ES2347741A1 - Refrigeration system and construction insulation. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Refrigeration system and construction insulation. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2347741A1
ES2347741A1 ES200703125A ES200703125A ES2347741A1 ES 2347741 A1 ES2347741 A1 ES 2347741A1 ES 200703125 A ES200703125 A ES 200703125A ES 200703125 A ES200703125 A ES 200703125A ES 2347741 A1 ES2347741 A1 ES 2347741A1
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insulation
cooling
water
projected
flakes
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ES2347741B1 (en
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Jose Enrique Greus Greus
Jose Maria Moreno Siles
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/16Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/17Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0035Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using evaporation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/272Solar heating or cooling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20Solar thermal
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/20Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications using renewable energy

Abstract

It consists in obtaining refrigeration and insulation, for domestic and industrial use, using a projected cell mass, low thermal conductivity on different types of supports and surfaces, the energy of the sun (7), wind (8) and a minimum of resources. And mechanical and electronic elements (4), (5), (6). Cooling is obtained by controlled cycles of wetting and evaporation of water, in the cell mass projected on different types of surfaces (1), the back of said surfaces, by convection absorb the latent heat (2) and expel it to the outside (3). The thermal insulation of the surfaces is produced by the low coefficient of thermal conductivity k of the projected cell mass. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Sistema de refrigeración y aislamiento de construcciones.Cooling and insulation system buildings.

La presente invención se refiere a un sistema de refrigeración y aislamiento térmico, gracias al cual se consiguen notables mejoras en relación a los actuales sistemas de refrigeración conocidos hasta ahora, cuyas mejoras afectan a la reducción del consumo eléctrico, y también a la calidad del aire de los espacios refrigerados de uso humano.The present invention relates to a system of cooling and thermal insulation, thanks to which they are achieved notable improvements in relation to the current systems of known refrigeration so far, whose improvements affect the reduction of electricity consumption, and also the air quality of Refrigerated spaces for human use.

Antecedentes de la invenciónBackground of the invention

Son conocidos los sistemas de refrigeración domésticos e industriales y su elevado consumo eléctrico, además afectan a la calidad del aire debido a que modifican su humedad relativa, es sabido que muchas personas no toleran bien su estancia en zonas refrigeradas. El aislamiento térmico y acústico en la construcción para uso humano es un elemento muy importante, y en muchas ocasiones complejo en su realización. Para evitar algunos inconvenientes de este tipo de refrigeración y aislamiento se ha realizado la presente invención, las características fundamentales del sistema son las siguientes: Masa celular proyectable de bajo coeficiente de conductividad térmica k, Consumo eléctrico en modo refrigeración bajo y sostenible con posibilidad de ser alimentado por energía solar fotovoltaica, y la no alteración de la humedad relativa del aire en las estancias o recintos refrigerados por el sistema de refrigeración y aislamiento.Cooling systems are known domestic and industrial and its high electricity consumption, in addition affect air quality because they modify its humidity relative, it is known that many people do not tolerate their stay well in refrigerated areas. Thermal and acoustic insulation in the construction for human use is a very important element, and in Many complex occasions in its realization. To avoid some disadvantages of this type of cooling and insulation has been Realized the present invention, the fundamental characteristics of the system are the following: Low projected cell mass coefficient of thermal conductivity k, electrical consumption in mode low and sustainable refrigeration with the possibility of being fed by photovoltaic solar energy, and the non-alteration of humidity relative air in the rooms or rooms cooled by the cooling and insulation system.

Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention

El sistema de refrigeración y aislamiento de construcciones es sostenible por su bajo consumo eléctrico, y esta basado en los siguientes criterios: Proyección sobre distintas superficies y soportes de una masa celular de baja conductibilidad térmica k, de naturaleza por si aislante. Refrigeración por evaporación de agua, reflexión de la luz solar, para ello intervienen los siguientes elementos: Una serie de capas de masa celular preferiblemente de color blanco, son proyectadas sobre una determinada superficie a refrigerar o aislar, como por ejemplo tejados de chapa o fíbrocemento en naves industriales, granjas, casas u otro soporte o superficie.The cooling and insulation system of constructions is sustainable due to its low power consumption, and this based on the following criteria: Projection on different surfaces and supports of a low conductivity cell mass thermal k, insulating in nature. Cooling by water evaporation, sunlight reflection, for it The following elements are involved: A series of layers of dough preferably white cell, are projected on a certain surface to be cooled or insulated, such as roofs of sheet metal or fibrement in industrial buildings, farms, houses or other support or surface.

