ES2312534T3 - DRILLING TOOL FOR DISPLACEMENTS AND EQUIPMENT USING THE SUCH TOOL. - Google Patents

Abstract

A drilling tool (12) for making batteries in the field comprising a tip, a top end and a longitudinal axis (x) for connecting with at least one rotary follower tube, and a helical fin surrounding said rod (18), being said cutting means fin (28) provided, said drilling tool being characterized in that the external diameter of said rod decreases from the upper end to the tip, to compact the wall of the hole formed by said tool, said helical fin having an external diameter substantially constant and because said cutting means (28) are fixed to said helical fin (20) near said tip, said cutting means projecting out of said helical fin and extending along a fixed direction substantially perpendicular to said longitudinal axis to produce a helical groove in said compacted wall.

Description

Drilling tool for displacements and equipment that uses this tool.

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The present invention refers to a drilling tool for travel and equipment for make batteries in said land, using said installation the mentioned scroll drilling tool.

There are three important categories in the technique of making batteries in the ground.

The first category is called "Posts of impulse ". A precast concrete pile is driven to the ground or earth by means of a percussive hammer. This process has the advantage of improving soil compaction, so that design rules can allow very high safety coefficients favorable. However, this type of battery or post is not accepted in many places as it creates high noise levels and high vibration levels on the ground which could cause damage to neighboring structures

The second category is called "Piles of excavation ". According to this technique the earth is excavated by middle of a shovel or auger, both of which are rotary types of Drilling equipment. Here the problem lies in avoiding the decompression of the earth, which decreases its carrying capacity and it can cause settlements that can also be harmful for neighboring structures. This technique is more cordial with the environment environment that impulse posts since rotary drilling It is less noisy and creates little or no vibration.

Finally, the third category is called "Rotary displacement batteries". Drilling equipment It is designed to move the terrain horizontally and compact it around the sides of the hole during the process of drilling. A minimum part of the earth remains are taken to the surface, and the higher density of the adjoining land improves the battery capacity.

The present invention refers to the third category

When a pile or pile is made on the ground It is important to obtain a good compact wall of the perforation. It is also important to carry out a good anchoring of the pile in the land. For this purpose a slot can be provided helical in the hole wall. When the concrete is injected in the hole, the concrete also fills the helical groove to form a cement wire that ensures the anchoring of the pile. Another advantage of the helical wire is that it allows a reduction Significant amount of concrete needed.

Drilling tools based on rotary displacement technique are well known per se same. For example, US 6,033,152 and EP 0 693 158 describe two types of drilling tool that carry out a horizontal displacement of the land during the operation of drilling. Another exposition of such a tool is that of WO 94/02687 A, as described in the preamble of the claim 1.

However, the drilling tools of displacement have significant drawbacks especially in relation to the quality of the concrete thread of the pile.

A first object of the present invention is provide a scroll drilling tool that overcome the disadvantages of drilling tools known.

To achieve this object, according to the present invention, the drilling tool is constituted by a stem that has a tip, a top end and a shaft longitudinal, which connect with at least one follower tube rotating, and a helical fin surrounding said rod, being characterized in said drilling tool in which the diameter external of said rod decreases from the upper end to the tip, said helical fin having an external diameter substantially constant and in that it also comprises means of cut, like tongs, fixed to said helical fin next to said tip, said cutting means projecting out of said fin helical and extending along one direction substantially perpendicular to said longitudinal axis.

It will be understood that the narrowed rod leads to out the horizontal displacement of the earth and the compaction of the hole wall during the downward displacement of the tool. During upward displacement of the tool, the pliers that project out of the fin, they produce the helical groove in the compact hole wall.

Another object of the present invention is Provide equipment to make batteries in the ground.

The team consists of:

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a drilling tool;

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media for a first motor to rotate said drilling tool around its longitudinal axis;

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media for a second motor to move said tool vertically upward and direction drilling falling;

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media of control to apply signals to said first and second motor of so that during downward scrolling, the tool punch rotates clockwise, and so that during the upward movement the drilling tool rotates clockwise with a speed of predetermined rotation and said drilling tool moves in ascending direction with a predetermined linear velocity so  that the helical hole carried out in the hole wall by these tongs it has a predetermined inclination.

It will be understood that the rotation speed and the upward travel speed of the tool can be controlled independently. The tilt of the groove Helical produced by pincers can be predetermined. Further, the inclination can have a varied depth.

Other features and advantages of this invention will be clearer after reading the following description of various embodiments of the invention that are presented as non-limiting examples

The description refers to the figures companions in which:

Figure 1A is an overview of a drilling tool mounted on the bottom end of a tube rotating follower;

Figure 1B is a view of the bottom of the drilling tool, seen from the back of the Figure 1A;

Figure 1C is a sectional view through the punch tool, looking down the line A-A;

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the drilling tool;

Figure 3 shows in more detail the part bottom of drilling tool;

Figure 4 shows two modes of action of the tool thread tongs;

Figure 5 shows in vertical section the profile of a part of a stack made with the tool drill; Y

Figure 6 is a schematic view of the equipment perforator using the drilling tool of Figures 1 to 3.

