ES2356765A1 - Process to obtain an adsorbent from a material for disposal and use of the adsorbent (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Process to obtain an adsorbent from a waste material and use of the adsorbent. Disclosed is a process for obtaining adsorbent from the avocado seed, its preparation and use in the elimination of contaminants present in waste water. The particles have irregular shape and variable size to fill columns of different diameter and length. The adsorbent has sufficient hardness to prevent the particles from collapsing. The material does not rot, it is regenerable and ecological. The preparation of the adsorbent, its pre-activation, carbonization and application for color removal in textile wastewater is described. Said elimination and reduction of the content of salts, total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (cod) and total organic carbon (toc), is carried out by passing the textile waste water through a column with the adsorbent. In batch system metals dissolved in water can be eliminated. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Process to obtain an adsorbent from a waste material and use of the adsorbent.

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a material adsorbent to be used in columns, used for wastewater purification, specifically, the present invention refers to a mass of uncarbonized and carbonized particles after its pre-activation, seed of avocado, which, when packed in a column or placed in a Batch system, are able to purify wastewater.

Description of the prior art

Wastewater contains in most of the organic and inorganic polluting cases that produce odor, flavor, color and foam. Many of the contaminants are resistant to degradation by biological methods and cannot be eliminated by conventional methods of treatment such as coagulation, sedimentation and filtration.

Adsorption is an efficient method for removal of organic and inorganic contaminants and adsorbent more usual is activated carbon. The process is commonly performed in a static system, adding coal to a tank that contains the wastewater, stirring for a certain time, allowing the solid and extracting the treated water. Activated carbon adsorbs efficiently 80% of the toxic substances recognized by the European Union (EUR-Lex-31976L0464) and one of its biggest applications, either in granular form or in dust, is the treatment of wastewater.

The raw material used for the preparation of Activated carbon is often wood, sawdust, coal and bone. Other natural precursors may be coconut shell (I. Ali, V.K. Gupta, Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science, 2nd Edition, Taylor & Francis, New York, (2006) 149), Fruit bones (G. Annadurai et al., J. Hazard. Mater. B92 (2002) 263, M.P. Elizalde-González, Trends Chem. Eng. 10 (2006) 55) and mud (A. Méndez et al., Chem. Eng. J., 108 (2005) 169). Many natural materials can be carbonized and final properties, such as the hardness of activated carbon depend heavily on the raw material. World demand It presents an upward trend due to the increase in legislation and development of emerging treatment plants (The Economics of Activated Carbon, 8th edition, 2008).

Carbonization and pyrolysis of materials natural are considered physical or thermal methods of activation, while for chemical activation they are commonly used substances, such as H 3 PO 4, NaOH and ZnCl 2. The chemical activation is generally a later step to the carbonization and preliminary treatment of the raw material with chemical substances can be considered as pre-activation

The seed of different varieties of avocado It is mainly composed of starch, protein, fiber, sugars (L.S. Weatherby et al., J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 23 (1931) 1421-3) and catalase and oxidase enzymes (L.S. Malowan, Enzymologia 5 (193 8) 89-94). Of her have isolated proanthocyanidins (T.A. Geissman et al., Phytochemistry 4 (1965) 359-68; D. Jaques et al., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 23 (1974) 2663-71), alcohols polyhydrics (N. Richtmyer, Carbohyd. Res. 12 (1970) 135-8), auxins (M. Nunez et al., Sciences, Series 3: Chemistry 18 (1974) 1-14) and phenolic compounds (D.L. Ichimaru et al., Coletaza Instituto Tec. Alim. 12 (1982) 67-83).

