ES2351292B1 - DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF INSOLUBLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS. - Google Patents
DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF INSOLUBLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2351292B1 ES2351292B1 ES200930755A ES200930755A ES2351292B1 ES 2351292 B1 ES2351292 B1 ES 2351292B1 ES 200930755 A ES200930755 A ES 200930755A ES 200930755 A ES200930755 A ES 200930755A ES 2351292 B1 ES2351292 B1 ES 2351292B1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009297 electrocoagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003189 isokinetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Pb] LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006385 ozonation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052935 jarosite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000143252 Idaea infirmaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008043 acidic salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WAKZZMMCDILMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-H barium(2+);diphosphate Chemical class [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WAKZZMMCDILMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydroxyl ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
Dispositivo y procedimiento para la formación de compuestos químicos insolubles.#El dispositivo comprende un reactor (1) con dos pares de electrodos (2,3;5,6), un conductor en forma de espiral (11) para generar campos magnéticos, una bomba sopladora (9) y un emisor de fotones (10) de inyección de aire fotonizado, un generador de campo eléctrico y magnético y un generador de frecuencia regulable, y un agitador (8).#El procedimiento comprende introducir en el reactor (1) una solución con compuestos químicos insolubles, inyectar aire con ozono y radicales libres, y simultáneamente: aplicar a la solución una frecuencia del espectro de radio a la solución y una corriente continua pulsante, aplicar campos magnéticos específicos, agregar un primer aporte de iones que no estén presentes en el líquido y necesarios para completar los complejos insolubles, y un segundo aporte de iones para formar nuevos complejos con las sales del líquido.Device and method for the formation of insoluble chemical compounds. # The device comprises a reactor (1) with two pairs of electrodes (2,3; 5,6), a spiral-shaped conductor (11) to generate magnetic fields, a blower pump (9) and a photon emitter (10) for photonized air injection, an electric and magnetic field generator and an adjustable frequency generator, and an agitator (8). # The procedure involves introducing into the reactor (1 ) a solution with insoluble chemical compounds, inject air with ozone and free radicals, and simultaneously: apply to the solution a frequency of the radio spectrum to the solution and a pulsing direct current, apply specific magnetic fields, add a first supply of ions that they are not present in the liquid and necessary to complete insoluble complexes, and a second supply of ions to form new complexes with the salts of the liquid.
Description
Dispositivoyprocedimiento parala formaciónde compuestos químicos insolubles. Device and procedure for the formation of insoluble chemical compounds.
Campo de aplicación de la invención Field of application of the invention
El campo de de la invención es la recuperación de sales solubles transformándolas en insolubles mediante procesos químicos eléctricosymagnéticos. The field of the invention is the recovery of soluble salts transforming them into insoluble by chemical and electrical chemical processes.
Descripción del arte previo Description of the prior art
En el estado de la técnica aparecen numerosos procesos en los cuales ocurren reacciones químicas que resultan en productos insolubles, otras reacciones, sin embargo, forman sales solubles, por lo cual no pueden ser separadas del líquido. Numerous processes appear in the state of the art in which chemical reactions occur that result in insoluble products, other reactions, however, form soluble salts, whereby they cannot be separated from the liquid.
La presente invención logra resolver este problema técnico tomando todas las sales solubles de un líquidoyforzándolas a formar compuestos insolubles. The present invention manages to solve this technical problem by taking all the soluble salts of a liquid and forcing them to form insoluble compounds.
Ejemplos de procesos que forman sales insolubles encontramos en estado de la técnica como sigue: Examples of processes that form insoluble salts are found in the state of the art as follows:
En la publicación Japonés JP2004255627 se describe un proceso de insolubilización de sales como pre tratamiento paraevitar ensuciamientode membranasde ósmosis reversa. Este proceso no utiliza campo magnéticoni frecuenciay no es capaz de insolubilizar cloruros ni sulfatos. In Japanese publication JP2004255627 a process of insolubilization of salts is described as a pretreatment to avoid fouling of reverse osmosis membranes. This process does not use magnetic field frequency and is not capable of insolubilizing chlorides or sulfates.
