1, definiendo al menos un fondo 9, al menos dos paredes laterales 10, paralelas entre sí y a su vez perpendicularmente al propio fondo 9, y al menos un techo 11 que cubrirá superiormente a las comentadas paredes 10 y fondo 9. El desmoldeo puede realizarse también por la parte trasera o por la parte superior.Finally, and as shown in Figure 3, the three-dimensional modules based on which the underground dwelling is made, will be carried out " in situ ", starting from molds 13, with the demolding on the front part 12 of the dwelling itself 1 , defining at least one bottom 9, at least two side walls 10, parallel to each other and at the same time perpendicular to the bottom 9 itself, and at least one roof 11 which will cover superiorly to the commented walls 10 and bottom 9. The demoulding can also be carried out. from the back or from the top.

Claims (3)

1. Mejoras introducidas en la patente de invención nº P-200602324, por: "Vivienda subterránea", en donde la vivienda (1) propiamente dicha está constituida por módulos tridimensionales y hormigón o material similar, con aberturas para puertas y/o ventanas (2), así como pasos para chimeneas emergentes a través de la correspondiente capa de tierra (4) que cubre a dichos módulos para conseguir una vivienda subterránea que simula una cueva natural, incluyendo además unos ábsides laterales (5) que contribuyen a ofrecer un óptimo aspecto estético en el conjunto de la propia vivienda (1); caracterizadas por que los módulos tridimensionales de hormigón u otro material, se realizan "in situ" a partir de moldes (13), efectuándose el desmoldeo por la parte frontal, por la parte trasera o por la parte superior (12) de la vivienda (1), definiendo al menos un fondo (9), al menos dos paredes (10) paralelas y perpendiculares a dicho fondo (9), y al menos un techo (11) cubriendo dichas paredes (10) y fondo (9), siendo esa capa de tierra (4) uniforme en su espesor, incluso en los módulos que constituyen los ábsides laterales (5).1. Improvements introduced in the invention patent No. P-200602324, for: "Underground housing", where the housing (1) itself is constituted by three-dimensional modules and concrete or similar material, with openings for doors and / or windows ( 2), as well as steps for emerging chimneys through the corresponding layer of land (4) that covers said modules to achieve an underground house that simulates a natural cave, including also some lateral apses (5) that contribute to offer an optimum aesthetic appearance in the whole house itself (1); characterized in that the three-dimensional modules of concrete or other material, are made " in situ " from molds (13), the demolding being carried out from the front, from the rear or from the top (12) of the house ( 1), defining at least one bottom (9), at least two walls (10) parallel and perpendicular to said bottom (9), and at least one roof (11) covering said walls (10) and bottom (9), being that layer of earth (4) uniform in its thickness, even in the modules that constitute the lateral apses (5). 2. Mejoras introducidas en la patente de invención nº P-200602324, por: "Vivienda subterránea", según la reivindicación 1, caracterizadas porque incluye unos canales (8) de recogida de aguas de lluvia para almacenamiento de ésta en depósitos, permitiendo su posterior reutilización.2. Improvements introduced in the invention patent No. P-200602324, for: "Underground housing" according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes rainwater collection channels (8) for storage in tanks, allowing its subsequent reuse 3. Mejoras introducidas en la patente de invención nº P-200602324, por: "Vivienda subterránea", según la reivindicación 1, caracterizadas por que en la capa de tierra (4) va insertado un sistema de acondicionamiento térmico materializado por unos conductos (6) de circulación de un fluido caloportador suministrado por equipos de calor/frío (7).3. Improvements introduced in the invention patent No. P-200602324, for: "Underground housing" according to claim 1, characterized in that a thermal conditioning system materialized by ducts (6) is inserted in the earth layer (4). ) of circulation of a heat transfer fluid supplied by heat / cold equipment (7).
ES200800090A 2008-01-15 2008-01-15 IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE PATENT OF INVENTION N. P-200602324 BY: "UNDERGROUND HOUSING". Active ES2358490B1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107905609A (en) * 2017-11-10 2018-04-13 广东泰坤建设工程有限公司 Underground people's air defense construction method

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4141184A (en) * 1977-08-09 1979-02-27 Vidal Henri C Terraced dwellings
US4297817A (en) * 1980-03-04 1981-11-03 Ralph Bullock Earthen-covered structure and panel used therein
ES8202937A1 (en) * 1981-03-02 1982-02-01 Pons Caules Jose Heating system for crops. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
US4336674A (en) * 1979-08-24 1982-06-29 Weber Raymond C Underground structure for residential and business use
FR2497854A1 (en) * 1979-12-17 1982-07-16 Trouillet Rene Dwelling using solar energy - has earth surround providing insulation and wind protection at rear and top
ES1036150U (en) * 1997-01-15 1997-07-16 Obras Reunidas S A O R S A Recoverable element for building remains or ashes columnarios for formwork. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
ES1038258U (en) * 1997-09-17 1998-06-16 Serret Marcarlo Esteban Formwork for the formation of niches. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
US20050257433A1 (en) * 2004-05-19 2005-11-24 Yves Dussault Rainwater collector

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4141184A (en) * 1977-08-09 1979-02-27 Vidal Henri C Terraced dwellings
US4336674A (en) * 1979-08-24 1982-06-29 Weber Raymond C Underground structure for residential and business use
FR2497854A1 (en) * 1979-12-17 1982-07-16 Trouillet Rene Dwelling using solar energy - has earth surround providing insulation and wind protection at rear and top
US4297817A (en) * 1980-03-04 1981-11-03 Ralph Bullock Earthen-covered structure and panel used therein
ES8202937A1 (en) * 1981-03-02 1982-02-01 Pons Caules Jose Heating system for crops. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
ES1036150U (en) * 1997-01-15 1997-07-16 Obras Reunidas S A O R S A Recoverable element for building remains or ashes columnarios for formwork. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
ES1038258U (en) * 1997-09-17 1998-06-16 Serret Marcarlo Esteban Formwork for the formation of niches. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
US20050257433A1 (en) * 2004-05-19 2005-11-24 Yves Dussault Rainwater collector

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107905609A (en) * 2017-11-10 2018-04-13 广东泰坤建设工程有限公司 Underground people's air defense construction method

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