ES2326013A1 - Swing window frame with glazing to facilitate cleaning - Google Patents

Abstract

A swing window frame with glazing to facilitate its cleaning, applicable both to windows that are already installed as well as to ones of new construction, irrespective of the type of opening with which they are fitted and the material used in the manufacture of same, characterised in that in addition to the traditional frame it includes a sash that surrounds the outside perimeter of the glazing included in each of the leaves of the windows. A window frame according to claim 1, characterised in that it incorporates a set of hardware items which provide the swivel function, including amongst these hinges that maintain a respective protruding portion capable of being inserted in a corresponding cavity located advantageously in the frame of each respective leaf. A window frame according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that it includes other items of hardware aimed at providing closing means, which comprise hinges connected by means of pins to a closing fixture provided with openings sized so that they admit the insertion of two fingers to actuate two buttons at the same time, which, when pressed, permit the opening of the glazed part, by means of a swing action around a pivot pin.

Description

Ballistic system for control and extinction of forest fires.

Object of the invention

The present invention, as expressed in the statement of this specification refers to a system ballistics for the control and extinction of forest fires, whose purpose is to provide innovative means to direct extinguishing actions of fires, preferably forestry, also providing preventive positions and firewall, for which the invention has means of projectile firing in which extinguishing substances are housed which are released in each projectile after launch.

With the development of a mobile ballistic system that positions loads of a particular extinguishing agent at distance, it is intended to have a rapid acting ability and sure, increase the effectiveness of the current means of extinction of fires, reduce the risks of personnel involved in your extinction, and minimize the effects of fire on ecosystems

Background of the invention

The main drawbacks of the systems Current firefighting refers mainly to danger that operators, both terrestrial and air vehicles, access difficulties to the fire place, a meteorological factors and supply constraints and transport of extinguishing substances.

The phenomenon of forest fires has become one of the biggest ecological problems at the level worldwide, especially in Spain and Portugal. The current trend in The number of fires and burned area is increasing. The technological innovations in this field, mainly focus in prevention techniques, prediction and resource management in the Fight against fire.

It is a well known fact that water in state Natural is not a very effective way to put out a fire because that up to 98% of the water does not participate in the extinction but that on the contrary, it slips from the burning objects without reaching Even primary combustion.

Currently, firefighting is carried out by air vehicles, with airplanes (seaplanes or land) and helicopters, and with land vehicles; pumpers, motor pumps, etc. that carry water and that is thrown on the focus of the fire, usually with chemical additives, such as water boiling point retardants or foaming agents for hinder combustion once the mixture has spread.

The operation of the air means must be carried out at a very low height and in "flight" conditions visual ", that is, day and in sight of the fire and the surrounding orography. Once the liquid is launched  over the fire zone, the aircraft has to reload again water in a swamp, lake or nearby sea in the case of seaplanes and helicopters or at an airport, airfield or place enabled at effect, in the case of land planes and although it depends on the geographical and infrastructure environment in the area of fire, you can set the time in no less than 15 minutes means that it will take time for the aircraft to return to its position of launching.

As for terrestrial means, they have a great limitation on access to forest fire and its action is limited to areas near communication channels that allow its He passed.

Regarding the effective extinction area that is able to cover an aircraft, depends on varied and complex factors, difficult to assess, such as type, quantity and status of the vegetation that is burning, the wind, the reigning smoke and the existing turbulence, as well as the height and accuracy of the launch, which in turn may depend on the orographic environment and of course the amount of liquid that is capable of transporting the aircraft, since this can vary from 500 to 6,000 liters, even having planes with greater capacity, but with the inconvenient that due to their large size they have little maneuverability, especially at a very low height. In addition, due to their size, they are land planes that require a lot Infrastructure for use. Moreover, your reaction time and rotation is much higher than that of small planes or medium, so they are only really effective in environments very specific orographic and geographical, so that for the purpose of the study that concerns us, can be considered as a useful area extinguished the range of 500 m 2 for helicopters or small airplanes at 2,000 m 2 at best for medium planes. Either way, statistics and data in this regard are scarce, diffuse and even contradictory, depending on who issues them, if the builders or agencies officers.

What is evident is the great importance of air means in the fight against forest fires, as well as that the accuracy and timing of the launch and the continuity in these are the most important factors for achieve maximum effectiveness in extinction.

