ES2296508B1 - SECURITY FLOOR FOR PROTECTION AGAINST IMPACTS, WEATHER RESISTANT. - Google Patents
SECURITY FLOOR FOR PROTECTION AGAINST IMPACTS, WEATHER RESISTANT. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2296508B1 ES2296508B1 ES200600626A ES200600626A ES2296508B1 ES 2296508 B1 ES2296508 B1 ES 2296508B1 ES 200600626 A ES200600626 A ES 200600626A ES 200600626 A ES200600626 A ES 200600626A ES 2296508 B1 ES2296508 B1 ES 2296508B1
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- Prior art keywords
- weather resistant
- impact protection
- safety floor
- safety
- floor
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Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 31
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006263 elastomeric foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formic acid Chemical compound OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010017577 Gait disturbance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000007853 Sarothamnus scoparius Species 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019587 texture Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/04—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
- E01C5/18—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of rubber units
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
Abstract
Pavimento de seguridad para protección contra impactos, resistente a la intemperie. El pavimento está destinado para ser aplicado en parques e instalaciones de recreo infantiles. Está formado a base de losetas de cierto grosor que comprenden varias capas de distintos materiales poliméricos para conseguir mejor los objetivos de la invención. Se caracteriza porque las losetas comprenden una suspensión de microesferas de gas atrapadas en una matriz sólida determinada por un reticulado polimérico (espuma microcelular) distribuido en dos capas externas de poco espesor, superior e inferior, y al menos una capa intermedia de mayor espesor, estando estas capas unidas entre sí y superpuestas con distinta composición.Safety floor for impact protection, weather resistant. The pavement is intended to be applied in parks and playgrounds. It is formed from tiles of a certain thickness that comprise several layers of different polymeric materials to better achieve the objectives of the invention. It is characterized in that the tiles comprise a suspension of gas microspheres trapped in a solid matrix determined by a polymeric crosslink (microcellular foam) distributed in two outer layers of low thickness, upper and lower, and at least one intermediate layer of greater thickness, being these layers joined together and superimposed with different composition.
Description
Pavimento de seguridad para protección contra impactos, resistente a la intemperie.Safety floor for protection against impacts, weatherproof.
La presente invención, según se expresa en el enunciado de esta memoria descriptiva, se refiere a un pavimento de seguridad para protección contra impactos, resistente a la intemperie que está formado a base de losetas de un cierto grosor que comprende varias capas para conseguir los objetivos de la invención, destacando una capa superior resistente al desgaste y a la intemperie, una capa inferior para facilitar la fijación al suelo y al menos una capa intermedia para absorber y amortiguar los impactos.The present invention, as expressed in the set forth in this specification, refers to a pavement of Safety for impact protection, resistant to weathering that is formed from tiles of a certain thickness which comprises several layers to achieve the objectives of the invention, highlighting a wear-resistant top layer and a weathering, a lower layer to facilitate fixing to the soil and at least one intermediate layer to absorb and cushion the impacts
Es aplicable esencialmente al pavimento protector de parques e instalaciones de recreo infantiles de manera que se trata de conseguir un suelo a base de losetas que proporcionan una gran seguridad frente a caídas de los niños cuando impactan sobre el suelo, evitándose así accidentes y lesiones graves gracias al amortiguamiento que proporciona el pavimento de la invención.It is essentially applicable to the pavement protector of parks and recreational facilities for children so which is about getting a floor based on tiles that they provide great security against children's falls when impact on the ground, thus avoiding accidents and injuries serious thanks to the damping provided by the pavement of the invention.
Los pavimentos de seguridad están formados por materiales que, por su geometría o características, muestran alta absorción de energía cuando se someten a deformaciones. Por regla general son materiales blandos y gruesos que se deforman con más o menos esfuerzo ante impactos, absorbiendo la energía transmitida y evitando lesiones y deterioro de las partes que chocan.Safety pavements are formed by materials that, due to their geometry or characteristics, show high energy absorption when subjected to deformations. As a rule generally they are soft and thick materials that deform with more or less effort in the face of impacts, absorbing the transmitted energy and avoiding injuries and deterioration of the parts that collide.
