ES2274332T3 - PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING A PREFORMED PART. - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for pressing and spinning of large metal forms, e.g. aluminium bowls, has the workpiece clamped in a press (14) to form the base profile and rotated past fixed heaters and fixed rollers to shape the side of the bowl. The heaters are mounted on adjustable supports to set the optimum heating, and are fired with gas or oil. The spinning tools are fixed on the inside and outside of the pressed shape.

Description

Procedure and device for manufacturing a preformed piece.

The invention relates to a method and to a device for sausage lathe of a blank of aluminum to obtain a preformed piece domed.

In the sausage to the lathe a piece is rotated raw that is presented as round or preformed sheet and is shaped by an approximate and advanced sausage tool for obtain the desired rotationally symmetric preformed piece. In "Blech-Rohre- Profile" 28 (1981) 11, pages 514-517 provides an overview of known sausage procedures. In the procedures of known sausage, the blank is fastened centrally in a plate for stuffing, whose outer contour corresponds to the Inner contour of the desired preformed part. The useful of sausage in the form of a rolling pin follows, however, the outer contour of the desired preformed part, so that the blank can be formed between the inlay roller and the sausage plate In modern inlay devices, the inlay roller movements are controlled by copy templates or by NC control.

Preformed parts especially usual in the practice are pressure vessel container bottoms with cylindrical wall According to the degree of bulge of the shell of funds of recipients distinguishes between toriespheric funds, funds elliptical pumped, hemispherical bottoms, as well as type bottoms plate and flat bottoms. As the bulge of the shell or as the bulge radius increases, the manufacturing, so that, in particular, the toriespheric bottoms Klöpper type and elliptical pumped bottoms are manufactured from of a blank of a piece (see DIN 28011 and 28013).

They are generally known as procedures in which a blank is formed, in particular a sheet, in a first stage of change of form to that has a defined global radius, then a conformation with a specially pronounced radius in the area outside of the sheet. The tensions that are generated during this shaping process to shape are removed by after annealing at approximately 300 to 350 ° C.

From document DE3534796A1 a known procedure, as well as a device for shaping plates and boards. In principle, we proceed here to a subjection of the parts to be deformed, so that it results in a elastic conformation. Next, the energy of electrically induced heat forming in a layer close to the surface of the part that is under elastic tension, so that a material creep occurs in this low layer the influence of elastic tension overcoming resistance to conformation by increasing the temperature. Thus deformations of a considerable degree can be achieved regardless of address, without fingerprints clamping, as is the case, for example, in sausage with stretched, since the means provided for clamping are supports, which attack on the piece with virtually no surfaces of subjection. This document represents only the general state of the technique, the application of a quantity of heat should only serve to reduce the deformation energy to be applied.

In addition, it is known from document DE10047491A1 a procedure for forming alloy structures of aluminum, which heats a piece that has to be shaped by elastic formation in a predetermined contour under the external force action and heating of the piece elastically formed at a temperature higher than the temperature needed to a conformation by creep and relaxation of tensions of the alloy, so that the piece conforms keeping the contour. This procedure is an example of procedures in which first, forces act in a first stage of change of shape, to get a predetermined contour of a piece, performing a heat treatment in a second stage, by which then eliminates the tensions that have been formed.

This realization of the procedure of Two-stage conformation is very expensive and requires the heating of the whole piece for the elimination of tensions existing.

Another state of the art is known procedure, in which according to document DE4016097A1 conforms a blank by means of lathe to obtain a piece preformed domed, holding the blank in the contour and swelling into a free space. In this procedure is already used in the first stage of change of form a high working temperature during lathe sausage by heating the blank in two stages, essentially heating the entire blank to a first temperature, which is below the working temperature and keeping it, heating only partial areas of the piece raw before sausage at working temperature. Here there is the disadvantage that the procedure must be heated necessarily the entire blank first of all to a working temperature below working temperature needed later during lathe sausage in partial areas of the blank. In addition, the procedure requires a device in which a heating device is provided two-stage for sausage lathe depending on the desired temperatures, to be able to make the change of shape in two stages at different working temperatures.