En la publicación US 5858249 se describe un proceso de insolubilización de especiesiónicas en una instalación tipo celda electrolítica, que funciona a modo de electro coagulación para formar insolubles con las sales propias del líquidoyel aportede ionesdel electrodode sacrificio. Este proceso no es capazde precipitar clorurosni sulfatos. In US publication 5858249 a process of insolubilization of ionic species in an electrolytic cell type installation is described, which functions as an electro coagulation to form insoluble with the own salts of the liquid and the contribution of ions of the sacrificial electrode. This process is not capable of precipitating chlorides or sulfates.
En la publicación CN 1131127 se describe un proceso de insolubilización de sales contenidas en un líquido por medio del agregado de reactivos químicos, como sales de fosfatoysales de bario. Los precipitados se separan por filtración resultando el líquido, en este caso agua, con un contenido de sales reducido. Este proceso no aplica campos eléctricos, magnéticosnifrecuenciay no es capazde formar complejos. CN 1131127 describes an insolubilization process of salts contained in a liquid through the addition of chemical reagents, such as barium phosphate salts. The precipitates are separated by filtration resulting in the liquid, in this case water, with a reduced salt content. This process does not apply electric fields, magnetic frequency and is not able to form complexes.
Resumen de la invención Summary of the Invention
La presente invención consiste en un procedimientode formación de compuestos químicos insolubles en medio líquido por estímulos físicos. Los compuestos formados pueden ser inorgánicosu orgánicos, simpleso complejos.El problema técnico que resuelve esta invención es el de transformar sales de alta solubilidad en compuestos insolubles, de manera que se puedan separar del líquido para obtener un beneficio tanto de las sales separadas como del líquido residual purificado. The present invention consists of a process of formation of insoluble chemical compounds in liquid medium by physical stimuli. The compounds formed can be inorganic or organic, simply complex. The technical problem solved by this invention is that of transforming salts of high solubility into insoluble compounds, so that they can be separated from the liquid to obtain a benefit from both the separated salts and the liquid Puri fi ed residual.
En una sola etapao reactor ocurren mecanismosdereacciónycambios físicos, como son precipitación inicialde complejos, que sirvende núcleos para posteriores mecanismosde nucleaciónyadsorciónde otras especies formadas. La formación de estos primeros precipitados se debe a la acción de un campo eléctricoy magnético aplicado por medio de una corriente eléctrica ultra filtrada transmitida a través de electrodos, además delaporte iónico de uno de los electrodos que actúa como sacrificio. Reaction mechanisms and physical changes occur in a single stage or reactor, such as initial precipitation of complexes, which serve as nuclei for subsequent nucleation and absorption mechanisms of other species formed. The formation of these first precipitates is due to the action of an electric and magnetic field applied by means of an ultrafiltered electric current transmitted through electrodes, in addition to the ionic supply of one of the electrodes that acts as a sacrifice.
Luego se agrega un segundo aporte de iones, usualmente aluminio, calcio, hierro, plomo o estaño para formar nuevos complejos con las sales que contiene el líquido. Con esto, los núcleos formados inicialmente son aumentados de tamaño por estos nuevos complejosy en esta etapa, además, ocurre un fenómeno de adsorción de otras sales no complejas formadas. Then a second contribution of ions, usually aluminum, calcium, iron, lead or tin is added to form new complexes with the salts contained in the liquid. With this, the initially formed nuclei are enlarged by these new complexes and at this stage, in addition, a phenomenon of adsorption of other non-complex salts formed occurs.
Los distintos complejos se forman por selectividad de los procesos que se logran por la aplicación de frecuencia de ondas electromagnéticas enel espectrode ondasde radio en frecuenciasde1KHza2MHz, con un equipo generador de ondas electromagnéticasde diferente geometríayfrecuencia. The different complexes are formed by selectivity of the processes that are achieved by the application of electromagnetic wave frequency in the radio wave spectrum at frequencies of 1 KHz 2 MHz, with an electromagnetic wave generating equipment of different geometry and frequency.
