ES2338619B1 - METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS OF NON-WOVEN FABRICS. - Google Patents
METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS OF NON-WOVEN FABRICS. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2338619B1 ES2338619B1 ES200801302A ES200801302A ES2338619B1 ES 2338619 B1 ES2338619 B1 ES 2338619B1 ES 200801302 A ES200801302 A ES 200801302A ES 200801302 A ES200801302 A ES 200801302A ES 2338619 B1 ES2338619 B1 ES 2338619B1
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- veil
- card
- spun
- layer
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
- D04H1/66—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions at spaced points or locations
Abstract
Método de fabricación de telas de tejido no tejido formando una tela con tres capas (conocida como CSC): una primera capa de carda (capa C), una segunda capa de spun (capa S), y una tercera capa de carda (capa C), caracterizado porque comprende la fase de disponer los filamentos continuos (18) del velo de spun (7) sin consolidar directamente sobre un primer velo de carda (3), para depositar posteriormente el segundo velo de carda (11) sobre el velo de spun (7). El velo de spun (7) se alimenta sobre el primer velo de carda (3) por medio de una telera de transporte (17) que forma un cierto ángulo (a) con la superficie del primer velo de carda, (3) la cual se mantiene preferentemente horizontal.Method of manufacturing non-woven fabrics fabric forming a fabric with three layers (known as CSC): a first layer of card (layer C), a second layer of spun (layer S), and a third layer of card (layer C), characterized in that it comprises the phase of arranging the continuous filaments (18) of the spun veil (7) without consolidating directly on a first veil of card (3), to subsequently deposit the second card veil (11) on the veil of spun (7). The veil of spun (7) feeds on the first card veil (3) by means of a transport telera (17) that form a certain angle (a) with the surface of the first veil of card, (3) which is preferably kept horizontal.
Description
Método de fabricación de telas de tejido no tejido.Method of manufacturing non-woven fabrics tissue.
La presente invención se refiere a la fabricación de tejidos no tejidos dentro sector técnico textil, más en particular a la fabricación de telas para toallitas húmedas. En concreto, la presente invención se refiere a un método de fabricación de telas de tejido no tejido, formando una tela con tres capas (conocida como CSC): una primera capa de carda (capa C), una segunda capa de spun (capa S), y una tercera capa de carda (capa C).The present invention relates to the manufacture of nonwoven fabrics within the technical textile sector, more particularly to the manufacture of fabrics for wet wipes. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing nonwoven fabrics, forming a fabric with three layers (known as CSC): a first layer of card (layer C), a second layer of spun (layer S ), and a third layer of card (layer C).
El producto a que se refiere la presente invención es una tela no tejida, con fibras entrelazadas, para producir toallitas húmedas para el uso sobre la piel humana. Por ello, la tela debe ser absorbente y tener características de suavidad al tacto.The product referred to in this invention is a nonwoven fabric, with interwoven fibers, for produce wet wipes for use on human skin. By the fabric must be absorbent and have characteristics of soft touch
En la técnica actual, existe una primera forma de producir estas telas, que es con líneas de producción formadas por dos ó tres cardas, y a partir de fibras cortas de entre 30 y 50 mm, de viscosa (absorbente), mezcladas con fibras artificiales. Otra metodología para producir estas telas es mediante el procedimiento conocido en la técnica como "spunbonded", consistente en producir filamentos continuos ("spun") de PP (polipropileno) ó PET (polietileno tereftalato) que se consolidan mediante calandrado "bonded" por termofusión. No obstante estas telas no son absorbentes.In the current technique, there is a first way to produce these fabrics, which is with production lines formed by two or three cards, and from short fibers between 30 and 50 mm, viscose (absorbent), mixed with artificial fibers. Another methodology for producing these fabrics is by the method known in the art as " spunbonded ", consisting of producing continuous filaments (" spun ") of PP (polypropylene) or PET (polyethylene terephthalate) which are consolidated by calendering " bonded " by thermofusion . However, these fabrics are not absorbent.
Existe una limitación técnica actual en el producto y proceso del spunlace con fibras cardadas, que no permite producir productos con fibras de viscosa, poliéster y/o polipropileno con gramajes inferiores a los 40 g/m^{2} a velocidades productivas y con las características físicas requeridas por el mercado actual (producto débil en sentido transversal y de bajo espesor). Ha habido intentos por solucionarlo, mediante telas con tres capas (conocida como CSC), una primera capa de carda (capa C), una segunda capa de spun (capa S), y una tercera capa de carda (capa C).There is a current technical limitation on the product and process of the spunlace with carded fibers, which does not allow to produce products with viscose, polyester and / or polypropylene fibers with grammages below 40 g / m2 at productive speeds and with the physical characteristics required by the current market (weak product in transverse direction and of low thickness). There have been attempts to solve it, using fabrics with three layers (known as CSC), a first layer of card (layer C), a second layer of spun (layer S), and a third layer of card (layer C).