The document US-A-2300527 unveils a device according to the preamble of claim 7, which is suitable for the manufacture of an aluminum container bottom, as well as a procedure for sausage around the lathe of a piece in gross to obtain a preformed piece domed. The blank it is held in the contour and a shell is bulged inwards of a free space until a bulge radius is reached predetermined, holding the shell below in rotation, forming with a simultaneous heat supply in an area of transition defined by a predetermined shell diameter a flange with a predetermined radius.

The conformation of a radio with supply of Simultaneous local heat is known in the manufacturing sector of preformed pieces of this type using different means for the formation of radios.

Therefore, the invention aims at propose a procedure and a device that allows economic a conformation with exact measurements of pieces preformed, in particular container funds, being able to be avoided, in particular, in the areas where they occur important tensions by the conformation process, the tensions already during the process of conformation or producing the same only to a very small degree.

This goal is achieved through a method and a device according to claim 1 and the claim 7.

Thanks to a shell with a radius of predetermined bulge is held in rotation, complying with a simultaneous heat supply in a defined transition zone by a predetermined diameter of the shell a flange with a predetermined radius, the formation of tension in the transition zone between the shell and the flange, of so that a subsequent annealing can generally be waived. Is advantageous that for this reason the shell should only be heated in the transition zone for stress reduction, so that You can give up a warm-up of the entire piece.

In addition, thanks to a planned rotation device, in which the rotating shell can be heated by at least one heat supply device stationary and a stationary shaping tool at least in the transition zone of the predetermined diameter and can be shaped a flange to reach a predetermined radius, is made a device that advantageously allows shaping the shell exactly in the default transition zone using the heat supply device and shape the flange without tensions until reaching a predetermined radius by means of a tool of stationary conformation arranged here.

By the method according to the invention and the corresponding device preformed parts are obtained, in particular recipient funds, such as toriespheric funds, funds pumped elliptical or hemispherical bottoms, which distinguish because they include a shell and a flange, presenting the shell a radius of bulge and the flange a reduced radius in comparison with the bulging radius and a transition zone made in a predetermined diameter between the shell and the flange, being made thanks to a heat treatment made during flange manufacturing in the area of transition with few tensions or, in an ideal case, even without tensions

The transition zone is made and heated between the predetermined bulge radius of the shell and the zone of the radius to be shaped from the flange.

In the transition zone it is positioned for it the at least one heat supply device in front of the tool of conformation seen in the direction of rotation. Preferably several heat supply devices are arranged in the transition zone between the shell and the flange, which in a first variant embodiment are arranged opposite each other or in a second variant of the embodiment symmetrically in the shell.

An arrangement of the device of heat supply from an outer side of the shell, being able to get an arrangement from the inner side or from the side exterior and interior and, therefore, a unilateral effect or Bilateral in the transition zone.

According to the invention, the transition zone is heats evenly by means of the delivery device expected heat, being able to choose a forming temperature desired for the preformed piece. The heating of the piece preformed at the predetermined temperature leads to a plastic shaping of the shell in the transition zone forming the flange, taking place at the same time a relaxation of tensions.

In addition, it is preferable that the temperature predetermined in the transition zone between the shell and the flange is adjusted by control of the supply device heat and / or adjustment of the distance of the supply device of heat to the surface of the shell or flange. Finally I know adjust by control and / or adjust the distance of the device of heat supply an active surface of the device heat supply depending on the desired surface to be be heated from the transition zone.

The device according to the invention for the realization of the process comprises a sausage tool for the embedded in the lathe of a blank, a clamping means for the holding of the blank and a rotation device, in which can be formed the rotational shell by at least one stationary heat supply device and a useful stationary conformation.

In a preferable configuration, the device Rotating presents a rotation table with a support element and a bra. The bra preferably attacks in the center of an inner side of the preformed part, in particular, of the shell. The sausage tool and the stationary forming tool they can be made in a common device or in devices separated.

The sausage tool attacks on the inner side of the shell, being the stationary conformation tool in a preferable configuration of the invention a beading bulb, which also attacks on the inner side of the shell, and a roller of beading, which attacks on an outer side of the shell.

The shell can be heated along the predetermined diameter and the transition zone made by the heat supply device such that the flange can be done over a predetermined radius by plastic conformation of the material.