The oil extracted from some seeds of Avocado has unique components not present in the extracted oil of its pulp (M.J. Werman et al., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 73 (1996) 665-667; CD. Daulatabad et al., J. Oil Technol. Assoc. India 30 (1998) 71-2) and may be present in cosmetics (JP 2001151636 and patent application in Mexico No. PA / a / 2003/004831), and in therapeutic components (Patent British No. GB 1 14 804). As for its components therapeutic, its antioxidant properties have been studied (S.G. Lee and others, Han'guk Sikp'um Yongyang Kwahak Hoechi 37 (2008) 269-275; M. Hirasawa and others, Japan Shokuhin Kagaku Kaishi 55 (2008) 95-101), its antibiotic activity (H. Valeri et al., Rev. Med. Veter. Parasit. 12 (1953) 131-65), its haemagglutinating activity (Y. Yaakobovich et al., Arch. Toxicol. 6 (1983) 52-7) and its lysyl oxidase inhibitory activity (M.J. Werman et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 38 (1990) 2164-8; M.J. Werman and others, Conn. Tissue Res. 26 (1991) 1-10; G. Rosenblat et al., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 72 (1995) 225-9). This oil has also served to study hepatic metabolism in rats (M.J. Werman et al., Food Chem. Toxicol 27 (1989) 279-82; M.J. Werman and others, Food Chem. Toxicol. 29 (1991) 93-9).

Within the applications given to waste of avocado the preparation of coal is reported from the Avocado Peel (R. Devi et al., Biores. Technol. 99 (2008) 1853-1860), where under the optimal conditions of operation in static systems you get a 99% reduction, both the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the demand Biological wastewater oxygen from a processing plant coffee. Coal obtained from avocado bone by chemical activation with H 3 PO 4 at 800 ° C under nitrogen flow (M.P. Elizalde-González et al., J Anal. Appl. Pyr. 78 (2007) 185-93) was employed to study the adsorption (the percentage of elimination indicated in parentheses) of the following textile dyes in deionized water with concentrations 400 mg / l: basic violet 16 (99%), basic blue (99%), acid blue 74 (80%), acid green 25 (75%) and reactive black 5 (40%)

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Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to produce an organic adsorbent, regenerable and Ecological for use in columns for water treatment residual

Brief Description of the Invention

The present invention corresponds to the techniques of removal of organic and inorganic impurities from water residual.

At present, a procedure is disclosed for obtaining adsorbent from a natural material of waste, its preparation and its use to pack columns or load batch tanks used in the removal of contaminants present in wastewater Adsorbent particles are shaped irregular and a variable size to fill columns of different diameter and length The adsorbent is hard enough to prevent particles from collapsing. The material does not rot, it is Regenerable and ecological. In the present invention the preparation of the adsorbent, its pre-activation, carbonization and application for color removal and Contaminants in textile wastewater.

Wastewater color removal textile, as well as the decrease of the content of salts, of solids Suspended totals, contaminants, of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC), is done by passing textile wastewater by a glass column filled with the prepared adsorbent. Alternatively, the above can be done in a batch system.

The raw material for the production of the adsorbent, are irregularly shaped particles obtained from avocado seeds of the Persea americana Mill species, and more preferably of the Hass variety.

The fruit is usually cut transversely for the consumption of its pulp, and the seed, known as "bone" is separated from the pulp and shell, and allowed to dry room temperature. Said seed is cut, preferably with a scalpel it into several large parts and start to dry those parts. The parts are crushed, preferably with a mill of blades with a sieve. The crushed parts are collected and sieved to select the particle size of the fraction of greatest abundance.

For pre-activation, the particles collected after the sieve, are placed in a vessel and sodium hydroxide solution (2N NaOH) is added and The mixture is stirred. Water is added, the mixture is stirred again; the mixture is then allowed to stand. Subsequently, he opts mix. Then, wash with water while stirring and decanting Repeatedly mix.

The particles are filtered and transferred to a new container where chloride solution is added hydrogen (2N HCl) forming a new mixture. The new one is shaken mixture, water is added, the mixture is stirred again; the new mixture is then allowed to stand. The new one is decanted mixture. It is subsequently washed with water while stirring and decanting. repeatedly the new mixture. The particles of the new mixture are decant, filter and the particulate material extracted from said Filtration is dried at room temperature.

