ES2281281A1 - Method of correcting ferric chlorosis in plants - Google Patents
Method of correcting ferric chlorosis in plants Download PDFInfo
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- ES2281281A1 ES2281281A1 ES200600263A ES200600263A ES2281281A1 ES 2281281 A1 ES2281281 A1 ES 2281281A1 ES 200600263 A ES200600263 A ES 200600263A ES 200600263 A ES200600263 A ES 200600263A ES 2281281 A1 ES2281281 A1 ES 2281281A1
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- 208000006278 hypochromic anemia Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 206010022971 Iron Deficiencies Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 68
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical group [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000219745 Lupinus Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000000894 Lupinus albus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010649 Lupinus albus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001167556 Catena Species 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002725 Olea europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012272 crop production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000459 effect on growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940116007 ferrous phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- -1 ferrous sulfate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001608 iron mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000155 iron(II) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SDEKDNPYZOERBP-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(ii) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O SDEKDNPYZOERBP-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008121 plant development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
- C05F5/008—Waste from biochemical processing of material, e.g. fermentation, breweries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Adición a la patente principal P200401472 por: "Utilización de vinazas en la prevención y control de la clorosis férrica en plantas".Addition to the main patent P200401472 by: "Use of vinasses in the prevention and control of chlorosis iron in plants ".
El objeto de la presente invención es la utilización de vinazas, obtenida como residuo de la industria azucarera, para la prevención y el control de la deficiencia de hierro [Fe (II)] en plantas, mediante la aplicación conjunta de la vinaza con una sal de hierro [Fe (II)] al suelo directamente o mediante el agua de riego. Esta invención puede ser usada como producto fertilizante en el sector agrícola.The object of the present invention is the use of vinasses, obtained as an industry waste sugar, for the prevention and control of deficiency of iron [Fe (II)] in plants, by joint application of the vinasse with an iron salt [Fe (II)] to the ground directly or through irrigation water. This invention can be used as Fertilizer product in the agricultural sector.
La clorosis férrica es una deficiencia de hierro (Fe) en las plantas inducida por las propiedades del suelo cuando las plantas crecen en suelos con pH básico. Es un problema habitual en suelos calcáreos, que son frecuentes en áreas áridas y semiáridas del planeta. La sintomatología típica es una clorosis internervial en las zonas más próximas a los ápices, y hay un claro efecto negativo sobre crecimiento y producción del cultivo.Iron chlorosis is an iron deficiency (Fe) in plants induced by soil properties when the plants grow in soils with basic pH. It is a common problem in calcareous soils, which are frequent in arid areas and semi-arid of the planet. The typical symptomatology is a chlorosis internervial in the areas closest to the apexes, and there is a clear negative effect on growth and crop production.
La corrección de la clorosis férrica implica la aplicación al suelo o a la planta de una fuente de hierro. Tradicionalmente se han utilizado, para su aplicación al suelo, diversos productos de naturaleza inorgánica, como sales de hierro en forma ferrosa, piritas y diversos óxidos de hierro. Las dosis requeridas eran elevadas por la reducida solubilidad de algunos, o bien, porque el hierro aplicado en el caso de compuestos solubles pasaba rápidamente a formas insolubles y, por tanto, poco asimilable por las plantas. Las fuentes más eficientes son los quelatos (en condiciones de suelos calcáreos el Fe-EDDHA) que se han hecho habituales en los últimos treinta años. Son productos eficaces pero muy caros, lo que puede condicionar la viabilidad económica de ciertos cultivos sensibles a tal deficiencia en suelos calcáreos. Otra limitación de los quelatos es su reducida persistencia y la susceptibilidad de ser lavados, lo que obliga a varios tratamientos a lo largo de un ciclo de cultivo.The correction of iron chlorosis implies application to the soil or plant of an iron source. Traditionally they have been used, for application to the