ES2356221B2 - SOLAR FOCUSING SYSTEM OF SOLAR COLLECTORS. - Google Patents

Abstract

Sun focus system of collectors solar.

System that regulates the solar tracking of a field of rotating longitudinal mirrors on its axes, coinciding with the central longitudinal lines of each specular surface, the axes being driven by wheels composed of two concentric parts assembled by common notch, these are actuated
by at least one rod whose eyelets are set in the lugs that emerge from the periphery of a side face of the wheels, the assembly moving by the action of an electric motor that starts when it receives a signal of consecutive shutdown of N photocells, and is interrupted the rotation, the system being blocked, when the sexagesimal minute hand testifies, by means of its rotation on a fixed circular arc, that the set of mirrors has turned the minutes that have been fixed.

Description

Sun focus system of collectors solar.

Technical sector

The invention falls within the field of solar installations that concentrate the original solar radiation on a receiving surface, thanks to the reflection of the radiation in a set of mirrors properly focused on the sun to throughout his daytime trajectory.

More specifically the invention applies to sets of parallel longitudinal mirrors, which in turn are parallel to the receiving surface, in which a thermal or photovoltaic application.

Technical problem to be solved and Background of the invention

The Sun is seen from Earth as a disk radiation emitter, with noticeably uniform intensity, and 32 ' (sexagesimal minutes) of optical aperture, or angular value of your diameter. This opening corresponds to 1/107 radians, which is a essential data when dealing with solar radiation. That's it fundamental to take into account the sun's daytime trajectory, which in its time changes every day; which is not an obstacle for that trajectory It is very well known for each day of the year, and for each location geographical That often leads to using astronomical tables to focus on the sun of the reflection devices or refraction that work with solar radiation, or measure it. Now well, the mechanical tolerances of these devices, plus those of the systems of drag or turn, and of the electric motors that in generally produce those movements, makes it not completely reliable that approach, and means are used to verify their aim or effectiveness, as proposed in patent application ES 2 325 975 A1 of this same inventor, applicable to concentrators parabolic trough

In this invention it is used as geometry of the reflection and concentration of light a multiple device longitudinal mirrors, which revolve around its longitudinal axis when they have to follow the sun to focus the reflected radiation over a receiver that is high above the mirrors. This device has certain limitations in the concentration of radiation, as is known in the scientific literature on topic; Although these limitations are not as drastic as previously believed, if appropriate guidelines are used to size the elements constitutive of these, as evidenced in the Patent applications of this same inventor, ES 2 345 759 A1 and ES 2 346 629 A1, with which the performance can be greatly improved of these devices in terms of radiation concentration. But those inventions lack a method of approach to the sun and corroboration of its accuracy, since they assume that this approach is Exactly, which is quite far from reality.

In the state of the art they are known references that describe some focusing devices and solar tracking, some of them being dedicated to longitudinal reflection devices, although the solutions that they contribute are very far from the present invention. Some of they, like the one of document US 2008/0128017 A1, seem to ignore the characteristic that all mirrors of a Fresnel mount (as many call devices of this type) have to rotate with the same angular velocity, although each one has a different inclination, because all have to reflect the sun's rays on the receiver. Is that is, it is a turn whose angular velocity is the same for all mirrors at a given time, but the turning phase in which it moves Each mirror is particular to that mirror.

An important group of requests constitute US 2010/051075 A1, US 2010/051016 A1 and US 2010/051018 A1, with many common points in the description of equipment, and with two fundamental failures that disable its applicability, because they ignore the opening of 32 minutes in the light solar, and rotate the mirrors on a support axis structural of the mirror, not coincident with the reflective surface in itself, which produces tremendous inaccuracies in the focus.

US documents 2010/051017 A1 and WO 2009/131787 A1, refer to two-axis tracking, and respond to the most classic way of using astronomical data to perform the tracking, which happens to be like this block diagram thing expressing what should be done, without detailing exactly how to make.

Returning to the case of follow-up with 1 turn axis, are documents US 2008/0163864 A1 and US 2008/295825 A1, but also ignore the 32 'opening and not contain no device that testifies that the order given to Follower or "tracker" is verified exactly. Are used worm screws or belts to transmit the turn, which is common practice in technology, but it is not suitable in a device solar, which due to the radiation opening must have an accuracy better than a moderate fraction of the opening of the solar disk. In definitive, direct precedent does not exist, because the invention also it is based on discretized action devices, in which there are bounded the mistakes made, and the sun's own position is used to ensure correctness of focus.

Description of the invention

The invention consists of a system that employs wheels composed of two concentric parts, which produce the turn of the mirrors discreetly, in jumps of N minutes sexagesimal, the electric motor that produces the rotation acting only the time needed to perform the above rotation. This is it materializes in two actions, starting the engine that induces the sudden turn of N sexagesimal minutes; and the interruption of motor action as soon as said N have been turned minutes, always in the direction of the sun on the work plane of the invention, which is a plane perpendicular to the axes of the mirrors and receiver. This last interruption or stop action, it materializes because the supply current to said motor is cuts abruptly when the turn of the mirrors reaches N minutes above, turning all the mirrors the same amount, although they are in lag with each other.

This rotation corresponds to a solar movement that is worth 2N sexagesimal minutes, measured in the projection of the solar astronomical trajectory on the work plane of the invention, measuring said solar movement by means of a set of photocells, which activates, by means of a circuit-relay, the electric motor drive after releasing its internal interlocking. In the other action, with which that sudden turn ends, the electric motor current is cut off, and this is in the blocking and braking phase, thanks to the fact that the composite motor wheel that is turned by the motor, has a solidarity large minute hand, which rotates on the same axis of the composite wheel; and said minute hand at its end is an electrical contact piece. The minute hand rotates N sexagesimal minutes in solidarity with the driving wheel, when it rotates by motor action; Finding the minute hand after that sudden turn a new groove or valley in the notch, where there is another electrical contact, with which the minute hand closes that specific circuit, which is a relay that cuts the motor supply and at the same time blocks the axes turning, by blocking the electric motor in solidarity with them and its transmission system, based on the composite wheels in solidarity with each axle, driven by a tractor / pusher run rod; the number of minutes N being a value set by design, which is less than 32 sexagesimal minutes of opening of sunlight when arriving at the
Earth.

