ES2289431T3 - PROCEDURE FOR SEPARATING TOBACCO FROM A TOBACCO FARD, AS WELL AS A DEVICE FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PROCEDURE. - Google Patents

Abstract

The tobacco cutting machine (10) has a rotor (11,12) with four apertures (19) accommodating knives or scraper blades (13,14). The knives may be set at 13-24 degrees to the vertical plane of the rotor disk. The disk turns inside a fixed housing (24) with a flat back-plate. The plate has a breather aperture (30) and the tobacco stick (16) is pushed onto the rotor through a second aperture (29). Tobacco flakes fall through an outlet aperture (26) in the bottom of the housing.

Description

Procedure to separate tobacco from a bale of tobacco, as well as a device for the realization of process.

The invention relates to a device for separating tobacco from a bundle of tobacco, which comprises a means of separation that can be rotatably operated with at least one separation element as well as a feeding path for feed the tobacco bale in the cutting plane formed by the Separation element or for each of these. Besides, the invention relates to a method of separating tobacco from a tobacco bale comprising the following stages: transport the bale of tobacco to the area of the cutting plane of a means of rotating separation provided with at least one separation element, separate the tobacco from the bale of tobacco with the separation element and divert the separated tobacco to a subsequent discharge system.

Procedures and devices of this type They are used in the tobacco industry. In this case, of a called "tobacco bale", which is made up of tobacco leaves pressed, strands of tobacco or the like, portions of smaller individual tobacco and feed the next treatment. Known tobacco cutting devices, which normally they can also be configured as cutters front, cut the tobacco sheets of the tobacco bundle by blades arranged radially around a head swivel The blades pass through the feed path of the bale tobacco. During the cutting process, the cut material is say, for example, separated tobacco, is conducted through the side flanks of the blades to a cavity in which also the rotating blade holder is arranged. Separate tobacco led to the cavity collides in this case necessarily with the rotating parts, specifically, with the displaced parts of the cutting head These collisions lead, on the one hand, to a high dust formation On the other hand, separated tobacco is also seen Damaged by collisions.

In other tobacco cutting machines known, the tobacco after separating from the bale of tobacco slips by the side flanks of the blades to a so-called "throat" arranged below the blades from which the tobacco is conducted to a later discharge system. In this case the separated tobacco is transported or thrown into the throat with high speed, specifically about the speed of cutting of the blades. By diverting the current from separate tobacco, caused by the shock in the throat, it accelerates at a speed that is approximately twice the cutting speed of the blades. Since the acceleration is still performs in a very narrow radius of the throat, tobacco undergoes a very high load, which again leads to a formation high dust and, therefore, losses of raw material. Behind the deviation and acceleration caused by this, tobacco is then leads in tangential direction from the cutting drum and arrives almost without braking at an obtuse angle to the system surface discharge, which again leads to dust formation and loss attached to it from raw material. In addition, it is destroyed also by the described treatment of tobacco.

Therefore, the objective of the present invention is to create a simple device to manufacture that guarantees a reliable and careful separation with tobacco from the bale of tobacco and a routing of tobacco separated to later systems. Further, It is the object of the invention to propose a method with which tobacco can be separated from a bundle of tobacco so especially careful and lead to later systems.

This objective is solved, on the one hand, to through a generic type device mentioned at the beginning because the separation medium presents in the zone of each element of separation a perforation that is configured in such a way that tobacco separated from the bale of tobacco is necessarily conducted from the cutting plane next to the separation means opposite to the tobacco bale By means of the configuration according to the invention of the separation medium is possible especially effectively and surprisingly simple a careful separation of tobacco from tobacco bale and a separate tobacco diversion since the tobacco separated directly after separation from the cutting plane can lead to a separate area from the zone of Cut without tobacco having to deviate.

In an advantageous variant of the invention is provided a cutting area on the front side of the middle of separation directed to the bale of tobacco and a resting area in the rear side of the separation means opposite the tobacco bale. TO through this local separation, produced by the geometry of the means of separation, from the cutting area and the resting area, the resting area is free of displaced parts of the device same, so that the separated tobacco is not loaded additionally right after separation. The separated tobacco is then brakes only through its own resistance aerodynamics. Tobacco that falls by its own weight down on direction to the discharge system is conducted by the air flow very carefully from the cutting area to the system low speed download

Preferably, each perforation has a funnel shape that opens to the middle side of separation opposite to the bale of tobacco. This form of perforations allow a tobacco diversion without changes of direction, that is, almost linear, with which the load on tobacco It is reduced especially effectively.

Advantageously, the separation means is configured as a cutting plate, the plate being arranged cut in a tree that determines the axis of rotation. By means of the configuration of the separating medium as a shaped cutting plate disk deviation of separated tobacco is possible without changing Address especially easily.