La patente EP1192306 describe una tela CSC con la cual se obtiene la absorción y el tacto necesarios, uniendo la mayor resistencia del spun, y permitiendo realizar productos de iguales o mejores características que los productos anteriores convencionales. Según esta patente, se introduce un primer velo cardado sobre la telera de la máquina de spun, en el interior de la misma, en la que la capa de spun queda depositada por acción de un fuerte vacío. La tela con dos capas es recubierta ulteriormente por una tercera capa de carda, comportando ello problemas de alimentación de los velos y de extracción del velo compuesto. Según esta patente, después se compactan las capa con rodillos de apriete en frío, lo cual conlleva el problema de reducir en exceso el espesor, el cual debe mantenerse dentro de un intervalo adecuado.EP1192306 discloses a CSC fabric with which the necessary absorption and feel is obtained, joining the greater resistance of the spun , and allowing products of equal or better characteristics to be made than the previous conventional products. According to this patent, a first carded veil is introduced on the spun machine's telera, inside it, in which the spun layer is deposited by a strong vacuum. The fabric with two layers is subsequently covered by a third layer of card, thus causing problems with feeding the veils and removing the composite veil. According to this patent, the layers are then compacted with cold tightening rollers, which entails the problem of excessively reducing the thickness, which must be kept within a suitable range.
En la solicitud de patente US2005/0215156A1 se propone pre-consolidar el velo de spun mediante un primer jet de agua, para posteriormente finalizar la consolidación mediante un segundo jet de agua, citándose que antes del segundo jet pueden añadirse capas de otros tipos de velos de filamentos continuos poliméricos. Esta pre-consolidación del velo de spun puede comportar problemas y exigencias que no siempre son justificadas por la calidad del producto final obtenido.In the patent application US2005 / 0215156A1 it is proposed to pre-consolidate the spun veil by means of a first water jet, to later complete the consolidation by a second water jet, citing that before the second jet layers of other types of veils can be added of polymeric continuous filaments. This pre-consolidation of the spun veil can lead to problems and demands that are not always justified by the quality of the final product obtained.
También cabe citar las patentes US6430788 y US6321425, en las cuales el velo de spun se consolida mediante una calandra, lo cual comporta el inconveniente de disminuir excesivamente el espesor y perjudicar al tacto del producto final.It is also worth mentioning patents US6430788 and US6321425, in which the spun veil is consolidated by means of a calender, which entails the inconvenience of excessively decreasing the thickness and damaging the feel of the final product.
Por último, otra propuesta de proceso CSC que cabe citar es el dado a conocer en la patente EP1275764, que describe introducir, entre dos velos de carda, una tela de spunbonded procedente de una bobina con la tela producida previamente en otra línea de spunbonded. El producto spunbonded por estar sometido a un calandrado, lo que comporta de nuevo el problema que supone el calandrado al perjudicar las características de tacto, espesor y bulking. Además de lo cual, al no fabricarse en línea, sino en dos líneas independientes, es un procedimiento mucho menos efectivo.Finally, another CSC process proposal that can be cited is that disclosed in patent EP1275764, which describes introducing, between two card veils, a spunbonded fabric from a coil with the fabric previously produced in another spunbonded line. The product spunbonded by being subjected to a calendering, which again entails the problem posed by calendering by damaging the characteristics of touch, thickness and bulking . Besides which, not being manufactured online, but in two independent lines, it is a much less effective procedure.
Las propuestas existentes de proceso CSC no permiten obtener un producto con los valores requeridos de espesor y tracciones transversales necesarias. Además existe el problema de laminación entre capas CSC y despeluzado (o "linting") de fibras y/o filamentos en la superficie, al no ser capaces de unir las capas de los diferentes productos de manera eficaz.The existing CSC process proposals do not allow to obtain a product with the required values of thickness and necessary transversal tractions. In addition, there is the problem of lamination between CSC layers and glazing (or " linting ") of fibers and / or filaments on the surface, as they are not able to bond the layers of the different products effectively.
