ES2332757A1 - Method of extraction of high quality dna in bivalve mollusc textiles. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Method of extraction of high quality dna in bivalve mollusc textiles. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2332757A1
ES2332757A1 ES200702783A ES200702783A ES2332757A1 ES 2332757 A1 ES2332757 A1 ES 2332757A1 ES 200702783 A ES200702783 A ES 200702783A ES 200702783 A ES200702783 A ES 200702783A ES 2332757 A1 ES2332757 A1 ES 2332757A1
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dna
extraction
genomic dna
high quality
bivalve
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ES2332757B1 (en
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Josefina Mendez Felpeto
Juan Fernandez Tajes
Jose Baldomero Garcia Gil
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Universidade da Coruna
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Universidade da Coruna
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/10Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
    • C12N15/1003Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor

Abstract

Method of extraction of high quality dna in tissues of bivalve molluscs. The isolation and purification of dna is the prerequisite for the realization of molecular techniques. Despite the numerous commercial kits and protocols existing in the literature, there is no specific dna extraction method for mollusc tissues. The present method allows the rapid and economic purification of genomic dna from different tissues of bivalve molluscs: mantle, muscle, gonad and gill. The present methodology allows the extraction of dna from fresh products, frozen, preserved in ethanol and manufactured (in the case of canned products, the dna obtained can be used to perform pcr in a direct way). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Método de extracción de ADN de alta calidad en tejidos de moluscos bivalvos.High quality DNA extraction method in bivalve mollusk tissues.

Objeto de la invenciónObject of the invention

La presente invención se refiere a un único método de extracción universal de ADN de alta calidad en moluscos bivalvos a partir de cualquiera de estos tipos de tejido: manto, músculo, gónada y branquia.The present invention relates to a single method of universal extraction of high quality DNA in mollusks bivalves from any of these types of tissue: mantle, muscle, gonad and gill.

Antecedentes de la invenciónBackground of the invention

Los kits de extracción de ADN genómico de alta calidad, para la amplificación por PCR más utilizados y de mayor calidad entre los existentes en el mercado (DNA extraction kit (Fermentas), ChargeSwitch qDNA microtissue kit (Invitrogen), DNeasy blood & Tissue kit (Qiagen), etc) son específicos para la extracción de ADN de alta calidad a partir de tejidos procedentes de moluscos bivalvos y normalmente sólo pueden utilizarse a partir de un tipo de tejido. El método que se presenta puede utilizarse para extraer cualquier ADN genómico bicatenario a partir de los siguientes tipos de tejido procedentes de muestras de bivalvos: manto, músculo, gónada y branquia. La mayor parte de los métodos existentes en el mercado emplean matrices compuestas de resinas especiales que retienen el ADN y algunos emplean productos químicos para la obtención del ADN que son tóxicos. Si nos ceñimos a los métodos de extracción de ADN que son utilizados en la inmensa mayoría de los laboratorios de investigación de las Universidades españolas éstos requieren el uso de compuestos tóxicos como el beta mercaptoetanol para conformar el buffer de lisis y una sucesión de lavados con compuestos como el fenol y el cloroformo, que también son perjudiciales para la salud, para la eliminación de restos celulares y proteínas. Las ventajas del método descrito en esta patente respecto a los utilizados tradicionalmente se basan en que los tampones utilizados no contienen ningún componente tóxico y pueden ser manejados sin medidas de seguridad adicionales. Además, el tiempo necesario para realizar una extracción de ADN a partir de tejido de moluscos bivalvos requería dos días; en nuestro caso, el tiempo se reduce a 5 horas. En la literatura científica también existen métodos que no requieren compuestos tóxicos y que su tiempo de realización es bastante inferior a dos días, sin embargo estos métodos de extracción utilizan el compuesto Chelex que posee un elevado precio y requiere incubaciones a temperaturas elevadas.The high genomic DNA extraction kits quality, for the amplification by PCR more used and of greater quality among those on the market (DNA extraction kit (Fermentas), ChargeSwitch qDNA microtissue kit (Invitrogen), DNeasy blood & Tissue kit (Qiagen), etc.) are specific to the high quality DNA extraction from tissues of bivalve molluscs and can usually only be used from of a type of tissue. The method presented can be used to extract any double-stranded genomic DNA from the following types of tissue from bivalve samples: mantle, muscle, gonad and gill. Most of the methods existing on the market use matrices composed of resins specials that retain DNA and some use chemicals for obtaining DNA they are toxic. If we stick to the DNA extraction methods that are used in the vast most of the research laboratories of the Universities Spanish these require the use of toxic compounds such as beta mercaptoethanol to form the lysis buffer and a succession of washes with compounds such as phenol and chloroform, which also they are harmful to health, for the disposal of remains Cellular and protein. The advantages of the method described in this patent regarding those traditionally used are based on that the buffers used do not contain any toxic components and They can be handled without additional security measures. Further, the time required to perform a DNA extraction from bivalve mollusc tissue required two days; in our case, the Time is reduced to 5 hours. In the scientific literature too there are methods that do not require toxic compounds and that their time of realization is much less than two days, however these Extraction methods use the Chelex compound that has a high price and requires incubations at high temperatures.