Los posibles campos de aplicación de esta técnica son, entre otros: The possible fields of application of this technique are, among others:
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- Desalineaciónde aguademar, precipitaciónde clorurosysulfatos. Water misalignment, precipitation of chlorides and sulfates.
- ◦ ◦
- Remoción de sales de aguas ácidas de mineras. Removal of acidic salt from mining.
- ◦ ◦
- Precipitación de sales de soluciones de PLS mineras. Precipitation of salts from mining PLS solutions.
- ◦ ◦
- Tratamientode agua potable, precipitaciónde clorurosysulfatos. Treatment of drinking water, precipitation of chlorides and sulfates.
- ◦ ◦
- Tratamientode aguasdeCalderasyenfriamientos, remociónde sulfatosycloruros. Treatment of boiler water and cooling, sulfate and chloride removal.
- ◦ ◦
- Tratamientode aguade riego, precipitaciónde clorurosysulfatos. Irrigation water treatment, precipitation of chlorides and sulfates.
- ◦ ◦
- Tratamientode aguade riego, precipitaciónde fosfatosynitratos. Irrigation water treatment, phosphate precipitation and nitrates.
- ◦ ◦
- Tratamientode aguas servidas, precipitaciónde cloruros, sulfatosyfosfatos. Treatment of sewage, precipitation of chlorides, sulfates and phosphates.
- ◦ ◦
- Tratamientode aguas servidas, precipitaciónde nitratosynitritos. Treatment of sewage, precipitation of nitrates and nitrites.
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- Insolubilizaciónde sales en procesosde producciónde fármacosyreactivos químicos en general. Insolubilization of salts in production processes of drugs and chemical reagents in general.
- ◦ ◦
- Precipitaciónde sales como pre tratamiento para procesosde ultra filtraciónyósmosisinversa. Precipitation of salts as a pretreatment for ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis processes.
Si bien estos ejemplos de aplicación podrían ser los más conocidos, muchos otros procesos pueden aprovechar las ventajasdepoder insolubilizarsalesnormalmente solublesyasí optimizarel rendimientoy/o purezadelos productos obtenidos.Así,sialgúnprocesousaraparteola totalidaddelatecnologíadelpresenteinventoquedaríabajoelámbito de la presente invención. While these application examples may be the best known, many other processes can take advantage of the ability to insolubilize normally soluble and thus optimize the yield and / or purity of the products obtained. Thus, if any process is used for the whole of the technology of the present invention, it would be under the scope of the present invention.
Esta tecnología utiliza la aplicación de voltaje de corriente continua ultra filtrada, con una geometría variable de ondastipo sinusoidal,pulsoamortiguadodientedesierra,pulsodeonda cuadradayunaseñaldeonda electromagnética del espectrode radio, los cuales se aplicana travésde un parde electrodos.Todo esto en su conjunto es capazde potenciar las reaccionesdeprecipitación. This technology uses the application of ultrafiltered direct current voltage, with a variable wave geometry, sinusoidal type pulse, ground damping pulse, square round pulse and an electromagnetic wave of the radio spectrum, which is applied through a pair of electrodes. All of this as a whole is able to enhance the precipitation reactions.