First, in reference to Figures 1A to 3, the drilling tool 10 with displacement will be described  Rotary

Generally speaking, the tool 10 consists of a drill head that has features Particular geometric

The tool 10 comprises a hollow shank 12 provided with an axial passage 14 for sending concrete, a tip 16 and an upper connector end 18. Stem 12 narrows and the outer diameter D1 of the rod next to the tip 16 is smaller to the outer diameter D2 of the rod at its upper end 18. The Total length of the tool is equal to L1.

In a preferred embodiment, D1 = 160 mm; D2 = 273 mm; and L1 = 1780 mm.

The tool 10 also comprises a fin helical 20 extending along the entire length of the stem 12. The outer diameter D3 of the fin is constant. Preferably, D3 = 330 mm. Also preferably, the tilt of the helical fin is substantially constant and the outer diameter D3 of the fin is substantially equal to larger outer diameter D2 of the stem.

According to a main feature of the invention, the flap 20 is provided with a cutting blade 24, visible in Figures 1B, 1C, 2 and 3. The cutting blade 24 is maintained at a fixed angle? In a sheath of the blade 26 next to the base of the hole near the tip 16 of the tool. The cutting blade 24 projects outwardly from the fin 20 and extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis XX 'of the stem 12. In a preferred embodiment
The length L2 of the sheet is equal to 60 to 85 mm, its thickness e is equal to 25 mm, and an angle α is equal to 15 degrees.

At its lower end, fin 20 has a sheet 28, which is held at a pronounced angle in a sheath of blade 21. A flange 22 'forms a vertical edge to reinforce the sheet cover 21 and help maintain the correct alignment of the drilling tool when it first enters the land.

Preferably, the tool 10 comprises furthermore a follower tube 32 in one or more parts connected to each other and connected to the upper end 18 of the drill shank. He  follower tube 32 has the same diameter D2 as the largest diameter of the narrowed shank of the tool 12. It can be flat or it can have small fins of external diameter similar to those of the drill head, as shown in Figure 1A.

In preferred embodiments, the follower tube It has a length of 12 meters or 18 meters, is formed by 2 or 3 pieces, each piece having a length of 6 meters.

The follower tube 32 performs two functions. Allows the extension of the drilling tool length to allow drilling with the necessary depth, and transmits the rotary action of the drill head to the equipment or platform. The follower tube 32 has no fins.

The modes of action of the cutting blade 24 are will describe with reference to Figure 4.

During its downward movement, the tool rotated clockwise. Leaf cut 24 is designed to provide low resistance of tool penetration by cutting only a thin groove 40 in the wall 42 of the hole 44. The groove section has the Same size as the leaf section. For example, 25 mm x 60 a 85 mm This slot is closed when the earth travels through the action of the narrowed shank 12 of the tool.

During removal, tool 10 still rotates clockwise and the force of necessary momentum to the tool. In this case, the cutting blade 24 cuts a trapezoidal helical groove 46 on the wall 42 of the hole 44. The trapezoidal groove 46 and the hole are filled with concrete, pumped through an axial passage 14 and sent by middle of an open bottom end of the tool shank, while the drilling tool is removed from the ground.

In Figure 2, the cutting blade 24 is arranged at an angle equal to 180 degrees with respect to the blade terminal 28. Preferably, this angle is reduced to approximately 90 degrees, so the cutting blade 24 is still closer to the tip 16 of the tool. In this embodiment Preferably, the cutting blade 24 is closer to the open end of the tool shank through which the concrete. As a result, the filling action of the groove made by the cutting blade 24.

Now, referring to Figure 6, it is described with details the drilling equipment that uses tool 10.

The equipment shown in Figure 6 comprises a stacking platform 50 provided with a vertical mast 52. It move a carriage 54 along the mast 52 by means of a cable 56  driven by a first engine 58. Carriage 54 supports a box of rotary pulse 60. Rotary pulse box 60 is equipped with a second motor 62 to rotate the follower tube 32. Such and as already explained, the drilling tool 10 shown in Figures 1A to 3 are fixed at the lower end of the follower tube 32

The equipment also includes a concrete pump 64. The pump is connected to the upper end of the follower tube by means of a pipe for sending concrete 66 and a connection of rotary seal 68.

In order to control the operation of the equipment, it also includes a first speed transducer 72 to measure the vertical travel speed of tool 10 and a second speed transducer 74 to measure the speed of tool rotation 10. A control unit 76 receives the signals sent by transducers 72 and 74 and emits signals from speed control towards engines 58 and 62. In addition, the tube for concrete shipping 66 to ship the concrete is equipped with  78 and 80 transducers to measure the flow rate of concrete and the concrete pressure.

According to an important feature of the present invention, the lifting speed of the tool 10 and the speed of rotation of the tool can be controlled independently by means of the control unit 76. As consequently, it is possible to obtain a helical groove in the wall of the hole that has a variable degree, and a pile or heap that it has a helical thread with a variable inclination or adjustable.