ground, various products of inorganic nature, such as iron salts in Ferrous form, pyrites and various iron oxides. The dose required were high due to the reduced solubility of some, or well, because the iron applied in the case of soluble compounds it quickly passed into insoluble forms and, therefore, little assimilable by plants. The most efficient sources are the chelates (in conditions of calcareous soils on Fe-EDDHA) that have become common in Last thirty years. They are effective but very expensive products, which may condition the economic viability of certain crops sensitive to such deficiency in calcareous soils. Other limitation of chelates is its reduced persistence and susceptibility to be washed, forcing several treatments along a crop cycle
Schwetmann y Fitzpatrick (1992) consideran que la preservación de óxidos de baja cristalinidad en el suelo (en especial ferrihidrita) es fundamental para mantener hierro disponible para microorganismos y plantas, por lo que aquellos factores que contribuyan a una baja cristalinidad en el óxido formado a partir del Fe^{2+} liberado por las fuentes de Fe aplicadas contribuirán a que el hierro presente en dichos óxidos sea más biodisponible (utilizable por plantas y microorganismos).Schwetmann and Fitzpatrick (1992) consider that the preservation of oxides of low crystallinity in the soil (in special ferrihydrite) is essential to maintain iron available for microorganisms and plants, so those factors that contribute to low oxide crystallinity formed from Fe 2+ released by the sources of Fe applied will contribute to the iron present in these oxides be more bioavailable (usable by plants and microorganisms)
Este hecho explica la eficiencia del fosfato ferroso (vivanita) sobre otras sales de Fe como el sulfato ferroso, ya que el fosfato presente en la vivianita favorece que se formen predominantemente óxidos de baja cristalinidad (Barrón et al., 1997; Gálvez et al., 1999). La presencia de ciertos iones y compuestos orgánicos puede actuar como inhibidores de la cristalización, como Delgado et al. (2002a, 2002b) han comprobado para otros minerales que se forman en ambientes edáficos. Esto puede contribuir a una mayor eficiencia del hierro aplicado como sales inorgánicas en la corrección de la clorosis férrica.This fact explains the efficiency of ferrous phosphate (vivanite) over other Fe salts such as ferrous sulfate, since the phosphate present in vivianite favors the formation of oxides of low crystallinity (Barrón et al ., 1997; Galvez et al . , 1999). The presence of certain ions and organic compounds can act as crystallization inhibitors, such as Delgado et al . (2002a, 2002b) have been checked for other minerals that are formed in edaphic environments. This may contribute to greater efficiency of the iron applied as inorganic salts in the correction of iron chlorosis.
Se ha observado que la materia orgánica en el medio de crecimiento incrementa la disponibilidad de hierro para las plantas (Wilkinson, 1972). Esto parece ser debido a dos procesos: (i) la complejación del Fe que lo protege de la precipitación, manteniéndolo más disponible y contribuye a la disolución de óxidos de hierro de baja cristalinidad, y (ii) el incremento de la difusión del Fe hacia las raíces. La complejación de los cationes metálicos por la materia orgánica del suelo los puede hacer más disponibles para las plantas (Datta et al., 2001; Greman et al., 2001; Pandeya et al. 1998). Pinton et al. (1999) comprobaron que la recuperación de plantas deficientes en hierro era más rápida cuando el hierro se aplicaba junto con sustancias húmicas que si se aplicaba sólo o con otros complejantes orgánicos como EDTA o citrato. Estas evidencias inducen a pensar que el suministro de hierro en forma de sales inorgánicas como la vivianita o el sulfato ferroso junto con una fuente orgánica puede incrementar la eficiencia de dichas fuentes como correctores de la clorosis férrica.It has been observed that organic matter in the growth medium increases the availability of iron for plants (Wilkinson, 1972). This seems to be due to two processes: (i) the complexation of the Faith that protects it from precipitation, keeping it more available and contributing to the dissolution of iron oxides of low crystallinity, and (ii) the increase in the diffusion of the Faith towards the roots. The complexation of metal cations by soil organic matter can make them more available to plants (Datta et al ., 2001; Greman et al ., 2001; Pandeya et al . 1998). Pinton et al . (1999) found that the recovery of iron-deficient plants was faster when iron was applied together with humic substances than if it was applied alone or with other organic complexing agents such as EDTA or citrate. This evidence suggests that the supply of iron in the form of inorganic salts such as vivianite or ferrous sulfate together with an organic source can increase the efficiency of these sources as correctors of ferric chlorosis.