Conjuntamente, es necesario queexista un rangodepH preferencial para dichaprecipitación,el cual debe encontrarse entrepH4ypH12,sin embargo,sisellevaa caboel procesoen cualquier rangodela escaladepHse obtendrán buenos resultados. Posteriormente,existe una etapa de coagulación isocinética de las partículas precipitadas, donde esta coagulación es asistida eléctricamente.Elvoltaje aplicado, correspondiente a campos eléctricosy magnéticos, también se encuentra dentrode un rango,el cual debeserde entre unoy cienvolts, mientras quela intensidadde corriente utilizada debe estar entrelos10mAy3A. Comose mencionó anteriormente,elvoltajeyla señal electromagnética son aplicados a través de electrodos que se encuentran sumergidos en la solución a tratar. El material deconstrucciónde dichos electrodosesvariable,segúnlacalidaddelagua.Éstospuedenserde:plomo,platino, aluminio, cobre, carbón, oro, estaño, zinc, hierro, titanio, boro, níquel o diamante. Jointly, it is necessary that there is a preferential range of pH for such precipitation, which must be between pH4 and H12, however, if the process is carried out in any range of the scale of pH, good results will be obtained. Subsequently, there is an isokinetic coagulation stage of the precipitated particles, where this coagulation is electrically assisted. The applied voltage, corresponding to electric and magnetic fields, is also within a range, which must be between one and one hundred volts, while the current intensity used must be Between 10mA and 3A. As mentioned earlier, the voltage and electromagnetic signal are applied through electrodes that are submerged in the solution to be treated. The construction material of these electrodes is variable, depending on the quality of the water. These can be: lead, platinum, aluminum, copper, coal, gold, tin, zinc, iron, titanium, boron, nickel or diamond.
Todo el procedimiento para la formación de insolubles es producido en un solo dispositivo, el cual consta de diferentes elementos, como son: The entire procedure for insoluble formation is produced in a single device, which consists of different elements, such as:
- --
- Reactorque contiene1parde electrodosde diferente configuraciónyde distinto materialde construcción, insertados por un costado del reactor, uno frente a otro, conectados a una fuente de poder e inducción magnética, que se encuentra fuera del dispositivo. Reactor containing 1 electrode wall of different configuration and different construction material, inserted on one side of the reactor, facing each other, connected to a source of power and magnetic induction, which is located outside the device.
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- Unsegundoparde electrodosde diferente configuraciónyde distinto materialde construcción, insertados dentro del reactor, uno frentea otroy juntoal primer parde electrodos, conectados a un generadorde frecuencia que se encuentrafuera del reactor. A second electrode of different configuration and different construction material, inserted inside the reactor, faces each other and next to the first part of the electrodes, connected to a frequency generator located outside the reactor.
- --
- Elemento conductor en forma de espiral, que se encuentra fuera del reactor y conectado a una fuente de poder e inducción magnética, donde a través de este elemento circula corriente que generan campos magnéticos específicos. Spiral-shaped conductor element, which is located outside the reactor and connected to a source of power and magnetic induction, where current flows through this element that generate specific magnetic fields.
- --
- Inyeccióndeairefotonizado producidoatravésde bombasopladorayemisorde fotonesque ingresaal reactor a través de un capilar ubicado junto al electrodo conectado al polo negativo de la fuente de poder, demodoqueelcapilarquedelomás cercanoposiblealfondodel reactor. Injection of the phonatized produced through the blower pump and photon emitter that enters the reactor through a capillary located next to the electrode connected to the negative pole of the power source, which can be the capillary of the closest possible to the bottom of the reactor.
- --
- Generador de campo eléctricoymagnético además de un generador de frecuencia regulable, que se encuentran fuera del reactor. Electric and magnetic field generator in addition to an adjustable frequency generator, which are located outside the reactor.
- --
- Medio de agitación por paleta de velocidad regulable que se encuentra al centro del reactor. Stirring medium by adjustable speed vane located at the center of the reactor.
Además,la realizacióndetodoslosprocesospuedellevarseacaboenotras instalacionesconmásdeundispositivo. In addition, the realization of all processes can be carried out in other facilities with more than one device.