La dureza y el grueso de los pavimentos de seguridad está en función de las cargas que vayan a recibir. Para el equipamiento de áreas de recreo infantiles de exterior, que es la principal aplicación de la invención, actualmente se está instalando triturado de goma recubierto y aglomerado con resina de poliuretano coloreada; bien en losetas prefabricadas o bien haciendo la mezcla in situ, aplicándola con paleta y dejando fraguar. En instalaciones de interior se pueden poner colchonetas formadas por bloques de espuma de poliuretano recubiertos con tela de PVC.The hardness and thickness of the safety pavements is a function of the loads they will receive. For the equipment of outdoor playgrounds, which is the main application of the invention, crushed rubber coated and agglomerated with colored polyurethane resin is currently being installed; either in prefabricated tiles or by mixing in situ , applying it with a trowel and allowing it to set. In indoor installations you can put mattresses made of polyurethane foam blocks covered with PVC fabric.
El triturado de goma aglomerado muestra los inconvenientes de permeabilidad a líquidos, dificultad de limpieza al ser la superficie rugosa con oquedades, limitado a colores oscuros que al poco se pierden al saltar la capa de pintura por el uso. En cuanto a seguridad en uso infantil muestran la posibilidad de ser desmenuzados y la falta de homogeneidad en la capacidad de amortiguación al presentar nervaduras y huecos en la parte posterior de las losetas, inconvenientes éstos que pueden provocar la caída accidental de los niños por tropiezos.The crushed rubber chipboard shows the inconveniences of liquid permeability, difficulty cleaning being the rough surface with cavities, limited to colors dark ones that soon get lost by jumping the paint layer through the use. As for child safety, they show the possibility of being shredded and the lack of homogeneity in the ability to cushioning when presenting ribs and gaps in the part back of the tiles, inconveniences that can cause the accidental fall of children by stumbling blocks.
El Modelo de Utilidad nº 220011 describe un pavimento para uso deportivo y en terrazas formado por triturado de goma aglomerado con resina de poliuretano. No hace referencia a ningún tipo de amortiguación ni a uso en instalaciones infantiles.Utility Model No. 220011 describes a pavement for sports and terraced use formed by crushing of rubber bonded with polyurethane resin. It does not refer to No type of damping or use in facilities Children's
La Patente de Invención ES 2157814 se refiere a
pavimentos multicapas especialmente indicados para actividad
deportiva, citando también la infantil y camas para ganado. El
objetivo es obtener un pavimento con muy alta resistencia a la
abrasión y cierto confort. Según esta Patente el fabricante pega
una plancha compacta de densidad entre 0,9 y 1,5 gr/cm^{3} sobre
otra espumada previamente fabricada. Con lo cual se obtiene en dos
etapas como mínimo, un pavimento de alta dureza superficial útil
para actividad deportiva pero difícilmente utilizable como suelo
de seguridad infantil, ya que la capa de superficie, al ser
compacta, no contiene las microburbujas de gas y el conjunto no
muestra la amortiguación precisa para este fin. Además, por la
composición que dice tener la capa superficial (hasta un 40% de
acetato de vinilo) la resistencia a la intemperie es limitada y su
utilización está restringida a instalaciones de
interior.Invention Patent ES 2157814 refers to multilayer pavements especially suitable for sporting activities, also citing children's and cattle beds. The objective is to obtain a floor with very high resistance to abrasion and some comfort. According to this Patent, the manufacturer glued a compact plate with a density between 0.9 and 1.5 gr / cm3 on another previously manufactured foam. With which at least two stages are obtained, a high surface hardness pavement useful for sports activity but hardly usable as a child safety floor, since the surface layer, being compact, does not contain the gas microbubbles and the whole It does not show the precise damping for this purpose. In addition, due to the composition that claims to have the surface layer (up to 40% vinyl acetate) the weather resistance is limited and its use is restricted to installations of
inside.