La finalidad de la presente invención consiste en unir esas dos metodologías de producción antes explicadas, formando una tela con tres capas (conocida como CSC), una primera capa de carda (capa C), una segunda capa de spun (capa S), y una tercera capa de carda (capa C), con lo cual se obtiene la absorción y el tacto necesarios, pero exenta de los problemas e inconvenientes antes citados del estado de la técnica, uniendo la mayor resistencia del spun, y permitiendo realizar productos de iguales o mejores características que los productos actuales, incluso de mayor espesor, mejor capacidad de hinchamiento ("bulking") y características al tacto, mucho mejores para el uso a que se destinan.The purpose of the present invention is to join these two production methodologies explained above, forming a fabric with three layers (known as CSC), a first layer of card (layer C), a second layer of spun (layer S), and a third layer of card (layer C), whereby the necessary absorption and touch are obtained, but free of the problems and disadvantages mentioned above of the state of the art, joining the greater resistance of the spun , and allowing to make products of equal or better characteristics than current products, even thicker, better swelling capacity (" bulking ") and touch characteristics, much better for the intended use.
A tal finalidad, el objeto de la presente invención es un nuevo método de fabricación de telas de tejido no tejido, del tipo indicado, que en su esencia se caracteriza por la fase de disponer los filamentos continuos del velo de spun sin consolidar directamente sobre el primer velo de carda, para depositar posteriormente el segundo velo de carda sobre el velo de spun.For this purpose, the object of the present invention is a new method of manufacturing nonwoven fabrics of the indicated type, which in essence is characterized by the phase of arranging the continuous filaments of the spun veil without consolidating directly on the first veil of card, to later deposit the second veil of card on the veil of spun .
Según otra característica de la invención, el velo de spun se alimenta sobre la primera capa de carda por medio de una telera de transporte que forma un cierto ángulo con la superficie de la capa de carda, la cual se mantiene preferentemente horizontal.According to another characteristic of the invention, the spun veil is fed on the first card layer by means of a transport telera that forms a certain angle with the surface of the card layer, which is preferably kept horizontal.
Dicho ángulo es preferiblemente inferior o igual a 35 grados.Said angle is preferably less than or equal at 35 degrees
El método contempla también la fase de impregnación con un sulfactante para hidrofilizarlo, con la finalidad de compensar las propiedades hidrofóbicas del producto spun (filamentos continuos de PP).The method also contemplates the impregnation phase with a sulfactant to hydrophilize it, in order to compensate for the hydrophobic properties of the spun product (continuous PP filaments).
De acuerdo con otra característica del método de la invención, tanto el velo de spun como el primer velo de carda recubierto por el velo de spun, se hacen pasar por unos rodillos weed de superficie transpirable con un sector de aspiración (de vacío).According to another characteristic of the method of the invention, both the spun veil and the first card veil covered by the spun veil, are passed through weed rollers of breathable surface with a suction (vacuum) sector.
Presentemente, las diferentes fases del método se realizan en una planta de producción "en línea".Presently, the different phases of the method They are carried out in an "online" production plant.
La presente invención da a conocer igualmente el producto de tela no tejida que se fabrica mediante el método según las reivindicaciones anteriores, así como una toallita húmeda, que se fabrica a partir del anterior producto de tela no tejida.The present invention also discloses the non-woven fabric product that is manufactured by the method according to the preceding claims, as well as a wet wipe, which It is manufactured from the previous non-woven fabric product.
Aunque pueda parecer anti-intuitivo y contrario a la praxis habitual para un experto en la técnica, la aplicación del velo de spun exento de consolidación, permite optimizar las características finales de los productos finales obtenidos mediante el método de la invención, en concreto, aunque no exclusivamente, toallitas húmedas. Una posible explicación es que, al no pre-consolidar el S, se consigue una mayor unión entre capas C-S-C en el momento de su consolidación en el Jet, obteniendo un producto cohesionado con las tracciones y espesor requeridos. De esta manera, también se reduce el efecto "barrera" causado por la capa S de en medio del producto.Although it may seem anti-intuitive and contrary to the usual practice for a person skilled in the art, the application of the spun veil without consolidation, allows to optimize the final characteristics of the final products obtained by the method of the invention, in particular, although not exclusively, wet wipes. A possible explanation is that, by not pre-consolidating the S, a greater union between CSC layers is achieved at the time of its consolidation in the Jet, obtaining a cohesive product with the required traction and thickness. In this way, the "barrier" effect caused by the S layer in the middle of the product is also reduced.
