ES2340906B2 - SYSTEM AND METHOD OF LOCALIZATION OF GROUND FAULTS IN WINDINGS OF INDUCED SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES. - Google Patents
SYSTEM AND METHOD OF LOCALIZATION OF GROUND FAULTS IN WINDINGS OF INDUCED SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2340906B2 ES2340906B2 ES200901880A ES200901880A ES2340906B2 ES 2340906 B2 ES2340906 B2 ES 2340906B2 ES 200901880 A ES200901880 A ES 200901880A ES 200901880 A ES200901880 A ES 200901880A ES 2340906 B2 ES2340906 B2 ES 2340906B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010616 electrical installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000819 phase cycle Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Tests Of Circuit Breakers, Generators, And Electric Motors (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
Abstract
Sistema y proceso de localización de faltas a tierra en devanados de inducido de máquinas síncronas.System and process of location of faults to earth in windings of armature of synchronous machines.
Se trata de un sistema que permite localizar las faltas a tierra en estatores de máquinas síncronas sin realizar la extracción del rotor de la máquina y sin dañar el paquete magnético de la misma.It is a system that allows you to locate the ground faults in synchronous machine stators without performing the machine rotor removal and without damaging the magnetic package Of the same.
Comprende:Understands:
- una fuente de tensión alterna (3) con la que se alimenta el devanado de campo o inductor (rotor) de la máquina (1);- a source of alternating voltage (3) with which the field winding or inductor (rotor) of the machine is fed (one);
- un juego de equipos de medida de la tensión que se induce en la fase o rama del devanado con la falta a tierra y en alguna de las fases o ramas sin defecto.- a set of tension measuring equipment which is induced in the phase or branch of the winding with the ground fault and in any of the phases or branches without defect.
- un sistema de cálculo del porcentaje de devanado cortocircuitado, que operará realizando:- a system for calculating the percentage of shorted winding, which will operate by performing:
\bullet Medida de la tensión inducida en la fase o rama del devanado con la falta a tierra.Measurement of the induced voltage in the phase or branch of the winding with the ground fault.
\bullet Medida de la tensión inducida en cualquiera de las fases o ramas sin defecto.Measurement of the induced voltage in any of the phases or branches without defect.
\bullet Cálculo del porcentaje del devanado con defecto a partir de las dos medidas anteriores.Winding percentage calculation with defect from the two previous measures.
Description
Sistema y método de localización de faltas a tierra en devanados de inducido de máquinas síncronas.System and method of location of faults to earth in windings of armature of synchronous machines.
La presente invención permite localizar la posición de un defecto a tierra en el devanado estatórico de una máquina síncrona.The present invention allows locating the position of a ground fault in the static winding of a synchronous machine
Una clara aplicación son los sistemas de generación de energía eléctrica, en los que se utilizan generadores síncronos. Con el sistema objeto de la presente invención se puede localizar el punto del devanado donde se ha producido el cortocircuito a tierra sin necesidad de extraer el rotor de la máquina.A clear application are the systems of electric power generation, in which generators are used synchronous With the system object of the present invention you can locate the point of the winding where the short to ground without removing the rotor from the machine.
Toda instalación eléctrica debe estar dotada de sistemas de protección que la hagan segura ante posibles cortocircuitos y otros defectos que puedan causar daños tanto a las propias instalaciones como a las personas.All electrical installations must be equipped with protection systems that make it safe from possible short circuits and other defects that may cause damage to both Own facilities like people.
En el caso de grupos de generación, dichas protecciones deben, además, garantizar el suministro de energía a la red del modo más fiable posible, tratando de discriminar los niveles de gravedad de las faltas que se produzcan.In the case of generation groups, said protections must also guarantee the supply of energy to the network as reliably as possible, trying to discriminate levels seriousness of faults that occur.
Existen varios métodos de uso común para localizar defectos a tierra en los estatores de las máquinas síncronas. Es práctica habitual que el valor del defecto a tierra sea reducido para no dañar el paquete magnético de la máquina, lo que dificulta la localización, ya que no se aprecia ningún daño a simple vista. Para reparar la avería es necesario en primer lugar localizar el punto exacto del devanado que ha sufrido el defecto.There are several commonly used methods for locate earth defects in machine stators synchronous It is common practice that the value of the ground fault be reduced so as not to damage the magnetic package of the machine, what which makes it difficult to locate, since no damage can be seen simple sight To repair the fault it is necessary first locate the exact point of the winding that has suffered the default.
