ES2332862B2 - MULTIPROPOSIT COMPOSITION METHOD OF OBTAINING AND USING FOR THE RESTORATION OF GOLDEN SURFACES AND POLYCHROMES. - Google Patents

Abstract

Multipurpose composition method of obtaining and use for the restoration of golden surfaces and polychrome

The invention proposes methods of obtaining and application of a multipurpose composition for use in technological processes of conservation and restoration of works artistic, especially in the restoration of golden surfaces and silver, by means of metallic sheet, and in the restoration of polychrome surfaces; besides being used also in the beautiful ones arts, painting and sculpture, and in the field of ornamentation architectural The multipurpose composition is obtained, between others, from certain synthetic resins that make the adhesive functions, e.g., polyvinyl acetate; components Synthetics such as Modostuc, and natural mineral and water products. A method with different modes of application is proposed, especially as a preparation base, as stucco and as an insulator on a wide variety of surfaces or supports with more or less degree of porosity

Description

Multipurpose composition method of obtaining and use for the restoration of golden surfaces and polychrome

Object of the invention

A first object is the development of a multipurpose composition and its method of obtaining from natural and synthetic components to replace in a single material the different products and operations used in the conservation and restoration of artistic works, especially in the field of restoration of gold and silver surfaces.

A second object is the development of a method for the use of said multipurpose composition, in the different operations used in conservation and restoration of artistic works, mainly as a preparation base, such as stucco and as an insulator, on a wide variety of surfaces or supports with a greater or lesser degree of porosity; especially in the restoration of gold and silver surfaces by means of leaf metallic, in the realization of polychrome surfaces in the architectural ornamentation, and in the field of execution of works Artistic new invoice both polychrome and gold or Plated.

Field of invention

The invention relates generally to products obtained from different components, whether natural or synthetics, used in the field of technological processes of conservation and restoration and in the field of execution of works Artistic new invoice. In particular, the present invention it refers especially to the materials that are used in the field of restoration of gold and silver surfaces by sheet metal medium, and in surface restoration polychrome

State of the art

The materials used in the restoration of works of art, as well as different Commercial products and application modes used. The existing products in the market and commonly used in the conservation and restoration of artistic works, called commonly stucco or synthetic putties, need to be polished after drying, in addition to being arranged in different layers, since they tend to surface instability with cracking formation (cracks) if they occur in a thick layer, to proceed, then, to the provision of several layers of bowl as the basis for determining the final result in the processes of Golden.

On the other hand, synthetic stucco industrial use in the ornamentation of walls, they have an excessively hard surface and not very thick useful in the processes of gold and burnishing of gold, since they they are practically impossible or very difficult to resolve, affecting to the final result of the work.

The stucco was originally a fine-grained paste composed of slaked lime (usually fatty lime), powdered marble and natural pigments, which hardens by chemical reaction when calcium carbonate (CaCO3) of the lime comes into contact with carbon dioxide (CO2), and is used primarily for plastering walls and ceilings. It can also be composed of plaster or plaster . (consisting of CaSO_ {4} · H2H2}), natural resins and glues. The stucco admits numerous treatments, among which are modeling and carving to obtain ornamental shapes, polishing to give an appearance similar to marble and polychrome painting for decorative purposes and even later gold. All this makes it an attractive material for restoration and new construction work.

From the documents of the State of the Art it seems clear that the use of additives that confer advantageous properties to stuccoes, whether natural or synthetic, plasters, etc., is a common practice both in the manufacture of construction and decorative materials. For example, the addition of clays, sandstones or crushed marble to lime, plaster, plaster, or stucco itself, is widely described in the art, as well as the addition of synthetic resins to them. We also find it described in some conservation and restoration manuals such as that of B. Carrascosa Moliner in his " Initiation to the conservation and restoration of ceramic objects ", or in the text of the author of the present invention, E. González Martínez Alonso, " Heritage and Restoration ".

Synthetic stucco, is called stucco or putty of synthetic compounds. An example of synthetic stucco what It constitutes the well-known Modostuc product, which it carries in its composition, among other components, acrylic resins, as well as the Blumestuc product. Commercial information available indicates comprising thixotropic resins, which reject moisture and they confer adequate rheological properties for their application.

Some documents are found in which uses the plaster as a component of the finishes with effect decorative, to which different additives can be added to Improve its properties.

US 5240500 claims a composition for joining panels and application to surfaces based on 30-50% plaster based, 30-88% in weight of a wetting agent, and 10-25% of polyvinyl acetate. In more detail he claims a composition based on 35-60% of a plasticizer based on gypsum, 30-55% of a wetting agent, and 10-25 p.% Polyvinyl acetate. He plasticizer preferably contains 55% CaSO2, 6.5% CaCO 3, 2% silica sand, 4% starch, 0-10% talc and 0-10% mica (4-20 p.% Of total talc, and rest mica) and optionally a drying accelerator. The wetting agent is a mixture of alcohol [methanol, ethanol or propanol] and water (up to 30%), which is preferably used in quantities between 37-45 p.%.

The addition of polyvinyl acetate (PVA, for its acronym in English, Polyvinyl Acetate ) to the plaster is also described in the patent P0265698. Patent KR 930011266B describes a sculpture material on which it can be drawn and painted directly, made with a mixture of clay and calcium carbonate (50%), polyacrylamine (13%), polyethylene (25%), PVA, and an agent epoxy hardener (2%) and perlite (10%). JP 55059486 describes a plasticine-like material for use in plastic arts comprising, among other components, gypsum, soluble polyvinyl acetate (PVA), carboxymethylcellulose and water. PVA, as described, increases mechanical strength.

WO2009038476 describes a layer of coating based on an inert material mixed with one reagent and a binder evenly distributed within all the material. The inert material is selected among the minerals - bentonite, dolomite, calcite, barite, iron oxides and sand rich in quartz. The binder material used can be polyvinyl acetate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, guar gum derivatives (water soluble polysaccharide used as thickening agent), plaster and silicates of sodium, potassium and lithium.