In another preferred embodiment, the medium Separation is configured as a hollow drum, being able to the hollow drum is rotatably rotated about the axis of turn. By configuring the separation medium as a drum hollow, conditioned by the geometry of the same hollow drum, is it achieves in a particularly simple way a separation in zone of cutting and resting area without requiring a constructive expense additional. Rather, they take advantage of surprisingly existing geometric particularities anyway.

In addition, the objective is solved thanks to a procedure with the stages mentioned at the beginning because the Separated tobacco is conducted directly after separation of the bale of tobacco necessarily from the cutting plane, through the separation means, next to the separation means opposite to the tobacco bale This facilitates separation and guidance careful of the tobacco that has just separated to a system of later download

Of the dependent claims and the description follows other variants and preferred embodiments  of the invention. Embodiments are explained in detail especially preferred, as well as the procedure according to invention by drawing. In the drawing they show:

Figure 1, a front view of a first embodiment of the device for separating tobacco from a tobacco bale,

Figure 2, a view according to the section A-A of the device according to figure 1,

Figure 3, a view according to the section B-B of the device according to figure 1,

Figure 4, a detailed representation F of the blade according to figure 3 greatly increased,

Figure 5, a perspective view of another embodiment of the device for separating tobacco from a tobacco bale, and

Figure 6, a side view of the device according to figure 5 in full cut.

The devices shown in the figures serve for cutting and driving cut tobacco in a cutting machine tobacco.

Figure 1 shows a device 10 that It comprises a separation means 11. The separation means 11 is configured in this embodiment as cutting plate 12 in disk shape The cutting plate 12 has several elements 13 separating, preferably eight, evenly distributed by the perimeter, which are usually configured as blades Four blades 14 are distributed in the figures by the perimeter. However, alternatively they can other means 13 of separation are also used, for example, fission, shear or shock elements or the like. The four blades 14 or their cutting edges are radially oriented and configured so that they can be adjusted. Through the setting or blade adjustment 14 can compensate for wear of the blades 14 or cutting edges that is specially produced by the sharpening of sharp edges. Alternatively also the position of the entire cutting plate 12 may vary, being then hold the blades 14 fixedly (stationary) in the cutting plate 12.

The blades 14 form a cutting plane 15 that it extends or unfolds parallel to the cutting plate 12. The blades 14 have an angle α of attack of approximately 10º to 50º, the preferred inclination of the blades 14 with respect to the cutting plane 15 of approximately 13th to 24th. In addition, the device 10 has a way of feed (not shown) whereby a bundle 16 of tobacco it can approach the separation means 11 or the cutting plate 12, and specifically to the area of the cutting plane 15. This way of Power can be configured as conveyor belt, chain Conveyor or other usual means of feeding.

As can be seen from the figure 2, the cutting plate 12 is arranged in a tree 17 which can Actively rotatable about an axis 18 of rotation. He same cutting plate 12 presents in each case a perforation 19 in the area of the blades 14. The perforations 19 are configured as a passage opening, so that a step is created from the side 20 front of the cutting plate 12, to which the bale 16 is fed of tobacco, to the rear side 21 of the cutting plate 12, in the leaves the separate tobacco In other words, the cutting plate 12 delimits with its geometry a cutting area 22 that is on side 20 front of a resting area 23 located on the side 21 rear. The resting zone 23 is surrounded by a housing 24 which almost completely closes the resting area 23 of the environment. Only in an area 25 of the bottom of the housing 24 is configured an opening, specifically, an ejection well 26, to through which the separated tobacco can be fed to a system later download (not shown). Through perforations 19 a passage of tobacco separated from tobacco bundle 16 is possible from the front side 20 to the rear side 21, which is free of changes management, so that tobacco can be transported or move almost linearly. To facilitate this transport no change of direction each perforation 19 presents so convenient a funnel shape that opens to the rear side 21 (see especially figures 3 and 4).

The housing 24 is fixed to a base plate 27 of separable way. The base plate 27 is preferably configured,  like cutting plate 12, disk-shaped and is arranged parallel to the cutting plate 12 and separated from this one such that between the cutting plate 12 and the base plate 27 cutting zone 22 is formed. In the area of the feeding route from tobacco bundle 16 to cutting zone 22 or plane 15 of cut, the base plate has an opening 28 through which the tobacco bundle 16 can be transported in the direction of the plate 12 cutting The opening 28 is provided with a nozzle 29 for facilitate channeled and defined feeding of bale 16 of tobacco. In addition, the base plate 27 has at least one opening 30 additional. This opening 30, several of which may be distributed around the perimeter, it serves to introduce and / or aspirate a stream 31 of air formed by surrounding air in zone 22 cutting or resting zone 23. Basically air is sucked from the cutting zone 22 to form the air stream 31 to through the rotating movement of the cutting plate 12 itself. The opening 30 serves to "breathe", that is, fill zone 22 cutting with air to prevent a vacuum in the cutting area 22. TO through air stream 31 transport is facilitated careful of the current 32 of tobacco composed of tobacco separated from the cutting zone 22 to the resting zone 23. For produce an active air stream 31 can also be arranged means (not shown) in the area of the base plate 27.

