ES2298992T3 - DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DECREASING A LOSS OF VAPOR IN A CLOSED SYSTEM. - Google Patents

Abstract

A device with a container (20) defining a closed space and whereby, in a transport direction, a transport of solids occurs from an entrance (21a; 21b) to an exit (22a; 22b), in which The container is divided in the direction of transport into three sections (12, 13, 14), of which in a first section there is essentially a solid-vapor mixture (12), in a second section (13) essentially a mixture of solids-liquid and in an intermediate section located interspersed (14) essentially a mixture of solids-vapor-liquid, in which at least one site of the vessel is provided with equipment (27) for the introduction of an essentially non-condensable gas into the enclosed space

Description

Device and method to reduce a loss of steam in a closed system.

1. Field of the invention

The present invention generally relates to a device and a method to decrease a loss of steam in a closed system The device and the method of this invention are particularly used in the field of obtaining primary fibrous materials (digestion), of the treatment of secondary fibrous material from waste paper, from treatment of material in general and defibration for chipboard production. However, it also They can conceive other technological uses.

2. Background of the invention

The state of the art with respect to the present invention and the technical problem attached thereto, in the which is based on the present invention, are explained by Treatment of secondary fibrous material from used paper. However, the present invention is not limited to this case of application.

In the treatment of secondary fibrous material from used paper, a main objective is to remove contamination and / or revalue the paper used in such a way that the secondary fiber is suitable to produce a final product in the default specification range. Particularly in the production of hygienic items, such as paper hygienic, facial wipes, etc., a degree of adequate sterilization of the pulp before final processing. However, contamination cannot be completely avoided. not even when rigorous conditions are applied with respect to Used paper introduced. Therefore, these contaminations are they have to drive in the process system before the Fibrous material is further processed to paper. In this way, by example, adhesives and coatings, but above all also germs, represent habitual contamination in the material Secondary fibrous paper used. Therefore a factor Main in the treatment of secondary paper fibrous material used, is, among other things, the elimination of germs.

For a better understanding, a system for the treatment of secondary fibrous material from used paper is shown schematically in Figure 1, as described, for example, in DE-A-197 42 729. In the system only components for the elimination of germs, fractionation or milling and dilution of the fibrous material are represented. However, the person skilled in the art will understand that such systems may also contain other additional components (for example, for bleaching, for the so-called "de-inking", etc.). The system shown in Figure 1 is a closed system with an inlet of material 1 and an outlet of material 2. The solid introduced into the system is in this case a fibrous material, which has, by way of example, a certain consistency of OTHER about 35% (oven - dried "or phen tro cken"; DIN EN 20638) and a temperature of about 40C. The fibrous material is introduced by the entry of material 1 into a heating worm 3. For the removal of germs from the fibrous material, the heating worm is subjected to live steam by means of a device for the delivery of live steam 4 in a manner An environment with approximately 1.7 bar of pressure and a temperature of 105 to 115ºC is set on the worm screw. At these temperatures, an effective germ removal of the fibrous material that is transported or conducted in the heating worm and having an adequate residence time in the worm, for example, approximately 20 minutes, can be carried out. With such a pressure system, the material inlet is preferably made by means of an endless screw, so that the endless screw closes the pressure system on the side of the material inlet. After the residence time in the heating worm, during which the fibrous material is continuously conducted, the fibrous material leaves the heating worm and is introduced by an endless screw 5 in a dispersant 6. In the dispersant 6 the harmful contents that remain in the fibrous material after germ removal are dispersed and crushed into small pieces, so that the final product is not adversely affected by the remaining components. Next, the fibrous material exits the dispersant 6 and is introduced by an endless screw 7 in an outlet vessel 8. In the outlet vessel 8 dilution water is introduced by means of a device for the introduction of dilution water 9 in the outlet vessel to make the high consistency fibrous material can be pumped. The fibrous material of medium consistency that can be pumped is then exited by a pump 10 of the outlet vessel 8 and has a consistency of, by way of example, approximately 13% OTHER.

The fibrous material is conducted in this way in a transport address in the system from the entrance of material 1 at the exit of material 2. This system is a system of closed pressure that is closed on one side by the screw without end of filling (not shown) at the material inlet and by other side by the pump MC of the fibrous material that can be pumped (essentially a section of liquids) at the outlet of material.