Document BRP 10604829 claims a composition for restoration of works of art consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, calcium carbonate, distilled water, cola White and a fungicide in small quantities.

US patent application 2006272764 claims an aqueous composition to obtain drywall based panels, composed of calcium sulfate, polyvinyl acetate and water. The panels have good properties and mechanical resistance.

US patent application 2003134554 claims a composition to standardize board surfaces. The composition contains calcium sulfate hemidrate in 20-99%; calcium carbonate filler, 1-10%; sepiolite, bentonite clay or attapulgite; Y a coating retarder to effect deposition only at come into contact with the surface to be coated. Other composition additionally contains in small quantities 2.5-8 p. Mica%, 1-5 p. % attapulgite clay, 0.35-0.6 p. % from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 0.25-0.5 p.% Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, 0.1-0.25 p.% Citric acid, 4-7 p.% polyvinyl acetate, 0.1 p.% fungicidal and 0.1 p.% bactericidal.

It shows the lack in a multipurpose composition and a method of obtaining it, and its method of application in the conservation and restoration of artistic works,  especially in the field of gold surface restoration and silver, which is obtained simply from components natural and synthetic modifying the rheological properties of known products. The present invention thus satisfies the existing need in the use of a single product, with suitable properties to replace the various materials, employees currently, and, what is especially important, replace the various operations, inevitable and cumbersome currently made by simpler ones.

This method of using said composition Multipurpose as a new product in various applications such as, mainly, preparation base, stucco and insulator in a wide variety of surfaces or supports with more or less degree of porosity, especially in the restoration of golden and silver surfaces by means of metallic foil, and on the of polychrome surfaces and architectural ornamentation, eliminate the current need for the hard work done in the various restoration and execution of works artistic.

Finally a composition and a application method such where the work done is totally reversible and do not alter in any case, or affect physical or chemically the traditional materials constituting a work original.

Surprisingly we have found a multipurpose composition and such a method of obtaining, essentially new, so it is possible to solve the shortcomings of the methods known to date in the restoration of works of art.

Description of the invention

The present invention proposes a composition multipurpose (called Stuc.Bol) and a method of obtaining, based on adequate proportions of different natural components and known synthetics, for the preparation of a base composition new whose properties make it the multipurpose type.

Additionally it proposes a unique method of application to surfaces according to different objects and jobs programmed as stages in the restoration, namely in:

primer and preparation of all types of rigid supports (wood, plasters, polymetric resins, etc.), with special result in the insulation of porous surfaces (plaster and wall), for subsequent polychrome,

as a layer of determination of areas to replace with gold or silver foil, and also as a layer of determination and isolation in cases of new ornamental work,

as a single preparatory base in color replacements, tratteggio , modulated or not, open or closed, rigattino , pointillism, etc. typical of the field of conservation and restoration of artistic goods,

as synthetic stucco , in the case of volumetric reintegration of the resolution of gaps and missing parts.

as a stratum of chromatic and volumetric replacement in the criteria of archaeological restoration through neutral, flat or modulated inks.

The invention is also useful in other construction and / or restorative processes , fulfilling functions of a neutral colored base.

Components of the composition of the invention (consistencies liquid and dense)

Surprisingly we have found a multipurpose composition (called Stuc.Bol), whose components, duly combined with each other, create or give rise to a preparation of different invoices and coloration as the formulation is made, from which highly satisfactory results are obtained in relation to to the degree of stability and inalterability of the final product. The multipurpose composition of the present invention comprises a synthetic stucco in a majority amount, a polymeric synthetic adhesive, an iron-rich earth filler of the type called Bol with different shades (red, yellow, black) in minor amounts, and distilled water for regulating its viscosity and obtaining a consistency from fluid to dense.

The stucco or synthetic putties used and Its properties are:

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Modostuc , is slightly more alkaline, has a good dilution. In very important thicknesses it is slightly less flexible than Blumestuc . Its decrease is minimal.

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Blumestuc , softens the bowl in the preparation, dissolves worse and cracks slightly less in thickness.

Both have thixotropic properties such as consequence of the resins that are part of its composition.

The function of the adhesive is not only that of increase the adhesiveness of the composition to the surface of application, but additionally because they are polymers with their chains carbonates helps increase rheological properties and thixotropy of the composition. They have been determined as preferred Polyvinyl Acetate; Acril 33, 100% acrylic resin aqueous dispersion; and the Plextol B-500, a pure aqueous acrylic dispersion of a copolymer based on butylacrylate. Its fundamental characteristics are:

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He Polyvinyl acetate crackle with greater contraction.

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He Plextol B-500 is slightly more flexible and bleaches less prepared.

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He Acril 33 is definitely less flexible.

We consider excellent use in the composition Fluid Modostuc and Polyvinyl Acetate as components in The determined proportions.

For dense composition, they can be used the same materials and proportions mentioned below, considering that in layers of excessive thickness or fillings of greater importance and hardness can be substituted Polyvinyl Acetate for the Plextol B.500.

The yellow bowl and red bowl, are composed of Kaolin - aluminum silicates - and natural iron oxides that They are responsible for color variations. Its tone varies from dark red to medium yellow, and even black if the earth It has manganese. It is a totally natural product that has been used traditionally to arrange a "bed" to gold and silver in sheet to be feasible to be, respectively, burnished. In the creation of the old works and in their restoration they have employed the bowl of Armenia and the Almagre or land of Almagra (red) and the land of Calamocha (yellow bowl). For silver it is used the black bowl, in which it is slightly acidified. The use of the bowl according to its origin it gives rise to a different preparation coloration.