El método descrito en esta patente es uno de los más rápidos existentes en la actualidad. No requiere de reactivos tóxicos ni de equipamiento especial por lo que resulta aplicable en cualquier laboratorio bajo cualquier condición, además el precio de la fabricación de los tampones necesarios es bastante bajo lo que se convierte en una ventaja en aquellos laboratorios que posean un presupuesto no muy elevado. A pesar de que el método que se describe en esta memoria presenta posibilidades de comercializarse como kit comercial, la elaboración de una manera rápida y sencilla de los tampones necesarios para aislar el ADN, hace posible que sea manufacturado totalmente por la persona encargada de realizar la extracción sin repercutir en la rapidez ni en la complejidad del proceso total. La presente metodología puede ser empleada por cualquier individuo, independientemente de sus conocimientos y experiencia, lo que la hace apta incluso para personal no cualificado.The method described in this patent is one of the faster existing today. Does not require reagents toxic or special equipment so it is applicable in any laboratory under any condition, in addition to the price of the manufacture of the necessary buffers is quite low what It becomes an advantage in those laboratories that have a Budget not too high. Although the method that is described in this report presents possibilities of commercialization As a commercial kit, developing quickly and easily of the buffers necessary to isolate the DNA, makes it possible manufactured entirely by the person in charge of carrying out the extraction without affecting the speed or complexity of the total process This methodology can be used by any individual, regardless of their knowledge and experience, which makes it suitable even for non-staff skilled.

En el caso de que el tejido para la obtención de ADN sea material congelado o preservado en alcohol, el rendimiento en la cantidad y la calidad del ADN obtenido no se ven afectados independientemente de la antigüedad del material, algo que sí afecta al rendimiento si aplicamos los otros métodos existentes.In the case that the tissue for obtaining DNA is material frozen or preserved in alcohol, yield in the quantity and quality of the DNA obtained are not affected regardless of the age of the material, something that does affect to performance if we apply the other existing methods.

El ADN obtenido es estable a 4ºC por períodos largos de tiempo (hasta 2 años) y congelado a -20ºC por más tiempo (más de 3 años).The DNA obtained is stable at 4 ° C for periods long (up to 2 years) and frozen at -20ºC for longer (more than 3 years).

El objeto de la metodología propuesta consiste en resolver el vacío que existía en los métodos de extracción de ADN específicos de moluscos bivalvos de una manera rápida y sencilla sin necesidad de emplear equipamiento especial ni productos tóxicos.The purpose of the proposed methodology is in solving the void that existed in the extraction methods of DNA specific to bivalve molluscs quickly and simple without using special equipment or products Toxic

Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention

La presente invención tiene como objeto la purificación rápida y económica de ADN genómico de alta calidad a partir de muestras de tejido procedentes de moluscos bivalvos (a partir de muestras de manto, músculo, gónada y branquia).The present invention aims at fast and economical purification of high quality genomic DNA at from tissue samples from bivalve molluscs (a from samples of mantle, muscle, gonad and gill).