During the transport of the fibrous material from the worm screw 3 to the outlet vessel 8 also live steam is transported, which was supplied to the system by the team to supply live steam 4. To return steam to the screw endless heater, therefore, after dispersant 6 is it has a return line 11 that the driver must return to live steam, which comes out along with the fibrous material of the dispersant, to the heater worm 3. Despite this, it also conducts live vapor through the fibrous material to the container of output 8. In this way, the output container 8 is configured Three sections The output container 8 is supplied essentially a mixture of fibrous-vapor material, so that in a first section 12 in a higher region of the outlet vessel 8 essentially presents a mixture of fibrous-vapor material. As already mentioned, at output vessel 8 dilution water is supplied by the equipment to supply dilution water 9 to make the material fibrous can be pumped, so that in a second section 13 essentially a mixture of fibrous-liquid material. For the rest, between the first section 12 and the second section 13 a section is configured intermediate 14 in which a mixed zone of a mixture is formed essentially of material fibrous-vapor-liquid.

On the part of the inventor it was observed for the first time and with surprise that the steam conducted along with the material fibrous to the outlet vessel 8 condenses on the surfaces of the liquid or dilution water in intermediate section 14 and the second section 13 of the outlet vessel 8. During the steam condensation a sharp pressure drop occurs in the Outlet vessel 8. For this reason, due to the higher pressure in the screw worm heater generates a greater current of steam from the worm screw 3 to the vessel outlet 8, so that this steam is missing during the removal of germs on the worm heater 3 and it has to come back to be transported by the device for the supply of live steam 4. As a consequence, a higher steam requirement is generated, whose Generation is linked to considerable energy costs. further it also decreases the return of steam through the return line of steam 11 due to the pressure drop and the tendency attached to this from the steam to flow to the outlet vessel 8, which continues increasing the additional steam requirement.

As an additional state of the art it is necessary to mention document US 4,236,959. It describes the introduction of an essentially non-condensable gas into a space closed with a transport of solids that is done in the direction of transport from an entrance to an exit, to grant the Final product desired characteristics.

3. Description of the invention

The technical problem on which the The present invention therefore consists in providing a device and a method that make it possible to reduce the loss of steam in closed systems, and thus improve balance energy of the global system.

This technical problem is solved by a device according to claim 1 and a method of according to claim 20.

Realizations and areas of additional advantageous application in the claims attached.

Thus, the device of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a container that defines a closed space and through which a transport of solids occurs in a sense of transport from an entrance to an exit. He solid may be, by way of example, fibrous material, material of wood, wood shavings, etc. However, you can also conceive other solids. The device device according with the invention it is divided in the direction of transport into three sections, of which in a first section there are essentially a solid-vapor mixture, in a second section essentially a solid-liquid mixture and in a intermediate section located interspersed essentially a mixture of solid-vapor-liquid. The device  of the present invention further comprises in at least one vessel site an equipment to introduce a gas essentially non-condensable in the enclosed space, so it can be reduced the condensation of steam in the container, and therefore, the Vapor loss from a closed system can be reduced with the device according to the invention.

Advantageously, the equipment for introduction of an essentially non-condensable gas is available such a form in the enclosed space that the gas can be introduced into the first section, that is, the section with the mixture of solid-vapor For this reason, non-condensable gas it forms a kind of insulating blocking zone against steam that causes an effective decrease in steam condensation in the container. In addition to this, a species is also formed by gas of displacement body that moves steam back dragged from the condensation surface. However, also it is conceivable to introduce the gas in the second section or in the intermediate section

According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the equipment for the introduction of a gas essentially non-condensable in the enclosed space is configured as such that gas can be introduced under pressure into space closed. This is particularly necessary when the device the present invention is used in a pressure system, so that this pressure has to be overcome for the introduction of gas.

Advantageously it is used as the gas not condensable, air, inert gas, reactive gas or ozone. The selection of the gas to be used is subject to different types of considerations, among other things also take into account the global system in which the device is used according to the invention. If, for example, a system is used for treatment of secondary fibrous material from used paper which additionally comprises a bleaching stage, must have note that some gases, as an example, oxygen, They can react with the bleach. For this reason you could impair the corresponding process. However, otherwise a gas that is reactive could also be used to cause this way chemical reactions which in turn are useful and advantageous in the process, as an example, carbon dioxide for pH decrease of the pulp. An additional possibility consists in the use of inert gases such as, for example, argon, helium, Krypton and other gases such as nitrogen. A factor Additional in the selection are the costs of the gas that has to be use, by way of example, ozone production is relatively expensive However, it is essential that the gas be a called non-condensable gas.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the entrance is arranged in such a way that it is connected with the first section, that is, the section with the material mix fibrous-vapor and the output is arranged in such a way that is linked to the second section, that is, the section with the solid-liquid mixture. This way you get that the transport of solids is carried out in the direction of transport from the first section through the middle section to the second section section.

However, alternatively, the entry it could also be arranged in such a way that it was united with the second section, that is, the section with the mixture of solid-liquid, where the output is available so that it is linked to the first section, that is, the section with the solid-vapor mixture. The transport of solids would then occur in a reverse direction and, by therefore, in the sense of transport from the second section by the intermediate section to the first section.