The physicochemical properties Dry hardening, adhesiveness, good strength Mechanical, creating base surfaces for further work on them, achieved by the combination of the components in the intervals found by the present invention have allowed the Obtaining very satisfactory results during the tests. So, hardening of the main stucco components - calcium sulfate (CaSO3) and / or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) - it is modified by the adhesiveness conferred by the adhesives used (Polyvinyl Acetate, Acril 33, and Plextol B-500, with their corresponding variations in density and proportion). The components of the multipurpose composition, properly combined each other by the proposed method, create or give rise to a preparation of different properties according to the formulation within a certain relationship of some components with respect to others, thanks to which highly results have been obtained satisfactory in the degree of stability and inalterability of the Final product.

On the other hand, the presence of silicates within the composition of the iron oxide earths (Bol) lends the necessary polarity to make the entire dough hardening precisely maintain the properties of mechanical resistance, and at the same time the desired stability against to the factors that influence aging, which prevents the appearance of cracks ( cracking ).

Trials have been conducted with a series of formulations, both in relation to the mentioned materials, in order to verify your response, as in other feasible parallels of used in the compound. The percentages of the components, with different densities, different types of preparation and embolado, modifying the components of the composition, and alternating variations, in addition, in the type of sheet Metallic and technological system of gold-plating. With this It has been intended to obtain results, varying mainly the composition of the product studied and focusing the variations in adhesives, in order to analyze the behavior of Final product. The main relations of components with best results are shown in the tables corresponding to the preferred embodiments.

In table 1 below, the intervals determined as optimal in the formulations of the Multipurpose composition (Stuc.Bol) object of the Invention.

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Table 1: Optimal formulations of both variants of the multipurpose composition Stuc.Bol

one

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The colloidal properties of the composition multipurpose, resulting from the mixture of its different components in the optimal determined relationships, make it suspensions with a consistency of the type from liquid to dense The small polar molecules of water interact with the polar groups of adhesives, which in turn through their long chains interact with the components and with the oxides Land ferric. These interactions facilitate obtaining of colloidal suspensions from fluid to dense. Possibly the colloidal properties of the multipurpose composition of the invention are explained from the colloidal point of view by step dense type suspension, with water suspension between solid components, to that of the fluid type, by suspension of the solids in water.

The multipurpose composition of the invention It has thixotropic properties. Thixotropy is the property of some non-Newtonian and pseudoplastic fluids that show a time-dependent change in its viscosity; the more I know subjects the fluid to shear stresses, but decreases its viscosity. Modern varieties of alkaline coatings, from latex and paints, and other suspensions, are materials so general thixotropics that do not fall from the applicator used but that They can be applied easily and evenly, as the gel is liquidified when it applies The colloidal properties of the composition at Once they guarantee proper thixotropy. Thixotropic properties of the composition allow its application in a precise and stable way,  avoiding the appearance of landslides, even in the type mixture fluid.

Method of obtaining the composition of the invention

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Be dilute the synthetic stucco (Modostuc and / or Blumestuc) in the middle of the water to be used, adding it little by little and working the dough with spatula until a thick homogeneous grout is obtained,

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TO the adhesive is then added, removing constantly.

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A Once well mixed, add the bowl and work the dough by stirring it constantly, either with a spatula or a thick brush, until the bowl dough is thoroughly mixed with the preparation previous.

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Be Add the remaining amount of water little by little.

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For obtaining dense consistency the dough must be worked for a longer time to spatula in order to obtain a mixture homogeneous, fact that is easier to obtain when consistency It is fluid for carrying a higher percentage of water.

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Be can keep in closed boats for a long time.

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Method of application and various uses of the composition of the invention

The following two differences are to be noted Substantial use of the multipurpose composition among different possible works and the necessary texture to achieve:

Use on surfaces to restore : The multipurpose composition (Stuc.Bol) must acquire the texture of a homogeneous paste , the dense type, which will be applied as many times as necessary until the desired volume is achieved , depending on the depth of the lagoon. The synthetic stucco, the main component of the multipurpose composition, has the characteristic of contracting slightly and decreasing its volume once it has dried due to the loss of moisture, therefore it will be necessary to take special care and insist on thin layers until obtaining the thickness that is require. If the layers or strata that are arranged are very thick, there is a risk of producing "cracks" (cracks) on the surface.

Use on browned surfaces : It is necessary to be able to obtain a series of uniform layers that allow the subsequent application of the metallic sheet. Therefore the multipurpose composition (Stuc.Bol) must have a liquid consistency that allows it to be applied by brush. The multipurpose composition (Stuc.Bol) includes a series of advantages in the treatment of golden or golden surfaces, sometimes replacing traditional materials, which often do not adapt to the needs of the work.

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Composition application method

Below is detailed, according to their different main modes of employment, the method of application of the Multipurpose composition (Stuc.Bol) object of the Invention.

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I.A.- Method of application to the replacement of gaps

a) In the case of lagoon replacement, Traditionally the following steps are performed:

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surface coating, well with traditional stucco based on calcium carbonate + rabbit tail or fine synthetic putty

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a Once dry, sanding the surface,

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to continued isolation of it usually with a hand of shellac

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surface embolado, three layers with its corresponding drying between layer and layer, with bowl + glue fish

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closed the pore of the embolate by rubbing, with dog brush (it is a special bristle brush thick and flat)

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Then it can be browned or replaced by rigattino or by trattegio (system of crisscrossed lines that create a lattice or network of colors to cover the surface).

b) If the composition of the invention is used, in this case:

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The preparation must have a certain consistency (Stuc.Bol dense) since the lagoons have to be filled, a single layer or two or even more may be needed, especially if the lagoon is very deep because as any semi-synthetic product when drying slightly decreases . The obtained surface can be polished once dry with fine fixed and even with wet swab.

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This completes the entire replacement process and leaves the surface ready to later brown or make the rigattino or trattegio . It can even be burnished for a better adhesion of gold or a better result of replenishments. And in the case of refills to rigattino or trattegio its base color serves to interweave the network of colored lines, allowing it to breathe millimetrically between them contributing to the speed of execution and the final visual result .