The new inventions in this field of extinction focus on improving certain aspects of systems already  existing; reduced time, increased capacity load, etc. Examples of these improvements are the new Canadair CL-415, BE-200, in aerial vehicles and Jumbo Tank PHF 20T in land vehicles.

Conventional air and land means of  Fire fighting have operating limitations, such as they are the meteorological type (exclusively daytime operation, clouds, mists, winds, etc.), the orographic type (inaccessibility of burning areas, danger of past) or operational type (reaction times, times between passes).

Accessibility to the focus of the fire is one of the most important problems in extinguishing a fire forest. Approximately 60% of fires are of character intended so the focus is usually located as inaccessible possible to cause as much damage as possible.

The dependence of the communication and environmental conditions are the great limitations of current systems To access where there are no such roads and at any time, it is necessary to use vehicles Aerial These must perform the tasks of loading and unloading, so that the useful time of extinction is practically half of the flight time.

We do not know in the current state of the art no ballistic system for fire control and extinction that has projectile firing means in which house the extinguishing substances, as does the system of the present invention

Description of the invention

To achieve the objectives and avoid drawbacks indicated above, the invention consists of a  ballistic system for fire control and fire fighting forestry, which facilitates the extinction of the corresponding fire with application of water and / or extinguishing substances.

Novelly, according to the invention, the system of the same account with projectile firing means in which they house the aforementioned extinguishing substances, which are released in each projectile after launch; facilitating so much direct extinction actions as preventive positions and firewall.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned firing means consist of at least one cannon capable of acting with angles greater and less than 45º and positioned in the chassis of a vehicle or fixedly installed in strategic places.

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned cannon has an air compressor capable of reaching pressures of the order of 100 bar and a compressed air tank of sufficient volume.

In said embodiment, each projectile presents a base that hinges two lateral halves joined superiorly by a head, and laterally by a system zipper type, and between which some capsules are housed fire extinguishers; presenting that base a parachute housing which is released once the projectile has been disassembled, thereby The aforementioned capsules are also released.

These extinguishing capsules are configured, according to the  preferred embodiment of the invention, in hexagonal capsules stacked in a multi-level tower and united in a network that improves the distribution and spacing between them in their application.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, each of those levels has thirty-seven capsules hexagonally arranged

According to said preferred embodiment of the invention, said capsules of the same level are attached through flexible elements, allowing to maintain a geometry determined, as well as a spacing between the capsules, while the following levels are linked to one of the capsules of the previous level, in order to draw a mosaic in its fall; from so that by varying the separation between capsules contiguous, the density of the extinguishing agent can be varied dissipated per unit area; creating tiles online or in polygonal shape depending on the application for direct attack or Firewall

Inside the capsules, together with the extinguishing agent, a small amount of water can be added (approximately 10 g) or other chemical with appropriate Steam phase expansion ratio.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, Each capsule has a temperature opening (between 300 and 500 ° C) determinant of the increase in internal pressure (between 60 and 80 bars) that produces its breakage.

In addition, each capsule can have two caps with a notch that favors its breakage in a controlled way.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the  head of each projectile has a mechanical timer that allows programming the projectile disassembly moment after its launching.

That timer can be mounted in two halves separable and have an actuator that moves by action of air pressure after launch thus activating timer, a closing mechanism that acts on a trigger and an elastic energy storage element.

After the time that has elapsed programmed the timer, and at a certain height above the objective, this will release the locking mechanism interlock of the trigger, producing the separation of the halves separable, which will turn in the opposite direction to the advance of the projectile by the action of the wind, so that when the air enters inside the high-speed projectile the parachute is moved back quickly, unfolding and producing the projectile braking, starting at that time the capsules a free fall, already separated from the projectile, with which the capsules they will separate in their fall, but they will keep their distance and spatial distribution with which they have been linked.

With the structure described, the system of the invention has the advantages of allowing an attack continued from the fire, allows to carry out extinguishing actions with regardless of weather conditions, allows attacks direct on the fire, it makes possible the extinction from the base of the flames, allows to avoid the use of water in extinction in periods of higher risk and facilitates the use of the system isolated for creating firewalls and creating perimeters of control. In addition, risks of excessive approximation of Operators to the fire.

Then, to facilitate a better understanding of this descriptive report and being an integral part of the same, some figures are accompanied in which with character illustrative and not limiting the object of the invention.