El procedimientode formaciónde precipitados incluye unvalor determinadode presiónytemperatura, los cuales se encuentran en un rangode1 a10 baryde0 a 90ºC, respectivamente. Esto es debidoa queel procesode precipitación es función de la concentración, lo que significa un desplazamiento de la constante de equilibrio, que permitela sobresaturación. El efecto de la temperatura afecta la cinética de la reacción, aumentando el proceso de precipitación, porque se aceleran los choques molecularesy, con esto, se aumenta la constante cinética. La aplicación de presión externaprovocael mismo resultado.Un ejemplo clarodeelloesla precipitaciónde, jarosita,cuya formaciónnoes posible en condiciones normales, por lo que es necesaria la aplicación de estas variables. The precipitate formation procedure includes a certain pressure and temperature value, which are in a range of 1 to 10 bar and 0 to 90 ° C, respectively. This is due to the fact that the precipitation process is a function of concentration, which means a shift in the equilibrium constant, which allows supersaturation. The effect of temperature affects the kinetics of the reaction, increasing the precipitation process, because molecular shocks are accelerated and, with this, the kinetic constant is increased. The application of external pressure causes the same result. A clear example of this is the precipitation of jarosite, whose formation is not possible under normal conditions, so the application of these variables is necessary.
Breve descripción de las figuras Brief description of the fi gures
La figura1muestra los componentesdelainvenciónysus conexiones entre sí. Figure 1 shows the components of the invention and their connections to each other.
Descripción detalladadelainvención Detailed description of the invention
El proceso se realiza en una sola etapa, en un dispositivo formado por un reactor (1) que contiene un par de electrodos(2y3) conectados a una fuentede podere inducción magnética (4),y un segundo parde electrodos(5 y6) conectados a un generadorde frecuencia (7).También ingresaal reactor una corrientede aire fotonizadoque contiene ozonoyradicales libresoxidantes,provenientedeunabombadeaire(9)quehace circularaireatravésde un generador de fotones (10). Además, un elemento conductor (11) en forma de espiral rodea el reactor por fuera, por el cual circula una corriente que genera campos magnéticos específicos. Dicho elemento se encuentra conectado a una fuentedepodere inducción magnética(4)que generala corriente.Todose mantieneen agitaciónconunagitador mecánicoo magnético(8),y seagregaunreactivoquímicoqueaportelosionesquenoestén presentesenellíquido ysean necesarios para completar los complejos insolubles deseados. En la mayoría de los casos son deficitarios los iones calcio e hidroxilo, por lo que se usa preferentemente cal como reactivo único. The process is carried out in a single stage, in a device formed by a reactor (1) that contains a pair of electrodes (2 and 3) connected to a source of magnetic induction (4), and a second pair of electrodes (5 and 6) connected to a frequency generator (7) .A stream of photonized air that contains ozone and oxidant-free radicals, coming from a battery chamber (9) that circulates through a photon generator (10), also enters the reactor. In addition, a spiral-shaped conductive element (11) surrounds the reactor on the outside, through which a current circulates that generates specific magnetic fields. Said element is connected to a source of magnetic induction (4) that generates the current. All are maintained under agitation with a mechanical or magnetic stirrer (8), and a chemical active agent is added that supports the joints that are not present in the liquid and are necessary to complete the desired insoluble complexes. In most cases calcium and hydroxyl ions are de fi cient, so lime is preferably used as a single reagent.