Thus, with it the use of the composition Multipurpose of the Invention involves:

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a reduced execution time and a considerable reduction of materials to use and therefore, a significant lower cost in Materials and lower labor cost.

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II.B.- Method of application to shallow lagoons

a) The case of replacing little gaps deep with the traditional system presents the following features:

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This problem has a difficult solution, because they are not such large gaps that can be browned or closed to rigattino with good integration into set. Another possibility is to fill them with color to the watercolor, which is the traditional, or even some choose fill them with glitter, which constitutes an aberration because the result is of a very mediocre quality, producing in these cases, many times, a surface that results in a light set of "pegotitos" as if it had "moles". For him on the contrary, as we shall see, the multipurpose composition of the invention, solves the problem in a qualitatively very superior, which is essential in a reintegration with good Optical result and without alteration of the work as a whole.

b) If the multipurpose composition is used of the invention, in this case:

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In many cases the gold of the gold presents losses in the form of tiny, millimeter sometimes, gaps in which there is no depth, but it is necessary to cover or replenish. With the fluid composition of the invention (Stuc.Bol fluid) the problem is solved very well since it fills the sectors to be restored with millimetrics allowing to regulate the densitometry of the product and adapt it to the thickness and depth of the loss, and how it incorporates the color of the bowl , which, in addition , can be adapted colorimetrically to the place where it will be put with a consistency, in this case, much more liquid, the problem is solved quite quickly providing an excellent optical result since it integrates perfectly in the colorimetric space of dorado , especially in the old golds, which usually have chafing and alterations on their surface that leave the bowl exposed, which respects the age of the work to the fullest.

In both cases, if necessary you can apply several layers of stucco based on the surface previously in calcium carbonate, and / or calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaCO3 + CaSO_4½H2O) plus rabbit tail as adhesive.

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II.C- Method of application on surfaces to brown and / or polychrome

a) In the case of surface preparation for Brown or polychrome follow the steps below:

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Sanding of the surface and insulation according to conditions of the wall or surface according to wood or plaster.

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Preparation and / or primer of the surface with at least three to five layers of composite stucco by Lime Carbonate and / or Lime Sulfate with glue adhesive Rabbit and sanding it.

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Embolado layout, three layers, in the areas to brown and / or silver.

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Pore closed by means of pass from dog (special brush for this purpose)

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Isolation in polychrome areas, either by hand, rabbit tail or, in the most traditional way by hand, Albayalde rabbit + white tail (which today is replaced by Titanium White, inert product due to the poisonous character of Basic Lead Carbonate).

b) - In the preparation of surfaces to brown (Stuc-Bol fluid), the surfaces must be previously sanded, especially plaster and / or plaster, in order to eliminate possible deposits of sandstones or lumps. Then the surface must be isolated, especially in the case of walls on the north faces of the buildings - Iglesias, Palacios or others- either with polyvinyl acetate, or with shellac, or even, in more specific cases with liquid silicone. In the case of supports wood is usually given, after sanding, a hand of rabbit tail dissolved in water.

Subsequently you can proceed to give three or more layers of the Stuc-Bol composition, with drying total between layer and layer, before making the gold or polychrome of the surfaces that, likewise, can be polished with the traditional means to use (sanding, polishing with brush dog or polished and even burnished with agate-style stone Italian) which greatly improves its appearance and conditions For later work. The preparation admits the golden system to the water or guazzo with subsequent burnishing both with methods traditional as with new generation products, admitting by Of course, other docking and / or silver systems, such as the mixture, oil or mordant, and all kinds of polychrome techniques, fat or lean

B) Advantages of the composition of the invention 1- In restoration processes

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Excellent results as a single preparatory base on surfaces that can be gilded or plated, and as a layer for determining areas to be replaced with gold or silver based on metallic foil.

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As a single preparatory base in the chromatic repositions to tratteggio, rigattino, pointillism, etc., reintegration processes typical of the field of conservation and restoration of artistic goods.

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As a layer of chromatic replacement in the criteria of archaeological reintegration by means of flat inks fulfilling functions of a neutral colored base.

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As synthetic stucco , in the case of volumetric reintegration of the resolution of gaps.

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2- In fine arts and architectural ornamentation

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Very good in priming and preparation of all types of rigid supports (wood, plasters, polymer resins, etc.), with special result in the isolation of porous surfaces (plaster and wall), for subsequent polychromy.

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Excellent in the delimitation and preparation of surfaces that can be browned or plated as a determination and isolation layer in cases of new ornamental works.

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In its Thick variety can be used as filler putty.

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3- Characteristics of the Stuc.Bol composition

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Cold application (suitable for jobs in places with no possibility of constant heat).

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Be It can reduce sanding or dissolving with wet swab.

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It allows the gold and / or silver to the templa, dorado to mix or other gold and silver systems With leaf or bread.

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Higher flexibility, therefore, less risk of cracking.

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Possibility to modify its density by varying the amount of water.

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Minor polarity.

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pH alkaline.

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C- Tests carried out

A series of trials of the behavior of the composition of the invention against more frequent agents of deterioration, obtaining results very satisfactory

The physicochemical properties Dry hardening, adhesiveness, good strength mechanics and the creation of base surfaces for subsequent work on them, achieved by the combination of the components in the intervals found by the present invention have allowed the Obtaining very satisfactory results during the tests. So, hardening of the main stucco components - calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and / or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) - it is modified by the adhesiveness conferred by the adhesives used (Polyvinyl Acetate, Acril 33, and Plextol B-500, with their corresponding variations in density and proportion). The components of the multipurpose composition, properly combined each other by the proposed method create or give rise to a preparation of different properties according to the formulation within a certain relationship of some components with respect to others, thanks to which highly results have been obtained satisfactory in the degree of stability and inalterability of the Final product.

