ES2279700B1 - COMPOUNDS TO REACTIVATE THE CIRCULATION OF SAVIA IN TREES AND SHRUBS IN GENERAL AND IN OLIVES IN SPECIAL AND APPLICATION PROCEDURE. - Google Patents

Abstract

Compounds to reactivate the circulation of sap in trees and shrubs in general and in olive trees in particular and application procedure. The invention relates to the use of chemical compounds, of Ca, Mg, Ba, Fe, S in the form of any of its salts and oxides preferably, Ca O, together with a solution of basic nutrients NPK (15-10-5 ), preferably humic extracts, biostimulants, phytohormones and surfactants that applied in the trunk of trees, shrubs and olive groves in a special way, slow down aplopegy and slow decay, symptoms of olive verticillosis, and other biotic or abiotic agents with similar symptoms in other trees and shrubs, obtaining in them a remarkable fluidization and reactivation of the circulation of the sap.

Description

Compounds to reactivate the circulation of the sap in trees and shrubs in general and in olive trees in particular and application procedure.

Object of the invention

The object of the present invention relates to use of compounds that are effective in curbing the stroke and slow decay, typical symptoms of verticillosis in the olive tree, although other agents may exist biotics or abiotics with similar symptoms, both in the Olive grove as in other trees and shrubs. Applied at the base of tree act on it fluidizing and reactivating the circulation of the sap, so that the effects of the stroke and slow decay as a result of accidents circulatory disorders caused by verticillosis or other agents in the tree, are mitigated and eliminated quickly producing a general revitalization of the tree, which presents a vigorous sprouting., persistent over time. The present invention provides a new chemical control technique directed towards the system of Integrated fight for the control of the Verticilosis of the olive tree. He Use of the present invention is also recommended for a rapid recovery from the effects of frost and other agents stressful in all kinds of trees and shrubs.

State of the art

Of all biotic agents as well as abiotics that can produce the symptoms called "Stroke" and "Slow Decay", is undoubtedly the Verticillosis the cause in most cases described.

Verticilosis is produced by the Hypomycete " Verticillium dahliae " fungus. This fungus reproduces asexually by means of conidia and produces microsclerotic adapted to withstand adverse environmental conditions, which allow it to remain in the field for years, even in incultive and in the absence of susceptible plants.

The host plants of V. Dahliae are very numerous, including broadleaf weeds, which facilitates their propagation in the soil.

Particularly important in the case of the olive grove, the proximity to it, of susceptible crops such as cotton, safflower, sunflower, beet, and various horticultural (tomato, pepper, eggplant, and potato) .The plants of these species infected with the disease, they provide inoculum to the soil in the form of microsclerotia. This explains the proliferation of the disease in soils where some of the host plants described above have been cultivated before. Although the pathogenic variability of V. dahliae populations is wide, most have a moderate virulence and are currently prevalent in olive groves. Patotypes called "Scrubs" because of the characteristic syndrome that they produce in the cotton and because of their ability to kill the plant and destroy the crop, are also more virulent in the olive tree causing their defoliation and representing a serious threat to the plantations of new olive groves, There is also the risk of colonization of traditional olive groves, as has already happened in the case of the "non-defoliant" pathotype, of which severe infections have been observed in some adult olive groves.

At present in Spain the verticilosis Farmers and technicians are very concerned because they have not glimpsed so far solutions to solve in a way Effective this problem.

The Epidemiology of this disease can be Schematize as follows:

The existing microsclerocics in the soil germinate and produce hyphae that penetrate the roots of plants until reaching the vascular system. In other different ways you can get the pathogen to the xylem of the tree, once in it the mycelium produces conidia that colonize the plant by translocation with the sap stream to upper areas.

The virulence of the isolate and the resistance of cultivate determine the level of vascular colonization of the plant, especially in the root system, which is related to the severity of symptoms that occur in the aerial part.

Although the symptoms of the disease are not always the same, two symptomatic pictures are distinguished different: "Stroke" and "Slow Decay".

- "Stroke" or sudden death, due to that a branch or the whole tree dries completely and in a brief time frame. It corresponds to the most virulent pathogen of the disease (defoliant). It occurs mainly in Autumn and Winter.

It is manifested by the loss of green color intense of the leaves that begins at the upper ends of the branches, continuing with the death of the branches and the detachment of the leaves. Heavy rains in autumn and temperatures Moderate winter favors the onset of the disease. The Effects are usually fatal and irreversible.

- The "slow decay" is characterized by the dry branches and thin twigs, the symptoms usually appear at the beginning of spring. The branches usually take a coloration peculiar abode. Affected trees frequently show a dark brown coloration inside stems and trunks, that when cut they exude a kind of viscous color fluid Dark and winey smell. Young trees may die, but in In general, plant roots only die occasionally, due to which is frequent that the tree regrowth, but the disease reappears after one or two years, ending up dying or with the Patience of the farmer.

In this case olive trees treated with the products of the present invention have remained healthy after four years of a single application, without having reproduced the disease, and they are producing normally.

