ES2342519A1 - Elimination of the emissions of co2 to the atmosphere, coming from the lacombustion of the fossil energies to fight the climatic change. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

I deposit marine water (2), deposit ammonia -nh 3 - (3) and deposit absorption (4). Absorption tank (4) absorbs ammonia nh 3 (3) and seawater (2), which we insert in reactor (6). Fumes cooled tank (5) are introduced reactor (6) produces instant reaction in contact with seawater solution and ammonia and precipitates sodium bicarbonate nahco 3 , powder. Ammonium chloride solution nh 4 cl passes reverse osmosis installation (7) for concentration, produces desalinated water that goes to the tank (11) and concentrates passes through the nebulization chamber (8) and evaporates water is collected in condenser ( 10) goes to the tank (11). Nh 4 cl crystallized by nebulization goes to reactor, and decomposes by heat (9) in hydrochloric acid, gas and ammonia gas. Hydrochloric acid more dense than air is collected lower reactor thermal decomposition (9). Ammonia, less dense top thermal decomposition reactor is collected (9) channeling it to ammonia deposit (3). Desalinated water deposit (11) evacuated to the sea. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Elimination of CO2 emissions at atmosphere, coming from the combustion of fossil energies to Fight climate change.

Background of the invention

The major concern of emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere and the entry into force of protocols, such as that of Kyoto, as well as government measures in the matter aimed at penalizing those companies that emit more CO_ {2} to the atmosphere, justifies the initiative of any invention that is capable of fixing the CO2 produced industrially.

In this sense, Spain has tried to comply the Kyoto protocol agreements, seeking a balance with You are looking to not reduce the increase in economic indicators. However, given the high rates of CO2 emissions that presents our country in recent years, the situation will have to change, so you will have to look for alternatives to the current industrial production and look for methods to get fixed the carbon dioxide produced.

It is within this reality, where the present invention, that through a process of chemical reactions, it achieves the fixation of the CO2 emissions that are emitted to the atmosphere, mainly produced by thermoelectric plants and in general the CO2 emissions produced by any industrial process, so that the current systems of energy production and other industrial activities are not seen affected.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is to eliminate the CO_ {2} from the emission of smoke from any process of combustion of fossil energies, starting from a reaction process Chemistry carried out with sodium chloride -NaCl- contained in water from the sea and ammonia NH 3. The process for the elimination of CO 2, which as we have indicated is the object of this invention, is performed by using sodium chloride -NaCl- content in seawater and ammonia -NH3 -, and are obtained at the end of same as by-products, sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3 - and acid hydrochloric -HCl-, reusing ammonia -NH3 - present in the reaction. Thus, the environmental, economic and Social invention is beyond doubt. It contributes to eliminate CO2 emissions to the atmosphere by attenuating effects of climate change.

Description of the invention

Next we make a description succinct of the process for the fixation of CO2 emissions. We start from a smoke outlet of any traditional process of combustion, which we pass through a filter sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3 - and a process of cooling.

We will have a marine water tank, of an ammonia deposit -NH3 - and a deposit of absorption.

Through the absorption tank we proceed to absorb NH3 {3} ammonia and seawater, creating a aqueous stream which we insert into a reactor on the part Tower top. On the other hand the fumes that for the most part they are composed of CO2, since we have previously filtered them and cooled, we insert them in the reactor from the bottom, to that go up the reactor tower and the reaction, which is instantaneous, in its contact with the solution aqueous seawater mixed with ammonia -NH3 -.

With this reaction we can precipitate the sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO_ {3} -, which we will obtain in form of dust at the bottom of the reactor. Then and in a way Simultaneously, we pass the aqueous solution of ammonium chloride -NH_ {Cl}, by a band filter, so that it does not drag traces of sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3 -.

The ammonium chloride solution -NH 4 Cl- we pass it through a reverse osmosis installation to concentrate the ammonium chloride -NH4 Cl- and make it easier then obtain the ammonium chloride -NH4Cl- crystallized. He osmosis process will produce desalinated water, which the we will send to a water tank and then we will pour it to sea.