Con el fin de alcanzar los objetivos y evitar los inconvenientes mencionados en los apartados anteriores, la invención propone un pavimento de seguridad para protección contra impactos, resistente a la intemperie que se caracteriza porque está formado a base de losetas que comprenden una primera capa superior resistente al desgaste y a la intemperie, una inferior para fijarse al suelo mediante un adhesivo adecuado y al menos una capa intermedia de mayor grosor que amortigua los posibles impactos, constituyendo estas tres capas de loseta un único cuerpo enterizo.In order to achieve the objectives and avoid the drawbacks mentioned in the previous sections, the invention proposes a safety floor for protection against impacts, weather resistant that is characterized because it is formed from tiles comprising a first top layer wear and weather resistant, a lower one to be fixed to the floor using a suitable adhesive and at least one layer thicker intermediate that dampens possible impacts, constituting these three layers of tile a single body full
La principal característica de la invención es que el pavimento está formado por las tres capas superpuestas que hacen que, a la vez que el conjunto muestra una gran absorción de impacto, la superficie mantiene sobradamente las exigencias para el uso y muestra gran resistencia a la intemperie. Los pavimentos de seguridad suelen ser blandos y gruesos para obtener alta absorción de impacto, haciendo esto que sea difícil caminar sobre ellos a la vez que se deterioran fácilmente cuando se pisa con calzado de calle.The main feature of the invention is that the pavement is formed by the three superimposed layers that they do that, at the same time that the set shows a great absorption of impact, the surface amply maintains the requirements for the use and shows great weather resistance. The pavements of safety are usually soft and thick to obtain high absorption of impact, making this difficult to walk on them to the Once they deteriorate easily when you step on footwear Street.
El pavimento de la invención resuelve el problema de tener alta absorción de impacto a la vez que comodidad al andar, resistencia a la abrasión, a la huella remanente (tacones finos) y a la intemperie en un solo artículo fabricado en una etapa.The pavement of the invention solves the problem of having high impact absorption while comfort when walking, resistance to abrasion, to the remaining footprint (thin heels) and outdoors in a single item manufactured in a stage
El pavimento objeto de la invención consta de dos capas finas duras superpuestas paralelas entre las que se encuentra otra capa blanda mucho más gruesa.The pavement object of the invention consists of two hard layers superimposed parallel overlapping between them find another soft layer much thicker.
Las características de la capa superior (superficie de uso) son las siguientes.The characteristics of the top layer (use area) are as follows.
Tiene un grueso de 2 a 5 mm. Está formada por espuma elastómera de celda cerrada cuya fase sólida constituye entre el 20 y el 30% en volumen formada a su vez por un reticulado polimérico obtenido a partir de polietileno modificado mezclado con cargas silíceas y pigmentos de colores vivos. La fase gas, como en las otras capas, está formada por nitrógeno y trazas de otros gases.It has a thickness of 2 to 5 mm. It's formed by closed cell elastomeric foam whose solid phase constitutes between 20 and 30% in volume formed in turn by a reticulate polymer obtained from modified polyethylene mixed with Siliceous charges and brightly colored pigments. The gas phase, as in the other layers, is formed by nitrogen and traces of others gases
La densidad de esta capa oscila entre 100 y 400 kg/m^{3} aunque preferentemente será de entre 200 y 300 kg/m^{3} y durezas entre 30 y 80º Shore, aunque preferentemente serán de entre 60 y 75º Shore. La resistencia a la abrasión está comprendida ente 400 y 600 mm^{3} (normativa UNE 53527, 10N). La carga de rotura es de 20 a 30 Kg/cm^{2} y el alargamiento de rotura entre 120 y 200%.The density of this layer ranges between 100 and 400 kg / m 3 although preferably it will be between 200 and 300 kg / m3 and hardnesses between 30 and 80º Shore, although preferably will be between 60 and 75º Shore. The abrasion resistance is between 400 and 600 mm3 (UNE 53527, 10N standards). The Breaking load is 20 to 30 Kg / cm2 and the elongation of break between 120 and 200%.