The invention includes the assembly of mirrors with the axis of rotation in perfect coincidence with a longitudinal axis perfectly identified on the specular surface itself said, usually coinciding this axis with the axis of symmetry of mirror. This materializes through a support and rotation axis, for each mirror, which corresponds to a complete cylindrical in the sections in which it is housed inside the settlement bearing in each pillar-support of the structure; being lowered said full cylinder less than half a cylinder, which is called quasi-semi-cylinder, in the part that It is in solidarity with the mirror; settling the mirror support part about said quasi-semi-cylinder with the prescription that the thickness of the mirror support piece, up to the specular surface itself, is equal to the distance that the shaft material has been reduced quasi-semi-cylinder, from the center from its primitive circular straight section to the physical face that has remained in the central longitudinal line of the quasi-semi-cylinder.

Thus the geometric axis of rotation is achieved, which it is a virtual line that goes from support to support, from cylinder center at the center of the cylinder inside each bearing of the supports in the ends, just match a line on the surface speculate.

In short, the invention is composed of:

-

a set of wheels composed of turning drive of each mirror, mounted on the axis of rotation of each mirror, in one of its ends, each wheel being composed of two concentric parts, that are assembled by being the periphery of the inner part, and the inner surface of the outer part, carved with the same type of teeth, each tooth spanning an M number of minutes sexagesimal;

-

a set of photocells that activate, by means of a relay circuit, the motor drive electric; the pinion of the electric motor shaft is coupled to a cogwheel mounted on the axis of rotation of the driving mirror, disposing the composite motor wheel coupled to said axle, of a pusher-tractor rod acting on the different wheels composed of the coupling of successive eyelets of said rod with the existing lugs on the lateral periphery of each of the composite wheels;

-

a large minute hand, which rotates integral to the same axis of the wheel motor compound, said minute hand at its end a piece, or pointer, perpendicular to the needle, and provided with a contact electric, said pointer sliding on the edge notch upper of a fixed board, parallel to the driving wheel, and bearing said notch teeth, the angular width of each being tooth of N sexagesimal minutes, and corresponding edge corresponding top of the board to a circular arc of radius equal to that of the compound drive wheel at the point where your bumper protrudes side; and existing in the valleys or indentations of the notch another electrical contact, closing the corresponding circuit when the pointer contact contacts the contact of a valley or slit, which cuts the power of the motor rotation drive, the shafts, the rod and the wheels composed in the position that at that moment they had

-

Y The mirrors are also fixed because they are integral with each one its axis, each axis corresponding to a complete cylindrical in the sections in which it is housed inside the settlement bearing in each pillar-support of the structure; remaining lowered said complete cylinder to less than half a cylinder, which it is called quasi-semi-cylinder, in the part that is in solidarity with the mirror, settling the piece mirror stand on said quasi-semi-cylinder with the prescription that the thickness of the mirror support piece, up to the specular surface itself is equal to the distance that the shaft material has been lowered quasi-semi-cylinder, from the center from its primitive circular straight section, to the physical face that has remained in the central longitudinal line of the quasi-semi-cylinder.

In the pointer of the above-mentioned minute hand is placed an additional terminal, to have independent redundancy in the order to generate, which is generated when the minute hand, by the performance turn communicated to the mirror, passes from a notch valley to other. Upon arrival, thanks to the contact produced by one of the two terminals that it carries, the power supply to the motor that moves to the main mirror, whose wheel is the motor. The Two terminals in question are: 1) the electrical contact already described; 2) a photonic contact, by carrying the pointer a diode light emitter, and have each valley of the notches of the upper surface of the board, a photocell that activates its relay circuit when illuminated by said diode; producing any of these two types of relay the interruption of the power supply of the turning actuation motor, and blocking its turning position.

The start and stop of the electric motor in each jump of N sexagesimal minutes can be determined by astronomical tables, but the invention incorporates an activated system directly by the position of the sun, which in turn serves as guarantee of good approach, said system consisting of the generation of an electrical signal that starts the engine electric, to make a turn of N sexagesimal minutes in the mirrors, in the same direction that the sun turns, and generating said electrical signal when the light interaction caused in a photocell by the beam reflected from a longitudinal flange attached jointly to one side of the mirror to which it goes coupled to the driving wheel, or eventually to any other mirror, or well as an extension tab at one end of it, and that in its reflective face has a well marked longitudinal line, which is where the surface of high reflectivity ends, being the outer surface to said line of very low reflectivity, and this line being parallel to the axis of the mirror, and having said tab the normal line to its well defined and known plane from normal to the main mirror at its midpoint; and on the other hand, at a height chosen by design, not exceeding that of the receiver, it locate a transverse splint, with at least N + 1 photocells, in parallel to the work plane of the installation, being located the at least N photocells one after the other along the board, in immediate neighborhood between them, being electrically independent each other all the photocells, and having the same photometric features all of them, providing the one that is separated the reference signal from the background radiation, because located in a position where it receives neither solar radiation direct, nor reflected from the mirrors; and providing the others photocells a signal that indicates, by its intensity, whether or not it affects on each of them the light reflected from the tab, and each photocell having a length, in the work plane, equivalent to an arc of 2 sexagesimal minutes, with a radius of said arc which is the distance from the tab to the midpoint of the photocells located together, measure that distance in the plane of job; and generating the signal-relay of putting in motor drive rotation drive when movement natural solar cancels in N consecutive photocells radiation reflected from the tab, by displacement of the beam end bright, when the sun shifts that arc of 2N sexagesimal minutes in the work plane.