Advantageously, the gas of the present invention is selected in such a way that by introducing the gas into the container, condensation of steam in the enclosed space decreases, particularly in the intermediate section and the second section. In this way, the loss of steam can be reduced by corresponding form in a closed system with the device according to the invention.

Properly, the gas fed can exit with the solid in the direction of transport through the exit, so It does not remain on the device. In this case you have to go back constantly feed gas. In addition, gas can also leave another way.

Additionally, the present invention proposes a device for the treatment of material, particularly for the treatment of used paper, which comprises a closed system with an endless screw heater and an outlet vessel, in which solid transport is carried out in the direction of transport from the worm screw to the outlet vessel. From according to the invention, the outlet container of this device is a device as described above.

In accordance with an advantageous improvement of the device for the treatment of materials, the same additionally comprises a dispersant that is arranged in the direction of transport behind the worm screw heater and in front of the outlet vessel, to cause grinding or fragmentation of the fibrous material, so that components can be crushed remaining so that they no longer have negative effects on the product final.

According to one embodiment, between the worm screw heater and outlet container or the dispersant and the outlet vessel a screw is arranged without end of transport

This transport screw is, by way of For example, an endless screw, however, alternatively it can also be an endless screw of Conventional, economical transport, presenting the operation of a valve only partially open.

To increase the temperature during germ removal, by way of example, during treatment of secondary fibrous material from waste paper, the system It is advantageously a pressure system.

Otherwise, the worm screw heater advantageously comprises a steam supply equipment live to the worm screw heater to provide, by way of example, the temperatures that are necessary for the elimination of germs

In the same way a team can be provided for the supply of dilution water to the outlet vessel for set up the second section and make the fibrous material of High consistency can be pumped.

Alternatively, the present invention also proposes a device for digestion in a closed system with a refiner and an outlet vessel. The transport of solids is performs in the direction of transport from the refiner to outlet container which, according to the invention, is a device as described at the beginning of the summary of the invention.

To be able to use the steam driven together with the fibrous material that separated in the cyclone from the fibrous material or its heat otherwise in the system or otherwise, the device according to the invention, for digestion, can advantageously comprise a cyclone and an exchanger of heat, where the cyclone is arranged behind the refiner and in front of the outlet vessel and the heat exchanger is arranged behind the cyclone in another transport branch.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the cyclone is essentially directly connected with the outlet vessel

Moreover, the present invention proposes a device for defibration in a closed system. By defibrated, in the present case you have to understand a device in which wood chips are treated (wood chips cut), so that they can continue to be processed, by way of for example, to chipboard boards. This device of according to the present invention comprises an endless screw of entrance and a steam space. The input worm is advantageously connected with the steam space and a transport of solids in the transport direction from the Endless screw into the steam space. Screw Endless input of the device for defibration of the present The invention is a device as described at the beginning. From this mode, in addition to the decrease in steam loss also in comparison with the state of the art, a Endless screw filling as input endless screw expensive and energy consuming.

Advantageously, the worm screw input of the device for defibration presents an input for solids mixed with liquid and equipment for the output of Worm screw liquid heater. As already mentioned, the inlet screw is connected to the steam space and forms the pressure closure for the system at the inlet of material.

Moreover, the present invention proposes a corresponding method with the following stages. In this way, in first a transport of solids is generated in a direction of transport from an entrance to an exit of a container, which defines a closed space and that is divided in the direction of transport in three sections. The three sections correspond to the three sections of the container that have been described at the beginning. Otherwise, at least one site of the container is introduced essentially non-condensable gas in the enclosed space.

The refinements of the method according to the invention essentially correspond to the improvements of the device according to the invention described in beginning.

The method according to the invention can be use, by way of example, in a method for the treatment of materials, particularly for the treatment of paper used for Digestion or for defibration.

4. Brief description of the drawings

The present invention is described with more detail below by the attached drawings, so that the advantages and operation of the present invention are made more clear. In the drawings, the same or similar pieces carry The same references.

The drawings show:

In Figure 1, a schematic representation of a system for the treatment of fibrous material secondary to from used paper according to the state of the art.

In Figure 2, a schematic view of the device according to the invention;

In Figure 3, a schematic view of a system for the treatment of secondary fibrous material from of paper used in accordance with the present invention;

In Figure 4, a schematic view of a system output container for material treatment secondary fibrous from used paper of Figure 3;

In Figure 5, a schematic view of a digestion system in accordance with the present invention;

In Figure 6, a schematic view in a Defibration system according to the present invention.

5. Detailed description of the invention

In Figure 2 it is represented purely schematically a device of the present invention.

The device comprises a container 20 that Define a closed space. Otherwise a "entry" 21a or 21b and an "exit" 22a or 22b. Agree with an exemplary embodiment, through entry 21a a solids input, on the other hand, through exit 22a is performed a solids outlet. This embodiment variant is represented by continuous arrows 23 and 24. Alternatively, the material entry can also be made through entry 21b and material output through exit 22b. This variant of embodiment is represented by dashed arrows 25 and 26.