Ejemplo1 Example 1
Si tomamos como ejemplo el caso de aplicación del proceso para desalinización de agua de mar, el mecanismo utilizado es el siguiente: If we take as an example the case of application of the seawater desalination process, the mechanism used is as follows:
En primer lugar se aplica una mezcla de aire que pasa por fotonesyéste se aplica directamente sobre el agua de mar. Las reacciones que se forman son: First of all a mixture of air that passes through photones is applied and is applied directly on the sea water. The reactions that are formed are:
Se aplica la reacción anterior hasta que el pH > 9.8 unidades. El campo eléctrico se aplica a través de electrodos de aluminio provocando una segunda reacción electrolítica que es: The above reaction is applied until the pH> 9.8 units. The electric field is applied through aluminum electrodes causing a second electrolytic reaction that is:
El aluminio reacciona con los ionesOHyformanla primera nucleación basada enlasiguiente reacción: Aluminum reacts with the ions and forms the first nucleation based on the subsequent reaction:
Una vez formados los núcleos de hidróxido de aluminio, se dosifica hidróxido de calcioy se aplica una radio frecuencia,cuya longituddeondade1,8MHz,y se forma entoncesla siguiente reacciónde precipitacióndesulfato, clorurosyfosfatos: Once the aluminum hydroxide cores are formed, calcium hydroxide is dosed and a radio frequency is applied, the length of which is 1.8MHz, and the following reaction of precipitation of sulfate, chlorides and phosphates is formed:
En forma alternativa, se puede formar cobre iónico al aplicar en forma paralela a la formación de aluminio iónico en un par de electrodos de cobre para formar primeramente la reacción: Alternatively, ionic copper can be formed by applying parallel to the formation of ionic aluminum on a pair of copper electrodes to first form the reaction:
Se capta del medio el nitrato en base a las reacciones que son: Nitrate is collected from the medium based on the reactions that are:
Con estoy enel medio anteriorde radio frecuenciaycampo se formala reacción: With this I am in the previous medium of radio frequency and field the reaction is formed:
Se ha precipitado entonces cloruros, sulfatos, fosfatos y nitratos. La remoción de aniones lleva consigo la remoción de aluminio, cobre y calcio. Cada precipitado formado tiene una gran capacidad de adsorción de metales pesados. Chlorides, sulfates, phosphates and nitrates have been precipitated. Anion removal involves the removal of aluminum, copper and calcium. Each precipitate formed has a high adsorption capacity of heavy metals.
Estos insolublesformados generalmente son microprecipitadosque requieren crecimiento.Parafavorecerel crecimiento se provoca una floculación agregando polímeroydespués se separa por decantaciónyposteriormentepor filtración. These insoluble forms are generally microprecipitates that require growth. To promote growth, a flocculation is caused by adding polymer and then separated by decantation and subsequently by filtration.
La tabla siguiente nos muestralas condicionesde operaciónydosificaciónenlaquese desarrollólaexperiencia con aguade marde San Antonio,VRegión. The following table shows the operating conditions and dosi fi cation in which the experience with water from San Antonio, V Region was developed.
La siguiente tabla nos muestra las eficiencias alcanzada al remover las sales del agua de mar. En la tabla se presenta la columna cruda, que indica la calidad de agua de mar. La columna tratada nos indica el valor alcanzado después de flocularyfiltrar en arenay carbón.La columna%de remoción nos muestralavalidezobtenida. The following table shows the efficiency achieved by removing salts from seawater. The table shows the raw column, which indicates the quality of seawater. The treated column indicates the value reached after fl oculating and fi ltering in sand and coal. The% removal column shows us the validity obtained.
Ejemplo2 Otro ejemplode aplicaciónde precipitaciónde sales, esla insolubilizaciónde sulfatosde aguas mineras. Para esto se ocupó una muestra de agua de mina de Collahuasi con un contenido inicial de 5.200 mg/L de sulfatos. El complejo utilizado fue la precipitación como jarosita de sodio. Example 2 Another example of the application of precipitation of salts is the insolubilization of sulfates from mining waters. A sample of Collahuasi mine water with an initial content of 5,200 mg / L sulfates was used for this. The complex used was precipitation as sodium jarosite.
El elementoMpodrá ser sodioo potasio.Para esto se utilizóel siguiente mecanismo. The element may be sodium or potassium. The following mechanism was used for this.
En primer lugar se aplica una mezcla de aire que pasa por fotonesyéste se aplica directamente sobre el agua de mar. Las reacciones que seforman son: First of all a mixture of air that passes through photones is applied and is applied directly on the sea water. The reactions that form are:
Se aplica la reacción anterior hasta que el pH > 9,8 unidades. El campo eléctrico se aplica a través de electrodos de aluminio provocando una segunda reacción electrolítica que es: The above reaction is applied until the pH> 9.8 units. The electric field is applied through aluminum electrodes causing a second electrolytic reaction that is:
El aluminio reacciona con los ionesOHyformanla primera nucleación basada enlasiguiente reacción: Aluminum reacts with the ions and forms the first nucleation based on the subsequent reaction:
Enel equilibriose forma unos núcleosde hidróxidode aluminioyluegoenel medio con radio frecuenciaycampo eléctrico precipita como jarosita. In the equilibrium, aluminum hydroxide cores are formed and then in the middle with radio frequency and electric field precipitates like jarosite.