It should be noted that the composition multipurpose (Stuc.Bol) and the method of obtaining said The invention complies with the largest and most important restorative principle: It is completely reversible and does not alter in any case, nor does it affect physically or chemically to the traditional constitutive materials of a work.

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Figures

In Figure 1, the application shown is shown. performs on some sectors, 1a and 1b, 2a and 2b, 3a and 3b, on the obverse of Table 1 using the two preferred compositions for preparation of the composition with liquid consistency and a dense, polyvinyl acetate adhesives, Acril 33, are tested, Plextol B-500, a bowl with red hue and stucco synthetic Modostuc.

The pH values are shown in Figure 2 corresponding to the formulations on the front of Table 1. Additionally, gold operations performed on a fourth layer, separated in sectors 1, 2, and 3a.

Figure 3 shows the application on the reverse of Table 1, analogous to the components of Figure 1, except that a bowl with yellow hue and stucco was tested synthetic was the equal parts combination of Modostuc with Blumestuc

The pH values are shown in Figure 4 corresponding to the formulations of the six sectors, 1a and 1b, 2a and 2b, 3a and 3b, of Figure 3. Additionally the operations of gilt made on a fourth layer, in sectors 1, 2, and 3rd.

Figure 5 shows the application on the obverse of a second Table 2, using the three adhesives of the Figure 1. The mineral used was a bowl with black hue and the synthetic stucco was the Blumestuc.

The pH values are shown in Figure 6 corresponding to the formulations of the six sectors, 1a and 1b, 2a and 2b, 3a and 3b of Figure 5. Additionally the operations of silver made in sectors 1, 2, and 3a.

Figure 7 shows the application on the reverse of Table 2, the application is performed on only three different sectors of the board (1st, 2nd, and 3rd), only tested the composition with a liquid consistency, using the Bowl with Red hue and Modostuc synthetic stucco.

Figure 8 shows the method of application with the liquid consistency composition for a first relief, using a bowl with red hue; as adhesive Polyvinyl Acetate, and Modostuc synthetic stucco.

Figure 9 shows the method of application with the liquid consistency composition for a second relief, using a bowl with red hue, as Acril 33 adhesive, and Modostuc synthetic stucco.

Figure 10 shows the method of application with the liquid consistency composition for a third relief, using a bowl with a red hue; as adhesive the Plextol B-500 and the synthetic stucco Modostuc.

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Description of the preferred embodiments

In the three preferred embodiments, show some examples of:

a) The method of preparing the composition multipurpose of the present invention, describing the mixtures of its fundamental components within the optimal limits found.

b) The method of application of this composition to be used in the restoration of art objects old, showing the different stages that replace those of the procedures currently employed in the State of the Technique.

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Realization Nº one

Variation of adhesives and bowl with a different tonality

Tests were performed on applied specimens on the front and back of a table, varying the components of the multipurpose composition of the present invention.

The concentrations remained within limits determined as optimal.

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Applications on the front of Table 1

In Figure 1 and Table 2, the application that is made on some sectors of the obverse of the table 1 that reproduce the necessary operations in the filling of gaps during the restoration process. Only when applying the third layer on the table, its surface was divided into different sectors on which the compositions were applied according to the invention, in which some of the fundamental components are They varied within the optimal limits found.

Method of surface treatment, lines show:

- The table as the application base.

- The first layer applied is the rabbit tail (the mother tail).

- The second layer corresponds to the preparation of the substrate with a synthetic stucco composed of the mixture of two components used primarily in stucco, namely Calcium Sulfate plus Calcium Carbonate. Additionally it Mix with rabbit tail. 5 layers of the mixture were applied gradually reducing the hardness of the tail by addiction of Water.

- In the third layer on six different sectors of the board (1a and b, 2a and b, 3a and b) the components of the invention are applied, in which in all cases the two compositions necessary for the preparation of the composition with consistency are appreciated liquid (water content of 32%) and with a dense one (water content of 8%). In the three sectors, indicated as 1, 2 and 3a, an additional deposition test of a fourth metallic layer was carried out.

- In the corresponding sectors in the compositions the adhesive was varied, employing the same concentration of the three fundamental adhesives, namely Acetate polyvinyl, Acril 33, Plextol B-500. The amount of The adhesives were in all cases the same. In all cases the  mineral used was a bowl with red hue and stucco Synthetic was Modostuc, with a concentration of 50 and 70% depending on the desired consistency in the product.

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Table 2: Test of specimens that model a restoration task on the obverse of Table 1

2

Figure 2 and Table 3 show the pH values corresponding to formulations 1a and 1b, 2a and 2b, 3a and 3b of the sectors of the third layer of the obverse of the Table 1. Additionally the gold operations performed on a fourth layer, separated in the mentioned sectors 1, 2, and 3a. They were tested both the application of fake gold without burnishing and burnish.

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Table 3: Test of specimens that model a restoration task on the obverse of Table 1 (cont.)

Obverse of Table 1

3

The results obtained in aging accelerated test tubes, as well as their application in the restoration They have been satisfactory.

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Applications on the back of Table 1

The application on the back of Table 1 is shown in Figure 3 and its data in Table 4. It is appreciated that The application is carried out on six sectors (1st and B, 2nd and B, 3rd and b), which also reproduce the necessary operations in filling of gaps during the restoration process. Equally, only when applying the third layer its surface was divided into different sectors on which the compositions were applied according to the invention, in which some of the components fundamentals varied within the optimal limits found. In the three sectors, indicated as 1, 2 and 3a, a additional deposition test of a fourth metallic layer.

Method of surface treatment, lines show:

- The table as the application base.

- The first layer applied is the rabbit tail (the mother tail diluted with water up to 50%).