It has already been said that the mirrors that make up a longitudinal set of reflection, and pointing towards the same receiver whose longitudinal axis is parallel to the axes of rotation of the mirrors, they turn the same grades all of them in a period of time determined in its follow-up to the sun, although each mirror has different inclination, and in all of them the normal to the mirror, which turn the mirror, turn half the angle you have advanced the sun, in its trajectory projected on the work plane of the invention, and said rotation of each mirror is effected by means of the compound wheel already explained, integral with the axis of the mirror.

It is known that there are two alignments Essential for this type of longitudinal devices: 1) according the meridian, and 2) according to the parallel. It would fit any other, but in In this case, the definition of the solar path should be reflected rigorously on the work plane, which is always perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of rotation of the mirror, and of the receiver, parallel to each other. In any case, given that the two assemblies Cartographically well defined are according to the meridian and according to the parallel, the application will be exposed in both, which have absolutely the same foundation, distinguishing in each of they the existing variants according to the relative position of the field of mirrors with respect to the receiver.

For assemblies according to the meridian, the application of the invention has two variants, according to the field of mirrors are up or west of the receiver, giving the guidelines of application for the Northern Hemisphere, and being symmetrical for the southern hemisphere. For this it is noted that, when the field of mirrors is up, with the mirrors still during the passage of Solar path of 2N sexagesimal minutes, sun rays reflected from the tab are increasingly affecting the photocell cord, just as the sun continues its march towards west. On the contrary, when the field of mirrors is at west of the receiver, the sun's rays reflected from the tab they are falling more and more down. This natural phenomenon serves to activate the electric motor and turn the mirrors N minutes sexagesimal. Note that the normal to the mirror is the bisector of the angle of reflection, and therefore its movement covers, in degrees, half of the arc that travels the sun in its apparent movement in the work plane.

Therefore, when the field of mirrors is at lift, the invention works according to the technical guideline that follows: lighting of the photocells is moving up, and depending on how the initial calibration of the day was done, there will be a photocell illuminated by reflection from the tab, which will be the photocell that is below all the illuminated ones, and is the Which is taken as a reference. It affects, at the beginning of the passage of time, the left end (western end) of the reflected beam from the tab, which will move up as you the sun advances on its path, within that discretized step, in the The mirrors don't move. That means that the photocell of reference is the first to stop being illuminated, and then leave If your neighbor is above, and so on. When have running out of lighting N photocells, as a total represent 2N sexagesimal minutes, the step is terminated. So when the photocell that makes the number N from the reference, counting this one like 1, runs out of lighting from the tab, and only receives the background radiation, the control circuit of the electric motor, to make it cause the wheels to turn and the mirrors in N sexagesimal minutes, in the forward direction of the sun. That leads to placing the lighting on the photocell board at a point that is N photocells below than they were before the mirror turned in N minutes sexagesimal; whereby the illumination returns to the photocell reference. The step is repeated again and again with these features.

When the field of mirrors is west of receiver, the invention works according to the same technical guideline, but reversing the sense of displacement of the lighting of the photocells within a 2N sexagesimal minute step; and when the displacement has descended N photocells, the circuit is closed of control of the electric motor, to make it cause the turn of N sexagesimal minutes in the mirrors, always in the direction of advance of the sun.

It should be noted that the advance of 2N minutes sexagesimal by the sun in the projection of its movement in the work plane does not always mean the same time step, because it depends precisely on the angle formed by the radiation vector solar with the work plane. This vector can be broken down into two components: one contained in the work plane; and another perpendicular to it, which is parallel to the axes of the mirrors. From facing the rotation necessary to follow the sun, the component longitudinal does not influence; and the other is the one that governs the advance solar; which has been discretized in advances of 2N minutes sexagesimal, to which correspond turns of the mirrors of N sexagesimal minutes, made suddenly, when ordered by the Photocell board.

In the assemblies according to the parallel, there are also two other variants, since the field of mirrors can be north of the receiver, or south of it; but in the working plane of this assembly, which is perpendicular to the local parallel, the solar path is less simple than in the case of alignment of North-South (meridian) axes, there being also a marked difference from winter to summer, not only quantitative, as is the maximum rise of the sun, which is lower in winter; but of qualitative type. Note that in summer the sun rises, in the northern hemisphere, north of the local east cardinal point, and sets north of the west cardinal point, and takes a lot of height, reaching an ascent over the local horizon that is equal to complementary latitude plus 23º 27 ', which is the inclination of the ecliptic axis. On the contrary, in winter the sun rises to the south of the East and sets to the south of the west, and its ascent over the local horizon is equal to the complementary latitude minus 23º 27 '. These astronomical facts mean that the tracking of the sun in these assemblies according to the parallel does not show a trajectory maintained in the work plane, and therefore the displacement of the illumination of the photocells of the control board can be up or down, depending on the season and according to the time. Specifically, the displacement of the illumination in the photocell board, within a time step in which the mirrors are still, is as follows, for the casuistry that is
define:

With the field north of the receiver,

-

In summer, before local noon, lighting by photocells it ascends, and after noon it descends.

-

In winter, before local noon, lighting by photocells descends, and after noon ascends

With the field south of the receiver,

-

In summer, before noon local lighting by photocells it descends, and after noon it ascends.

-

In winter, before noon local lighting by photocells ascend, and after noon it descends

It should be noted for practical purposes, although not affects the invention itself, that in the assemblies according to the parallel, the total turn of the mirrors throughout a day is less than the turn that has to be in the same day in the assemblies according the meridian, as the apparent motion of the vector it represents solar radiation, moves less in the projection on the plane working of the assemblies according to the parallel. In any case, in the assemblies according to the parallel, the motor drive order of turn is generated when lighting override occurs by reflection from the tab, in N consecutive photocells, always turning around following the sun in its trajectory projected on the work plane of the invention.