A mass of particle material pre-activated is introduced into an oven for carbonization.

Pre-activated particles charred from the avocado seed, they are packed in a column where wastewater is passed. The particles pre-activated carbonized are able to discolor wastewater, as well as eliminating organic compounds, inorganic, ionic, polymeric, salts and surfactants dissolved in said residual water.

Brief description of the figures

The particular characteristics and advantages of the invention, as well as other objects of the invention, will be apparent from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying figures, which:

Figure 1 is a graph showing the curve cumulative (\ blacksquare) and differential (\ medcirc) of particle size distribution of the material obtained after of grinding a batch of avocado bones.

Figure 2 is a spectrum showing the decrease in color of the sample "M1" of wastewater textile in two successive fractions in descending form by the column packed with the raw material.

Figure 3 is a photograph of a view Detailed carbonized material.

Figure 4 is a graph showing the decolorization kinetics at 275 nm and 560 nm of textile wastewater "M5" in static system.

Figure 5 is a graph showing the adsorption isotherm at 25 ° C of the colored compounds (560 nm) contained in the wastewater "M5" by coal in system static.

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Figure 6 is a photograph of a sample of textile wastewater "M5" before and after treatment with the carbonized pre-activated particles of present invention

Figure 7 is a photograph of the appearance of successive fractions eluted by the column with the particles carbonized pre-activated.

Detailed description of the invention

The raw material for the production of the adsorbent, are irregularly shaped particles obtained from avocado seeds of the Persea americana Mill species, and more preferably of the Hass variety. Specifically, the preferable matter for the production of adsorbent is the Hass avocado seed embryo, where the material for production has an approximate specific surface area of ~ 1 m 2 / g (measured by the BET method of nitrogen adsorption), a porosity of between about 43 to 56%, preferably between about 51 to 53% and has a density in an approximate range of between 0.3 7 to 0.4 g / cm 3 , and more preferably between 0.3 9 to 0.4 g / cm 3.

The raw material is suitable for preparation of activated carbon with a specific surface area between 100 to 600 m2 / g, and more preferably between 200 to 500 m 2 / g, and density between 0.2 to 0.3 g / cm 3, and more preferably between 0.240 to 0.280 g / cm3. The invention provides a solid adsorbent capable of bleaching and removing metals, organic, inorganic, ionic, polymeric compounds, salts and surfactants, dissolved in textile wastewater using the material obtained by the method described below, from waste material.

The seed of the fruit, known as "bone", separates from the pulp and the shell, is collected and Let dry at room temperature. The seed is cut, preferably with a scalpel in several large parts and again these large parts are dried. Be crush the large parts, preferably with a mill of blades with a sieve to generate particles. The particles and said particles are screened to select the size of particle of the fraction of greater abundance. It is preferred that the particle size is less than or equal to 2 mm, more preferably in a range of 0.3 to 1.5 mm, and even more preferred between 0.5 to 0.8 mm, as seen in figure 1.

Specifically, in said figure 1 the cumulative curve with square markers (\ blacksquare), as well as the differential curve with circular markers (\ medcirc), in where said markers show the size distribution of particle of the material obtained after grinding a batch of avocado seeds Specifically in this figure they are observed the preferential points of the particle size.

After the crushing step of the seed of avocado to generate particles, proceed to Pre-activate said particles.

For pre-activation, the particles collected after the sieve are placed in a vessel and sodium hydroxide solution (2N NaOH) is added and it shakes. The weight ratio between NaOH and particles is approximately 0.25 kg / l. The particles are rested in the NaOH solution Then water is added, it is stirred again and let the mixture stand. Subsequently, the mixture is decanted. Then, the waste is washed with water, stirring and decanting said waste repeatedly. The mixture is preferably decanted with water at least twice. Preferably, the weight ratio between water and particles for washing is approximately 0.25 kg / l.