The aqueous solution of ammonium chloride -NH_ {4} Cl- concentrated we pass it through a chamber of fogging, to evaporate water by evaporation. Steam condensed water, we collect it and take it to the same water tank from reverse osmosis and which is subsequently discharged into sea.

Ammonium Chloride -NH4Cl- solid obtained by fogging, we take it to a reactor of thermal decomposition In it, ammonium chloride -NH4Cl- which we have crystallized form of a fine white powder, it decomposes by heat in hydrochloric acid -HCl- gas and ammonia -NH3 - gas. Hydrochloric acid -HCl- being denser than air, what we will pick up from the bottom of the decomposition reactor thermal, which by pressure can be packaged in containers stainless steel. Ammonia -NH 3 - as it is less dense than we collect the air at the top of the reactor thermal decomposition and we channel it to the deposit of ammonia -NH_ {3} - located at the beginning of the process, in order to return To be used.

Brief statement of the figure

Figure no. 1 and unique, try to represent graphically the process used for smoke removal with a high content of CO2, by fixing them thus avoiding its emission to the atmosphere. Where (1) represents a conventional smoke outlet and whose CO2 emissions are going to be treated with the procedure presented by this invention. The (2) is A reservoir of seawater. The (3) is an ammonia deposit -NH_ {3} -. The (4) represents the absorption tank. The (5) is the CO2 flue tank, cooled as it passes through The different phases of the process. The (6) is the reactor where produces the reaction when mixed, seawater from the deposit (2), ammonia -NH3 -, from deposit (3) and the fumes with CO2 cooled, coming from the tank (5). He reactor has in its lower part an outlet for the evacuation of sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3 - produced in the reaction of the process, and which may be treated for other uses Industrial The (7) is the figure that represents the installation of reverse osmosis to concentrate the aqueous chloride solution of ammonium -NH4Cl- resulting after performing the process within of the reactor (6). The (8) represents the crystallization facility by lateral fogging, where ammonium chloride solidifies -NH_ {Cl}. The (9) is the thermal decomposition reactor. At, the ammonium chloride -NH4Cl- is treated and broken down in two products, both in gaseous form due to the temperature used. One is ammonia -NH_ {3} -, which returns to the circuit until storage in your warehouse (3) and the other product is acid hydrochloric -HCl- which may be subject to packaging for commercialization. The (10) is a condenser that collects the steam after its passage through the crystallization phases by fogging (8) and by the thermal decomposition reactor (9). And finally (11) represents the desalinated water tank from the process of reverse osmosis (7) and water produced in the condensation of condenser (10) and whose final destination is its discharge to the sea.

Description of the embodiment of the invention

Next we describe the process and the form of realization of the invention.

The seawater contained in the tank (2) is together with the ammonia -NH_ {3} - contained in the tank (3), absorbed by the absorption tank (4) and conducted both elements to the reactor (6) where they are introduced by the part Tower top. Simultaneously we bubble cooled CO 2 from the tank (5) to the reactor (6) and we introduce it by the bottom of the tower. By carbonation we are they will transform sulfates into carbonates by precipitating these and a once all the carbonates from the sulfates, upon contact with ammonia -NH3 -, the process proceeds The sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3 - has precipitated. This reaction is spontaneously so as the solution is incorporated water will be produced in real time, precipitating the sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3 - and the salt remaining in solution of ammonium -NH4 Cl-. Sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3 - nos will precipitate in the form of very fine white powder and ammonium chloride -NH4 Cl- will remain in the aqueous solution.

Sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3 - in form solid white powder, we will evacuate it from the reactor (6) lower where it has an outlet.

The volume of the aqueous chloride solution of ammonium -NH4Cl- resulting after performing the process within of the reactor (6), we proceed to concentrate it by the process of reverse osmosis (7) and thus be able to perform crystallization by nebulization (8) of ammonium chloride -NH4 Cl- with more ease.