The mirrors that make up a set Longitudinal reflection are arranged in parallel, and laid horizontally longitudinally, or with little inclination, and its structural axes, which has already been said coincide in its center with the virtual axis of rotation, they support every certain distance in the support pillars, which are provided with a settlement for the bearing that hugs the structural axis. At one end of each mirror (and in particular, at its north end, in the case of assemblies according to the meridian) the axle protrudes to set the wheel compound that determines the rotation of the mirror, and that is actuated by the shank crimped on successive studs or bumps that protrude from one of the faces of the successive wheels, at one point from its periphery or edge.

The morphology of the wheel that determines the turn of the mirror, allows to adjust the relative inclination of this one of the main or motor mirror, within the tolerance marked by the outer and inner notches of the inner parts and external, or ring, respectively. Each notch tooth It will have a certain arc of circumference, which can be expressed as M sexagesimal minutes. The smaller M is, the more accurate you can be the alignment of the mirror with respect to the main mirror. By geometric consistency, M should not be greater than N, and the prescription basis of the invention is M = N. Note that the part outside of the wheel, or ring, is forced on a given position by the stud or bump in which the stem. The inner part must be set in the common notch with the ring, and in turn on the physical axis of the mirror, and therefore its inclination can be rotated in modules of M sexagesimal minutes; and this property is used to fix each mirror with a certain inclination with respect to the main or driving mirror, which It is suitable for the approach to the sun, for closer to the given value by design, relative to the main or driving mirror. This is done with the whole set of mirrors powered by it mechanism.

A field of mirrors of a given installation It can be subdivided into several sets of grouped mirrors, with its own driving mechanism each of these sets.

On the axis of a main or driving mirror is set the spinning wheel, which acts as the main wheel, and in whose protrusion on the edge of the ring the stem is set Pusher-tractor turning action. Is according estimate based on the resistance to rotation of the mirror assembly, and for mechanical stability of the system, two stems can be used pusher-tractors, parallel to each other, and that set in bumps on the edge of the ring, in positions diametrically opposed on each wheel.

It is also coupled in solidarity with the axis of the main mirror the minute hand that, in its turn, brushes the upper face of the turning test board, which has a notch with teeth of N sexagesimal arc minutes on said upper face, which has a circumferential radius profile equal to that of the turning wheels. The minute hand above carries a pointer perpendicular at its end, with flexibility at its base, and that rest on the notched outer surface of the upper face of the board.

On the other hand, the location, in the longitudinal coordinate, of the photocell board is determined by the reflection of the solar rays from the control flange, which must be sufficiently long, longitudinally, as required by the assembly in question and the latitude of the Instead, it has a lot of influence on the value of the longitudinal component of the solar vector, and the larger the component is, the more the reflected beam travels from the flange to the photocell board, and the longer the flange has to be. If A is the height at which the center of the photocell board is located above the level at which the axis of the main mirror is located, and G is the smallest value of the angle that forms the longitudinal component of the vector of the vector on the horizontal solar radiation that is of interest, the length of the flange must be at least A / tgG, where tgG means the tangent value of the
angle G.

With respect to the longitudinal ordinate in which the splint has to be located, in the assembly according to the meridian it can be in any position where it has, at its south, a flange length of the size specified above, A / tgG, having its north a flange length of A / tgF value, where F is the smallest value of the angle that forms on the horizontal the longitudinal component of the solar radiation vector, when the sun is above the local parallel, either in the early hours after solar ortho in summer, well late before
sunset.

As a variant to the location of the tab witness on one side of the main mirror, or another mirror that is well certified in its inclination with respect to the principal, the tab can be located next to the axis of rotation of a mirror, being in this case the tab a rectangular piece, elongated and narrow, with a reflectivity surface similar to that of Mirrors; following the guidelines already specified above on the displacement of the illumination of the photocells in the various seasonal, hourly, and relative location conditions of the field of mirrors and the receiver.

In summary, the invention is executed through relay circuits, either drive the wheel turning motor main or motor of the set of mirrors, or interruption of said drive. The drive interruption is performed when any of the two relay circuits that act through the minute movement, be that of electrical contact, be that of photonic contact, or both, close the relay circuit in question; including, in the interruption of the drive of turn, the interlocking of the electric motor in that position, which also locks mirrors in the inclination they have when they It causes the interruption.

Wheel drive motor drive main starts when lighting on the board of photocells, coming from the end of the control tab, travels, in ascending or descending direction, a length that equivalent to an arc of 2N sexagesimal minutes in the plane of job. While that mark of the end of the illumination does not travel said arch, the set of mirrors remains fixed, because it gagged the electric motor system itself. To measure the displacement of lighting on photocells, the brand is always used extreme of the light reflected from the tab by the side that Choose in the design.

Brief description of the figures

Figure 1 shows the scheme of a system of solar energy collection with two sets of mirrors longitudinal, concentrating solar radiation on two receivers, this representation being the one corresponding to the plane of work in which the invention acts.

Figure 2 shows the straight section of a generic mirror

Figure 3 shows the straight section of a mirror with the eyelash on one side end.

Figure 4 shows the plan scheme of a set of mirrors, including the driving elements.

Figure 5 shows the wheel, composed of two Concentric, turning drive of each mirror, and the stem drive. Alternatively, two stems can be mounted parallels set in bumps on the edge of the ring, in diametrically opposite positions.

Figure 6 shows a variant of the wheel, with two parallel stems, which does not need the internal notch along the entire circumference.

Figure 7 shows the test board of turning mirrors.

Figure 8 shows the reflection scheme of the solar rays in a mount according to the meridian, for both cases to consider, with the field of mirrors to lift of the receiver (right); and to the west (left part).