The particles are filtered and transferred to a new container where chloride solution is added hydrogen (2N HCl) forming a new mixture, which will allow neutralize the pre-activation of the particles. The ratio between HCl and particles is approximately 0.25 kg / l The new mixture is stirred, water is added, it is stirred again; the new mixture is then allowed to stand. Be decant the new mixture. Subsequently, the waste of the new mixture are washed with water while stirring and decanting repeatedly waste of the new mixture. The mixture is preferably decanted with water at least twice. Preferably, the weight ratio between water and particles for washing is approximately 0.25 kg / l. The particles of the new mixture are decanted, filtered and the particulate material extracted from said filtration is allowed to dry at room temperature.

A mass of particle material pre-activated is introduced into an oven for carbonization. The oven can be, without being limited to, a type of ceramic-quartz concentric tube tubular furnace, with maximum operating temperatures of 1200ºC. The process of Carbonization is carried out at two different temperatures, from according to the thermal behavior of the raw material. In the first temperature is carried out a drying of the raw material pre-activated for an approximate time between 45 to 75 minutes, more preferably between 55 to 70 minutes, at a approximate temperature between 150 to 250 ° C, more preferably at a approximate temperature between 185 to 235ºC, raising the temperature from the environment at an approximate speed of between 6 to 12ºC / min, and more preferably between 8 to 11 ° C / min. In the second temperature it carries out the carbonization of the raw material pre-activated and dried, for an approximate time similar to that of the first temperature, at an approximate temperature between 600 to 1200 ° C, more preferably at an approximate temperature between 700 to 1100ºC, raising the ambient temperature to a approximate speed between 3 to 7ºC / min and more preferably between 4 to 6ºC / min.

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Pre-activated particles charred from the avocado seed, they are packed in a column where wastewater is passed. The particles pre-activated carbonized are capable of discolor wastewater, as well as, in view of its microporosity, adsorb and consequently eliminate organic compounds, inorganic, ionic, polymeric, salts and surfactants dissolved in said residual water.

The raw material, the particles pre-activated and activated carbon obtained from of the pre-activated raw material have the characteristics presented in Table 1.

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TABLE 1 Characteristics of the material as raw material, such as pre-activated raw material and as coal activated

one

The particles are irregularly shaped and a variable size to fill columns of different diameter and length. The adsorbent is hard enough to prevent The particles collapse.

Having described the process by which carbonized pre-activated particles and the pre-activated particles are made, proceed with The examples of use and comparison.

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Example 1

A column with a length of 240 mm, diameter 9 mm internal and 15 cm3 packing volume, filled with dry raw material without pre-activation, where the wastewater is administered in an ascending dynamic regime with residence time in the column of 60 minutes. Tests made with 4 samples (M2, M3, M4 and M5) of wastewater from one local textile industry, collected on different days at 7:00 p.m. hours of the same tank threw the following values of maximum discoloration at 560 nm as shown in Table 2.

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TABLE 2 Samples of wastewater before and after treatment with dry raw material in dynamic regime upward. Residence time 60 minutes

2

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Example 2

A column with a length of 300 mm, a internal diameter of 10 mm, and a packed volume of 24 cm3, is filled with wet raw material without pre-activation.  The tests performed with downward flow of the sample "M1" of wastewater from a local textile industry does not produced variation of pH and conductivity values, without However, 80% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) decreased and 90% of total organic carbon (TOC) such as shown in Table 3. In the visible region of the spectrum electromagnetic 64% fading (560 nm) and 47% of of decrease of the band at 33 0 nm as shown in Figure 2.