En definitiva, la esencia de la invención consiste en posibilitar el buen acoplamiento del velo de spun (filamentos continuos) entre los dos velos de carda (fibras cortas).In short, the essence of the invention is to enable the good coupling of the spun veil (continuous filaments) between the two carding veils (short fibers).
A continuación se hace la descripción detallada de formas de realización preferidas, aunque no exclusivas, del método objeto de la presente invención, para cuya mejor comprensión se acompaña de unos dibujos, dados meramente a título de ejemplo no limitativo, cuya única Figura (Fig. 1), es una vista esquemática que representa una instalación para la puesta en práctica del método según la presente invención.The detailed description follows of preferred, but not exclusive, embodiments of the method object of the present invention, for whose better understanding It is accompanied by some drawings, given merely by way of example not limiting, whose only Figure (Fig. 1), is a schematic view that represents an installation for the implementation of the method according to the present invention.
En la Fig. 1 puede apreciarse que la línea de producción para la puesta en práctica del método de la invención comprende una carda 1, que produce un primer velo de carda 3 que se transporta sobre una primera telera 2 de carda, y sobre una segunda telera 8 de carda, que pasa por debajo de una estación de producción de spun 4.In Fig. 1 it can be seen that the production line for the implementation of the method of the invention comprises a card 1, which produces a first card veil 3 that is transported on a first card telera 2, and on a second Telera 8 de Carda, which passes under a spun 4 production station.
En este punto debe hacerse unas precisiones terminológicas: en la técnica se entiende por "velo" la formación de fibras en una capa uniforme sobre una telera y sin consolidar (no hay estabilidad dimensional), y se entiende por "tela" un velo ya consolidado, es decir con dimensiones estables y un elevado nivel de cohesión entre las fibras o filamentos que la componen.At this point, some clarifications must be made terminology: "veil" means the technique fiber formation in a uniform layer on a telera and without consolidate (no dimensional stability), and is understood by "cloth" a veil already consolidated, that is to say with dimensions stable and a high level of cohesion between the fibers or filaments that compose it.
De la estación de spun 4 sale un velo de spun 7 no consolidado, formado a partir de filamentos continuos 18 (v.g. de PP o PET), que es trasladado entre teleras por un rodillo weed 5. El rodillo weed 5 es un rodillo de superficie transpirable con un sector de aspiración (de vacío) para transportar el velo 7 no consolidado. El velo de spun 7 baja sobre una telera 17 y se deposita sobre el primer velo de carda 3 transportado por la segunda telera 8 y trasladado por el rodillo weed 6, e la telera 17 a la telera 8, depositándolo sobre el velo de carda 3. Queda formada así un velo compuesto 9 que consta del primer velo de carda 3 y del velo de spun 7 superpuesto.From the spun station 4, an unconsolidated spun 7 veil is formed, formed from continuous filaments 18 (eg PP or PET), which is moved between teleras by a weed roller 5. The weed roller 5 is a surface roller Breathable with a suction (vacuum) sector to transport the unconsolidated veil 7. The veil of spun 7 lowers on a telera 17 and is deposited on the first veil of card 3 transported by the second telera 8 and transferred by the weed roller 6, and the telera 17 to the telera 8, depositing it on the veil of card 3 Thus, a composite veil 9 consisting of the first veil of card 3 and the superimposed veil of spun 7 is formed.
La telera 17 de transporte del spun 7 forma un cierto ángulo a con la superficie de la capa de primer velo de carda 3, la cual se mantiene preferentemente horizontal. El ángulo a está preferentemente comprendido entre 0 y 35º.The transport telera 17 of the spun 7 forms a certain angle a with the surface of the first card veil layer 3, which is preferably kept horizontal. The angle a is preferably between 0 and 35 °.
En una segunda carda 10 se produce un segundo velo de carda 11 que es depositado sobre el velo compuesto 9 que avanza sobre la segunda telera 8, formando el velo compuesto CSC 16 constitutivo del producto objeto de la invención, base para que después de ser entanglentado por un jet de agua 12, un hidrofilizador 13, y un secador 14 quede formada la tela no tejida que luego de bobinarla en un enrollador 15 constituye el producto final, esto es la tea para fabricar toallitas húmedas y otros usos.In a second card 10 a second card veil 11 is produced which is deposited on the composite veil 9 that advances on the second telera 8, forming the composite veil CSC 16 constituting the product object of the invention, base so that after being entangled by a water jet 12, a hydrophilizer 13, and a dryer 14, the non-woven fabric is formed which, after winding it in a reel 15, constitutes the final product, that is, the tea for making wet wipes and other uses.