Las vinazas de azucarera son un residuo de la industria azucarera con un contenido apreciable en materia orgánica, en particular en compuestos húmicos y fúlvicos. La aplicación de estos residuos junto con una fuente de Fe (sales de Fe) podría resultar eficiente en el suministro de Fe a plantas sensibles a la clorosis férrica.Sugar vinasses are a residue of the sugar industry with an appreciable content in matter organic, in particular in humic and fulvic compounds. The application of these wastes together with a source of Fe (salts of Fe) could be efficient in supplying Fe to plants sensitive to iron chlorosis.
El objetivo esencial de esta invención es el uso de vinazas de azucarera en la prevención de la clorosis férrica, aplicándola al medio de crecimiento junto con sulfato ferroso o vivianita.The essential objective of this invention is the use of sugar vinegars in the prevention of iron chlorosis, applying it to the growth medium together with ferrous sulfate or Vivianita
Barrón, V., Gálvez N., Hochela M.F. y Torrent J. 1997. Epitaxial overgrowth of goethite on hematite synthesized in phosphate media: a scanning force and transmissión electrón microscopy study. American mineralogist 82: 1091-1100. Barrón , V., Gálvez N., Hochela MF and Torrent J. 1997 . Epitaxial overgrowth of goethite on hematite synthesized in phosphate media: a scanning force and transmission electron microscopy study. American mineralogist 82: 1091-1100.
Datta A., Sanyal S.K., y Saha S. 2001. A study on natural and synthetic humic acids and their complexing ability towards cadmium. Plant and Soil 235: 115-125. Datta A., Sanyal SK, and Saha S. 2001 . A study on natural and synthetic humic acids and their complexing ability towards cadmium. Plant and Soil 235: 115-125.
Delgado A., Uceda I., Andreu L., Kassem S. y del Campillo M.C. 2002a. Fertilizer phosphorus recovery in gypsum amended calcareous marsh soils. Arid Land Research and Management. En prensa. Delgado A., Uceda I., Andreu L., Kassem S. and Campillo MC 2002 a. Fertilizer phosphorus recovery in gypsum amended calcareous marsh soils. Arid Land Research and Management . In press.
Delgado A., Madrid A., Kassem S., Andreu L. Y del Campillo M.C. 2002b. Phosphorus fertilizer recovery from calcareous soils amended with humic and fulvic acids. Plant and Soil, 245: 277-286. Delgado A., Madrid A., Kassem S., Andreu L. and Campillo MC 2002 b. Phosphorus fertilizer recovery from calcareous soils amended with humic and fulvic acids. Plant and Soil , 245: 277-286.
Eynard, A., del Campillo, M.C., Barrón, V. y Torrent, J. (1992). Use of vivianite (Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} 8H_{2}O) to prevent iron chlorosis in calcareous soils. Fertilizer Research. 31:61-67. Eynard , A., del Campillo , MC, Barrón , V. and Torrent , J. ( 1992 ). Use of vivianite (Fe_ {3} (PO_ {4}) {2} 8H_ {2}) to prevent iron chlorosis in calcareous soils. Fertilizer Research 31: 61-67.
Gálvez N., Barrón V. y Torrent J. 1999 Effect of phosphate on the crystallization of hematite, goethite, and lepidocrocite from ferrihydrite. Clays & Clay Minerals 47: 304-311. Gálvez N., Barrón V. and Torrent J. 1999 Effect of phosphate on the crystallization of hematite, goethite, and lepidocrocite from ferrihydrite. Clays & Clay Minerals 47: 304-311.