TABLE 3 Characteristics of the "M1" sample of water residual before and after treatment with wet raw material in descending dynamic regime. Residence time in the column 72 minutes

3

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Example 3

A column with a length of 240 mm, a internal diameter of 9 mm, and a packing volume of 15 cm3, it is filled with wet raw material without pre-activation, and it is made pass residual water through the column in an ascending dynamic regime with a residence time of said water in the column of 72 minutes The tests performed with the sample "M4" of water previously filtered residuals decreased 50% of the coloration to 560 nm

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Example 4

The raw material (6 g) with particle size 0.5 mm is packed as a suspension in methanol in a column of length 24 cm and internal diameter 0.9 cm. Then they pass with upstream 50 ml of M4 textile wastewater with a flow rate of 0.11 ml / min. In the fraction corresponding to 7 ml eluted, the band at 271 nm decreases 75%, the band at 351 nm 40% decreases and the band at 565 nm is reduced 60%.

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Example 5

If the sample M4 is previously filtered, in identical conditions of elution, in the fraction corresponding to 40 ml eluted, the decrease of the bands is 40% with respect to the filtered M4 sample.

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Example 6

Washing the column with 50 ml of distilled water, the column packed with raw material can be reused, producing in identical conditions of elution, the decrease of the bands in a 50% in the fraction corresponding to 7 ml eluted.

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Example 7

The raw material used for bleaching of several samples of wastewater was unpacked from a column. It was subsequently carbonized at 1000 ° C and used as an adsorbent with added value in a batch system containing 400 mg of coal with a specific surface area of 200 m2 / g and 20 ml of water that It contains 15 mg / l Nickel and 84 mg / l Zinc. Prepared coal by the described procedure eliminates 92% of Nickel and 99% of Zinc.

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Example 8

A column with length of 240 mm, a diameter internal of 9 mm, and packing volume of 13.3 cm3, is filled with pre-activated carbon prepared according to method described above. The tests performed with the sample of wastewater "M5" from a local textile industry retain the 50% of the salts contained in the wastewater sample, as demonstrates the decrease in conductivity of a value of 3400 µS up to 1700 µS.

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Example 9

A column with a length of 240 mm, a internal diameter of 9 mm, and a packing volume of 13.3 cm3, It is filled with pre-activated carbon prepared according to the method described above. The tests performed with the sample of wastewater "M5" of a textile industry Local showed that the column is saturated with 30 ml eluted. Be produced discoloration of yellow, red and blue, a decrease in COD and TOC and a slight increase in pH with an eluted volume of 10 ml. The results are shown in Table 4. The global red tone decreased as seen in Figure 7.

TABLE 4 Characteristics of wastewater before and after treatment with 3 grams activated carbon in dynamic regime ascending, flow rate: 3 ml / min

4

Example 10 Pre-activated raw material (wastewater in batch system without stirring)

The raw material particles obtained from avocado seeds of the Persea americana Mill species, and more preferably of the Hass variety are cut, sifted and pre-activated by the procedure described using first NaOH activator solution, followed by HCl activator solution. The weight ratio between NaOH and particles is approximately 0.25 kg / l. Pre-activation produces an adsorbent with 43% yield with respect to the mass of the raw material, which has a specific surface area of approximately
1 1 m 2 / g (measured by the BET nitrogen adsorption method) and a density of 0.506 g / cm 3. In a static batch system containing 1.4 grams of the carbon obtained, 25 ml of the textile wastewater sample "M3" is added at 25 ° C. The adsorbent prepared by the procedure described above, produces a 3-5% loss of the blue coloration at the wavelength of 560 nm and 34% of the green coloration at 400 nm after 3 days.

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Example 11 Pre-activated matter (residual water in system batch with stirring)

The same material from example 10 produces 54% of loss of blue coloration at the wavelength of 560 nm and 44% of the green coloration at 400 nm after 3 days.

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Example 12

In a static system that contains coal obtained by pre-activation of the raw material such As shown in Figure 3, the water sample is mixed textile waste "M5" at 25 ° C. The coal prepared by the procedure described above, produces a 60% loss of blue coloring after 3 days and does not reduce absorbance produced by aromatic compounds at 275 nm as seen in Figure 4.