The enclosed space defined by the container 20 it is divided into three sections 12 to 14, of which in one first section 12 there is a mixture of solids-vapor and in a second section 13 a mixture of solid-liquid In an intermediate section 14 arranged interspersed there is a kind of mixed zone of the two sections 12, 13, so that a mixture of solids-vapor-liquid. These states mixed can contain in small quantities also others components such as chemical waste or other examples contamination In addition, the specialist in the art will understand that the boundaries between the sections are continuous and correspond rather to regions and additional areas.

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According to two alternative embodiments, the transport of solids is done on the one hand by the entrance 21a in address 23 in the sequence of the first section 12, the intermediate section 14 and second section 13 through exit 22a in address 24. In an alternative embodiment, the transport of solids is done exactly in the opposite direction in fact through entry 21b in direction 25 in the sequence of the second section 13, for intermediate section 14 and first section 12 for exit 22b in direction 26.

Otherwise, the device comprises a device for the introduction of a non-condensable gas 27 that joins the represented embodiment, which corresponds to the first variant of realization with entry 21a and exit 22a, with the first section 12. Otherwise, equipment for the introduction of a liquid medium 28 that is attached to the section 13, and can be used to configure the sections. This team 28, however, it is not necessarily required. In this way, as I know you can see below (see description regarding the Fig. 6), you can also make an entry of material in a solid-liquid mixture and steam can enter through the output to configure the sections. However, in this case equipment for the liquid outlet would have to be provided. As already mentioned above, the provision represented only serves for a transport of solids in the direction of the arrows 23, 24. If the transport of solids were carried out in opposite direction according to arrows 25, 26, the equipment for the introduction of non-condensable gas would be arranged together with the section 2 according to this exemplary embodiment.

By the introduction of a non-condensable gas in the vessel is established a kind of "blocking layer insulator "that decreases a condensation of steam, which drag with solids during solids entry, that is, which is introduced into the container, on the surface of the medium liquid and in intermediate section 14 and also in the second section 13. In this way it can be effectively avoided that by vapor condensation there is a sudden loss of pressure in the container 20, which could result in a current of unwanted steam to the device of the present invention. Additionally, in this way one can effectively avoid loss of steam due to condensation As a consequence it decreases or you can reduce the loss of steam in a closed system with This device effectively.

The present invention is described in Figure 3 exclusively by way of example by means of a system for treatment of secondary fibrous material from used paper and the advantages and operation are explained in more detail.

The installation represented in Figure 3 corresponds essentially to the schematic system that has been explained with reference to Figure 1 in the introduction of the description. The system represented is a closed system in which solids are introduced in the form of a fibrous material with a certain consistency, such as 35% OTHER. This fibrous material is conducted by several equipments until it is finally introduced into an outlet vessel 8. This dilution vessel 8 is supplied by a dilution water device 28 so as to allow the fibrous material to be pumped, so that it can make an exit of solids or exit of fibrous material, by way of example, of a fibrous material of medium consistency with approximately 13% of OTHER by a pump 10. The equipment for feeding dilution water 28 preferably comprises four pipes inlet for dilution water that are placed tangentially in the outlet vessel 8 that has an essentially circular cross-section. The feed lines are distributed along the edge or periphery of the container and are displaced respectively at an angle of approximately 90 °. Additionally they are placed in a step-like manner in the axial direction of the container. In other words, the feed lines are connected to the container at different heights, which differ approximately in a range of 100 mm to 500 mm, particularly 300 mm. By this arrangement, the fibrous material introduced into the container, in the form of flakes, of high consistency to be rotated is forced so that in combination with the exit and the feeding of fibrous material from or to the container, at least in a lower region of the container (section 13) a screw movement of the fibrous material in the container is generated. The installation shown further comprises a heating worm screw 3 to which live steam is supplied for the removal of germs from the fibrous material (secondary fibrous material of used paper). The live steam used for the feed has, for example, a temperature of about 135 ° C and a pressure of 3.5 bar. Thus, temperatures between 105 ° C and 115 ° C are generated in the worm screw with a pressure of about 1.2-2 bar, particularly about 1.7 bar, which are advantageous for the removal of germs from the fibrous material. The residence time of the fibrous material during germ removal comprises approximately 10 to 30 minutes, particularly approximately 20 minutes, which is considered sufficient. The fibrous material is continuously transported in the heater worm 3 until it leaves the worm
heater 3.