       \ vskip1.000000 \ baselineskip
    

Brief description of the figures

Figure 1.- Represents a perspective view. of a vehicle with projectile firing means, made according to the ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires of the present invention.

Figure 2.- It is a perspective view of a projectile usable with the firing means referred to in the previous figure 1 and made according to the system of the invention.

Figure 3.- Represents a perspective view. of the projectile of the previous figure 2 once it is found partially open, showing a tower of material capsules extinguisher inside.

Figure 4.- Represents a perspective view. of the projectile of the previous figures 2 and 3 once it has been triggered and open, the media being deployed Firefighting

Figure 5.- It is a perspective view analogous to part of the previous figure 4 but the said means of extinction in a phase of greater deployment.

Figure 6.- Represents a perspective view. of a detail of the projectile of the previous figures 2 to 5, showing the base on which side halves are articulated and in which a parachute is housed.

Figure 7.- Represents a perspective view. from a timer device that is included in the projectile head referred to in the previous figures.

Figure 8.- It is a view similar to the previous one Figure 7 but finding a device closing mechanism timer in open arrangement, while the previous Figure 7 showed it closed.

Figure 9.- Represents a perspective view. from the top of the projectile mentioned in previous figures, showing the arrangement in it of the mechanism Timer referred to in Figures 7 and 8.

Figure 10.- It is a perspective view of the timer mechanism of figures 7 to 9 but showing details  of its internal constitution.

Figure 11.- It is a perspective view of some separable halves on which the timer device is mounted referred to in figures 7 to 10.

       \ vskip1.000000 \ baselineskip
    

Description of an embodiment of the invention

Following is a description of a example of the invention with reference to numbering Adopted in the figures.

Thus, the ballistic system for control and extinguishing forest fires of the present example of the invention has a trigger means 1 which in the present example are materialized by a cannon that can act with angles greater and less than 45º and that is positioned in the chassis of a vehicle 2, as can be seen in figure 1.

The projectiles launched by that cannon 1 can see in figure 2 in its firing arrangement, appreciating in Figures 3 to 11 details of said projectiles 3 or phases of the Same after launch.

Each projectile 3 houses some substances fire extinguishers, so that after its release this release is released extinguishing substance, allowing direct extinction actions of fires and preventive positioning, as well as Firewall

In the present example, barrel 1 has a air compressor capable of reaching pressures of the order of 100 bar and a reservoir of compressed air of sufficient volume.

On the other hand, each projectile 3 has a base 5 that holds hinges 11 to two halves lateral 4 joined superiorly by a head and between which they house some extinguishing capsules 7, having that base of a housing 10 for a parachute 8 that is released once the projectile 3 has been disassembled, which also releases the referred to capsules 7, as shown in figures 3 to 6.

In the present example the referred capsules 7 extinguishers are configured in hexagonal capsules stacked in a tower of several levels and united in a network 9 that improves the distribution and spacing between them in their application, such and as seen in figures 3, 4 and 5; disposing each of said levels of thirty-seven capsules 7 arranged hexagonally; although in other examples both geometry and arrangement of those cans or capsules 7 can be varied.

In addition, according to the present example of the invention, capsules 7 of the same level are attached through flexible elements, allowing to maintain a geometry determined, as well as a spacing between them, while the following levels are linked to some of the capsules 7 of the previous level, to draw a mosaic in its fall, of so that by varying the separation between capsules 7 contiguous, the density of the extinguishing agent can be varied dissipated per unit area, appreciating part of the referred mosaic in figure 5.

In the present example, inside the capsules 7, together with the extinguishing agent, a small amount of water of about 10 g., or another chemical with appropriate ratio Steam phase expansion.

On the other hand, in the present example each Capsule 7 has a temperature opening between 300 and 500ºC  determinant of the increase in internal pressure, between 60 and 80 bar, It causes its breakage.

Capsules 7 can be made with two caps and a notch that favors its breakage in a controlled way.

Another characteristic detail of the present example  it consists of a mechanical timer 12 that is in the head 6 of projectile 3 and which allows to program the moment of disassembled, said timer 12 being appreciated in figures 7 to 10. This mechanical timer 12 is mounted in two halves separable 17 that can be seen in figures 9 and 11.