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Example 13

Series of five (5) batch systems containing 14.0 mg of activated carbon prepared with pre-activation and 2 ml of the water sample textile waste "M5" at 25 ° C with different concentrations of colored compounds, obtained by dilution of the sample "M5". The coal prepared by the procedure described previously, it has a saturation capacity of 1.5 mg / g (with with respect to the initial TOC value of 1200 mg / l) with compounds colored with absorbance at 560 nm after 24 hours as see in Figure 5. The sample of textile wastewater "M5" It has the final appearance presented in Figure 6.

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Example 14

In a batch system containing 200 mg of pre-activated carbon prepared according to the method previously described, 20 ml of deionized water is poured It contains 1 mg / l of the basic methylene blue dye. Charcoal prepared by the described procedure, produces a 6% loss of blue coloring after 4 days while coal Commercial used for comparison, eliminates 22% of the color blue during the same period. The raw material used in the coal production is waste material and prepared carbon In this invention it has a reduced cost.

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Example 15

A batch system containing 200 mg of coal pre-activated prepared according to the method previously described, 20 ml of deionized water is poured Contains 1 mg / l of the acid dye Orange Acid 7. Coal prepared by the described procedure produces a 23% loss of Orange coloring after 4 days, while coal Commercial used for comparison eliminates 90% of the color Orange in the same period of time.

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Example 16

A batch system containing 200 mg of coal pre-activated prepared according to the method previously described, 20 ml of textile wastewater is poured "M3" presenting greenish yellow coloring (band a 370-400 nm) and violet (band a 560-575 nm). The coal prepared by the described procedure produces a 14% loss of color greenish yellow after 4 days and 35% loss of color Violet. In comparison, a commercial coal removes 16% of the greenish yellow coloration and 32% of the violet coloration in the Same period of time.

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Example 17

A batch system containing 200 mg of coal pre-activated prepared according to the method previously described, 2 0 ml of sugar mixture is poured It contains 10 g / l of molasses and 1.6 g / l of lactose. Charcoal prepared by the described procedure produces 20% of discoloration of the mixture, similar to that produced in conditions identical a commercial coal used for comparison.

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Example 18

A batch system containing 400 mg of coal pre-activated prepared according to the method previously described, 20 ml of water containing 35 mg / l Nickel and 55 mg / l Zinc. The coal prepared by the described procedure eliminates 20% Nickel and 50% Zinc. In identical conditions a commercial coal used for comparison He had no ability to remove these metal ions.

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Example 19 Pre-activated carbon (wastewater in system batch without stirring)

The raw material particles obtained from avocado seeds of the Persea americana Mill species, and more preferably of the Hass variety are cut, sifted and pre-activated by the procedure described using first NaOH activator solution, followed by HCl activator solution. The weight ratio between NaOH and particles is approximately 0.25 kg / l. Carbonization at 700 ° C produces an adsorbent with a 27% yield with respect to the mass of the raw material, which has a specific surface area of approximately 1 1 m 2 / g (measured by the BET nitrogen adsorption method ) and a density of 0.244 g / cm3. In a static batch system containing 1.4 grams of the carbon obtained, 25 ml of the textile wastewater sample "M3" is added at 25 ° C. The carbon prepared by the procedure described above, produces a 45-53% loss of the blue coloration at the wavelength of 560 nm and 54% of the green coloration at 400 nm after 3 days.

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Example 20 Pre-activated carbon (wastewater in system batch with stirring)

The same material as in Example 19 produces a 23-26% loss of blue color at wavelength of 560 nm and 31% of the green coloration at 400 nm after 3 days

It should be noted that there are ways alternatives to implement the present invention. In accordance with the above, the present modalities and examples are for considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the invention does not should be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope and equivalents of any claim (s) issued herein.