- The second layer corresponds to the preparation of the substrate with a synthetic stucco composed of the mixture of two components used primarily in stucco, namely Calcium Sulfate plus Calcium Carbonate., plus addition of rabbit tail 3 layers were applied gradually reducing the tail hardness by adding water.

- In the third layer on six different board sectors apply the components of the invention, in which in all cases the two compositions are appreciated necessary for the preparation of the multipurpose composition with liquid consistency (32% water content) and with that of a dense (water content of 8%). Comparative results aprioristics predict that the use of both putties together does not it gives us neither a better dilution nor a greater or better result. Although its mixture neutralizes the pH.

- Layered fluid composition layout thick in order to verify the texture, depletion and elasticity of the surface primed with the preparation. You can give three or more layers.

It is done with variation of the synthetic adhesive. In the corresponding sectors to the compositions the adhesive, using all three adhesives at the same concentrations fundamental, namely, polyvinyl acetate, Acril 33, Plextol B-500 The amount of adhesives was in all The same cases.

In all cases the mineral used was a Bowl with yellow hue and synthetic stucco was the combination in equal parts of the Modostuc with Blumestuc, its sum is equal to the used in the previous essay on the Obverse of the Table, with a concentration of 50 and 70% depending on the desired consistency in the product.

Perfect product functionality was obtained. In large thicknesses, as we have already mentioned, we can obtain a Best result with Plextol B-500. PH is achieved alkaline.

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Table 4: Test of specimens that model a restoration task on the back of Table 1

4

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Test of specimens that model a restoration task on the reverse of Table 1 (cont.)

Figure 4 and Table 5 show the pH values corresponding to the formulations of the six sectors, 1a and 1b, 2a and 2b, 3a and 3b, of the third layer of the reverse Table 1. Additionally, the gold operations performed on already a fourth layer, in sectors 1, 2, and 3a were tested with application of burnished fine gold.

In all cases the pH in the sectors was 7.5

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Table 5: Test of specimens that model a restoration task on the back of Table 1

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TABLE 1 Back

5

The results obtained in aging accelerated test tubes, as well as their application in the restoration They have been satisfactory.

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Realization Nº 2

Variation of adhesives and bowl with a different tonality

Applications were made on the obverse and the reverse of a table, varying the components of the composition of The present invention.

The concentrations remained within limits determined as optimal which guarantees the effect novel of the invention.

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Table 2 on which a restore task is performed Applications on the front of Table 2

The application on the obverse of Table 2 is shown in Figure 5 and its data in Table 6. The application that is carried out on some sectors that reproduce the necessary operations in filling gaps during the process of restoration. Only when applying the third layer on the table, its surface was divided into different sectors over the which compositions according to the invention were applied in the that some of the fundamental components were varied within the optimal limits found.

Method of surface treatment, lines show:

- The table as the application base.

- The first layer applied is the rabbit tail (75% mother tail).

- The second layer corresponds to the preparation of the substrate with a synthetic stucco composed of the mixture of two components used primarily in stucco, namely Calcium Sulfate plus Calcium Carbonate. Additionally it Mix with rabbit tail. 1 layer of the mixture was applied reducing gradually the hardness of the tail by water addiction.

- In the third layer on six different board sectors (1a and b, 2a and b, 3a and b) the components of the invention, in which in all cases appreciate the two compositions necessary for the preparation of the multiprophasic composition with liquid consistency (content of 32% water) and with a dense one (8% water content). In the three sectors, indicated as 1, 2 and 3a, a trial was carried out additional deposition of a fourth metallic layer of silver.

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- In the corresponding sectors in the compositions the adhesive was varied using them concentrations the three fundamental adhesives, namely Acetate made of polyvinyl, Acril 33, Plextol B-500. The amount of the adhesives was in all cases the same (8 and 12%). In all  the cases the mineral used was a bowl with black hue and the synthetic stucco was the Blumestuc, with a concentration of 50 and 70% depending on the desired consistency in the product.

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Table 6. Test specimens that model restoration tests on the obverse of Table 2

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TABLE 2 Obverse

6

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Test of specimens that model a restoration task on the obverse of Table 2 (cont.)

The application on the obverse of Table 2 additionally it is shown in Figure 6 and its data in the Table 7. The pH values between 6 and 7, corresponding to the  formulations 1a and 1b, 2a and 2b, 3a and 3b of the sectors of the third layer of the obverse of Table 1. Additionally silver operations performed on a fourth layer, separated in the mentioned sectors 1, 2, and 3a. They were rehearsed the Application of fine silver without burnishing, and burnished.

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Table 7 - Test of specimens that model a restoration task on the back of Table 2

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TABLE 2 Obverse

7

The results obtained in aging accelerated test tubes, as well as their application in the restoration They have been satisfactory.

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Test of specimens that model a restoration task on the reverse of Table 2

The application on the back of Table 2 is shown in Figure 7 and its data in Table 8. It is appreciated that The application is carried out on three sectors (1st, 2nd, and 3rd), which reproduce the necessary operation in the treatment of surface during the restoration process. When applying the third layer its surface was divided into three different sectors on which the compositions according to the invention were applied. The fundamental components were varied within the limits Optimal found. In all three sectors no trial was performed additional metal deposition.

Method of surface treatment, lines show:

- The table as the application base.

- The first layer applied is not the tail of rabbit. It also does not correspond to the preparation of the substrate with a stucco composed of the mixture of the two components used mainly in stucco.

- Thus, the first layer corresponds directly to the treatment with the multipurpose composition of the invention on Only three different sectors of the board. In the layer, in all cases logically only the composition is appreciated corresponding to the preparation with liquid consistency (water content of 32%) for the replacement of small lagoons deep.

The fluid composition with a very high percentage of adhesive is tested in order to carry out an exhaustive study of the response of synthetic adhesives, cracking feasibility and dilution and texture behaviors. In the corresponding sectors to the compositions the adhesive was varied, using the same 1: 1 ratio of the three fundamental adhesives, namely, Polyvinyl acetate, Acril 33, Plextol B-500, with respect to the mixture. In all cases, the mineral used was a bowl with a red hue and the synthetic stucco was Modostuc with a concentration of 50.