La proyección se realiza en finas capas a intervalos de tiempo entre capa y capa para no deformar la estructura de las anteriores, el intervalo de tiempo entre capa y capa es variable dependiendo del secado de la anterior, a modo de ejemplo un tejado de nave industrial en verano a pleno sol 30-40 minutos entre capas es suficiente, la proyección de la masa celular se realiza por aire a presión generándose pequeños copos independientes en cada capa. El espesor en milímetros obtenido por la proyección de múltiples capas da lugar a una formación estructural de pequeños copos irregulares unidos entre si de forma caótica, por consiguiente la estructura resulta doblemente porosa, primero por que cada copo proyectado, por la propia naturaleza de la masa celular que lo compone y su dimensión, resulta muy absorbente.The projection is done in thin layers to time intervals between layers to avoid deforming the structure of the above, the time interval between layer and layer is variable depending on the drying of the previous one, by way of example a roof of industrial building in summer in full sun 30-40 minutes between layers is enough, the Projection of cell mass is done by pressurized air generating small independent flakes in each layer. The spesor in millimeters obtained by the multilayer projection results in to a structural formation of small irregular flakes attached each other chaotically, therefore the structure is doubly porous, first because each flake projected, by the own nature of the cellular mass that composes it and its dimension, It is very absorbent.

Y en segundo lugar por que se generan muchos huecos por la unión caótica entre copos. Si la masa celular proyectada esta expuesta a la radiación solar, preferiblemente debe ser de color blanco, de esta forma se consigue una reflexión difusa de aproximadamente 70%. La formación celular descrita resulta muy absorbente, en 2 milímetros de espesor retiene aproximadamente 0'75 litros de agua por metro cuadrado, esta cualidad es determinante para ocluir y posteriormente evaporar el agua. El método de refrigeración por evaporación esta basado en el cambio de estado liquido a gaseoso en nuestro caso agua. Es sabido que un litro de agua evaporada produce aproximadamente 540 K. frigorías. La evaporación del agua retenida, se produce por la aceleración a la que se ven sometidos los átomos por el calor latente en la base o soporte proyectada, dicha aceleración es transmitida al agua y esta se ve forzada a la evaporación, de este modo ralentiza la velocidad de los átomos y por tanto se produce la refrigeración del soporte proyectado y por convección del aire ascendente en el interior, la refrigeración se transmite al entorno. El sistema de refrigeración y aislamiento de construcciones descrito alcanza rendimientos por metro cuadrado de entre el 20 y el 70%, dependiendo de la humedad relativa del aire, velocidad del viento y radiación solar. A modo de ejemplo, una nave industrial de 100 metros cuadrados que a la que se le ha aplicado en su cubierta de chapa el sistema de refrigeración y aislamiento de construcciones y con una pared y tejado expuestos al sol, una humedad relativa del 20%, una temperatura exterior de 45 grados centígrados y una velocidad del viento de 10 Km. Hora, la temperatura interior oscila entre los 25 y 27 grados centígrados.And secondly because many are generated gaps by the chaotic union between flakes. If the cell mass projected is exposed to solar radiation, preferably should be white, this way you get a diffuse reflection of about 70%. The described cell formation is very absorbent, in 2 millimeters thick retains approximately 0.75 liters of water per square meter, this quality is decisive to occlude and subsequently evaporate the water. The method of evaporation cooling is based on the change of state gaseous liquid in our case water. It is known that a liter of evaporated water produces approximately 540 K. refrigerators. The evaporation of retained water, is produced by acceleration to the that atoms are subjected by latent heat at the base or projected support, said acceleration is transmitted to the water and this It is forced to evaporate, thus slowing down the speed of the atoms and therefore the cooling of the support occurs projected and by convection of the ascending air inside, the Refrigeration is transmitted to the environment. The cooling system and construction insulation described reaches yields by square meter between 20 and 70%, depending on the humidity relative air, wind speed and solar radiation. By way of an example, an industrial building of 100 square meters that the cooling system has been applied to its sheet metal cover and insulation of buildings and with a wall and roof exposed to sun, a relative humidity of 20%, an outside temperature of 45 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 10 km. Hour, the indoor temperature ranges between 25 and 27 degrees centigrade

El sistema de refrigeración y aislamiento de construcciones para su funcionamiento cuenta con una red de goteo o aspersión que es accionado por una electro-válvula, dependiente de un circuito de control de humedad, el cual se encarga de mantener de forma automática una pre-determinada humedad en la masa celular. Los dispositivos de goteo o aspersión, electro-válvulas y control de humedad, son comúnmente conocidos y existe una amplia variedad para cada tipo de requerimiento.The cooling and insulation system of constructions for its operation has a drip net or spray that is actuated by an electro-valve, dependent on a humidity control circuit, which handles to automatically maintain a pre-determined moisture in the cell mass. Drip or spray devices, electro-valves and humidity control, are commonly known and there is a wide variety for each type of request.