Until today there is no effective and reliable way to control this disease due to:

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The prolonged survival of sclerotia on the ground

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The difficulty of accessing the fungus since once the disease, is installed in the xylem inside the plant, which decreases the effectiveness of chemical treatments rehearsed so far.

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The wide range of susceptible crops.

The absence of an effective method against disease requires the integration of all measures of fight available, even if individually effective limited

The strategies applied so far consist of in:

to).-

Excluding methods

b) .-

Eradication Methods

C).-

Escape methods

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a) .- Excluding method

It refers to not planting in infected land nor close to host cultures of the pathogen. Use varieties of plants that are resistant to the pathogen.

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b) .- Eradication methods

It's about destroying the inoculum or reducing its density in the soil limiting its growth, by controlling of weeds, destruction of infected remains, solarization or chemical control

It has been demonstrated experimentally that solarization favors the appearance of populations of some fungi antagonists of V. dalias ( Talaromyces flavus, Aspergillus terreus ), which inhibit the germination of microsclerotia and can even kill V. dahliae . Something similar is achieved by burying certain grasses in green, such as the grass of Sudan, or also the application of organic matter that increases the antagonistic flora.

The chemical soil treatments known in the fight against V. dahliae are based on the use of soil disinfectants such as mixtures of methyl bromide and Chloropicrin, or Metam-potassium, Metam-sodium among many other disinfectants that act as fungicides , insecticides, nematicides and herbicides. Some have limitations of use for the cost, and all present a certain difficulty of application, and high toxicity, seriously damaging the environment. There are some soil-applied fungicides effective against V. dahliae based on compounds such as, Propamocarb, Quinosol or TCMTB recommended in vegetable, floral and ornamental crops, but as those already described disinfectants, have the same drawbacks. They have been tested in olive grove systemic fungicides via foliar and soil without practical results.

The compounds of the present invention are fall into this category and present against the alternatives already described, the following advantages:

one.-

They are environmentally friendly products

2.-

Do not Toxic They do not require phytosanitary registration

3.-

Simple and economical application and long storage stability

4.-

Persistent effect at least on 4-year periods, proven, without repeated treatment in Young and adult olive groves.

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c) .- Escape methods

Reduce the effectiveness of the pathogen even if it is present in the ground. Actually these are prophylactic measures whose effectiveness is also not proven in the case of the olive tree. Be recommends reducing the irrigation dose and applying it during the summer, which is an unfavorable period for pathogen activity. Is convenient a balanced subscriber, without abusing fertilizers nitrogen

The hope in the control of V. dahliae in the olive grove goes through the combined use of all the described techniques which will constitute a necessary integrated fighting system given the importance of the problem.

Description of the invention

It has been experimentally found that many of the trees with the symptoms of the fungus of verticilosis, in a subsequent analysis the presence of the referral was not detected fungus, which shows that other causative agents may exist of similar effects, that is, not everything that looks like verticilosis it is.

If the olive grove is not affected by the fungus verticillium dahliae , due to the investigations carried out, there must be other factors that, in certain conditions and times, cause circulatory accidents in the olive tree similar to those caused by verticillosis. Since the desirable diagnosis is not always easy or fast, our research effort has been aimed at offering a simple and economical solution to the farmer that stops the drying and defoliation effects of trees generally attributed to V. dahliae and that solution also, allows a fast and lasting recovery of the plant so that the olive grove fully expresses its genetic characteristics and potential in the best conditions for its development, which is often not achieved, due to soil variability, frequent changes and common temperature, radiation, wind and humidity, present in the field during crop development.

These circulatory accidents could be called "embolisms" since they are very similar to produced by a thrombus in the blood circulation of beings humans. To prevent this, prevention is necessary, ensuring good circulation of the sap dissolving the thrombi and promoting that it runs with total and absolute fluency in the part of the Xylem not yet affected.

The research work carried out has led to obtaining the present invention, which is inspired by the solutions that are applied in medicine, to alleviate the effects of thrombosis in humans. The invention that has been recommended has obtained remarkable successes over a period of more than four years, achieving fluidization and reactivation of the sap circulation in affected olive trees, slowing down and paralyzing the desiccation and desfoliation effects typical of V. dahliae .

There are field tests of olive trees treated with components of the present invention from 4 years, 3, 2 and 1 year ago. Each of these groups has a record that allows total traceability of the results obtained

The treatment that is offered and applied around the trunk of the tree, and in a radius between 50 and 100 cm, It consists of two components, a solid one with appearance whitish granules slightly soluble in water that is applied first and that disinfects the ground and the base of the trunk, later and preferably after a good time or day next, the second component that is liquid and penetrates in the soil and in the xylem of the tree through the roots, disinfects and heals internal wounds revitalizes and activates Tree defense mechanisms.

Preferred form of the invention

The solid component that is applied first around the trunk of the tree, its mission is to get a disinfection of the soil and pedicle area and the base of the trunk from the tree, eliminating a broad spectrum of pernicious fungi and It should be applied well mixed, as it contains a variety of products, each of which presents a precise function, being the combination of all of them what determines their effectiveness.