The compositions are shown in Table 8 applied and the pH values corresponding to the formulations of the three sectors, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd of the first layer of the reverse of Table 2. Additionally, deposition is not performed. metallic

In all cases the pH in the sectors was around 9.

There is a greater hardness, that is, less flexibility on surfaces obtained with Acril 33, followed by Polyvinyl acetate and Plextol B.500, as we had observed previously.

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Table 8 - Test of specimens that model a restoration task on the back of Table 1

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TABLE 2 Back

8

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Table 8 (continued)

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TABLE 2 (continued)

9

The results obtained in aging accelerated test tubes, as well as their application in the restoration (see related works in Annex 1) have been satisfactory

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Realization Nº 3

Application to reliefs during a restoration task

The multipurpose composition of the invention is applied to three cases of relief. The parameters found as optimal for coating layers in shallow lagoons they remained in all three cases. The three adhesives were varied, Polyvinyl acetate, Acril 33, Plextol B-500, which They had already given positive results.

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Relief test one

In Figure 8 and Table 9 the Application method for the first relief. As you can see, it apply a base coat of rabbit tail (mother tail). Later two layers of the composition of the invention are applied (Stuc.Bol) with the liquid consistency for filling of surfaces and lagoons Shallow In this case a bowl with red hue is used, As an adhesive, polyvinyl acetate, synthetic stucco is used used was the Modostuc and water, in the content it provides liquid consistency All concentrations of components correspond to those determined as optimal for the multipurpose composition of the invention. A layer was applied fake gold metallic, to the mixture. Without burnishing

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Table 9 - Application on a relief using polyvinyl acetate as adhesive

Relief 1

10

The results obtained in aging accelerated test tubes, as well as their application in the restoration They have been satisfactory.

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Relief test 2

Figure 9 and Table 10 present the Results of the application method for the second relief. How it is appreciated, as in the previous case: a layer is applied Rabbit tail base (mother tail), subsequently, two are applied layers of the multipurpose composition of the invention with liquid consistency for filling of surfaces and little gaps deep. In this case a bowl with a red hue is used; how Acril 33 adhesive is used, the synthetic stucco used was the Modostuc, and water in the content that provides a consistency liquid All concentrations of the components correspond to those determined as optimal for the composition of the invention. The metal layer was also fake gold, to the mixture, without burnishing

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Table 10 - Implementation of a relief using as an adhesive the acril 33

Relief 2

eleven

The results obtained in aging accelerated test tubes, as well as their application in the restoration They have been satisfactory.

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Relief test 3

Figure 10 and Table 11 show the method of application for the third relief. As you can see, I don't know apply any base coat of rabbit tail. Directly apply the two layers of the composition of the invention with consistency liquid for surface filling and shallow lagoons. Be use in this case a bowl with red hue, as an adhesive is used  the Plextol B-500, the synthetic stucco used was the Modostuc, and water in the content that provides a liquid consistency All component concentrations correspond to those determined as optimal for the composition multipurpose of the invention. The metal layer was also of fake gold, to the mixture, without burnishing.

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Relief 3

13

The results obtained in aging accelerated test tubes, as well as their application in the restoration They have been satisfactory.

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Essay of the composition in practice in different works of restoration in progress

The composition of the invention has been applied in the cases arising according to embodiments No. 1, 2 and Reliefs Nº 1, 2 and 3. Their experimentation has passed successfully in different conservation and restoration works this request. Also in new works that have been performed satisfactorily.

The results obtained are characterized by advantages over traditional technologies. So, they have developed:

a) A method of preparing the composition multipurpose of the present invention and described the mixtures of its fundamental components within the optimal limits found, which guarantee the properties novel physicochemical composition multipurpose

b) A method of application of this multipurpose composition and exposed its multilateral employment in the restoration of numerous objects of ancient art, showing the different stages that advantageously replace those of the current procedures

Application tests in numerous works by Restoration, or new invoice have shown:

1.- A new product that includes a series of advantages and excellent conservation, maintenance and aging resistance response against deteriorating agents, in addition to offering high profitability, since it allows the shortening of the execution time since, in the specific case of the replacements of the restoration of golden or silver artistic works and in the realizations of gold and silver, in a single action the processes of preparation, priming, isolation and embolado of the piece are solved, thus affecting the cost of the budget, both in relation to the use of materials and the precise workforce. The previous methodology, in general, requires the four processes mentioned, with mandatory execution of them in layers or strata, at least three for the bowl. This requires the use of various products with their corresponding surface drying and polishing times, not knowing the existence of a comparable product in the market.

2.- Need in a single action in the case of priming and preparation of rigid supports for later polychromy; the composition of the invention is also proceeded by  Insulation and primer of the surface, creating a stratum ductile between the support and the feasible polychrome ornamentation later that facilitates the same. The use is excellent for both lean pictorial techniques such as grease, there is no product in the market that provides similar stratum.

3.- That if it is used as synthetic stucco, as a delimitation of areas to replace or as a stratum of determination and isolation in cases of ornamental work of old or new invoice, its use visually and technologically facilitates the realization of the work, specifying the areas to be treated.

4.- That provides an excellent result in the case of being used as a preparatory and unique gold base on polymeric resins, bringing together the qualities of ductility and stability already mentioned, there is also no market comparable product. As a preparatory and unique base also in the execution of chromatic reintegration processes, repositions restorative by means of rigattino and tratteggio techniques, with great advantages, especially in golden works with metallic foil, since in a single stratum the functions required by the completion of this phase, encouraging the shortening of time realization by concentrating the work in a single action and with a Texture surface suitable for its ductility and firmness. Constants that are maintained if used as a replacement layer in archaeological restoration.