El método consiste en los siguientes pasos: lisis de la muestra (aproximadamente 20 mg de tejido) durante 1 hora y media mediante su incubación en el tampón de lisis a una temperatura de 65ºC, adición del tampón de precipitación, incubación en hielo durante 15 minutos, y centrifugación durante 10 minutos. Precipitación del ADN con isopropanol, centrifugación 10 minutos, lavado del precipitado y resuspensión del ADN en agua. Es un método rápido y eficaz y es específico para la extracción de ADN a partir de distintos tejidos de moluscos bivalvos. No requiere de reactivos tóxicos ni de equipamiento especial por lo que resulta aplicable en cualquier laboratorio. El paso de desproteinización (mediante el empleo de la proteinasa K) es opcional por lo que en el caso de no contar con esa enzima se puede obtener de igual forma un ADN de alta calidad.The method consists of the following steps: sample lysis (approximately 20 mg of tissue) for 1 hour and a half by incubating in the lysis buffer at a 65 ° C temperature, precipitation buffer addition, incubation on ice for 15 minutes, and centrifugation for 10 minutes. Precipitation of DNA with isopropanol, centrifugation 10 minutes, washing of the precipitate and resuspension of the DNA in water. It's a method fast and efficient and is specific for DNA extraction from of different tissues of bivalve molluscs. Does not require reagents toxic or special equipment so it is applicable in any laboratory The deproteinization step (through the use of proteinase K) is optional so in the case of no having that enzyme can also obtain a high DNA  quality.

El ADN obtenido es estable a 4ºC por lo menos durante 1 año y congelado a -20ºC por más de 3 años.The DNA obtained is stable at 4 ° C at least for 1 year and frozen at -20ºC for more than 3 years.

El método es aplicable en distintos tejidos de moluscos bivalvos y se puede obtener ADN de alta calidad a partir de material fresco, congelado o procesado lo que lo convierte en un método idóneo a la hora de obtener material genético en laboratorios que analizan productos alimenticios para cumplir con la normativa europea de etiquetado de productos procedentes de la pesca y la acuicultura.The method is applicable in different fabrics of bivalve molluscs and high quality DNA can be obtained from of fresh, frozen or processed material which makes it a ideal method when obtaining genetic material in laboratories  that analyze food products to comply with regulations European labeling of products from fisheries and aquaculture.

También es aplicable a la hora de obtener ADN genómico de calidad en cantidad suficiente para análisis de PCR con fines de investigación básica.It is also applicable when obtaining DNA genomic quality in sufficient quantity for PCR analysis with Basic research purposes.

Así pues, la presente invención se refiere a:Thus, the present invention relates to to:

Un método de extracción de ADN genómico de moluscos bivalvos, que comprende la lisis de la muestra con lauril sarcosin sódico como principal compuesto activo del tampón de lisis y una etapa de precipitación con acetato amónico 5 molar como tampón de precipitación. En dicho método no se emplean. resinas que retienen el ADN ni compuestos tóxicos como el beta-mercaptoetanol, fenol y cloroformo.A method of genomic DNA extraction from bivalve molluscs, which includes lysis of the sample with lauryl sarcosin sodium as the main active compound of the lysis buffer and a precipitation stage with 5 molar ammonium acetate as buffer of precipitation. In this method they are not used. resins that retain DNA or toxic compounds such as beta-mercaptoethanol, phenol and chloroform.

La muestra utilizada en dicho método es una muestra fresca, conservada en alcohol o congelada y es obtenida a partir del manto, músculo, gónada y/o branquia del molusco bivalvo.The sample used in this method is a fresh sample, preserved in alcohol or frozen and is obtained at from the mantle, muscle, gonad and / or gill of the mollusk bivalve.

El ADN genómico extraído y conservado en solución acuosa es de peso molecular elevado.Genomic DNA extracted and conserved in Aqueous solution is of high molecular weight.

Descripción de la figuraDescription of the figure

Para contemplar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva, como parte integral de la misma, una figura, en la que, con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se representa una muestra de ADN genómico extraído a partir de los siguientes tejidos: manto, músculo, gónada y branquia.To contemplate the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, is accompanied herein descriptive, as an integral part of it, a figure, in which, illustrative and not limiting, a sample is represented of genomic DNA extracted from the following tissues: mantle, muscle, gonad and gill.