La textura superficial son planos inclinados cuadrados de 10 a 15 mm^{2} de superficie dispuestos uno al lado de otro con distintas orientaciones, formando una especie de escamas. Esto hace la superficie especialmente resistente al deslizamiento; también uniforme a la vez que sufrida y fácilmente limpiable con manguera o escoba. Los colores son amarillo (pantone 107), verde (375), azul (266) y rojo (206).The surface texture are inclined planes squares of 10 to 15 mm 2 of surface arranged next to each other of another with different orientations, forming a kind of scales This makes the surface especially resistant to glide; also uniform while suffering and easily cleanable with hose or broom. The colors are yellow (pantone 107), green (375), blue (266) and red (206).
Suele presentarse en colores vivos, distinguiendo esta característica al producto de la invención de los existentes en el mercado.It usually comes in bright colors, distinguishing this characteristic from the product of the invention of those existing in the market.
Las características de la capa intermedia (amortiguadora) son las siguientes.The characteristics of the intermediate layer (buffer) are as follows.
Posee un grueso de 22 a 30 mm. Está formada por espuma elastomérica de celda cerrada, cuya fase sólida constituye entre el 15 y el 25% en volumen formada a su vez por un reticulado elastomérico fabricado a partir de caucho de poliisopreno modificado con poliolefina, carga silicea y plastificantes tipo hidrocarburo y ésteres, lo que le confiere gran poder de amortiguación.It has a thickness of 22 to 30 mm. It's formed by closed cell elastomeric foam, whose solid phase constitutes between 15 and 25% by volume formed in turn by a reticulate elastomeric manufactured from polyisoprene rubber modified with polyolefin, siliceous filler and plasticizers type hydrocarbon and esters, which gives it great power to damping
La densidad de esta capa intermedia oscila preferentemente entre 80 y 400 kg/m^{3}, aunque preferentemente oscilará entre 150 y 250 kg/m^{3} y durezas que oscilan entre 5 y 30º Shore aunque preferentemente oscilarán entre 15 y 30º Shore.The density of this intermediate layer ranges preferably between 80 and 400 kg / m 3, although preferably will range between 150 and 250 kg / m 3 and hardnesses ranging between 5 and 30º Shore although preferably they will oscillate between 15 and 30º Shore.
El color es desde gris claro a negro, sin garantía de color, ya que puede contener materiales reciclados hasta el 70%. Su característica fundamental es una alta absorción de energía debido a su composición química y al gas contenido en las microesferas que forman la espuma.The color is from light gray to black, without Color guarantee, as it may contain recycled materials up to 70% Its fundamental characteristic is a high absorption of energy due to its chemical composition and the gas contained in the microspheres that form the foam.
Las características de la capa inferior (capa de anclaje o de fijación al suelo) son las siguientes.The characteristics of the lower layer (layer of anchoring or ground fixing) are as follows.
Posee un grueso de 1 a 5 mm. Está formada por espuma de celda cerrada, de composición muy similar a la primera capa superior incluyendo una resina de petróleo alifática para tener buena adherencia. Con densidad entre 250 y 350 kg/m^{3} y durezas entre 65 y 80º Shore. Su misión es garantizar una buena adherencia de las losetas al substrato mediante adhesivo de contacto. Esta capa inferior es blanca, plana y está salpicada de troncos de cono de 15 a 20 mm de diámetro y entre 1 y 5 mm de altura distribuidos al tresbolillo y separados de 25 a 35 mm entre centros de forma regular. La superficie de los troncos de cono está lijada para favorecer la adhesión.It has a thickness of 1 to 5 mm. It's formed by closed cell foam, of composition very similar to the first top layer including an aliphatic oil resin for have good adhesion With density between 250 and 350 kg / m 3 and hardness between 65 and 80º Shore. Your mission is to ensure a good adhesion of the tiles to the substrate by adhesive Contact. This bottom layer is white, flat and dotted with cone logs 15 to 20 mm in diameter and between 1 and 5 mm in diameter height distributed to the tresbolillo and separated from 25 to 35 mm between centers on a regular basis. The surface of the cone trunks is sanded to promote adhesion.