Figure 9 shows the evolution of the vector of solar radiation in the assemblies according to the parallel, with the field south (left in the image) or north (right) of respective receiver, and differentiating between winter and summer ..

Figure 10 shows the interaction scheme, with the photocells of the tablet, of the light reflected by the test tab for the displacement of sunlight.

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Preferred embodiments of the invention

To facilitate the understanding of Preferred embodiments of the invention, below will be relate the relevant elements of it, which appear in the figures:

one.

Solar radiation receiver. In the Figure 1 shows two receivers placed symmetrically, in a double or dual mounting.

2.

Receiver surface or active face (1) that is highly absorbing of radiation, in the case of thermal applications, but it can be photovoltaic or other nature.

3.

Point central segment representing the active face (2) of the receiver (1), in the definition work plane of the invention.

Four.

Direct solar radiation.

5.

Straight normal to a generic mirror (7) on its central axis.

6.

Solar radiation reflected by mirrors (7).

7.

Generic mirror that reflects the solar radiation (4) on the receiver (1). There is a plurality of parallel mirrors in all of them, which reflect the radiation on the same receiver (1).

8.

Stands or tall pillars that maintain in its height and position to the radiation receiver (1) and all its internal elements

9.

Low pillars that keep in your height and position to the axes of the mirrors, generically represented by (7).

10.

Axis of ordinates of the work plane for a field of mirrors determined, and is the vertical axis that passes through the central point (3) of the active face (2) of the receiver (1).

eleven.

Axis of abscissa of the work plane, which is the horizontal line that passes through the center point of the mirror closest to the receiver (1), and It is therefore perpendicular to the ordinate axis (10).

12.

Origin of coordinates, which is the intersection between axes (10) and (11).

13.

Axis vertical symmetry in dual assemblies, other than the axis (10) which is the axis of ordinates in the coordinate system of reference.

14.

Cross stiffening structure of the receivers.

fifteen.

Rotating junction, thanks to bearing, abutment (9) with the axis of rotation of the generic mirror (7).

16.

Position angle, relative to the axis of abscissa, of the normal line (5) of a generic mirror.

17.

Position angle, relative to the axis of abscissa, of the incident solar radiation (4).

18.

Position angle, relative to the axis of abscissa, of the radiation reflected by a generic mirror (7). Each reflected beam is according to the fundamental law that the normal at the point of incidence of radiation is the bisector of the angle formed by the incident and reflected rays.

19.

Mirror surface itself said, of a mirror (7) of the field.

twenty.

Axis virtual geometric rotation of the mirror, which matches a straight line longitudinal of the reflective surface.

twenty-one.

Axis (semi-axis) fastening the mirror structure, and torsion arm, being a quasi-semi-cylinder in solidarity with the full cylindrical shaft (24).

22

Mirror support part, which is It sits on the semi-axis 21.

2. 3.

Side tab, in a mirror of calibration, testimony of the advance of the sun.

24.

Axis of rotation and clamping of each mirror.

25.

Compound drive wheel Turn of each mirror. For reasons of mechanical stability, they can go alternated to one side and another of the stem 26. A variant of this Wheel is element 85.

26.

Stem Pusher-tractor of the turning mechanism of the wheels 25 and 85. Two can be placed, assembled using bearings in diametrically opposite protuberances (27), on the side of the wheel rim

27.

Bumps or solidarity lugs with the side edge of the outer part, or ring 33, of the wheel 25.

28.

Control panel of the turning mechanism of the reflector mirrors (7).

29.

Wheel axle 81 of the drive mirror, that engages with the drive pinion (30) of the electric motor (31) of rotation drive.

30

Electric motor attack pinion (31).

31.

Electric motor drive rotation of the mirror assembly driven by the rod 26. The motor incorporates the interlocking of its axis when the power stops electric

32

Inner part of wheel 25. Va jointly attached to axis 24.

33.

External part of wheel 25, with the that the busty 27 is in solidarity.

3. 4.

Notch in the outer face of the inner piece (32) of wheel 25, which matches that of the face inside of the outer part (33) of the wheel. To make the assembly with a certain inclination of the mirror, the part Inside the wheel can be rotated in multiples of the wide arc of the teeth of the notch 34, of M sexagesimal minutes, since the ring 33 has its position fixed by the rod 26.

35

Upper surface notch of board 28.

36.

Valleys or notches in the notch 35, where the electrical contacts with the pointer 40 are located, and where the photonic contact photocells with the emitter are located of pointer light 40.

37.

Teeth of the notch 35. The arc width of each tooth is N minutes sexagesimal.

38.

Circuit Closure Wiring Electrical and electro-photonic board 28.

39.

Minute of the board 28, solidarity with the axis 81 of the driving mirror (79).

40

Pointer at the end of minute 39, perpendicular to him.

41.

Board support legs 28, on the land 42.

42

Ground.

43

Electric circuit closure cable from minute 39, through land.

44.

Pica of electric earth.

Four. Five.

Daytime projection of the sun on the work plane, in the assembly according to the meridian.

46.

Mirror of a field to the east of the receiver 1, in an assembly according to the meridian.

47

Normal in the center of the mirror 46.

48.

Thunderbolt of sun at any given time.

49.

Thunderbolt reflected in the mirror 46 due to the incidence of lightning 48.

fifty.

Thunderbolt of sun at a time after the 48th ray.

51.

Thunderbolt reflected in mirror 46 due to the incidence of lightning 50.

52

Illumination shift reflected from the mirror 46 on the receiver, or on the tablet of photocells, as the sun advances, with a fixed mirror.

53.

Mirror of a field to the west of receiver 1, in an assembly according to the meridian.

54

Normal in the center of the mirror 53.

55.

Thunderbolt of sun at any given time.

56.

Thunderbolt reflected in the mirror 53 due to the incidence of lightning 55.