Worm screw 3 is attached by means of an endless screw 5 with a dispersant 6 that serves to crush and distribute remaining components in the fibrous material, as an example, adhered printing ink particles to the fibers or distributed among the fibers, so that they do not have negative effects on the final product. In addition to this, the dispersant 6 is connected by a transport screw 7 with the outlet vessel 8, which, according to one embodiment advantageously, it has the operation of a valve partially open With essentially balanced pressure conditions in front of and behind the dispersant 6 that are necessary for enable reliable operation of dispersant 6, a vapor return line 11 on one side behind the dispersant and on the other hand it joins with the endless screw heater 3, of so that a steam return from a position can be performed behind the dispersant to the worm screw heater.

As already mentioned at the beginning, with the Fibrous material drags steam, which was fed to the screw without heater end 3, during transport in the direction of transport from the screw worm heater by the screw without end 5 by dispersant 6 by transport screw 7 to the outlet vessel 8. In addition, a dispersant 6 exerts a Great mechanical work on the fibrous material. This great job mechanical is transformed by friction partially into heat, which leads to further evaporation of the liquid content contained in the fibrous material. This additional steam generated by heat dragged drag is additionally steamed Endless screw heater with fibrous material in the direction transport, so that steam reaches the outlet vessel 8. In the outlet vessel 8, for the water supply of dilution by equipment 28 a mixed zone is configured, so that the outlet vessel 8 is essentially configured three sections In a first section 12 essentially a mixture of fibrous-vapor material, where it is first section 12 is arranged in the upper region of the container of exit 8 in which the entry of solids to the Outlet vessel 8. An additional region is region 13, in the that essentially a material mix is configured fibrous-liquid, which can be extracted by a medium consistency pump 10 of the outlet vessel 8 in the address 2. Between the two sections 12 and 13 a zone is configured mixed in which there is fibrous material and vapor and liquid. In the In this embodiment, the solid according to the invention is fibrous material

In Figure 4, the outlet vessel 8 of the system of Figure 3 is represented in an enlarged view and the Three sections were displayed schematically. By introduction of dilution water into the outlet vessel 8 se Configure the three sections mentioned above. As can be seen in Figures 3 and 4, the equipment for dilution water supply can be set above or by below the boundary between intermediate section 14 and section 13 of the solid-liquid mixture.

The surface of the section with the mixture of solid-liquid and the surface of the parts liquids in intermediate section 14 form in the container of outlet 8 a "cooler" condensing surface in comparison to the temperature of the fibrous material supplied and of steam The vapor introduced along with the fibrous material in the outlet vessel 8, therefore, would tend to condense on this surface, so that in the outlet vessel 8, during condensation, there would be a sharp pressure drop. This fall pressure would lead to a greater vapor current from the worm screw 3 to the outlet vessel 8, so that the steam would come out of the worm heater 3, which at its time would result in the supply equipment of live steam 4 would have to introduce new live steam 4 to Endless screw heater. However, steam generation alive needs a great energy complexity, so that this effect would be disadvantageous and should be avoided.

According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, to the outlet vessel 8, for this purpose, a team is assigned for the introduction of a gas not condensable, which is linked in the exemplary embodiment with the section 12. Since the present system is a pressure system, the gas, by way of example, air, is introduced under pressure against the pressure present in the system. Non-condensable gas tends to flow to a cold surface. In the present case, section 13 and the liquid parts in intermediate section 14 form the cold surface to which non-condensable gas flows. Of this mode, in the output vessel 8 a kind of of insulating blocking layer, which decreases the condensation of steam in the outlet vessel 8 on the condensation surface that is described above This way you can decrease or even completely eliminate the pressure drop in the container output 8, so that the increased steam current is avoided (unlike in the prior art) from the screw without heater end 3 to the outlet vessel 8. This way you can use the live steam introduced in the worm Heater 3 more effectively for germ removal, and less live steam has to be supplied by equipment 4. For this reason, the energy requirement of the system according to the invention is considerably less compared to a comparable installation of the state of the art. Due a considerable amount of energy costs is saved.

In comparative trials with respect to installation described in Figure 3, were investigated and demonstrated the effects of the decrease in steam loss in the output vessel 8. The same system was operated on one side without the introduction of a non-condensable gas into the outlet vessel 8 and on the other hand with the insufflation or introduction of gas not condensable.

The entry of solids 1 was made with a fibrous material that presented a consistency of approximately 5% OTHER and comprised 12 tons per comparative trial hour (t / h). Otherwise, the amount of dilution water supplied to the outlet vessel 8 comprised 83.8 t / h with a approximate vessel volume of 3,275 m3 (height of container = 3275 mm, internal diameter of the container 1000 mm).

During system operation without the introduction of a non-condensable gas into the outlet vessel 8 an amount of steam of approximately 5.2 t / h was necessary to guarantee the corresponding conditions on the worm heater of approximately 1.7 bar and approximately 105 to 115 ° C and cause a sufficient elimination of germs.