En relación con el hidrofilizador 13, es importante mencionar que la impregnación del producto con un sulfactante para hidrofilizarlo es necesaria para conseguir los valores de absorción, wicking rate y sinking time estándares en el mercado de toallitas húmedas. Esta adición es necesaria para vencer las propiedades hidrofóbicas del producto spun (filamentos continuos de PP).In relation to the hydrophilizer 13, it is important to mention that impregnation of the product with a sulfactant to hydrophilize it is necessary to achieve the standard wicking rate and sinking time values in the wet wipes market. This addition is necessary to overcome the hydrophobic properties of the spun product (continuous filaments of PP).
Con el método de la invención se obtiene un producto 16 (toallita húmeda), con buenas características de espesor, capacidad de tracción transversal, capacidad de absorción y Estabilidad dimensional del producto (linting, laminación).With the method of the invention a product 16 (wet wipe), with good characteristics of thickness, transverse traction capacity, absorption capacity and dimensional stability of the product (linting, lamination).
El producto se puede grabar mediante termo grabado o hidrograbado y puede ser sometido a acabados o recubrimientos en sí conocidos.The product can be recorded by thermos etched or hydro etched and can be subjected to finishes or coatings known per se.
Con el método de la invención puede obtenerse un producto con las siguientes características:With the method of the invention, a product with the following characteristics:
- \bullet?
- Densidad superficial (gramaje): entre 18 g/m^{2} y 50 g/m^{2}.Surface density (grammage): between 18 g / m2 and 50 g / m2.
- \bullet?
- Velos de carda de Vs/PES; Vs/PP o Vs con fibras de entre 0.9 dtex y 5 dtex y longitudes entre 30 y 70 mm.Card veils of Vs / PES; Vs / PP or Vs with fibers between 0.9 dtex and 5 dtex and lengths between 30 and 70 mm
- \bullet?
- Spun con filamentos continuos de PP entre 1 dtex y 3 dtex. Spun with continuous PP filaments between 1 dtex and 3 dtex.
- \bullet?
- Velos de spun 7: entre 6 y 20 g/m^{2}.Veils of spun 7: between 6 and 20 g / m2.
- \bullet?
- Velos de carda 3 y 11: entre 6 y 30 g/m^{2}.Veils of cards 3 and 11: between 6 and 30 g / m2.
- \bullet?
- Espesor final del producto 16 entre 0.5 y 1.2 mm.Final product thickness 16 between 0.5 and 1.2 mm.
- \bullet?
- Tracciones en sentido transversal del producto entre 10 y 40 N/50 mm.Tractions in the direction Product cross section between 10 and 40 N / 50 mm.
- \bullet?
- Absorción del producto superior al 400%.Superior Product Absorption at 400%
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip\ vskip1.000000 \ baselineskip
Descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la presente invención, así como la manera de ponerla en práctica, se hace constar que todo cuanto no altere, cambie o modifique su principio fundamental, queda sujeto a variaciones de detalle.Describe sufficiently the nature of the The present invention, as well as how to implement it, is states that everything that does not alter, change or modify its fundamental principle, is subject to variations in detail.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200801302A ES2338619B1 (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2008-04-25 | METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS OF NON-WOVEN FABRICS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200801302A ES2338619B1 (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2008-04-25 | METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS OF NON-WOVEN FABRICS. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2338619A1 ES2338619A1 (en) | 2010-05-10 |
| ES2338619B1 true ES2338619B1 (en) | 2011-03-22 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200801302A Expired - Fee Related ES2338619B1 (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2008-04-25 | METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS OF NON-WOVEN FABRICS. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2338619B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2794776B1 (en) * | 1999-06-10 | 2001-10-05 | Icbt Perfojet Sa | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A NONWOVEN MATERIAL, INSTALLATION FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION AND NONWOVEN THUS OBTAINED |
| FR2827313B1 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2004-03-12 | Rieter Perfojet | NONWOVEN COMPRISING A CONTINUOUS FILAMENT TABLECLOTH, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF AND APPLICATION THEREOF AS WIPING RAG |
| US7381667B2 (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2008-06-03 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Hydroentangled textile and use in a personal cleansing implement |
| JP3998683B2 (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2007-10-31 | 花王株式会社 | Cleaning sheet |
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2008
- 2008-04-25 ES ES200801302A patent/ES2338619B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2338619A1 (en) | 2010-05-10 |
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