Para ello, algunos de los métodos más comúnmente utilizados son:To do this, some of the most commonly methods used are:
- \bullet?
- Inyectar una tensión creciente entre la fase con defecto y el paquete magnético, hasta que por efecto de la energía disipada en el cortocircuito se produzca alguna señal, como humo o chispeo, que permita localizar el lugar en el que el devanado está en contacto con paquete magnético. Inject increasing tension between the defective phase and the magnetic package, until effect of the dissipated energy in the short circuit occurs any signal, such as smoke or sparking, that allows you to locate the place where The winding is in contact with magnetic package.
- \bullet?
- Medir el aislamiento de los devanados del estator de la máquina síncrona hasta localizar en cuál de ellos está el cortocircuito. Una vez detectado, se divide el devanado en dos trozos y se vuelve a medir el aislamiento de cada uno de los mismos. Cuando se sabe en cuál de ellos está el defecto, se vuelve a repetir la operación, dividiendo el tramo de nuevo en dos trozos, y midiendo el aislamiento en cada uno. Este proceso se repite tantas veces como sea necesario hasta localizar el punto en el que está el cortocircuito. Measure the insulation of the stator windings of the synchronous machine to locate on which of them is the short circuit. Once detected, the winding into two pieces and the insulation of each One of them. When you know which of them is the defect, the operation is repeated, dividing the section again into two pieces, and measuring the insulation in each one. This process is repeat as many times as necessary until you locate the point in The one with the short circuit.
El método que aquí se presenta, tiene la ventaja de que realiza el proceso de localización del punto de defecto sin necesidad de dañar el hierro de la máquina por un paso excesivo de corriente y sin necesidad de dividir el devanado de la máquina síncrona; no siendo necesaria ni siquiera la extracción del rotor.The method presented here has the advantage that performs the process of locating the defect point without need to damage the iron of the machine by an excessive passage of current and no need to split the machine winding synchronous; not even the extraction of rotor.
La localización del defecto es prácticamente exacta, determinando el punto en la que se ha producido el cortocircuito con un error de posición bajo entorno al 0,5%.The location of the defect is practically exact, determining the point at which the short circuit with a position error under 0.5%.
Además conviene tener en cuenta una serie de patentes relacionadas con la invención:It should also take into account a series of Patents related to the invention:
La patente de invención SU1347113-A, titulada: "Protecting three-phase electric motor from faulty operation modes - by using trips reacting to zero phase-sequence with triple frequency", describe un sistema de detección de faltas a tierra en estatores mediante la medida de una corriente de secuencia cero.The invention patent SU1347113-A, entitled: " Protecting three-phase electric motor from faulty operation modes - by using trips reacting to zero phase-sequence with triple frequency ", describes a system for detecting ground faults in stators by measuring of a zero sequence current.
La patente de invención EP344558-A; CN1038169-A; CH676526-A; US4996486-A; EP344558-A3; EP344558-B1; DE58907060-G; JP3119854-B2, titulada: "Checking of laminated stator assembly for insulation defects - detecting induced voltage amplitude and phase shifts due to current through interlamination short circuit", describe un sistema de detección de faltas a tierra en estatores mediante la comparación de las señales de dos devanados acoplados mecánicamente, el cual permite detectar defectos debidos a puntos calientes, pero no determina su posición.EP344558-A invention patent; CN1038169-A; CH676526-A; US4996486-A; EP344558-A3; EP344558-B1; DE58907060-G; JP3119854-B2, entitled: " Checking of laminated stator assembly for insulation defects - detecting induced voltage amplitude and phase shifts due to current through interlamination short circuit ", describes a ground fault detection system in stators by comparing the signals of two mechanically coupled windings, which allows detecting defects due to hot spots, but does not determine their position.
La invención se refiere a un sistema de localización de faltas a tierra en estatores de máquinas síncronas y a un proceso para localizarlas.The invention relates to a system of ground fault location in synchronous machine stators and to a process to locate them.