It is a solid compound of whitish granular appearance slightly soluble in water, which contains compounds of Ca, Mg, Ba, Fe and S, in the form of any combination of all its salts and oxides preferably CaO and can be used alone or prior to the use of fungicides and systemic bactericides (based on Quinosol and TCMTB etc) or other products that release methylisothiocyanate such as Metam-potassium, root absorption, broad spectrum, effective in the fight against soil fungi, vascular or not, such as Fusarium spp , Phytophthora spp, thanatephorus sp (rizoctonionis), armillaria spp (white rot), phytium verticillium spp, alternaria sp , etc. This component is framed or can be classified as limestone amendment according to the Fertilizer Legislation RD 824/2005 of (08.07.2005). Annex I, Group 5.

The second component to apply around tree trunk is a complex solution for application to soil, which may contain in addition to the basic nutrients NPK, in variable proportions, preferably (15.10.5), extracts humic, biostimulants, phytohormones rooting agents and agents surfactants, all of which in combination with the effects due the component first translates into a disinfection and tree sap fluidization, and as a consequence of the effect  curative and nutritive treatment achieving revitalization and plant strengthening. This product is classified according to RD 824/2005 (08.07.2005). Group 4 Annex I Other fertilizers and products special.

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Available nitrogen, (15%) 5% nitric, 5% ammoniacal and 5% urea, allows a gradual and continuous assimilation in time by the tree, and promotes the opening of stomata to promote tissue penetration.

Phosphorus (10%) comes from phosphate anion, which is disrupted both upward and downward and accumulates mainly in areas damaged by agents infectious, activating the defense mechanisms of the plant making it more resistant to future infections. Others components present help and enhance the effects already described.

For the application of the treatment is not they require special means and the quantities that are supplied with the components are calculated for an adult olive tree, in size medium (trunk diameter 20-30 cm) being able to apply half for smaller olive trees or increase the number of dose proportionally for larger olive trees.

The application process is as follows:

Around the trunk a pool is made (in crater shape) of about 100 cm. radius diameter approximately equal to 5 times the diameter of the tree and 10 cm. to 15 of depth.

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Cover with water the white granulate with an amount of about 50/100 liters, which in a few minutes will boil and will gradually go ceasing effervescence and customer vapors, which will give us an idea that it has been incorporated into the land.

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After two hours or a day next, the second liquid component is poured into the pool, which It will also be 5 liters.

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Be subsequently add water about 100/200 liters of a Slow way to facilitate product access to the area root of the tree, to fill the pool without overflowing.

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How complement to the treatment and in order to enhance its effect will be covered with a transparent polyethylene canvas (4 x 4 m) or (6 x 6 m) the root zone around the trunk and will be maintained for All summer or at least 30 days.

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In In case of drought, proceed to irrigate between 200 and 400 liters of water, after 10 to 15 days.

Claims (3)

1. Compounds to reactivate the circulation of the sap in trees, shrubs and especially in olive trees affected by verticilosis and application procedure, characterized in that the first compound that is applied on the ground and around the trunk of the tree is solid in appearance off-white granulate and contains compounds of Ca, Mg, Ba, Fe, and S in the form of any of its salts and oxides, preferably CaO and which can be used alone or prior to the use of fungicides derived from Quinosol or other products that release methylisothiocyanate, such as Metam-potassium etc. Etc. 2. Compounds to reactivate the circulation of the sap in trees, shrubs and especially in olive trees affected by verticillosis and application procedure, which according to claim one is characterized in that the second component that is applied is liquid and corresponds to a complex solution containing NPK basic nutrients preferably (15-10-5), humic extracts, biostimulants, phytohormones and surfactants. 3. Compounds to reactivate the circulation of the sap in trees, shrubs and especially in olive trees affected by verticilosis and application procedure, which according to previous claims, is characterized in that the process of application of the compounds of the preceding claims is as follows:

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around the trunk a well is made (crater-shaped) of diameter approximately equal to 5 times the diameter of the tree, the edge of the pool being 10 to 15 cm from height and the solid component that can be about 5 liters is poured off-white granules

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removing it to make its uniform location, with the peculiarity of leaving free about 10 cm. of the tree trunk.

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Be cover the white granulate with a quantity of 50/100 liters with water that in a few minutes will create an effervescence and vapors hot that will be cooling and disappearing what will give us idea that it has been incorporated into the ground by cooling and disappearing which will give us an idea that it has remained incorporated into the land

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After two hours or a day next, the second liquid component is poured into the pool, which It will also be 5 liters., as a standard dose.

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Be subsequently add water about 100/200 liters, slowly to facilitate the access of the product to the root zone of the tree, to fill the pool without overflowing.

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Finally it is recommended to proceed to the solarization of the base of the tree covering it with a canvas of transparent polyethylene, keeping it until last summer. OR At least for 30 days.

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10-15 days after it is advisable to irrigate between 200 and 400 liters of water both in rainfed plantations and drip irrigation.