Desalinated seawater obtained during the Reverse osmosis process (7) is transferred to the deposit of desalinated water (11) where it will later be returned to the sea.

The aqueous solution of ammonium chloride -NH_ {Cl} - from the reverse osmosis process (7) we proceed to crystallization through nebulization (8). The process in itself it consists of the crystallization by nebulization of the solution of ammonium chloride -NH 4 Cl- in a solid material, atomizing it in the form of tiny drops in a drying medium in hot. Water evaporates virtually instantaneously, allowing dissolved ions, in this case the chloride of ammonium -NH4Cl- is deposited in solid form. In this phase of process the nebulizer is powered and thermally heated by the fumes composed basically of CO2, coming from the smoke outlet (1).

Hot gases enter the nebulizer (8) heating the equipment until the working temperature is reached by a heat exchanger. Once this condition has been reached initiates the injection of the ammonium chloride concentrate -NH_ {Cl}, from the reverse osmosis plant (7), to the lateral spray nozzle dividing the drops concentrated. These small drops come in contact with the gases hot producing evaporation and therefore the separation of water of the solid part of the ammonium chloride -NH4Cl- contained in the liquid

Later we transfer the ammonium chloride NH4Cl- in its solid state to a decomposition reactor thermal (9) that carries a heat exchanger in which we will reach the necessary temperature, fed and heated thermally, by fumes with high CO2 content coming from the smoke outlet (1), so that by Thermal decomposition is the following reaction: chloride ammonium -NH 4 Cl-, more heat, decomposes into ammonia -NH 3 - and in hydrochloric acid -HCl-, both in a gaseous state.

This process is because the ammonium salts they are thermally unstable, and when applied heat they decompose and the ammonium chloride -NH4Cl- will dissociate into ammonia -NH 3 - and in hydrochloric acid -HCl-.

The separation process is produced by the difference of densities of the two gases, since the relative density of steam for hydrochloric acid -HCl- is 1.27 g / l and for ammonia -NH 3 - of 0.590 g / l, therefore the ammonia -NH 3 - will rise quickly through the thermal decomposition reactor (9) to the top and we will drive it to the tank (3) to its use again in the circuit. By controlling a pH meter where you will indicate the pH value, as you go ascending the ammonia -NH_ {3} - and go through it, we will have the basic pH values. When they reach neutrality it closes this outlet and a drain valve opens for the acid to escape hydrochloric -HCl- by the bottom of the reactor, since being denser than the air will stay at the bottom of the reactor.

Claims (4)

1. System for the elimination of emissions from CO2 to the atmosphere, from the combustion of fossil energies to combat climate change, consisting of dilute in an absorption tank, ammonia (NH3) with water from sea and introduce carbon dioxide into said absorption tank (CO 2) from a smoke outlet. Since ions dissolved in seawater they are mostly NaCl (common salt) the reaction is: -CO 2 + NH 3 + H 2 O + NaCl - - - - NaHCO 3 + NH 4 Cl. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) precipitates, leaving in the solution ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). 2. System for the elimination of emissions from CO2 to the atmosphere, from the combustion of fossil energies to combat climate change, according to first claim, which consists in concentrating the chloride ammonium (NH4 Cl) by reverse osmosis, prior to fogging Through this the crystallization of the chloride occurs ammonium 3. System for the elimination of emissions from CO2 to the atmosphere, from the combustion of fossil energies to combat climate change according first and second claims, consisting of decomposition chloride of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) in gas phase ammonia and hydrochloric acid in the form of gas. The gas ammonia is collected for Reuse in the initial process. The hydrochloric acid in gas is obtained as a byproduct of the process. 4. System for the elimination of emissions from CO2 to the atmosphere, from the combustion of fossil energies to combat climate change, according to first, second and third claims, consisting of eliminating carbon dioxide (CO2) gas, fixing it as bicarbonate sodium Sodium has been obtained from seawater.