It should be noted that the existing products in the market and commonly used in the conservation and restoration of works Artistic commonly called stucco or synthetic putties they need to be polished after drying, in addition to be arranged in different layers, since they tend to surface instability with cracking formation if they give in thick layer, to proceed, then, to the disposition of several layers of bowl as the basis for determining the final result. On the other hand the industrial synthetic stucco of common use in the ornamentation of walls, have a surface excessively hard and of little thickness not useful in the processes of gold and burnished gold, so they are practically impossible to perform or have a very difficult resolution, affecting the final result of the work.

Finally, it is necessary to point out that the composition complies with the three basic principles in Conservation and Restoration of Artistic Works: Reversibility, Discernibility and Respect for the work, because:

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It is completely reversible and not in no case alter or physically or chemically affect the Traditional materials constituting a work.

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It is perfectly detectable, since it is a semi-synthetic material, very important fact in the restoration since:

?

if they are added to the works absolutely synthetic products may have answers from aging different to the whole, to the point of reaching contribute to its deterioration (especially of wooden supports as the wood is a living matter with its own mechanical movement like response to temperature humidity variations, although this It is also applicable to other media).

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if they are added to the works in restoration of totally traditional products or materials, in the hypothetical case that within 100 or 50 years said work must be, again, restored, to elucidate how much and in what form was the  preceding restoration will be, in fact, much more complex.

Thus, it has been established that the components of the multipurpose composition of the present invention (Stuc.Bol), duly combined with each other by the proposed method, create or give place to a preparation of different invoice and coloring according to perform the formulation, from which results are obtained highly satisfactory in relation to the degree of stability and inalterability of the final product. The results, performed Annual work inspections are excellent in conservation and maintenance.

It also presents a very good conservation and maintenance, in addition to offering high profitability by shortening of the time of different execution, since in a single action solve various processes, thus influencing the lower cost of budgets, both in relation to the use of Materials as in precise workmanship.

Once the invention is sufficiently described, as well as five preferred embodiments thereof, you should only add that it is possible to make changes in its constitution and materials used without departing from its scope, defined in the following claims.

Claims (7)

1. A multipurpose composition for the conservation and restoration of artistic works, and new works characterized by comprising 50 to 70% by weight of a synthetic stucco with thixotropic properties, from 8 to 12% by weight of a polymeric adhesive of the type 100% aqueous dispersion acrylic resin, 10 to 12% by weight of iron oxide ore filler of the Bol type and 8 to 30% by weight of distilled water. 2. The multipurpose composition for the preservation and restoration of artistic works according to claim 1 characterized in that said composition in dense form comprises 65-70% by weight of said synthetic stucco with thixotropic properties, 10-12% by weight of said polymeric adhesive of the acrylic resin type, 10-12% by weight of said iron-rich mineral of the Bol type of the selected hue, and 8-15% by weight of water. 3. A multipurpose composition for the conservation and restoration of artistic works according to claim 1 characterized in that said composition in fluid form comprises 50-60% by weight of said synthetic stucco with thixotropic properties, 8-10% by weight of said polymeric adhesive of the acrylic resin type, 10-12% by weight of said iron-rich mineral of the Bol type of the selected hue, and 20-35% by weight of water. 4. Method of preparing a multipurpose composition for the conservation and restoration of artistic works according to claim No. 1 characterized in that said composition is obtained by initial mixing by removing 65-70 parts by weight of said synthetic stucco with thixotropic properties with about 5- 8 parts by weight of distilled water until obtaining a slurry by suspension / complete dissolution of said synthetic stucco; by subsequent addition removing 10-12 parts by weight of said polymeric adhesive of the acrylic resin type, and then by adding, removing, 10-12 parts by weight of said iron-rich mineral of the Bol type; and finally by adding, removing, of the remaining water to a final water content of 8-15% by weight in the total mixture, until a dense consistency of said multipurpose composition is achieved; and because if necessary, the consistency of said mixture is subsequently regulated by a gradual addition of water by removing said mixture, dense type, until reaching 20-30% by weight of water in the total mixture, and thus obtaining a fluid consistency. 5. Method of applying a multi-purpose composition for the conservation and restoration of artistic works, and new works characterized in that said multi-purpose composition, which comprises 50 to 70% by weight of a synthetic stucco with thixotropic properties, from 8 to 12 % by weight of a polymeric adhesive of the acrylic resin type at 100% aqueous dispersion, 10 to 12% by weight of filling of iron oxide ore of the Bol type and from 8 to 30% by weight of distilled water, preferably used in the restoration of golden and / or silver and polychrome surfaces; and in fine arts and architectural ornamentation. 6. The method of applying the multipurpose composition for the conservation and restoration of artistic works according to claim 5, characterized in that said multipurpose composition is used in the restoration of gold and / or silver and polychrome surfaces as a stratum for determining areas to be replaced with gold or silver based on metallic foil and / or polychrome; as a single preparatory base in the color replacements; as synthetic stucco in the volumetric reintegration of the resolution of gaps and missing parts; and as a layer of chromatic and volumetric replacement in the criteria of archaeological restoration by means of neutral, flat or modulated inks. 7. The method of applying the multipurpose composition for the conservation and restoration of artistic works according to claim 5, characterized in that said multipurpose composition is used in the fine arts and architectural ornamentation as a primer and preparation of all types of rigid supports (wood , plasters, polymeric resins, and the like.); as an insulating layer on porous surfaces (plasters and walls), for later polychrome; as a stratum of determination, delimitation, preparation and isolation in cases of ornamental work of new invoice; as filler putty; and because it can be applied, as appropriate, on surfaces to which a rabbit tail base has been applied first and subsequently a stucco base based on calcium carbonate and / or calcium sulfate hemihydrate with rabbit tail as adhesive; and on surfaces to which no preparation has been made.