Las condiciones de operación son: The operating conditions are:
Los resultados obtenidos son: The results obtained are:
De esta forma se pueden configurar distintos elementos insolubles con los cuales se puede reducir sales. In this way, different insoluble elements can be con fi gured with which salts can be reduced.
Claims (9)
- 2. 2.
- Dispositivo para la formación de compuestos químicos insolubles, caracterizado porque la fuente de poder e inducción magnética (4) genera la aplicación de un voltaje de corriente continua ultra filtrada, con una geometría variablede ondastipo sinusoidal,pulso amortiguadodientede sierra,pulsodeonda cuadradaydeuna aplicaciónde señal onda electromagnética del espectrode radio, aplicadosa travésde paresde electrodos, que, en su conjuntoó individualmente, logran potenciar las reacciones de precipitación, donde estos electrodos se encuentran contenidos en un dispositivo que los conectaa generadoresde campo eléctricoymagnéticoygeneradoresde frecuencia. Device for the formation of insoluble chemical compounds, characterized in that the source of power and magnetic induction (4) generates the application of an ultrafiltered direct current voltage, with a variable geometry of sinusoidal wave type, dampened sawtooth pulse, square wave pulse and an electromagnetic wave signal application of the radio spectrum, applied through pairs of electrodes, which, as a whole individually, manage to potentiate precipitation reactions, where these electrodes are contained in a device that connects them with electric field generators and magnetic generators and frequency generators.
- 3. 3.
- Dispositivo parala formaciónde compuestos químicos insolubles,de acuerdoa reivindicación1 caracterizado porquelas reaccionesquese producen dentrodel reactor(1) ocurren dentrodeun rangocompletodela escaladepH, preferentemente entrepH4ypH12, dependientedela constantede equilibrio,seguidade una etapade coagulación isocinética, asistida eléctricamente, de las partículas precipitadas. Device for the formation of insoluble chemical compounds, according to claim 1 characterized in that the reactions that occur within the reactor (1) occur within a full range of the H-scale, preferably between H4 and H12, dependent on the constant equilibrium, followed by an electrically assisted isokinetic coagulation stage of the precipitated particles.
- 4. Four.
- Dispositivo parala formaciónde compuestos químicos insolubles,de acuerdoa reivindicación1 caracterizado porque losvoltajes aplicados correspondeacampos eléctricosymagnéticos convoltajeentre1y100Voltseintensidad de corriente entre10mAy3A. Device for the formation of insoluble chemical compounds, according to claim 1, characterized in that the applied voltages correspond to electric and magnetic fields between 1 and 100 volt current intensity between 10mA and 3A.
- 5. 5.
- Dispositivo parala formaciónde compuestos químicos insolubles,de acuerdoa reivindicación1 caracterizado porquelos campos eléctricosymagnéticosy/o frecuenciasse trasmitenatravésde distintostiposde paresde electrodos, que están construidos de uno de los siguientes elementos: plomo, platino, aluminio, cobre, carbón, oro, estaño, zinc, hierro, titanio, boro, níquel, diamante; este primer electrodo funcionando en par con otro electrodo del mismo elemento, con otros electrodos señalados anteriormenteóaleaciones entre cualquierade ellos. Device for the formation of insoluble chemical compounds, according to claim 1 characterized in that the electric and magnetic fields and / or frequencies are transmitted through different types of electrode pairs, which are constructed of one of the following elements: lead, platinum, aluminum, copper, gold, tin, zinc, iron, titanium, boron, nickel, diamond; this first electrode operating in pair with another electrode of the same element, with other electrodes indicated above alloys between any of them.
- 6. 6.