El conjunto está fabricado por moldeo por compresión/expansión en una sola etapa, introduciendo las tres mezclas laminadas en un molde a 160º y presionando a 200 kg/cm^{2} durante 30 minutos para que se formen los reticulados poliméricos que son expandidos por acción del gas generado cuando cesa la presión hasta su densidad final (200-300 kg/m^{3}).The set is manufactured by molding by single stage compression / expansion, introducing all three laminated mixtures in a mold at 160º and pressing at 200 kg / cm2 for 30 minutes for the crosslinks to form Polymers that are expanded by the action of the gas generated when the pressure ceases to its final density (200-300 kg / m 3).
Los materiales componentes de las tres capas debido al proceso de fabricación específico, están firmemente unidas entre sí y el conjunto satisface las exigencias de un pavimento de seguridad.The three layer component materials Due to the specific manufacturing process, they are firmly joined together and the whole satisfies the demands of a safety pavement
Las ventajas que aportan las losetas componentes del pavimento o suelo de la invención son los siguientes:The advantages of component tiles of the floor or floor of the invention are the following:
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- Absorción de impacto. En una tabla se puede observar cómo con el suelo de la invención se muestra una altura crítica de caída de hasta un 30% superior al aglomerado de goma existente a igualdad de grueso (norma EN1177/1997).Impact absorption. In a table you you can see how with the floor of the invention a critical height of fall of up to 30% higher than the agglomerate of existing rubber with equal thickness (standard EN1177 / 1997).
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- Comodidad. Se puede andar cómodamente con calzado de calle sobre él, a diferencia de las colchonetas de PU recubiertas de PVC.Comfort. You can walk comfortably with street shoes on it, unlike the mats of PVC coated PU.
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- Impermeabilidad. No absorbe líquidos (agua de lluvia, orines, bebidas, etc). Cualidad muy importante ésta al ser para instalaciones esencialmente exteriores y muchas veces sin vallar.Impermeability. Does not absorb liquids (rainwater, urine, drinks, etc). Very important quality this being for essentially outdoor installations and many Fenceless times.
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- Higiénico. Al estar formado por una superficie continua (sin formaciones a base de trozos aglomerados), ésta es mucho más fácil de limpiar.Hygienic. Being formed by a continuous surface (no chunk-based formations chipboard), this one is much easier to clean.
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- Coloreado. Está pigmentado en masa, no recubierto de pintura, con lo que la instalación se hace más atractiva a los niños y no pierde el color a los pocos meses de uso.Colored. It is mass pigmented, no coated with paint, so the installation becomes more attractive to children and does not lose color a few months after use.
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- Seguridad. No es posible arrancar trozos pequeños con la mano.Security. It is not possible to tear apart Small by hand.
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- Homogeneidad. Este pavimento muestra la misma altura crítica de caída en toda su superficie, ya que la geometría es uniforme. El material aglomerado existente, en su cara posterior muestra grandes cavidades y nervaduras que hacen irregular la absorción de impacto.Homogeneity. This pavement shows the same critical fall height over its entire surface, since the Geometry is uniform. The existing agglomerated material, on your face posterior shows large cavities and ribs that make irregular impact absorption.
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- Durabilidad. El material no se deteriora con el agua ni el ozono ni la radiación solar directa, a diferencia del aglomerado de goma cuyo ligante de PU sufre hidrólisis con el agua y la goma se hace quebradiza con la luz y el ozono.Durability. The material does not deteriorate with water or ozone or direct solar radiation, to difference of the rubber agglomerate whose PU binder suffers hydrolysis with water and rubber becomes brittle with light and the ozone.
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- Ausencia de sustancias nocivas. No contiene PVC, por ejemplo, ni productos clorados. Tampoco aminas y otras sustancias que contienen necesariamente la goma del aglomerado.Absence of harmful substances. Do not Contains PVC, for example, or chlorinated products. Neither do you aminate and other substances that necessarily contain the gum of agglomerate.