57.

Thunderbolt of sun at a time after the 53rd ray.

58.

Thunderbolt reflected in the mirror 53 due to the incidence of lightning 57.

59.

Illumination shift reflected from the mirror 53 on the receiver, or on the tablet of photocells, as the sun advances, with a fixed mirror.

60

Generic point of a mirror field south of the receiver, in an assembly according to the parallel,

61.

Thunderbolt early in the morning and late in the afternoon in summer, in a assembly according to the parallel.

62

Thunderbolt at noon local in summer, in a setting according to the parallel.

63.

Solar vector offset from effective ortho until local noon, in summer.

64.

Solar vector offset from Local noon until sunset, in summer.

65

Thunderbolt early in the morning and late in the afternoon in winter, in an assembly according to the parallel.

66.

Thunderbolt at noon local in winter, in an assembly according to the parallel.

67.

Solar vector offset from The effective ortho until local noon, in winter.

68.

Solar vector offset from Local noon until sunset, in winter.

69.

Generic point of a mirror field north of the receiver, in an assembly according to the parallel.

70.

Photocells that form the set that testifies the movement of the sun with respect to the collecting system of radiation, and they receive the radiation reflected by the tab chosen, 23 or 78.

71.

Photocell that receives diffused light general, but not reflected by any mirror (it doesn't have to be on clapboard 72).

72.

Tablet of photocells.

73

Thunderbolt solar at any given time.

74.

Thunderbolt reflected in tab 23, by incidence of lightning 73.

75.

Thunderbolt solar at a time after the lightning 73.

76

Thunderbolt reflected in tab 23, by incidence of lightning 75. In this case the advance of the sun in its trajectory is equivalent to an arc in the plane of work that corresponds to the sweep of a photocell, which is set in 2 sexagesimal minutes as a reference value.

77.

Normal to tab 23 of testification

78.

Testimony tab, when located at one end of an axis 24.

79.

Drive mirror, whose shaft is engaged the engine (31), through the attack pinion (30) and the wheel toothed (29), as well as the minute hand (39) of the board (28).

80.

Composite wheel attached to the axle of rotation of the power mirror 79.

81.

Axis of the driving mirror (79) and its wheel (80), all similar to the axes (24) but with specific functionality.

82.

Inner part of wheel 85. Go jointly attached to axis 24.

83.

External part of wheel 85, with the that the lugs are supportive 27.

84.

Notch in the outer face of the inner piece (82) of wheel 85, which matches that of the face inside of the outer part (83) of the wheel.

85.

Composite wheel, functionally the same at 25, but you don't need a cut along the entire circle.

86.

Strike between parts 82 and 83 to be able to assemble them in different positions of coincidence of the notch 84.

87.

Fixing plates of parts 82 and 83, after fixing the assembly of its notch.

The embodiment of the invention is based on assemble the longitudinal mirrors (7) and their structure on the lift and turn axis, which is complete cylindrical (24) in the parts inserted in the bearing support, and is in quasi-semi-cylinder (21) in the part that sustains the mirror; for which you can use various high reflectivity materials, such as silver deposited in the back of a glass cover, or aluminum foil protected by another layer of transparent material that protects the previous. In any case, the shape of the mirror (7), specifically its straight section, it must be the one prescribed in the application corresponding, and what is substantial is that the mirror integrate into its structure, and especially with its axis of rotation and lift (21), in the manner prescribed by this invention, being substantial the condition that the geometric axis of rotation (20), which as such it is a virtual line that goes from the center of the bearing of one support to the center of the bearing of the other support, coincides with a longitudinal line on the surface (19) of the mirror.

Precisely the physical axis of rotation is a matter essential, and can be made of steel or other building material of remarkable resistance, and can be manufactured with successive parts, welded or stuffed, distinguishing two parts: 1) which is what sits on the bearing bearings on the supports in the terrain, which are parts whose periphery is a complete cylinder (24); and 2) the part that is assembled with the rest of the structure of the mirror, and what is quasi-half-cylinder (21), slightly lowered so that the central area sits well mirror, with the curvature to be given, as seen in the figure 2.

Another essential issue is to add the tab testification (23 or 78) to the matrix mirror, or one in solidarity with that in its turn, provided that the normal to the tab has a value known and maintained with respect to normal to the mirror at its point medium, within the tolerance marked by the M minutes sexagesimal widths of the teeth of the notch (34) of the outer face of the inner part (32) of the wheel (25), being said notch (34) coinciding with that of the inner face of the outer part (33) of the wheel (25); as can be seen in the figure 5.

The location of the tab and the mirror in the that adheres (figures 3, for the lateral flange; and 4 for that of the final), is an essential condition to fix the splint (72) of photocells (70), with the requirements stated in the "Description of the invention ", including the location of the photocell (71) which only receives diffuse background radiation, but not direct from the sun, nor directly reflected. The splint can be fixed to one of the high pillars (8) that support the receiver or receivers (1), with inclination such that it is perpendicular to the line from the center of the splint to the center of the flange, when the sun is on noon, a chosen day, preferably from the beginning of summer. Figure 10 represents the scheme of the idea, although not it is to scale, because the whole set of prescriptions given on the photocells or on the position relative of the witness tab. However, the figure helps the understanding of the principle applied; well while the mirror and the eyelash are still, the sun advances from lightning 73 to 75, and that makes that the reflected one goes from 74 to 76, which is what the shift of the light signal on the photocells. This displacement depends on the assembly followed in the installation to its axes, and the relative location of the receiver and the field of Mirrors. Figure 2 shows the two cases (to the east, right; to west, left) of assembly according to the meridian. In the 9 the assembly according to the parallel is exposed, evidencing, both for fields to the north as fields to the south, and both for summer and for winter, the details made in the Description of the Invention.