La presente invención permite localizar el punto del devanado estatórico donde se ha producido un defecto a tierra en una máquina síncrona. Este método está basado en la inyección de corriente alterna en el devanado inductor (rotor) donde normalmente se inyecta corriente continua. Esta corriente crea un campo magnético fijo en el espacio de amplitud variable en el entrehierro de la máquina. Se inducen por tanto unas tensiones en los devanados de inducido (estator) que dependen de la posición de este campo magnético y por tanto de la posición del rotor. Variando la posición del rotor se puede variar la tensión inducida en los devanados, alcanzando el máximo en una posición determinada. La tensión máxima inducida depende de la intensidad del campo magnético y del número de espiras del devanado. Por comparación de las tensiones máximas en los devanados sanos y devanado con defecto se puede fácilmente calcular el número de espiras entre el defecto y el final del devanado.The present invention allows to locate the point of the static winding where there has been a ground fault in A synchronous machine This method is based on the injection of alternating current in the inductor winding (rotor) where normally DC is injected. This current creates a field magnetic fixed in the space of variable amplitude in the air gap of the machine Tensions are therefore induced in the windings of induced (stator) that depend on the position of this field magnetic and therefore rotor position. Varying position the voltage induced in the windings can be varied from the rotor, reaching the maximum in a certain position. The maximum tension induced depends on the intensity of the magnetic field and the number of windings of the winding. By comparison of the maximum tensions in healthy windings and winding with defect can be easily calculate the number of turns between the defect and the end of winding.
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La Figura 1 muestra un esquema del método de localización de faltas que se describe en la realización de la invención, siendoFigure 1 shows an outline of the method of fault location described in the realization of the invention being
- 1, one,
- el rotor de la máquina síncrona,the rotor of the synchronous machine,
- 2, 2,
- devanado de inducido de la máquina síncrona,armature winding machine synchronous,
- 3, 3,
- fuente de tensión alterna,alternating voltage source,
- 4, 4,
- neutro de la máquina síncrona,synchronous machine neutral,
- 5, 5,
- el cortocircuito fase-tierra,the short phase-earth,
- 6 y 7, 6 and 7,
- medidas de tensiones en fases normalesvoltage measurements in normal phases
- 8, 8,
- medida de tensiones en fase dañada.voltage measurement in damaged phase.
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La Figura 2 muestra un esquema del mismo método, aplicado a máquinas con más de una rama por fase, siendoFigure 2 shows a scheme of the same method, applied to machines with more than one branch per phase, being
- 9, 9,
- puesta a tierra de la rama sana,grounding of the healthy branch,
- 10, 10,
- medida de tensión.tension measurement
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La Figura 3 muestra un esquema alternativo del método de localización utilizando solamente la medida de una fase sana.Figure 3 shows an alternative scheme of location method using only one phase measurement fury.
La Figura 4 muestra un esquema alternativo del método de localización utilizando medidas de la tensión a tierra y entre extremos de la fase con defecto, donde 11 es la medida de tensión entre los extremos del devanado.Figure 4 shows an alternative scheme of location method using earth voltage measurements and between ends of the phase with defect, where 11 is the measure of tension between the ends of the winding.
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El sistema para localizar el punto donde se ha producido el defecto se muestra en la Figura 1.The system to locate the point where it has been produced the defect is shown in Figure 1.
La localización del defecto se realiza a partir de la medida de las tensiones inducidas en las tres fases del estator de la máquina síncrona (6) (7) (8) entre el final del devanado de cada fase y tierra, cuando se inyecta una corriente alterna en el rotor de la máquina (3).The location of the defect is made from of the measurement of the induced voltages in the three phases of the stator of the synchronous machine (6) (7) (8) between the end of the winding of each phase and ground, when a current is injected alternate in the machine rotor (3).
Las tensiones inducidas en las fases sanas tendrán un determinado valor, en función de la mayor o menor corriente que se inyecte en el devanado rotórico, y de la posición relativa entre el campo creado en el rotor y las espiras del estator, mientras que la inducida en la fase cortocircuitada tendrá una amplitud menor, dependiendo del punto donde se ha producido el cortocircuito. A partir del valor de ésta última con respecto a la de las fases sanas, se puede conocer el punto en el que está el defecto.The induced tensions in the healthy phases will have a certain value, depending on the major or minor current that is injected into the rotary winding, and of the position relative between the field created in the rotor and the turns of the stator, while that induced in the short-circuited phase will have a smaller amplitude, depending on the point where the short circuit. From the value of the latter with respect to the of the healthy phases, you can know the point where the default.