Breve descripción de los dibujosBrief description of the drawings

Para la mejor comprensión de cuanto queda descrito en la presente memoria, se acompañan unos dibujos en los que, tan solo a titulo de ejemplo, representan al sistema de refrigeración y aislamiento de construcciones. En dichos dibujos la figura 1 es una vista gráfica del sistema y la figura 2 corresponde a una realización práctica.For the best understanding of how much is left described herein, some drawings are attached in the which, by way of example only, represent the system of building cooling and insulation. In these drawings the Figure 1 is a graphical view of the system and Figure 2 corresponds to a practical realization.

Descripción de una realización preferidaDescription of a preferred embodiment

La realización a la que hace referencia la ilustración de la pagina 8 figura 2, corresponde a una aplicación practica del sistema de refrigeración y aislamiento de construcciones motivo de la invención, la cual pasamos a describir: Se trata de refrigerar el interior de una nave industrial, para ello se a proyectado en la cubierta o tejado la masa celular de color blanco (1), además se a instalado en la cubierta un aspersor de agua (4) mas un sensor o detector de humedad, ambos dispositivos se han conectado a la caja de de control (6). El sistema para su funcionamiento requiere de una toma de agua (5) y un punto de luz para su conexión a la caja de control. Una vez descritos y enumerados los elementos que componen esta instalación de refrigeración, pasamos a describir su funcionamiento practico: La puesta en marcha se realiza mediante el interruptor situado en la caja de control (6) una vez puesto en posición de marcha, da comienzo el funcionamiento del sistema de refrigeración y aislamiento de construcciones. Si el detector de humedad detecta falta de la misma, la electro-válvula situada en la caja de control (6) abre su paso de agua hacia el aspersor (4) el cual se encarga de humedecer la cubierta (1), hasta que nuevamente el detector de humedad pre-programado, y ordene el cierre de la electro-válvula. Una vez humedecida la cubierta da comienzo la evaporación, por efecto del calor latente (2) del interior de la nave, la radiación solar (7), velocidad del viento (8) y grado de humedad relativa. De esta forma por convección se extrae el exceso de calor del interior de la nave. Si lo que se desea es tener aislamiento térmico en la cubierta o tejado, se procede a situar el interruptor en posición de paro de esta forma la masa proyectada por su estructura, densidad y bajo coeficiente de transmisión térmica k hace las veces de aislante térmico.The embodiment referred to in the illustration on page 8 figure 2, corresponds to an application practice of the cooling and insulation system of constructions motive of the invention, which we will describe: It is about cooling the interior of an industrial building, for this the colored cell mass has been projected on the roof or roof white (1), a water sprinkler is also installed on the deck (4) plus a humidity sensor or detector, both devices have connected to the control box (6). The system for your operation requires a water outlet (5) and a light point for connection to the control box. Once described and listed the elements that make up this installation of refrigeration, we will describe its practical operation: commissioning is done by the switch located in the control box (6) once placed in running position, gives start the operation of the cooling system and building insulation. If the humidity detector detects lack thereof, the electro-valve located in the control box (6) opens its water passage to the sprinkler (4) the which is responsible for moistening the cover (1), until again the pre-programmed humidity detector, and order the closing of the electrovalve. Once moistened the cover starts evaporation, due to latent heat (2) of the interior of the ship, solar radiation (7), speed of wind (8) and relative humidity. In this way by convection excess heat is removed from inside the ship. Yes what I know you want to have thermal insulation on the roof or roof, it proceeds to place the switch in the stop position in this way the projected mass due to its structure, density and low coefficient of Thermal transmission k acts as thermal insulator.