Descripción detallada de una forma de realización preferidaDetailed description of a preferred embodiment

Se toman aproximadamente 20 mg de tejido (en el caso material congelado hay que dejar que se descongele) y se introducen en un tubo con 400 \muL de tampón de lisis y se incuban entre 1 hora y 4 horas (en este paso opcionalmente se puede añadir proteinasa K si se desea aumentar el rendimiento de la extracción). A continuación se añaden 400 \muL de tampón de precipitación, se agita vigorosamente durante 20 segundos y se introducen los tubos en hielo durante 10 min. A continuación se centrifugan 10 a 13000 g. Una vez centrifugados se recupera el sobrenadante por decantación y se le añaden 400 \muL de isopropanol frío o etanol al 100%. Se mezclan los tubos por inmersión y se centrifugan a 13000 g durante 5 minutos. Se desecha el sobrenadante y el precipitado se lava con etanol de 70º invirtiendo el tubo varias veces para seguidamente centrifugar otros 5 minutos a 13000 g. Finalmente se retira el sobrenadante y se deja secar al aire.Approximately 20 mg of tissue is taken (in the case frozen material must be allowed to defrost) and introduced into a tube with 400 µL of lysis buffer and incubate between 1 hour and 4 hours (in this step you can optionally add proteinase K if you want to increase the yield of the extraction). Then 400 µL of buffer is added precipitation, stir vigorously for 20 seconds and introduce the tubes on ice for 10 min. Then you centrifuge 10 to 13000 g. Once centrifuged, the supernatant by decantation and 400 µL of cold isopropanol or 100% ethanol. The tubes are mixed by immersion and centrifuge at 13000 g for 5 minutes. It is discarded the supernatant and the precipitate is washed with 70 ° ethanol inverting the tube several times to then centrifuge another 5 minutes at 13000 g. Finally the supernatant is removed and let air dry.

Una vez que el precipitado está seco se respuspende en un volumen adecuado de agua bidestilada.Once the precipitate is dry it It resuspends in an adequate volume of double-distilled water.

Podemos realizar la comprobación de la presencia de ADN en nuestra solución tomando 1 \muL de dicha disolución previamente mezclada con 4 \muL de agua y 1 \muL de tampón de carga y lo cargamos en un gel de agarosa al 1% y lo corremos en una electroforesis a 150 voltios.We can perform the presence check of DNA in our solution by taking 1 µL of said solution previously mixed with 4 µL of water and 1 µL of buffer load and load it in a 1% agarose gel and run it in a 150 volt electrophoresis.

Visualizaremos nuestro ADN genómico como una banda de más de 1500 pares de bases al exponer el gel teñido con bromuro de etidio a la luz ultravioleta en un transiluminador UV.We will visualize our genomic DNA as a band of more than 1500 base pairs when exposing the stained gel with ultraviolet light ethidium bromide in a transilluminator UV

Claims (4)

1. Método de extracción de ADN genómico de moluscos bivalvos, que comprende la lisis de la muestra con lauril sarcosin sódico como principal compuesto activo del tampón de lisis y una etapa de precipitación con acetato amónico 5 molar como tampón de precipitación.1. Genomic DNA extraction method of bivalve molluscs, which includes lysis of the sample with lauryl sarcosin sodium as the main active compound of the lysis buffer and a precipitation stage with 5 molar ammonium acetate as precipitation buffer. 2. Método de extracción de ADN genómico según la reivindicación 1, en el que no se emplean resinas que retienen el ADN ni compuestos tóxicos como el beta-mercaptoetanol, fenol y cloroformo.2. Method of extraction of genomic DNA according to claim 1, wherein resins that retain the DNA or toxic compounds such as beta-mercaptoethanol, phenol and chloroform. 3. Método de extracción de ADN genómico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-2, donde la muestra es una muestra fresca, conservada en alcohol o congelada y es obtenida a partir del manto, músculo, gónada y/o branquia del molusco bivalvo.3. Method of extraction of genomic DNA according to any of claims 1-2, wherein the sample is a fresh sample, preserved in alcohol or frozen and It is obtained from the mantle, muscle, gonad and / or gill of the bivalve mollusk 4. Método de extracción de ÁDN genómico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-3, caracterizado porque el ADN genómico extraído y conservado en solución acuosa es de peso molecular elevado.4. Method of extraction of genomic DND according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the genomic DNA extracted and preserved in aqueous solution is of high molecular weight.
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US20070077573A1 (en) * 2005-10-03 2007-04-05 Shinshu University Method for extracting DNA from sample of organism

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