Claims (20)

1. Method for the preparation of an adsorbent pre-activated based on avocado seeds that understands: to. crush or cut said avocado seed until particles of a desired size are obtained; Y b. pre-activate said particles crushed or cut with the steps of

i.

add sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to said particles forming a primary mixture;

ii.

decant said primary mixture leaving primary waste;

iii.

add hydrogen chloride (HCl) to said primary residues forming a secondary mixture;

iv.

decant and filter said mixture secondary leaving secondary waste.

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2. Method according to claim 1, in where the avocado is of the Hass variety, and where the seed is The avocado seed embryo. 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, where prior to the step of crushing or cutting the seed, said seed is allowed to dry at room temperature, and where after the crushing or cutting of the seed, said seed is allowed to dry. 4. Method according to any of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the particle size of said crushed or cut seed is less than or equal to 2 mm. 5. Method according to claim 4, in where the particle size of said crushed or cut seed is between 0.3 and 1.5 mm. 6. Method according to claim 5, in where the particle size of said crushed seed is between 0.5 and 0.8 mm. 7. Method according to any of the claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises stir said primary mixture; resting said first primary mixture; add water to said primary mixture forming a primary mixture with water; stir said primary mixture with water; Y stand to said primary mixture with water.

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8. Method according to any of the claims 1 to 7, wherein the method comprises wash said primary waste with water; stir said primary waste with water; Y decant said primary waste repeatedly.

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9. Method according to claim 8, in where the step of washing, stirring and decanting said primary waste It is carried out at least twice. 10. Method according to any of the claims 1 to 9, wherein the method comprises stir said secondary mixture; add water to said secondary mixture; stir said secondary mixture with water; Y stand said secondary mixture with water.

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11. Method according to any of the claims 1 to 10, wherein the method comprises drying said secondary waste 12. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 11, wherein the method comprises: C. carbonize secondary waste in al at least one oven at at least two different temperatures, thus forming carbonized pre-activated particles.

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13. Method according to claim 12, in where at a first temperature the step of drying said secondary waste during a approximate time between 45 to 75 minutes, at a temperature Approximately 150 to 250ºC, raising the ambient temperature to an approximate speed between 6 to 12 ° C / min; Y where in a second temperature it takes out step carbonize said secondary waste during an approximate time between 45 to 75 minutes, at a temperature Approximately 600 to 1200 ° C, raising the ambient temperature at an approximate speed of between 3 to 7 ° C / min.

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14. Method according to claim 13, wherein at a first temperature the step of drying said secondary waste during a approximate time between 55 to 70 minutes, at a temperature approximate between 185 to 235ºC, raising the ambient temperature to an approximate speed between 8 to 11 ° C / min; Y where in a second temperature it takes out step carbonize said secondary waste during an approximate time between 55 to 70 minutes, at a temperature Approximately 700 to 1100 ° C, raising the ambient temperature at an approximate speed of between 4 to 6 ° C / min.

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15. Method of adsorption of metals, compounds organic, inorganic, ionic, polymeric, salts and surfactants of wastewater using seed adsorbent particles of pre-activated avocado prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the method of Adsorption comprises the steps of: pack in a column or add to a tank in a static system or add particles to a batch system pre-activated; Y pass said wastewater through said column or stir the wastewater with said pre particles activated in said tank or pouring wastewater into said system batch

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16. Method according to claim 15, in where the metals removed are nickel and zinc. 17. Method according to claim 15 or 16, where the mixture between the pre-activated particles and the water residual produces a discoloration of yellow, red, orange, violet and / or blue, and a decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC). 18. Method according to claim 17, in where the time of stay is approximately 3 days, and where at least 6% of blue coloration in said water is reduced residual. 19. Method according to claim 17, in where the time of stay is approximately 4 days; Y where at least 23% of the color is reduced orange in said wastewater; or where at least 14% coloration is reduced greenish yellow and at least 35% violet color is reduced.

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20. Microporous carbon particles for adsorbent obtained from avocado seed prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 14.