Claims (2)

1. Sistema de refrigeración y aislamiento de construcciones, caracterizado por ser capaz de producir refrigeración y aislamiento en los soportes donde es aplicado, el sistema esta basado en los siguientes principios: reflexión de la luz, por ser de color blanco, aislante por estar formado por múltiples capas de pequeños copos de cemento celular blanco, producidos por la mezcla y batido de cemento, agua y agentes tensoactivos, que bombeados y conducidos por manguera hasta la boquilla de proyección, la cual por soplado de aire, rompe la masa micro aireada, produciendo esta rotura la formación de copos de cemento micro aireado que son proyectadas con intervalos de tiempo para conseguir una unión entre si por pequeños puntos, de esta forma la transmisión cinética de la energía solar es baja por contener huecos entre las uniones de los copos, la refrigeración se produce al humedecer con agua u otro liquido refrigerante el soporte donde se a realizado la aplicación. El sistema de humectación puede variar dependiendo del soporte, tamaño y uso que se de al sistema de refrigeración y aislamiento de construcciones, se puede realizar con mini aspersores, difusores, nebulizadores y mechas de fibra de absorción capilar de agua en contacto con la masa proyectada, y su posterior evaporación por la acción del viento, sol o ventilación mecánica. La formación celular resultante por sus miles de huecos es capaz de absorber y retener agua por el efecto capilar de los huecos y la estructura celular de los copos.1. Construction cooling and insulation system, characterized by being able to produce cooling and insulation on the supports where it is applied, the system is based on the following principles: light reflection, being white, insulating for being formed by multiple layers of small white cellular cement flakes, produced by the mixing and beating of cement, water and surface active agents, which are pumped and driven by hose to the projection nozzle, which by blowing air, breaks the micro aerated mass, producing this breakage the formation of micro-aerated cement flakes that are projected with time intervals to achieve a union with each other by small points, in this way the kinetic transmission of solar energy is low because it contains holes between the junctions of the flakes, The cooling occurs when the support where the application was made is moistened with water or other coolant. The humidification system can vary depending on the support, size and use that is given to the building cooling and insulation system, it can be done with mini sprinklers, diffusers, nebulizers and wicks of water capillary absorption fiber in contact with the projected mass , and its subsequent evaporation by the action of wind, sun or mechanical ventilation. The resulting cell formation due to its thousands of holes is able to absorb and retain water due to the capillary effect of the holes and the cellular structure of the flakes. La base de la composición es: cemento, agua, y tensoactivos espumantes.The basis of the composition is: cement, water, and foaming surfactants. 2. Procedimiento de formación del sistema de refrigeración y aislamiento de construcciones caracterizado por la proyección de la masa en el soporte a intervalos de tiempo suficiente, para que cada capa no deforme la anterior, esto se hace en ciclos repetidos. El numero de capas oscila entre cuatro y diez, gracias a este procedimiento de formación el sistema se puede aplicar a distintos soportes tanto en vertical como en horizontal, y sobre diversos materiales, paredes, cerámica, chapa entre otros, en caso de no ser compatible la adherencia del soporte a aplicar se aplica previamente una imprimación de resinas o caucho con arenado. Entre otros usos prácticos el sistema se aplica para techos de casas, naves comerciales e industriales, casetas de obra, contenedores.2. Procedure of formation of the system of refrigeration and insulation of constructions characterized by the projection of the mass in the support at sufficient time intervals, so that each layer does not deform the previous one, this is done in repeated cycles. The number of layers ranges between four and ten, thanks to this training procedure the system can be applied to different supports both vertically and horizontally, and on various materials, walls, ceramics, sheet metal among others, in case it is not compatible The adhesion of the support to be applied is previously applied with a primer of resins or rubber with sandblasting. Among other practical uses, the system is applied to roofs of houses, commercial and industrial buildings, construction booths, containers.
ES200703125A 2007-11-15 2007-11-15 COOLING AND INSULATION SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTIONS. Expired - Fee Related ES2347741B1 (en)

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ES2364739A1 (en) * 2011-05-30 2011-09-13 Palacios Y Calero, S.L. Method of obtaining a mixture for walls and cellular ceilings and machine for the putting into practice of the same. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
US20120174606A1 (en) * 2011-01-12 2012-07-12 Lothar Budike Building heat load reduction method and apparatus
CN110565880A (en) * 2019-08-19 2019-12-13 中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 Cooling integration roof boarding reaches cooling integration roof including it

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120174606A1 (en) * 2011-01-12 2012-07-12 Lothar Budike Building heat load reduction method and apparatus
ES2364739A1 (en) * 2011-05-30 2011-09-13 Palacios Y Calero, S.L. Method of obtaining a mixture for walls and cellular ceilings and machine for the putting into practice of the same. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
CN110565880A (en) * 2019-08-19 2019-12-13 中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 Cooling integration roof boarding reaches cooling integration roof including it

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