Greman H., Velikonja S., Vodnik D., Kos B. y Lestan D. 2001. EDATA enhanced heavy metal phytoextraction: metal accumulation, leaching and toxicity. Plant and Soil 235: 105-114. Greman H., Velikonja S., Vodnik D., Kos B. and Lestan D. 2001 . EDATA enhanced heavy metal phytoextraction: metal accumulation, leaching and toxicity. Plant and Soil 235: 105-114.
Lindsay W.L. y Norwell W.A. 1978. Development of DTPA test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42, 215-221. Lindsay WL and Norwell WA 1978 . Development of DTPA test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42, 215-221.
Loeppert R.H. y Inskeep W.P. 1996. Iron. En: Sparks D.L. (Ed.) Methods of soils analysis. Part 3, Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America. Madison, WI Rosado R., del Campillo M.C., Martinez M.A., Barrón V. y Torrent J. 2002. Long-term effectiveness of vivianite in reducing iron clorosis in olive trees. Plant and Soil 241: 139-144. Loeppert RH and Inskeep WP 1996 . Iron. In: Sparks DL (Ed.) Methods of soils analysis. Part 3, Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America. Madison, WI Rosado R., of Campillo MC, Martinez MA, Barrón V. and Torrent J. 2002 . Long-term effectiveness of vivianite in reducing iron chlorosis in olive trees. Plant and Soil 241: 139-144.
Pandeya S.B., Singh A.K. y Dhar P. 1998. Influence of fulvic acid on transport of iron in soils and uptake by paddy seedlings. Plant and Soil, 198: 117-125. Pandeya SB, Singh AK and Dhar P. 1998 . Influence of fulvic acid on transport of iron in soils and uptake by paddy seedlings. Plant and Soil , 198: 117-125.
Pinton R., Cesco S., Santi S., Agnolon F. Y Varanini Z. 1999. Water-extractable humic substances enhance iron deficiency responses by Fe-deficient cucumber plants. Plant and Soil 210: 145-157. Pinton R., Cesco S., Santi S., Agnolon F. and Varanini Z. 1999 . Water-extractable humic substances enhance iron deficiency responses by Fe-deficient cucumber plants. Plant and Soil 210: 145-157.
Schwertmann U. y Fitzpatrick R.W. 1992. Iron minerals in surface environments. En Skinner H.C.W. y Fitspatrick R.W. (eds) Biomineralization. Processes of iron and manganese -modern and ancient environments-. Catena supplement 21. Catena Verlag, Cremlingen-Desdedt, Alemania. Schwertmann U. and Fitzpatrick RW 1992 . Iron minerals in surface environments. In Skinner HCW and Fitspatrick RW (eds) Biomineralization. Processes of iron and manganese -modern and ancient environments-. Catena supplement 21. Catena Verlag, Cremlingen-Desdedt, Germany.
El objeto de la presente invención es la utilización de un residuo de la industria azucareras, las vinazas, en la prevención y el control de la clorosis férrica en plantas. La aplicación conjunta de vinazas y una sal de hierro Fe, eleva el contenido en clorofila de las plantas, ya que la materia orgánica presente en las vinazas favorece una mayor disponibilidad del Fe aplicado, ya sea por complejación o favoreciendo la formación de óxidos de muy baja cristalinidad a partir de la fuente de Fe aplicada. La invención propuesta representa una alternativa más económica frente a los métodos más usuales y efectivos de prevención de la deficiencia de Fe en plantas (quelatos de Fe), ya que las sales de hierro (II) utilizadas son productos muy económicos y la vinaza es un residuo que se puede obtener a muy bajo coste.The object of the present invention is the utilization of a residue from the sugar industry, the vinasses, in the prevention and control of iron chlorosis in plants. The joint application of vinegars and an iron salt Fe, elevates the Chlorophyll content of plants, since organic matter present in the vinasses favors a greater availability of the Faith applied, either by complexation or by favoring the formation of oxides of very low crystallinity from the source of Fe applied The proposed invention represents a further alternative. economic compared to the most usual and effective methods of prevention of Fe deficiency in plants (chelates of Fe), since that the iron (II) salts used are very economic and the vinegar is a residue that can be obtained at very low cost.