The ability to adjust or vary the tilt of the helical thread of the stack or heap facilitates the following advantages.

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The ability to match the cut resistance of threads or threads concrete with the shear force of the earth, in order to ensure that premature failure in the concrete does not occur when batteries are charged heavily in dense granulated earth or in hard clay The shear force of the earth can be determined by means of a ground test before battery installation, or by analysis or drilling parameters by instrumentation on the platform when the batteries are installing.

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The ability to limit the load tension between threads or threads of concrete and earth to ensure that a failure does not occur premature as a result of the ground between the threads that are being subjected to too much tension.

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The ability to vary the pile profile with depth, by example:

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small inclination in lower layers from which the battery derives its voltage capacity (zone of anchor)

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drilling tool removal no rotation through compressible top layers of soil to produce a shaft section in the stack with no threads, thereby reducing the negative friction of the shaft.

Figure 5 shows a part of a stack obtained by using the equipment as shown in the Figure 6. This figure shows the concrete stack 86 itself, whose diameter is defined by the outer diameter of the fin and by the helical thread 88 corresponding to blade rotation shear 24 during tool upward travel (see Figure 4).

The preferred way of operating the equipment perforator is as follows:

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Be set the platform in the stack position and adjust a disposable end cap (not shown in the figures) on the part bottom of the drill head.

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Be drill the hole to the desired depth, allowing the drilling tool reach the ground.

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After reach the desired depth, the drilling tool rotates in clockwise (the same as for digging) to reduce friction between the drilling tool and the land.

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When concrete paving is about to begin, the 100 mm perforated tool to allow the end cap free from the drill head.

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He concrete is pumped through the hollow rod 14 of the punch tool until the pressure from the top of the follower tube 32 reaches 2 resistors. The tool punch rotates twice clockwise while letting it drill back to the depth original. This will ensure that any loose soil in the background of the hole is removed and the drill head is inserted completely in concrete.

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The drilling tool rotation continues in the direction of clockwise and ascension begins. Concrete pressure will increase for a short period of time to approximately 10 to 20 resistors before the tool is raised drill. The concrete pump operator must maintain this brief increase in resistance under control to ensure that Concrete delivery pipes are not blocked.

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The drilling tool is raised 300 mm during each rotation to form a thread with an inclination of 300 mm around to the outside of the battery. The amount of momentum may vary. to produce threads of different inclination. The pressure of the concrete at the top of the follower tube should keep between 0.5 and 2.0 resistors during this operation. The impulse speed of the drilling tool must synchronize with its rotation speed by the operator of the platform to form a thread with the inclination desired. The concrete pressure must be controlled from the pump concrete.

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Finally, immediately after having paved with concrete, all loose soil is removed from the top of the stack and the reinforcement is inserted suitable.

The drilling tool for displacement and the drilling rig according to the invention has many advantages compared to known devices.

Performing the battery requires less concrete and produces very few debris.

The torque required to screw the drilling tool on the ground is smaller than that required by Similar known tools.

Claims (8)

1. A drilling tool (12) for making batteries in the field comprising a tip, an upper end and a longitudinal axis (x) for connecting with at least one rotating follower tube, and a helical fin surrounding said rod (18) , said flap of cutting means (28) being provided, said drilling tool being characterized in that the external diameter of said rod decreases from the upper end to the tip, to compact the wall of the hole formed by said tool, said helical fin having a substantially constant external diameter and because said cutting means (28) are fixed to said helical fin (20) near said tip, said cutting means projecting out of said helical fin and extending along a fixed direction substantially perpendicular to said longitudinal axis to produce a helical groove in said compacted wall. 2. A drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that said rod (18) contains an axial passage (14) for sending concrete and also comprises a mobile cover adapted to close the lower end of said axial passage. 3. A drilling tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said helical fin (20) has an inclination that is substantially constant. 4. A drilling tool according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer diameter of the fin (20) is substantially equal to the larger diameter of the narrowed rod. 5. A drilling tool according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it further comprises at least one follower tube without a fin (20), said follower tube laid substantially the same diameter as the upper end of the rod. A drilling tool according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said cutting means (28) are arranged at an angle not exceeding 180 degrees with respect to the lower end of the fin. 7. A device to make batteries in the field, characterized in that it is constituted by: a drilling tool according to the claims 1 to 5,

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media for a first motor to rotate said drilling tool around its longitudinal axis;

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media for a second motor to move said tool vertically upward and directional drilling machine falling;

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media control to apply control signals to the first mentioned and second motor so that during downward travel, the drilling tool rotates clockwise, and so that during upward scrolling the tool hole punch (32) also rotates clockwise with a predetermined rotation speed and said tool drilling machine moves up with a linear speed predetermined by means of which the helical groove made in the wall of the hole by said means of cutting has a default inclination.

An equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that said drilling tool further comprises a movable cover adapted to close the lower part of the axial passage (14) in the tool shank and in that it also comprises means for sending concrete to said passage axial.