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- Por otro lado, la normativa aplicable a las losetas del pavimento de la invención es la determinación de la altura de caída crítica del revestimiento en laboratorio de la norma EN1177/1997 "revestimientos de las superficies de las áreas de juego absorbedores de impactos. Requisito de seguridad y métodos de ensayo".By on the other hand, the regulations applicable to the pavement tiles of the invention is the determination of the critical fall height of the laboratory coating of EN1177 / 1997 "surface coverings of play areas shock absorbers Security requirement and methods of test".
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- En la norma se define un criterio de daño en la cabeza (HIC), a partir de deceleraciones y tiempos de impacto en el instante del choque, y supone que hasta un valor de (HIC) igual a 1000 no hay daño importante. La finalidad del ensayo es determinar la altura de caída a partir de la cual el daño es mayor que ese valor de 1000.In the standard defines a criterion of head damage (HIC), from decelerations and impact times at the time of the crash, and assumes that up to a value of (HIC) equal to 1000 there is no damage important. The purpose of the test is to determine the height of fall from which the damage is greater than that value of 1000
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- El ensayo consiste en dejar caer sobre el pavimento de prueba, desde distintas alturas, una esfera de aluminio de peso y dimensiones semejantes a la cabeza de un niño y registrar el (HIC). A continuación se representa gráficamente el (HIC) en función de la altura y se interpola el valor de la altura para HIC = 1000 que se denomina altura de caída crítica.He trial consists of dropping on the test pavement, from different heights, an aluminum sphere of weight and dimensions similar to a child's head and record the (HIC). TO The (HIC) is plotted as a function of the height and the height value for HIC = 1000 is interpolated called critical fall height.
A continuación se muestra una tabla con las alturas críticas de caída para pavimentos de distinto grueso. Se comparan los valores obtenidos con el pavimento de la invención con respecto a un pavimento estándar de aglomerado existente en el mercado.Below is a table with the Critical fall heights for pavements of different thickness. Be compare the values obtained with the pavement of the invention with with respect to a standard agglomerate pavement existing in the market.
Se observa que el suelo objeto de la invención tiene una altura crítica de caída aproximadamente un 30% superior a las losetas de goma de aglomerado para el mismo espesor de pavimento.It is observed that the soil object of the invention has a critical height of fall approximately 30% higher than chipboard rubber tiles for the same thickness of pavement.
Esto es debido a su mayor capacidad de amortiguación, basada como ya se ha dicho, en la composición química de la matriz y la presencia de las microburbujas de gas.This is due to its greater ability to cushioning, based on what has already been said, in the composition matrix chemistry and the presence of microbubbles of gas.
A continuación para facilitar una mejor comprensión de esta memoria descriptiva y formando parte integrante de la misma se acompañan unas figuras en las que con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo se ha representado el objeto de la invención.Next to facilitate a better understanding of this descriptive report and being an integral part of the same accompany some figures in which with character illustrative and not limiting the object of the invention.
Figura 1.- Muestra una vista en planta de la cara superior de una parte de una loseta que forma parte del pavimento de seguridad para protección contra impactos, resistente a la intemperie, objeto de la invención.Figure 1.- Shows a plan view of the upper face of a part of a tile that is part of the safety floor for impact protection, resistant outdoors, object of the invention.
Figura 2.- Muestra una vista en planta de la cara inferior de la misma parte de la loseta.Figure 2.- Shows a plan view of the underside of the same part of the tile.
Figura 3.- Muestra una vista frontal de la misma parte de la loseta o baldosa de la invención.Figure 3.- Shows a front view of it part of the tile of the invention.
Figura 4.- Muestra una vista de un gráfico donde se representan las alturas críticas de caída para distintos valores.Figure 4.- Shows a view of a graph where critical fall heights are represented for different values.
Considerando la numeración adoptada en las figuras, el pavimento de la invención está formado mediante losetas 1 que se acoplan entre sí mediante acoplamiento machihembrado 2, de manera que cada loseta 1 comprende dos capas delgadas de mayor dureza, superior 3 e inferior 4, y una tercera capa intermedia 5 sustancialmente más gruesa, de manera que estas capas 3, 4 y 5, proporcionan una mayor absorción al impacto manteniendo sobradamente las exigencias para el uso, a la vez que tiene una gran resistencia a la intemperie.Considering the numbering adopted in the figures, the floor of the invention is formed by tiles 1 that are coupled together by tongue and groove coupling 2, so that each tile 1 comprises two thin layers of greater hardness, upper 3 and lower 4, and a third intermediate layer 5 substantially thicker, so that these layers 3, 4 and 5, provide greater impact absorption while maintaining excessively the requirements for use, while having a Great weather resistance.