Un aspecto a destacar, es que previamente se debe conocer la fase que tiene el defecto, mediante un equipo de medida de aislamiento, lo cual es práctica habitual. Para la localización del defecto se debe desconectar dicha fase del cierre de la estrella del neutro de la máquina síncrona para que no circule corriente por el defecto, evitándose así el posible error de medida que produciría la corriente circulante.One aspect to highlight is that previously you must know the phase that has the defect, through a team of insulation measure, which is usual practice. For the defect location must be disconnected said closing phase of the neutral star of the synchronous machine so that it does not circulate current by default, thus avoiding the possible measurement error that would produce the circulating current.
Otra característica del método de localización es que no influye la resistencia de falta porque no está circulando corriente por la máquina en ningún momento.Another feature of the location method is that the fault resistance does not influence because it is not circulating machine current in no time.
Para ello se procederá de la siguiente manera:To do this, proceed as follows way:
Una vez alcanzado el nivel adecuado de tensión en el rotor, que dependerá del tamaño de la máquina, pero que en cualquier caso será menor que la tensión nominal de excitación, se debe ir girando el rotor hasta encontrar la posición en la que el campo rotórico induce el máximo valor de tensión en una cada una de las fases del estator.Once the appropriate level of tension has been reached in the rotor, which will depend on the size of the machine, but that in In any case, it will be less than the nominal excitation voltage. the rotor must be turned until it finds the position in which the rotary field induces the maximum voltage value in each of Stator phases
Una de las tres tensiones obtenidas deberá ser necesariamente menor que las otras dos (8), puesto que habrá un cierto número de espiras en las que no se está midiendo la tensión inducida, ya que sólo estamos tomando la tensión entre el final del devanado y el punto donde se encuentra el cortocircuito fase-tierra (5).One of the three tensions obtained must be necessarily smaller than the other two (8), since there will be a certain number of turns in which the tension is not being measured induced, since we are only taking the tension between the end of winding and the point where the short circuit is located phase-earth (5).
Se calcula el porcentaje de esa tensión con respecto a la tensión máxima de las otras dos fases sanas (6), (7), y el resultado indicará el porcentaje de devanado que está cortocircuitado. Es decir, el porcentaje de tensión inducida en la fase dañada con respecto a la inducida en las fases sanas, será el mismo que el porcentaje de devanado que está cortocircuitado.The percentage of that tension is calculated with with respect to the maximum tension of the other two healthy phases (6), (7), and the result will indicate the percentage of winding that is shorted. That is, the percentage of induced voltage in the damaged phase with respect to that induced in the healthy phases, will be the same as the percentage of winding that is shorted.
Es importante señalar que el método descrito tiene validez para máquinas cuyo estator esté formado por devanados de una sola rama por fase. En caso de máquinas con dos o más ramas por fase el principio sería similar debiendo separar las ramas de cada fase, tal como se muestra en la figura 2.It is important to note that the method described It is valid for machines whose stator is formed by windings of a single branch per phase. In case of machines with two or more branches by phase the principle would be similar, having to separate the branches of each phase, as shown in figure 2.
La Figura 2 muestra un esquema para máquinas con devanados de varias ramas por fase. Para mayor sencillez, se ha representado una máquina con dos ramas, pero el método es extensible a cualquier número de ramas.Figure 2 shows a scheme for machines with windings of several branches per phase. For simplicity, it has represented a machine with two branches, but the method is extensible to any number of branches.
El método a seguir sería incluso más sencillo, ya que en lugar de medir la tensión inducida en las tres fases, en este caso bastaría con medir la tensión en la rama dañada (8) y la rama sana de la misma fase (10).The method to follow would be even simpler, since instead of measuring the induced voltage in the three phases, in this case would be enough to measure the tension in the damaged branch (8) and the healthy branch of the same phase (10).
En primer lugar, se deben separar las ramas de la fase dañada y poner a tierra el final de la rama que no ha sufrido el cortocircuito.First, the branches of the damaged phase and ground the end of the branch that has not suffered the short circuit.