In comparative tests, the installation is actuated in the same way, however, it was introduced under pressure additionally air as non-condensable gas in the container outlet 8. The amount of air included in the tests comparatives approximately 0.042 t / h. This had the effect that the amount of steam needed for the worm heater 3 to create the same conditions on the screw without end heater 3 and cause the same elimination of germs decreased to only about 4.2 t / h. Due  a reduced amount of steam was obtained approximately 19% and therefore a loss of steam decreased by 19%. With this was additionally attached a correspondingly decreased energy requirement and, in Total, lower energy costs.

In addition to this it was found that in the installation of the state of the art, the temperature of the fibrous material of output comprised approximately 80 ° C, on the contrary, the temperature of the fibrous outlet material in an installation of according to the present invention it was between approximately 66 ° C and approximately 70 ° C. In this way you can also observe that the heat transfer between the vapor and the fibrous material that can be pumped, that is, in general the liquid, could decrease considerably by configuration according to the invention.

Figure 5 represents another exemplary embodiment of a digestion device in accordance with the present invention. However, the representation is merely illustrative and the system could comprise additional components. Thus, these facilities generally have several stages, as the person skilled in the art knows. The installation schematically represents a TMP or CTMP method for digestion. However, the present invention is not limited to such a method. Rather any method can be used for
digestion.

The system represented in Figure 5 for the Digestion represents a closed system. In the system occurs an input of material 1 in the form of cutting chips in a worm input 34. In this worm 34 you heat the cutting chips, by way of example, up to 160 ° C. He present system additionally is also a pressure system It works between about 5 and about 8 bar. After Endless screw 2 input, cutting chips (solid) they are introduced in a refiner 6. This refiner is operated by an M motor and generally needs a high energy requirement. At this stage of work the cutting chips are crushed in the Refiner 6 and divided into small pieces. In other words, the cutting chips disintegrate by the work of the refiner of according to the objective of the method as far as possible completely in individual fibers. Since it is a method technician that depends on the degree of effectiveness, this is achieved only to a certain degree. A part of the cutting chips it remains as chipped material (splinters are bundles of fibers), which later, at a later stage of the method, is treated with a similar work development with the same basic objective (plurality of stages). Fiber fragments are also produced until the so-called flour as components of the wood material which are not really desired and should be excluded as far as possible of the system. The energy applied by the M motor is applied in the refiner in the form of mechanical work on the wood material. By the heat of friction generated from this mode, the liquid content in the wood material or chips cutting evaporates, so that a mixture of steam and material Fibrous leaves the refiner.

The fibrous material with steam is transported then additionally to a cyclone 29, in which it must be performed a separation of the vapor from the fibrous material. Cyclone 29 is joined on the one hand with an additional transport conduit in its upper region, which must steam through a heat exchanger heat 30, so that its heat can be reused or used in another system process

On the other hand, cyclone 29 is linked with a outlet container 8.

In the state of the art, the union between the cyclone 29 and the outlet vessel 8 is preferably performed by an endless screw of filling, another endless screw of conventional transport or similar systems. In these cases, in the state of the art the outlet vessel is configured always openly, so that the steam, which is driven by the worm screw along with the fibrous material to the container, It goes out and gets lost. In accordance with the exemplary advantageous embodiment of the present invention, however, cyclone 29 is attached directly with the outlet vessel 8. In this way, the additional components such as the worm, the worm end of filling or other equipment can be avoided between the cyclone and the outlet vessel, which leads to a considerable decrease of the costs of the entire installation. But nevertheless, the outlet vessel 8 is configured closed. In addition to this, the union between the cyclone and the outlet vessel could be made similarly as described in Figure 3 by a screw Endless transportation, which features the operation of a valve partially open Alternatively, this could also be achieve by shaping the opening between the cyclone and the output vessel

Similar to the system described with reference to Figure 3, the steam entrained with the material fibrous would condense on the surface of the liquid in the section intermediate 14 and section 13, which in turn would lead even in this device to a loss of pressure in the container of output 8. This would cause a greater steam flow in the direction of the outlet vessel 8, so that it could use a smaller amount of steam or its heat energy for The heat exchanger. Therefore, the steam would be lost in the present system

However, according to the invention, provides for equipment for the introduction of a non-condensable gas in the outlet vessel 8. Thus, similar to the system described with reference to Figure 3, a kind of insulating blocking layer that reduces vapor condensation in the outlet vessel 8, so that the pressure in the vessel Output 8 can be kept essentially constant. In this way a greater vapor current in the direction of the container of outlet, and the steam in the system can be used effectively by heat exchanger 30. Thus, the balance total energy of the closed system improves considerably and the loss of steam that occurs due to condensation decreases

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Finally, Figure 6 shows a example of further use of the device of the present invention. Thus, Figure 6 shows a device for defibration, where the final product, after defibration, can be used to the processing of, for example, chipboard or wood boards pressed (MDF).