The length of the photocells along its straight section on the work plane, is determined to be a turn of a given number of sexagesimal minutes, typically 2, from the center of the testimony tab (23; 78). The photocells (70, 71) generate a very low electrical power, but enough to discriminate a situation of full illumination, regarding another in which the reflected radiation has been lost, and Only the bottom one remains. The electrical circuits that go away deactivating when running out of lighting from the tab it count electronically, and when the displacement that Behavior (52; 59) reaches 2N sexagesimal minutes, it is generated in a relay the order to activate the motor release (31) and the rotation of this one. The engine must not meet any special requirements, even by power or torque. Your attack pinion (30) will be a number of teeth much smaller than the gear (29) integral with the shaft (24) of the driving mirror (79).

The turn of the driving set, and therefore of the mirrors associated with the same rod (26) ends just like the pointer (40) of the minute hand (39), which is jointly and severally connected to the axis (24) of the motor mirror, generates a relay signal, when closing the associated circuit to the next notch valley (35) of the board (28), either the electrical circuit, either the photonic one, or both, which happens after a turn of N sexagesimal minutes, which is the angular value of the teeth (37) of that notch. The movement scheme of minute on the board is shown in figure 7.

Both the board (28) with its notch, and the turning wheels (25) of the mirrors (7) can be made of different material, not necessarily metallic, but lighter and less expensive, like methacrylate. The toughest must be the bumps or studs (27) that emerge to the side of the edge of each wheel (25), as well as the rod (26) or pair of rods that they serve to push or pull the wheels in question. Alternatively to the composite wheels that have a notch along its entire coupling circle between the inner parts and outside, there are composite wheels as the elements identified by 85, which are functionally identical to the wheels 25 compounds, but possibly lighter and cheaper. The notch is limited to two arcs of said circumference, and one once assembled its inner and outer parts, both are fixed with some plates (87), well welded, well screwed, as seen in Figure 6