Los pasos a seguir ahora coinciden con los descritos anteriormente para la figura 1; es decir, se alimenta el rotor con una tensión alterna y se gira el mismo hasta que se induzca la máxima tensión en el estator de la máquina, con la diferencia de que en este caso sólo es necesario medir la tensión en las ramas de la fase con falta.The steps to follow now coincide with the described above for figure 1; that is, the rotor with an alternating voltage and the same is rotated until it induce maximum tension in the machine stator, with the difference that in this case it is only necessary to measure the voltage in The branches of the phase are missing.
El porcentaje de tensión indicado por (8) con respecto a la medida en (11) corresponde con el porcentaje de devanado en el cual está el defecto.The percentage of voltage indicated by (8) with regarding the measure in (11) corresponds to the percentage of winding in which the defect is.
Otra posibilidad para el método de localización es medir las tensiones inducidas en la fase dañada y en sólo una de las fases sanas, (Figura 3).Another possibility for the location method is to measure the induced voltages in the damaged phase and in only one of the healthy phases, (Figure 3).
En este caso, el porcentaje de devanado cortocircuitado a tierra vendría indicado por el porcentaje que representaría la tensión medida en la fase dañada (8) con respecto a la medida en una de las fases sanas (7).In this case, the winding percentage shorted to ground would be indicated by the percentage that would represent the voltage measured in the damaged phase (8) with respect to the measurement in one of the healthy phases (7).
De igual modo se puede utilizar el montaje representado en la Figura 4, que tiene la ventaja de que sólo se necesita girar el rotor hasta encontrar la posición en la que se induce la máxima tensión en la fase dañada, en lugar de buscar el máximo para cada una de las fases. El porcentaje del devanado con defecto se calcularía del mismo modo considerando el cociente de las tensiones medidas entre un extremo del devanado y tierra(8) y entre extremos del devanado (11).In the same way you can use the assembly represented in Figure 4, which has the advantage that only you need to turn the rotor until you find the position in which it induces maximum tension in the damaged phase, instead of looking for the maximum for each of the phases. The winding percentage with defect would be calculated in the same way considering the quotient of the voltages measured between one end of the winding and ground (8) and between winding ends (11).
Claims (2)
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200901880A ES2340906B2 (en) | 2009-09-21 | 2009-09-21 | SYSTEM AND METHOD OF LOCALIZATION OF GROUND FAULTS IN WINDINGS OF INDUCED SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200901880A ES2340906B2 (en) | 2009-09-21 | 2009-09-21 | SYSTEM AND METHOD OF LOCALIZATION OF GROUND FAULTS IN WINDINGS OF INDUCED SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES. |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2340906A1 ES2340906A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
| ES2340906B2 true ES2340906B2 (en) | 2011-04-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200901880A Active ES2340906B2 (en) | 2009-09-21 | 2009-09-21 | SYSTEM AND METHOD OF LOCALIZATION OF GROUND FAULTS IN WINDINGS OF INDUCED SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES. |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106918783A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-07-04 | 华北电力大学（保定） | The localization method of large salient-pole synchronous generator stator single-phase earthing fault |
| CN109188186A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-01-11 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of polarity of transformer detection method |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2395960A1 (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2013-02-18 | Universidad Politécnica de Madrid | Method of localization of land faults in windings of induced synchronous machines through a post-falta vacuum test. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1123347A (en) * | 1964-10-05 | 1968-08-14 | English Electric Co Ltd | Testing of inductive windings |
| JPS5826523A (en) * | 1981-08-07 | 1983-02-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Ground detector for ac generator |
| GB2157835B (en) * | 1984-04-11 | 1987-10-21 | Central Electr Generat Board | Monitoring earth faults on dynamoelectrics machines |
| DE4329382A1 (en) * | 1993-09-01 | 1995-03-02 | Abb Management Ag | Method and device for detecting earth faults on the conductors of an electrical machine |
-
2009
- 2009-09-21 ES ES200901880A patent/ES2340906B2/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106918783A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-07-04 | 华北电力大学（保定） | The localization method of large salient-pole synchronous generator stator single-phase earthing fault |
| CN106918783B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2019-08-09 | 华北电力大学（保定） | The localization method of large salient-pole synchronous generator stator single-phase earthing fault |
| CN109188186A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-01-11 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of polarity of transformer detection method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2340906A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
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