Las vinazas tienen inicialmente una conductividad eléctrica muy elevada (típicamente 32 dS/m), como consecuencia de un alto contenido en sales disueltas. Para evitar que la aplicación al medio de crecimiento interfiera en el desarrollo de las plantas se realiza una diálisis mediante el uso de una membrana con tamaño de poro 12-12000 Da. De esta manera se eliminaron la mayor parte de azúcares y sales solubles. Tras la diálisis el pH de la disolución debe ser inferior a 7 y la conductividad eléctrica inferior a 0.8 dS/m.The vinasses initially have a very high electrical conductivity (typically 32 dS / m), as consequence of a high content of dissolved salts. To avoid that the application to the growth medium interferes with the Plant development is performed dialysis by using a membrane with pore size 12-12000 Da. From this way most of the sugars and salts were eliminated soluble. After dialysis the pH of the solution must be lower at 7 and the electrical conductivity less than 0.8 dS / m.
En el caso de sales hierro relativamente insolubles, se preparará una suspensión de dichas sales que llevará también vinazas dializadas. Esta suspensión se mezclará con el medio de crecimiento o suelo si el cultivo se hace en maceta, o se aplicará a la zona de crecimiento preferente de raíces si se hace en suelo natural. En el caso de sales solubles, se utilizará una disolución de sulfato ferroso y de vinazas dializadas.In the case of relatively iron salts insoluble, a suspension of these salts will be prepared that will take also dialyzed vinasses. This suspension will be mixed with the growth medium or soil if the crop is potted, or will apply to the zone of preferential growth of roots if done in natural soil In the case of soluble salts, a solution of ferrous sulfate and dialyzed vinasses.
La aplicación de la mezcla de vinazas y sales de hierro se puede realizar mediante mezcla con el medio de cultivo (si el cultivo se hace en contenedor), aplicación mediante riego (si la sal de Fe es soluble) o aplicación mediante la inyección de una suspensión de vinazas y sal de hierro si ésta es de baja solubilidad.The application of the mixture of vinasses and salts of iron can be made by mixing with the culture medium (if the crop is made in container), application by irrigation (if the salt of Fe is soluble) or application by injecting a suspension of vinegars and iron salt if it is low solubility.
Para el caso de las dos sales de hierro más usuales en la corrección de la clorosis férrica, es decir, para el sulfato ferroso y la vivianita, la aplicación al medio de crecimiento de la mezcla a considerar es la siguiente:In the case of the two more iron salts usual in the correction of iron chlorosis, that is, for the ferrous sulfate and vivianite, the application to the environment of Mix growth to consider is as follows:
Para el sulfato ferroso, es recomendable la aplicación de una disolución que contiene 1.5 g de sulfato ferroso en un volumen comprendido entre 80 y 300 ml, preferentemente 200 ml, de vinazas dializadas por kg de medio de cultivo. Para cultivos leñosos esta disolución se aplicará por árbol.For ferrous sulfate, the application of a solution containing 1.5 g of ferrous sulfate in a volume between 80 and 300 ml, preferably 200 ml, of dialyzed vinasses per kg of culture medium. For crops woody this solution will be applied per tree.
En el caso de la vivianita, se recomienda la aplicación de una suspensión que contiene 1 g de vivianita y un volumen de vinazas dializadas por kg de medio de cultivo comprendido entre 50 y 100 ml, preferentemente 80 ml.In the case of vivianite, the application of a suspension containing 1 g of vivianite and a volume of dialyzed vinasses per kg of culture medium between 50 and 100 ml, preferably 80 ml.
En ambos casos la aplicación puede realizarse mediante mezcla con el medio de cultivo o mediante aplicación junto con el agua de riego.In both cases the application can be done by mixing with the culture medium or by application together With the irrigation water.