In addition, timer 12 has a actuator 14 that is displaced by air pressure after launching thus activating the timer, a mechanism of closure 13 acting on a trigger 16 and an elastic element of energy storage 15, as can be seen in the Figures 7, 8 and 10.

After the time that has elapsed Timer 12 programmed, at a certain height above the target of the application, the locking mechanism interlock is released of trigger 16, producing separation of halves separable 17, which rotate in the opposite direction to the advance of the projectile by the action of the wind. Thus, when the air enters the interior of the projectile at high speed, parachute 8 is displaced backward, unfolding and braking the projectile 3, so that the capsules 7 begin a free fall already separated from the projectile and separating but maintaining a distance and spatial distribution that optimizes the distribution of extinguishing agents

In addition, it is planned that in the management of system of the present example at least two people are available responsible for shooting and reloading maneuvers, being able to perform their extinction tasks in an area equal to 2 \ p2, where r is the range of cannon 1, creating control perimeters inside of that surface. Thus, with a small number of people you can act on a wide area of land, providing Operators and resources in an efficient manner.

Claims (13)

1. Ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires, which facilitates the extinction of the corresponding fire with application of water and / or extinguishing substances; characterized in that it has firing means (1) of projectiles (3) in which the aforementioned extinguishing substances are housed, which are released in each projectile (3) after its launch; facilitating both direct extinction actions as well as preventive and firewall positions. 2. Ballistic system for controlling and extinguishing forest fires, according to claim 1, characterized in that said firing means consist of at least one cannon (1) capable of acting at angles greater and less than 45 ° and positioned in the chassis of a vehicle (2) or fixedly installed in strategic locations. 3. Ballistic system for controlling and extinguishing forest fires, according to claim 2, characterized in that said cannon (1) has an air compressor capable of reaching pressures of the order of 100 bars and a reservoir of compressed air volume enough. 4. Ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires, according to claim 1, characterized in that each projectile (3) has a base (5) that hinges (11) two lateral halves (4) joined together by a top head (6) and between which some extinguishing capsules (7) are housed; presenting that base (5) a housing (10) of a parachute (8) that is released once the projectile (3) has been disassembled, thereby also releasing the said capsules (7). 5. Ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires, according to claim 4, characterized in that said extinguishing capsules (7) are configured in hexagonal capsules stacked in a multi-level tower and connected in a network (9) that improves the distribution and spacing between them in their application. 6. Ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires, according to claim 5, characterized in that each of said levels has thirty-seven capsules (7) arranged hexagonally. 7. Ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires, according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the capsules (7) of the same level are joined by flexible elements, allowing to maintain a certain geometry, as well as a spacing between the capsules (7), while the following levels are linked to some of the capsules (7) of the previous level, in order to draw a mosaic in its fall; so that by varying the separation between adjacent capsules (7), the density of extinguishing agent dissipated per unit area is achieved; Mosaics are created online or in polygonal form depending on the application for direct attack or firewall. 8. Ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires, according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that within the capsules (7), together with the extinguishing agent, a small amount of water is added (approximately 10 g) or another chemical with an appropriate vapor phase expansion ratio. 9. Ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires, according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that each capsule (7) has a temperature opening (between 300 and 500 ° C) determining the increase in internal pressure (between 60 and 80 bar) that produces its breakage. 10. Ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires, according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that each capsule (7) has two caps with a notch that favors its breakage in a controlled manner. 11. Ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires, according to claim 4, characterized in that said head (6) has a mechanical timer (12) that allows programming the moment of disassembly of the projectile (3) after its launch . 12. Ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires, according to claim 11, characterized in that said timer (12) is mounted in two separable halves (17) and has an actuator (14) that moves by action of the air pressure after launching thus activating the timer, a closing mechanism (13) acting on a trigger (16) and an elastic energy storage element (15). 13. Ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires, according to claim 12, characterized in that the time elapsed with which the timer (12) has been programmed, and at a certain height above the target, it releases the interlocking mechanism of closing of the trigger (16), producing the separation of the separable halves (17), which turn in the opposite direction to the advance of the projectile by the action of the wind, so that when the air enters the interior of the projectile at high speed (speed of the projectile at that moment), the parachute (8) is moved back quickly, unfolding and producing the braking of the projectile (3), starting at this time the capsules (7) a free fall, already separated from the projectile (3 ), with which the capsules (7) will be separated in their fall, but will maintain the distance and spatial distribution with which they have been joined.