ES2339417A1 - Fertilizer product with nitrification inhibitor (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Fertilizer product with nitrification inhibitor, formed by a solution of urea, ammonium nitrate and diciandiamide, in water, with proportions of between 10 and 35% urea, between 10 and 35% ammonium nitrate, between 0.09 and 3 % of diciandiamida and the rest water up to 100% in each case. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Fertilizer product with inhibitor of nitrification.

Technical sector

The present invention is related to Soil treatments to promote plant nutrition, in order to improve their development and production, proposing a fertilizer product that inhibits nitrification, favoring the absorption of nitrogen by plants.

State of the art

Among the essential elements for development of plants, nitrogen is the one that presents the greatest variability in the soil, where there is a biological nitrogen or organic present in living beings that inhabit the soil through of proteins, amino acids and other complex substances, and a inorganic nitrogen, mainly in the nitric and ammonia, which are accompanied by nitrite and oxides to a lesser extent of Nitrogen, the relative proportion of said forms of the Nitrogen, nature function and characteristics (drainage, topography, texture, etc.) of the soil in question.

Chemical forms of assimilable Nitrogen by plants are nitric nitrogen and ammonia, but there is also the ureic form, although it quickly hydrolyzes and it becomes ammoniacal, this reaction being catalyzed by the over Ureasa.

The ammonium ion can be absorbed directly by plants, or be retained by soil clays and subsequently undergo a nitrification process whereby nitrifying bacteria action oxidizes and becomes nitrate.

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Nitrification is the reaction by which Ammonium Nitrogen is transformed (oxidized) into Nitric Nitrogen, said process can be schematized as follows:

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Such transformation taking place, in reality, through two consecutive reactions:

a) Nitrosation: Passage of ammonium to nitrite, Catalyzed by Nitrosomonas bacteria:

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b) Nitration: Nitrite passage a nitrate, catalyzed by bacteria Nitrobacter:

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Now, the nitrate form presents a high water solubility, so the fraction that is not absorbed by plants can be easily lost by leaching, either under anaerobic conditions and by the action of Denitrifying bacteria, transform into volatile compounds (Molecular nitrogen and nitrogen oxides), interrelated all chemical forms indicated, through chemical reactions, whose kinetics determines the relative proportion of each of them on the floor.

Therefore, the time must be adjusted availability of assimilable forms, to the needs of crops, to increase the efficiency of fertilization. For the which should be controlled the kinetics of those reactions that tend to the formation of soluble species, in order to avoid unnecessary losses due to washing and reducing risks of phototoxicity

Said control can be performed in the ways following:

- Acting on the availability of reactive species: partialization of fertilization, using slow-release fertilizers, encapsulates, etc.

- Acting on external agents (enzymes and bacteria) that catalyze reactions: Use of fertilizers with Ureasa inhibitors or fertilizers with inhibitors of nitrification, since without these catalytic agents, the reactions involved run much slower, so you can control the availability of reaction products.

Nitrification inhibitors are substances that, added to the soil, inhibit, while they are present in it, the activity and / or proliferation of nitrosomonas bacteria, delaying the oxidation of ammoniacal nitrogen provided through the fertilizers, to nitrite, with which the Nitrogen remains in ammoniacal form and is retained by the clay-humic soil complex. The duration of inhibitory effect depends fundamentally on the conditions climatic, edaphological and crop in particular, persisting the effect, in general, between six and eight weeks.

Object of the invention

According to the invention, a fertilizer product mixed with Diciandiamide, with which manages to advantageously inhibit nitrification, to promote nutrition and plant development of crops.

This product object of the invention is formed by a solution of Urea, Ammonium Nitrate and Diciandiamide, in water, with proportions by weight of between 10 and 35% of Urea, between 10 and 35% Ammonium Nitrate, between 0.09 and 3% of Diciandiamide and the rest Water up to 100% in each case.

An ideal combination of the product, in Proportions of weight, is with 34.7% of Urea, 46.4% of Nitrate Ammonium, 0.7% Diciandiamide and 18.2% water.

A product is thus obtained that can be used in direct application on the ground, by projection nozzles or injecting it.

Claims (2)

1. Fertilizer product with nitrification inhibitor, of the type intended for application in the soil, in order to facilitate the nutrition of crop plants, characterized in that it is formed by a solution of Urea, Ammonium Nitrate and Diciandiamide, in water, with a combination in weight of between 10 and 35% of Urea, between 10 and 35% of Ammonium Nitrate, between 0.09 and 3% of Diciandiamide and the rest water up to 100% in each case. 2. Fertilizer product with nitrification inhibitor, according to the first claim, characterized in that an ideal composition of the product, in weight percentages, is 34.7% Urea, 46.4% Ammonium Nitrate, 0.7 % Diciandiamide and 18.2% water.