Such devices comprise a screw without end of entry 31 and a steam space 32. Also this system is a closed system in which wood chips (wood chips cutting, splinters) are defibrated in the steam space at a pressure from about 10 to about 15 bar and a temperature of approximately 170 ° C before they leave the steam space. TO then these cutting chips are ground, by way of example in a refiner, and leave this already directly to continue processing To achieve the prevailing environment in the space of steam from about 10 to about 15 bar at a temperature of approximately 170 ° C, the vapor space is supplies live steam and, in fact, by a team 4. To close the pressure system with respect to input 1 of the worm input 31, so far in the state of the technique was provided an endless screw filling a considerable size of construction and presents a huge energy requirement in the magnitude of 1000 KW.

The device in accordance with this invention, however, comprises an endless screw conventional which, compared to an endless screw It has a smaller construction size and has a requirement essentially lower energy in the magnitude of 200 KW. For close, in the device according to the invention, the system of pressure with respect to the input of material 1, the chips of cutting are introduced by the input of material 1 with a high liquid content, so that a section 13 is configured with a mixture of solids (cutting chips) - liquid that form, similar to the system in Figure 3, the closure. TO then the cutting chips are driven from the screw without End of entry 31 to steam space 32. The worm screw entry 31 of the exemplary embodiment of Figure 6 comprises additionally a device 33 for the exit of the introduced liquid together with the cutting chips of the inlet screw. Steam flows from the steam space through the screw outlet without end of entry In this way, also in the worm input 31 three sections 12 to 14 are configured.

In a section 13 it will essentially be presented a solid-liquid mixture, on the contrary, in a section 12 will essentially present a mixture of steam solids. Between these two sections is it also configures a mixed zone in an intermediate section 14, in which presents essentially a mixture of solids-vapor-liquid. How consequently, even in such a system there would be the problem that the live steam introduced into the steam space 32 would condense at the liquid surface in the endless screw 31. This would lead in the input worm 31 to a drop in pressure, so that a higher vapor current would occur from space 32 to the worm. But nevertheless, this would lead to a greater loss of steam, and therefore, to a more energy, since more would have to be supplied live steam 4.

According to the invention, however, the The present invention comprises equipment for feeding a non-condensable gas in the inlet screw 31. The Non-condensable gas supply is preferably performed in section 12 or section 14. Non-condensable gas forms in the worm input 31 a kind of locking layer insulator that reduces the condensation of steam on the surface of the liquid in the input worm 31 (in the sections 12, 14), so that the pressure on the inlet screw 31 remains essentially constant. As a consequence also decreases a greater vapor current from the steam space 32 to the endless screw 31. For this reason, the entire quantity  of energy needed for live steam generation decreases, which leads to an improved energy balance of total system In addition, the joint between the worm input 31 and the steam space 32 is configured, by way of example, in the shape of a partially open valve to prevent an outlet of the gas fed to the steam space.

In addition, the device according to the invention is advantageous with respect to the state of the art since the closing of the system can be done by an endless screw of conventional input in the broadest sense and you don't have to perform by an endless screw filling. Since the requirement energy of a conventional input worm is considerably less than that of an endless screw, For this reason, the energy requirement of the total system In addition it also decreases the size of construction and the total system costs per device according to the invention.

The principles of the present have been explained invention in detail through three embodiments and areas of advantageous application merely by way of example. However the specialist will understand that the present invention can also be use in other systems as, for example, in industry chemistry, among other things in the production of catalysts, dispersions or plastics, and particularly in processes technology, so that the present invention is not limited to use examples described, but defined only by attached claims.

Claims (32)