As can be seen especially from Figures 3 and 4, the perforations 19 are configured such so that they present at least partially a linear step from the front side 20 to rear side 21. In other words, an edge 34 of perforation 19 extending in the direction of transport (see arrow 37) of tobacco bundle 16, which advances in the cutting direction (see arrow 33) it is set to the cutting direction in front of the blade tip 35 of the blade 14. The edge 34 presents in the area of the front side 20 of the cutting plate 12 a bevel 38 which facilitates the "threading" of tobacco separated in perforation 19. One of the edges 36 of the perforation 19 that follows behind the blade tip 35 runs, starting from the blade tip 35, first at an acute β angle, preferably about 10 °, towards the blade 14 to exit in a radius towards zone 23 of repose. This geometry guarantees careful tobacco transport and almost no change of direction from zone 22 of cut to the zone 23 rest.

In figures 5 and 6 another form of realization of the device 10. For identical parts are used The same reference numbers. Since the devices 10 of Figures 1 to 4, on the one hand, and Figures 5 and 6, on the other side, they are built and work basically according to the same In principle, a detailed description thereof is omitted features and achievements. However, device 10 according to figures 5 and 6, there is a drum 41 as means 11 of separation. The hollow configured drum 41 also has four, in preferred embodiments also eight, elements 13 of separation or blades 14 evenly distributed by the perimeter describing a circle 15 of cut that corresponds to 15 cutting plane. The drum 41 itself can be operated in a manner rotating around an axis 42 of rotation. The blades 14 are extend parallel in the direction of the axis of rotation 42. In the zone from the feeding path of the tobacco bundle 16 the nozzle 29 such that the cutting zone 22 is formed between the tobacco bundle 16 and drum 41. The resting zone 23 is formed inside the drum 41.

Similarly to cutting plate 12, the side 20 forward is the side on which the bale 16 of tobacco. The inner area of the drum 41 corresponds to the side 21 rear. The cutting plane 15 presents in the second embodiment a slight curvature that runs parallel to the surface of the drum perimeter 41. The angle? of attack of the blades 14 with respect to the cutting plane 15 corresponds fundamentally to that of the first embodiment.

Within the resting area 23 it is planned another air stream 43 in addition to the air stream 31 radially oriented. The air stream 43 runs transverse to drum 41, specifically, in the direction of axis 42 of rotation. The air stream 43 can be produced with suitable means, preferably with a fan (not shown). The current 31 of air can be formed, on the one hand, by rotating the drum 41 even in connection with the directed air stream 43 transversely with respect to drum 41, such that it is generated a suction effect on the drum 41 from outside to inside. The air stream 31 may also optionally be produced by additional means The reference number 44 indicates the cutting direction of the drum 41.

The procedure for separate the tobacco from a bundle 16 of transported tobacco continually:

The tobacco bundle 16 is continuously driven to cutting plate 12 or drum 41, such that bale 16 of tobacco is disposed in contact with the cutting plate 12 or the drum 41. By rotating the cutting plate 12 or the drum 41 the blades 14 reach the position in which the tobacco separates of bale 16 of tobacco. In the device according to figures 1 to 4, the blades 14 reach the tobacco bundle 16 laterally and they separate the tobacco from the bale 16 of tobacco. The separation can be by cutting, fission, shearing or similar and depends, among others, fundamentally of the thickness of the material to be separated, which is not It has to be exclusively tobacco. In device 10 according to Figures 5 and 6, the separation process starts on the side top of the working bundle 16. The separated tobacco, which forms the current 32 of tobacco, is conducted immediately and directly from the cutting zone 22 to the resting zone 23. The transport of the area 22 cutting to the resting zone 23 is optionally provided to through the air stream 31, which sucks on its own by rotating the separation means 11, such that the stream 31 of air in the cutting plate 12 is conducted from the front side 20 to rear side 21, and on drum 41 from outside inwards, and specifically through the perforations 19. Thanks to the geometry and arrangement of the perforations 19 described above, tobacco stream 32 is transported in first place almost linearly, that is, without the changes of direction that destroy or accelerate the current 32 of tobacco, to the resting zone 23. Since the resting zone 23 is free of any component of the device 10, the collision of tobacco stream 32 with other components. The tobacco stream 32 is braked in resting zone 23 only through its own air resistance. The braking effect is also facilitates through the different flow rates, conditioned, on the one hand, by the small cross section in the area of the blade 14 or the cutting area 22 and, on the other hand, by the widened section in the zone of the resting zone 23.