Once the invention has been clearly described, notes that the particular realizations above described are subject to modifications of detail provided that do not alter the fundamental principle and the essence of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. Sun-focusing system of solar collectors, which regulates the solar tracking of a field of longitudinal type mirrors (7), each mirror having an axis of rotation (24), these mirrors reflecting direct solar radiation (4) on a receiver (1) also longitudinal, which is maintained at a certain height on high rods or porches (8), while the mirrors (7) rest on low rods or pillars (9), at whose upper ends are heads with bearings which is where the axes (24) of support and rotation of the mirrors (7) sit, which is particularly represented in the so-called work plane of the invention, which is perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the mirrors and the axis of the linear receiver, characterized in that the system comprises: - a set of composite wheels (25, 80, 85) for turning rotation of each mirror (7), mounted on the axis of rotation (24, 81) of each mirror, at one of its ends, each wheel being composed ( 25, 80, 85) of two concentric parts (32, 33, 82, 83), which are assembled by being the periphery of the inner part, and the inner surface of the outer part, carved with the same type of teeth, comprising each tooth an M number of minutes
sexagesimal; - a set of photocells (70, 71) that activate, by means of a relay circuit, the drive of an electric motor (31); the pinion (30) of the shaft being coupled from the electric motor (31) to a cogwheel (29) mounted on the axis of rotation (81) of the driving mirror (79), arranging the wheel motor compound (80) coupled to said shaft (81) of a rod (26) pusher-tractor that acts on the different wheels composed (25, 85) by the coupling of successive eyelets of said rod (26) with the lugs (27) existing in the lateral periphery of each of the composite wheels (25, 80, 85); - a large minute hand (39), which rotates attached to the same axle (81) of the composite drive wheel (80), said minute hand at its end a piece or pointer (40), perpendicular to the needle, and provided with an electrical contact, said pointer sliding on the notch (35) of the edge upper of a fixed board (28) parallel to the driving wheel (80), and said notch having teeth (37), the width being angle of each tooth of N sexagesimal minutes, and corresponding said upper edge of the board (28) to a circular arc of radius equal to that of the compound drive wheel (80) at the point where protrudes its lateral busty (27); and existing in the valleys or notches (36) of the notch (35) other electrical contact, closing the corresponding circuit when the contact of the pointer contacts the contact of a valley or crevice (36), what which cuts the power supply of the drive motor (31) turning, the axes (24, 81), the rod (26) and the composite wheels (25, 80, 85) in the position that in that instant they have; - and the mirrors being fixed (7, 79) because each one is integral with its axis, each axis corresponding (24, 81) to a complete cylindrical in the sections in which it remains housed inside the seating bearing on each support pillar (9) of its structure; said entire cylinder being lowered to less than half a cylinder, which is called quasi-semi-cylinder (21), in the part that is in solidarity with the mirror, settling the support piece (22) of the mirror on said quasi-semi-cylinder with the prescription that the thickness of the mirror support piece, up to the specular surface itself (19), is equal to the distance that the shaft material has been reduced quasi-semi-cylinder (21), from the center of its primitive circular straight section, up to the physical face which has remained in the central longitudinal line of the quasi-semi-cylinder (21). 2. The solar collector focusing system according to claim one, characterized in that the slit or valley (36) of the upper arc of the board (28) comprises a light sensitive photocell of a light emitting diode, which it is embedded in the pointer (40) of the minute hand (39), so that the arrival of the minute hand (39) to the slit (36) thus activates another electrical circuit, which acts redundantly as a relay that cuts off the motor supply (31) and at the same time it blocks the axes of rotation (24, 81), and blocks the composite wheels (25, 80, 85) in solidarity with them. 3. Sun focus system of solar collectors, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wheel (25, 85) that drives the rotation of a mirror (7), is mounted with the angular inclination determined from the mirror , relative to the main or driving mirror, within the tolerance marked by the outer and inner notches of the internal (32, 82) and external (33, 83) parts, respectively, that constitute each wheel (25, 85); each tooth of the notch (34) has an arc of circumference of M sexagesimal minutes; without being M greater than N, and the basic prescription of the invention is M = N; maintaining in any case that the outer part or ring (33, 83) of the wheel (25, 85), is forced in a certain position by the stud or protuberance (27) in which the rod (26) is assembled; and the inner part of the wheel (32, 82) is assembled with the outside part (33.83) thanks to the common notch (34, 84), and in turn inside it is set on the physical axis (24) of the mirror, and therefore its angular inclination is rotated in modules of M sexagesimal minutes; fixing the wheel (25, 85), which sets the inclination of the mirror (7), relative to the main or driving mirror (79), with the value closest to the value given by design. 4. Sun-focus system of solar collectors, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at one end of each mirror (7), and in particular, at its north end, in the case of assemblies according to the meridian, the axle (24) protrudes to set the wheel (25, 85) that determines the rotation of the mirror (7), and which is actuated by the rod (26) set in the successive lugs or protuberances (27) protruding from one of the faces of the successive wheels (25, 85), at a point on its periphery or edge, being able to use two rods (26) in parallel, assembled in individual bolts (27) located in diametrically opposite positions on the edge of each wheel ( 25, 85). 5. Solar collector focusing system, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the start-up of the electric motor in each jump of N sexagesimal minutes occurs when generating an electrical signal in a relay circuit said electric motor starts, said electric signal being generated when the light interaction caused in a set of photocells (70) by the reflected beam (74, 76) ceases from a longitudinal flange (23) jointly and severally attached to a lateral end of the mirror to which it goes coupled to the composite motor wheel (81), or possibly to any other mirror, or as an extension flange (78) at one end thereof, and which on its reflective face has a well-marked longitudinal line, which is where the surface of the high reflectivity, the outer surface being to said line of very low reflectivity, and this line being parallel to the axis of the mirror, and said flange having the straight line normal (77) to its ben defined and known plane with respect to the normal to the main mirror at its midpoint; and on the other hand, at a height chosen by design, without exceeding that of the receiver, a transverse splint (72) is located, with at least N + 1 photocells (70, 71), parallel to the installation work plane, the at least N photocells (70) being placed one after the other along the board, in immediate vicinity between them, all the photocells being electrically independent of each other, and all of them having the same photometric characteristics , providing the one that is separated ( 71) the reference signal of the background radiation, being located in a position where it receives neither direct solar radiation (4) nor reflected (6) from the mirrors (7); and the other photocells (70) providing a signal indicating, by their intensity, whether or not the light reflected from the flange (23, 78) falls on each of them, and each photocell (70) having a length, in the work plane, equivalent to an arc of 2 sexagesimal minutes, with a radius of said arc that is the distance from the flange (23, 78) to the midpoint of the photocells (70) located together, measured that distance in the plane of job; and generating the start-up relay signal of the rotation drive motor (31) when the natural solar motion cancels in N consecutive photocells the radiation reflected from the flange (23, 78), by displacement of the end of the light beam (74 , 76), when the sun moves that arc of 2N sexagesimal minutes in the work plane. 6. Sun focus system of solar collectors, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that in the assemblies in which the axes (24) of the mirrors (7) are along the local meridian, when the field of mirrors (7 ) is up, there is a photocell illuminated by the reflection from the chosen tab (23, 78), which is the photocell that is lower than all the illuminated ones (70), and is the one taken as a reference, because in it it affects, at the beginning of the passage of time, the left end, or western end, of the beam reflected from the chosen tab (23, 78), which will move upwards as the sun progresses in its path, within that step discretized, in which mirrors do not move (7); so the reference photocell is the first to cease to be illuminated by reflection from the chosen tab (23, 78), and then its neighbor ceases to be above, and so on; until there are no lighting from the N photocells tab (70), and the electric photocell counter (70) devoid of the reflected illumination closes the control circuit of the electric motor, to make it cause the wheels and mirrors to turn in N sexagesimal minutes, in the direction of the sun's advance; which leads to placing the lighting on the photocell board (72) (70) again at a point that is N photocells lower than they were before the mirror was turned in N sexagesimal minutes; whereby the illumination returns to the reference photocell. 7. Sun-focus system of solar collectors, according to claim five, characterized in that in the assemblies in which the axes (24) of the mirrors (7) are along the local parallel, the motor drive order ( 31) of rotation is generated when the cancellation of the illumination by reflection takes place from the chosen tab (23, 78), in N consecutive photocells (70), the rotation being carried out always following the sun in its projected trajectory in the work plane of the invention. 8. Solar collector focusing system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the location in the longitudinal coordinate of the photocell board (72) is determined by the reflection of the sun's rays from the chosen control tab ( 23, 78), which must be sufficiently long, longitudinally, as required by the assembly in question and the latitude of the place, since it has a lot of influence on the value of the longitudinal component of the solar vector, and the greater the said component, the more the reflected beam (74. 76) travels from the flange (23, 78) to the photocell board (72), and the flange must be longer; to define which is called A at the height at which the center of the photocell board is located above the level at which the axis of the main mirror is located, and G is called the lowest value of the angle that forms on the horizontal the longitudinal component of the solar radiation vector that you want to take advantage of; and the tab length must be at least A / tgG, where tgG means the value of the tangent of angle G. 9. Sun-focus system of solar collectors, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the longitudinal arrangement in which the photocell board (72) has to be located, in the assembly according to the meridian can be in any position in which it has , to its south, a flange length of the size specified above, A / tgG, having a flange length of A / tgF value to its north, F being the smallest value of the angle that forms the longitudinal component of the vector of the horizontal solar radiation, when the sun is above the local parallel, either in the early hours after the solar ortho in summer, or in the late hours before sunset. 10. The solar collector focusing system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a field of mirrors of a given installation can be subdivided into several sets of grouped mirrors, each of these assemblies having their own driving mechanism.