Las losetas están formadas por materiales poliméricos con una dureza y composición particulares, losetas formadas por una suspensión de microesferas de gas atrapadas en una matriz sólida (espuma microcelular). Esta matriz es un reticulado polimérico y está distribuida en tres capas superpuestas, con distinta composición. Las dos externas presentan una dureza preferentemente entre 60 y 80º Shore y están formadas a partir de polietileno modificado. La capa intermedia con una dureza preferente de 15 a 30º Shore está formada a partir de caucho de poliisopreno modificado.The tiles are formed by materials Polymers with a particular hardness and composition, tiles formed by a suspension of gas microspheres trapped in a solid matrix (microcellular foam). This matrix is a crosslinked polymeric and is distributed in three superimposed layers, with different composition The two external ones have a hardness preferably between 60 and 80º Shore and are formed from modified polyethylene. The intermediate layer with a hardness Preferred from 15 to 30º Shore is formed from rubber of modified polyisoprene.
Las capas externas, superior 3 e inferior 4, compuestas por reticulados poliméricos están hechas a partir de otras poliolefinas.The outer layers, upper 3 and lower 4, composed of polymeric crosslinks are made from other polyolefins
La capa intermedia 5 está compuesta por reticulado polimérico hecho a partir de otros elastómeros. La capa externa está coloreada y formada por polímeros de alta cristalinidad que confieren resistencia a la intemperie, al desgaste y a la huella remanente. La capa interna está formada por elastómeros amorfos reticulados que confieren alto poder de amortiguación, unidas y pegadas con adhesivo al substrato.The intermediate layer 5 is composed of polymeric crosslinking made from other elastomers. The layer External is colored and formed by high polymers crystallinity that confer weather resistance, wear and remaining footprint. The inner layer is formed by crosslinked amorphous elastomers that confer high power of damping, bonded and glued with adhesive to the substrate.
La fabricación del suelo es en una sola etapa de compresión-expansión.Soil manufacturing is in a single stage of compression-expansion
La capa inferior 4 incluye en su cara libre tacos troncocónicos de escasa altura 6, esencialmente con una distribución al tresbolillo que proporcionan una mejor fijación al suelo donde se instale el pavimento de la invención.The bottom layer 4 includes on its free face Trunk-shaped studs of low height 6, essentially with a Tresbolillo distribution that provide better fixation to the floor where the floor of the invention is installed.
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES200600626A ES2296508B1 (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2006-03-13 | SECURITY FLOOR FOR PROTECTION AGAINST IMPACTS, WEATHER RESISTANT. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES200600626A ES2296508B1 (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2006-03-13 | SECURITY FLOOR FOR PROTECTION AGAINST IMPACTS, WEATHER RESISTANT. |
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ES2296508B1 true ES2296508B1 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
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ES200600626A Expired - Fee Related ES2296508B1 (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2006-03-13 | SECURITY FLOOR FOR PROTECTION AGAINST IMPACTS, WEATHER RESISTANT. |
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CH617859A5 (en) * | 1976-07-10 | 1980-06-30 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | |
DE2721532A1 (en) * | 1977-04-27 | 1978-11-09 | Basf Ag | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING FOAM COMPOSITE MATERIALS |
WO1993015905A1 (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1993-08-19 | Ian Walters | Layer structure |
DE4342200C2 (en) * | 1993-02-25 | 1995-04-06 | Spieth Holztechnik Gmbh | Gym mat |
ES2157814B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2002-04-16 | Pemarsa S A | COMPOSITE PAVEMENT, ESPECIALLY FOR SPORTS, CHILDREN AND LIVESTOCK, AND PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING SUCH PAVEMENT. |
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