In the same resting area 23 the tobacco stream 32 in the device 10 according to figures 1 to 4 through its force of gravity and optionally aided by the air flow 31 carefully in the direction of the well 26 of expulsion where the current 32 of tobacco reaches with reduced speed the download system. Stream 32 of tobacco is conducted in device 10 according to figures 5 and 6 a through the stream 43 of additional air from zone 23 of resting at an outlet opening from the drum 41.

Claims (23)

1. Device for separating tobacco from a tobacco bundle (16) comprising a separation means (11) that can be rotatably operated with at least one separating element (13), as well as a feed path for introducing the bundle (16) of tobacco in the cutting plane (15) formed by the separation element (13) or each of these, characterized in that the separation means (11) in the area of each separation element (13) has a perforation (19) which is configured in such a way that the tobacco separated from the tobacco bundle (16) is forced from the cutting plane (15) on the side of the separation means (11) opposite the tobacco bundle (16) . Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation means (11) have several separation elements (13) that are configured as blades (14). Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the separation means (11) has eight adjustable blades (14) which are arranged evenly distributed along the perimeter of the separation means (11). Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the blades (14) have an angle α of attack of approximately 10 ° to 50 °, preferably approximately 13 ° to 24 ° with respect to the cutting plane (15). Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a cutting area (22) is provided on the front side (20) of the separation means (11) directed to the tobacco bundle (16) and on the side (21) rear of the separation means (11) opposite the bale (16) of tobacco is provided a resting area (23). Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tobacco separated from the tobacco bundle (16) can be transported without changes of direction, that is, almost linearly from the front side (20) to the rear side (21) of the means (11) of separation. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each perforation (19) has a funnel shape that opens towards the side of the separation means (11) opposite the tobacco bundle (16). Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the separation means (11) is configured as a cutting plate (12), the cutting plate (12) being arranged in a shaft (17) that determines the axis (18) turn. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the blades (14) are arranged in such a way in the cutting plate (12) that their cutting edges are oriented radially. Device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that a base plate (27) is associated to the cutting plate (12) on the front side (20), the cutting plate (12) and the plate (27) being arranged. base separated from each other to form the cutting area (22). Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the base plate (27) has a nozzle (29) for the defined feeding of the tobacco bundle (16) in the area of the cutting plane (15). Device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the base plate (27) has at least one additional opening (30) for introducing and / or aspirating a stream (31) of air. 13. Device according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that a housing (24) is provided on the base plate (27) to form the resting area (23) on the rear side (21) of the plate (12) cutting 14. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the housing (24) has an ejection well (26) for routing the separated tobacco to a subsequent discharge system. 15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the separation means (11) is configured as a hollow drum (41), the hollow drum (41) being able to rotate about the axis (42) of rotation. 16. Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the blades (14) are arranged in the area of the perimeter surface of the drum (41) and extend parallel to the axis (42) of rotation. 17. Device according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that a nozzle (29) is provided for the defined feeding of the tobacco bundle (16) in the area of the cutting circle (15). 18. Device according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that means are provided for introducing a stream (43) of air into the resting area (23) parallel to the axis (42) of rotation and / or a stream ( 31) radial air transverse to the axis (42) of rotation. 19. Device according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the hollow drum (41) has on its front side an ejection opening to route the separated tobacco to a rear discharge system. 20. Procedure to separate tobacco from a tobacco bale, comprising the stages: - transport the tobacco bundle (16) to the area of the cutting plane (15) of a rotating separation means (11) provided with at least one separating element (13), - separate the tobacco from the bale (16) of tobacco with the separating element (13), - conduct the tobacco separately from the bale (16) of tobacco to a later discharge system, characterized because, - separated tobacco is conducted directly after separation of the bale (16) of tobacco necessarily from the cutting plane (15), through the separation means (11), next to the separation means (11) opposite the bale (16) of tobacco. 21. Method according to claim 20, characterized in that the transport of the tobacco separated from the tobacco bundle (16) is carried out from the cutting plane (15) opposite the tobacco bundle (16) in a linear orientation. 22. Method according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the transport is carried out without changes of direction from a cutting area (22) in front of the separation means (11) to a resting area (23) behind the medium (11) from separation. 23. Method according to claim 22, characterized in that the separated tobacco is braked in the resting zone (23) only through its own air resistance.