Figura 1.- Efecto de la aplicación de las vinazas en el contenido de clorofila en plantas de altramuz (medidos con medidor SPAD) para diferentes fuentes de Fe.Figure 1.- Effect of the application of vinazas in the content of chlorophyll in lupine plants (measured with SPAD meter) for different sources of Fe.
Para ilustrar el efecto que la aplicación de vinazas junto con sales de hierro, sulfato ferroso y vivianita tiene en la prevención de la clorosis férrica, se detalla a continuación los resultados de un experimento realizado en maceta sobre una arena calcárea (99% de CaCO_{3}) en condiciones controladas. Se utilizó como especie sensible altramuz blanco (Lupinus albus L.). Se estudió el efecto de la aplicación de diferentes dosis de vinazas dializadas (0, 20, 80 y 200 ml de vinaza dializada por kg de medio de cultivo) junto con diferentes fuentes de hierro, Fe: testigo sin aplicación, sulfato ferroso, vivianita y quelato de Fe. El sulfato ferroso y la vivianita se aplicaron a una dosis de 1 g por kg de arena calcárea. El quelato se aplicó en forma de Fe-EDDHA y constituye el tratamiento habitual para la corrección del problema en suelos calcáreos (quelato Fe-EDDHA) aplicado en disolución nutritiva a niveles recomendados. El experimento se realizó en macetas de 1.5 de volumen y utilizando 1.3 kg de arena calcárea como medio de crecimiento en cada una de ellas. Las vinazas y las sales de hierro se aplicaron en disolución, en el caso del sulfato de hierro, o suspensión, para la vivianita, mezclándolas con el medio de cultivo antes de transplantar las plantas.To illustrate the effect that the application of vinasses together with iron salts, ferrous sulfate and vivianite has on the prevention of iron chlorosis, the results of a potted experiment on a calcareous sand (99% CaCO_ { 3}) under controlled conditions. White lupine ( Lupinus albus L.) was used as a sensitive species. The effect of the application of different doses of dialyzed vinegars (0, 20, 80 and 200 ml of dialyzed vinegar per kg of culture medium) was studied together with different sources of iron, Fe: control without application, ferrous sulfate, vivianite and Fe chelate. Ferrous sulfate and vivianite were applied at a dose of 1 g per kg of calcareous sand. Chelate was applied in the form of Fe-EDDHA and constitutes the usual treatment for the correction of the problem in calcareous soils (Fe-EDDHA chelate) applied in nutritive solution at recommended levels. The experiment was conducted in 1.5-volume pots and using 1.3 kg of calcareous sand as a growth medium in each of them. Vinegars and iron salts were applied in solution, in the case of iron sulfate, or suspension, for vivianite, mixing them with the culture medium before transplanting the plants.
La Tabla 1 muestra el efecto de la aplicación de vinazas sobre el contenido en clorofila: la aplicación de las vinazas incrementó significativamente el contenido en clorofila la primera y segunda semana de cultivo, independientemente de la fuente de Fe utilizada. En la tercera semana no se observaron efectos significativos, justificados probablemente por el decaimiento general de las plantas en todos los tratamientos.Table 1 shows the effect of the application of vinazas on the chlorophyll content: the application of vinasses significantly increased the chlorophyll content the first and second week of cultivation, regardless of source of Faith used. In the third week no effects were observed significant, probably justified by decay general of plants in all treatments.