1. A device with a container (20) that defines a closed space and by which, in a direction of transport, a transport of solids from an entrance takes place (21a; 21b) to an outlet (22a; 22b), in which the container it is divided in the direction of transport into three sections (12, 13, 14), of which in the first section there is essentially a solid-vapor mixture (12), in a second section (13) essentially a mixture of solids-liquid and in an intermediate section located interspersed (14) essentially a solid-vapor-liquid mixture, in which at least one site of the vessel is provided with equipment (27) for the introduction of an essentially non-condensable gas into the enclosed space 2. The device according to the claim 1, wherein the equipment (27) for the introduction of an essentially non-condensable gas in the enclosed space is It has such a way that the gas can be introduced into the first section. 3. The device according to the claim 1 or 2, wherein the equipment (27) for introduction of an essentially non-condensable gas in the enclosed space is configured in such a way that the gas can be introduced under pressure in the enclosed space. 4. The device according to one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the gas essentially does not condensable is selected from the group consisting of air, inert gas, reactive gas and ozone. 5. The device according to one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the entry (21a) is disposed of such that it is linked to the first section (12) and in which the output (22a) is arranged in such a way that it is connected with the second section (13) so that the transport of solids is carried out in the direction of transport from the first section (12) by the intermediate section (14) to the second section (13). 6. The device according to one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the entry (21b) is disposed of such that it is connected with the second section (13) and in which the output (22b) is arranged in such a way that it is connected to the first section (12), so that the transport of solids is carried out in the direction of transport from the second section (13) by the intermediate section (14) to the first section (12). 7. The device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the gas is selected from such so that when the gas is introduced into the container (20) a condensation of steam in the enclosed space, particularly in the intermediate section (14) and the second section (13). 8. The device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fed gas can be extract with solids in the transport direction through the exit (22a). 9. The device for the treatment of materials, particularly the treatment of paper used in a closed system with a heating screw (3) and an outlet vessel (8), in which a transport of solids is carried out in the direction of transport from the heater worm screw (3) to the outlet vessel (8), characterized in that the outlet vessel is a device according to one of claims 1-3 and 5-6. 10. The device according to the claim 9, further comprising a dispersant (6) which is arranged in the direction of transport behind the screw without heater end (3) and in front of the outlet vessel (8). 11. The device according to the claim 9 or 10, wherein the worm screw enters heater (3) and the outlet vessel (8) or the dispersant (6) and the outlet vessel (8) is provided with an endless screw of transport (7). 12. The device according to the claim 11, wherein the transport worm (7) It is an endless screw filling. 13. The device according to the claim 11, wherein the transport worm (7) It presents the operation of a partially open valve. 14. The device according to one of the claims 9 to 13, which is a pressure system. 15. The device according to one of the claims 9 to 14, further comprising a device  (4) for the supply of live steam to the worm screw heater (3). 16. The device according to one of the claims 9 to 15, further comprising equipment (28) for the supply of dilution water to the outlet vessel (8) to configure the second section (13). 17. The device for digestion in a closed system with a refiner (6) and an outlet vessel (8), in which a transport of solids is carried out in the direction of transport from the refiner (6) to the outlet vessel (8), characterized in that the outlet container (8) is a device according to one of the claims
1-5 and 7-8. 18. The device according to the claim 17, further comprising a cyclone (29) and a heat exchanger (30), in which the cyclone is arranged behind of the refiner (6) and in front of the outlet vessel (8) and the heat exchanger (30) is arranged behind the cyclone (29) in Another branch of transport. 19. The device according to the claim 17 or 18, wherein the cyclone (29) is attached essentially directly with the outlet container (8). 20. A device for defibration in a closed system with an inlet screw (31) and a steam space (32) in which a transport of solids is carried out in the direction of transport from the inlet screw (31) to the steam space (32), characterized in that the inlet screw (31) is a device according to one of claims 1, 2 and 4-6. 21. The device according to the claim 20, wherein the inlet screw (31) comprises an inlet (1) for solids mixed with liquid and a equipment (33) for the output of the liquid from the worm heater, and in which the inlet screw (31) is joined with the steam space (32). 22. A method that includes the stages: generation of a solid transport in a transport address from an entrance (21a; 21b) to a outlet (22a; 22b) of a container (20), which defines a space closed and that is divided in the direction of transport in three sections (12-14), of which, in a first section (12) there is essentially a mixture of solid-vapor, in a second section (13) essentially a solid-liquid mixture, and in an intermediate section (14) located interspersed essentially a solid-vapor-liquid mixture, and introduction of a gas essentially not condensable in the enclosed space in at least one site of the container. 23. The method according to claim 22, in which essentially non-condensable gas is introduced into The first section. 24. The method according to claim 22 or 23, in which essentially non-condensable gas is introduced under pressure in the enclosed space. 25. The method according to one of the claims 22 to 24, wherein the gas essentially does not condensable is selected from the group consisting of air, inert gas, reactive gas and ozone. 26. The method according to one of the claims 22 to 25, wherein the transport of solids is generated in the transport direction from the first section by the intermediate section to the second section. 27. The method according to one of the claims 22 to 25, wherein the transport of solids is generated in the direction of transport from the second section by the intermediate section to the first section. 28. The method according to one of the claims 22 to 27, wherein the gas is selected in such a way  that during the introduction of the gas into the container decreases a condensation of steam in the enclosed space, particularly in the intermediate section and the second section. 29. The method according to one of the claims 22 to 28, wherein the fed gas exits with the solids in the direction of transport by the exit. 30. A use of the method according to one of the claims 22 to 26 and 28 to 29 in a method for treatment of materials, particularly for paper treatment used. 31. A use of the method according to one of the claims 22 to 26 and 28 to 29 in a method for digestion. 32. A use of the method according to one of the claims 22 to 25 and 27 to 29 in a method for defibrated