- Dispositivo parala formaciónde compuestos químicos insolubles,de acuerdoa reivindicación1 caracterizado por la realización de todos los procesos en el interior del reactor (1) se encuentran en un rango de temperaturas entre 0y90ºCyen un rangode presión entre1 a10 bar. Device for the formation of insoluble chemical compounds, according to claim 1 characterized by the performance of all processes inside the reactor (1) are in a temperature range between 0 and 90 ° C in a pressure range between 1 to 10 bar.
- Categoría Category
- Documentos citados Reivindicaciones afectadas Documents cited Claims Affected
- A TO
- US 5679257 A (TOWLES JOHN T) 21.10.1997, columna 5, línea 17 – columna 6, línea 34; 1-7 US 5679257 A (TOWLES JOHN T) 21.10.1997, column 5, line 17 - column 6, line 34; 1-7
- columna 7, línea 6 – columna 17, línea 37. column 7, line 6 - column 17, line 37.
- A TO
- EP 1496018 A1 (DMITRIEV VIKTOR VLADIMIROVICH; ABROSIMOV MIKHAIL VIKTOROVICH) 1-7 EP 1496018 A1 (DMITRIEV VIKTOR VLADIMIROVICH; ABROSIMOV MIKHAIL VIKTOROVICH) 1-7
- 12.01.2005, párrafos [23-54]. 12.01.2005, paragraphs [23-54].
- A TO
- US 2007131621 A1 (DENTON MARK S) 14.06.2007, párrafos [55-66]. 1-7 US 2007131621 A1 (DENTON MARK S) 14.06.2007, paragraphs [55-66]. 1-7
- A TO
- WO 2007129920 A2 (WICHMAN ALAN TEEHU) 15.11.2007, página 11, línea 4 – página 36, 1-7 WO 2007129920 A2 (WICHMAN ALAN TEEHU) 15.11.2007, page 11, line 4 - page 36, 1-7
- línea 6. line 6.
- A TO
- WO 2006121348 A2 (WICHMAN ALAN TEEHU) 16.11.2006, párrafos [66-96]. 1-7 WO 2006121348 A2 (WICHMAN ALAN TEEHU) 16.11.2006, paragraphs [66-96]. 1-7
- Categoría de los documentos citados X: de particular relevancia Y: de particular relevancia combinado con otro/s de la misma categoría A: refleja el estado de la técnica O: referido a divulgación no escrita P: publicado entre la fecha de prioridad y la de presentación de la solicitud E: documento anterior, pero publicado después de la fecha de presentación de la solicitud Category of the documents cited X: of particular relevance Y: of particular relevance combined with other / s of the same category A: reflects the state of the art O: refers to unwritten disclosure P: published between the priority date and the date of priority submission of the application E: previous document, but published after the date of submission of the application
- El presente informe ha sido realizado • para todas las reivindicaciones □ para las reivindicaciones nº: This report has been prepared • for all claims □ for claims no:
- Fecha de realización del informe 11.01.2011 Date of realization of the report 11.01.2011
- Examinador M. García González Página 1/4 Examiner M. García González Page 1/4
- Novedad (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986) Novelty (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986)
- Reivindicaciones Reivindicaciones 1-7 SI NO Claims Claims 1-7 IF NOT
- Actividad inventiva (Art. 8.1 LP11/1986) Inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986)
- Reivindicaciones Reivindicaciones 1-7 SI NO Claims Claims 1-7 IF NOT
- Documento Document
- Número Publicación o Identificación Fecha Publicación Publication or Identification Number publication date
- D01 D01
- US 5679257 (TOWLES JOHN T) 21.10.1997 US 5679257 (TOWLES JOHN T) 21.10.1997
- D02 D02
- EP 1496018 (DMITRIEV VIKTOR VLADIMIROVICH; BROSIMOV MIKHAIL VIKTOROVICH) 12.01.2005 EP 1496018 (DMITRIEV VIKTOR VLADIMIROVICH; BROSIMOV MIKHAIL VIKTOROVICH) 12.01.2005
- D03 D03
- US 2007131621 (DENTON MARK S) 14.06.2007 US 2007131621 (DENTON MARK S) 06/14/2007
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