El efecto de las vinazas fue particularmente significativo con el sulfato ferroso, como puede apreciarse en la figura 1. Sin embargo, con esta fuente de Fe no se consiguen niveles de clorofila similares al tratamiento de referencia (quelato). La aplicación de 1 g de vivianita junto con vinazas (80 ml preferentemente) promueve en el cultivo niveles de clorofila medida con SPAD que no son significativamente distintos de los que se alcanzan con el tratamiento de referencia.The effect of the vinasses was particularly significant with ferrous sulfate, as can be seen in the Figure 1. However, with this source of Faith they are not achieved Chlorophyll levels similar to the reference treatment (chelate) The application of 1 g of vivianite together with vinasses (80 ml preferably) promotes chlorophyll levels in the culture measured with SPAD that are not significantly different from those They are achieved with the reference treatment.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| ES200401472A ES2245253B1 (en) | 2004-06-11 | 2004-06-11 | CORRECTION METHOD OF FERRIC CHLOROSIS IN PLANTS. |
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| ES2281281B1 ES2281281B1 (en) | 2009-02-16 |
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| ES200401472A Expired - Fee Related ES2245253B1 (en) | 2004-06-11 | 2004-06-11 | CORRECTION METHOD OF FERRIC CHLOROSIS IN PLANTS. |
| ES200600263A Expired - Fee Related ES2281281B1 (en) | 2004-06-11 | 2006-01-31 | ADDITION TO MAIN PATENT P200401472 FOR USE OF VINEZAS IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF FERICA CHLOROSIS IN PLANTS. |
| ES200702426A Expired - Fee Related ES2315195B2 (en) | 2004-06-11 | 2007-09-06 | USE OF COMPOST AND VIVIANITA MIXTURE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF FERRIC CHLOROSIS IN PLANTS. |
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| ES2343160B1 (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2011-07-21 | Universidad De Cordoba (50%) | METHOD TO PREVENT AND CORRECT FERRIC CHLOROSIS IN PLANTS. |
| NL2015710B1 (en) | 2015-11-02 | 2017-05-31 | Vitens N V | Method for the useful reuse of an iron sludge-containing stream. |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3983255A (en) * | 1973-10-02 | 1976-09-28 | Unisearch Limited | Preparation of fertilizer and animal feed from molasses fermentation residue |
| GB2141420A (en) * | 1983-06-15 | 1984-12-19 | Eni Ente Naz Idrocarb | Fertilizer composition |
| ES8708124A1 (en) * | 1986-02-11 | 1987-10-01 | Consejo Superior Investigacion | Ferric deficiency corrector for soils |
| US5411569A (en) * | 1991-08-28 | 1995-05-02 | Kemiron, Inc. | Iron humate product |
| US6372008B1 (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 2002-04-16 | Marvin L. Boote | Soil additive and associated processes |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1265660A (en) * | 1968-08-17 | 1972-03-01 | ||
| ES2035766B1 (en) * | 1991-04-03 | 1994-03-01 | Torrent Castellet Jose | METHOD FOR CORRECTING FERRIC CHLOROSIS IN PLANTS. |
| US5698001A (en) * | 1995-10-24 | 1997-12-16 | Rsa Microtech, Incorporated | Soil additive |
| US20040089042A1 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-05-13 | Magic 100 Power Soil, Inc. | Organic potting soil and soil conditioner |
-
2004
- 2004-06-11 ES ES200401472A patent/ES2245253B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-06-09 WO PCT/ES2005/000328 patent/WO2005123630A1/en active Application Filing
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2006
- 2006-01-31 ES ES200600263A patent/ES2281281B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3983255A (en) * | 1973-10-02 | 1976-09-28 | Unisearch Limited | Preparation of fertilizer and animal feed from molasses fermentation residue |
| GB2141420A (en) * | 1983-06-15 | 1984-12-19 | Eni Ente Naz Idrocarb | Fertilizer composition |
| ES8708124A1 (en) * | 1986-02-11 | 1987-10-01 | Consejo Superior Investigacion | Ferric deficiency corrector for soils |
| US5411569A (en) * | 1991-08-28 | 1995-05-02 | Kemiron, Inc. | Iron humate product |
| US6372008B1 (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 2002-04-16 | Marvin L. Boote | Soil additive and associated processes |
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| WO2005123630A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
| ES2281281B1 (en) | 2009-02-16 |
| ES2245253A1 (en) | 2005-12-16 |
| ES2315195B2 (en) | 2009-11-23 |
| ES2315195A1 (en) | 2009-03-16 |
| ES2245253B1 (en) | 2006-09-16 |
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