The heat supply device presents an upright element, a base element, a first and a second fixing element and a fluid outlet, as well as a burner. He first and second fixing element are used to adjust an angle and a distance between the burner and the shell or for the  adjustment of a burner height relative to the shell.

In a preferable configuration, the burner can be arranged by the first and the second device such that the burner flame arrives at a right angle to the transition zone, the burner being able to be readjusted at any time before and during the procedure, i.e. , and can also be adjusted in other angles with respect to the surface to be shaped in the area of
transition.

Through the procedure, in which the conformation of the preformed piece in the transition zone and its heating are done at the same time, at the right temperature for the material to be shaped, which is only located at approximately 120 ° C and which is in any case below an annealing temperature is advantageously avoided from a principle the formation of tensions in the transition zone between the shell and the flange to be strongly shaped.

Thanks to the heat supply at this level relatively low, for example, with two opposite heat sources or with several heat sources arranged symmetrically, in case of the rotation of the container bottom, the beading zone, is that is, the area between the shell and the flange, heats up so very uniform, so that optimal properties of material for a conformation and an absence of tensions after of the conformation process.

Thanks to the disposition of a burner relatively wide or at a surface heating relatively large all the material gets hot evenly in the zone of mechanical deformation. Thus the forming forces that can advantageously be reduced They have to be applied.

In addition, there is the possibility of getting a accuracy of measures fundamentally greater than in procedures known so far, so that they are not necessary touch-ups, which is advantageous. During annealing known from a container bottom already deformed, for example, from a elliptical pumped bottom, the bottom must be retouched relative to the radius Defined total and edge radius. Thanks to the procedure according the invention is possible to suppress these steps of the process without replace them

Other preferable settings of the invention result from the characteristics indicated in the subordinate claims.

Next, the invention will be explained more in detail with the help of an example of embodiment becoming Reference to the corresponding drawings. They show:

Figure 1, a device for sausage to lathe as a sausage tool of a preformed piece with the means of corresponding restraint;

Figure 2, the preformed piece and a heat supply device;

Figure 3, the preformed piece and a shaping device as a shaping tool;

Figure 4, the tool of conformation with the heat supply devices provided during conformation;

Figure 5, the tool for conforming to the heat supply device after shaping and

Figure 6, a schematic representation of the preformed part, in particular, an elliptical pumped bottom.

First, Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of a container bottom 30, in particular, of an elliptical pumped bottom. The bottom of the container 30 has a shell 22 and a flange 20. Shell 22 has a doming radius r_ {wi} and flange 20 a radius r_ {ki}. The shell 22 itself is defined by the diameter d_ {k} and the flange 20 and the shell 22 for a nominal diameter d_ {a}. The Figure 6 shows a transition zone 32 between the flange 20 and the shell 22.

The manufacture of a container bottom 30 according to figure 6, in particular, with transition zones 32 between shell 22 and flange 20, which must be carried out in the manufacture of Klöpper type toric bottoms or funds elliptical pumped, will be explained in more detail with the help of a exemplary embodiment depicted in figures 1 to 5.

Figure 1 shows a device 10 according to the invention, which holds the bottom of container 30, in particular the shell 22, in a clamping means 12, so that a tool of sausage 14 for a deformation of the blank to obtain the shell 22. The clamping means 12 may be made of different ways, it being essential that the clamping means 12 Hold the shell 22 in rotation in a secured position. How I know shown in figure 1, the sausage tool 14 allows in addition to the fixing the shell 22 a rotation inside the tools of the clamping means 12. Thanks to the shaping by the tool of sausage 14, the blank, in particular, shell 22, get the radius of bulge r_ {wi}.

Figure 2 basically shows a heat supply device 18 for carrying out the flange 20 in shell 22 formed as described in Figure 1. The heat supply device 18 has an element of upright 18A, a base element 18B, a fluid outlet 18E, as well as an 18F burner, whose length is adjustable by a first fixing element 18C and whose height and angle is adjustable by a second fastener 18D. The device of heat supply 18, in particular burner 18F, acts on the transition zone 32 between the flange 20 and the shell 22; at exemplary embodiment, from an outer side 38 of the bottom of container 30.

Figure 3 shows the device 10, in particular a shaping tool 16, which is made in shape of a beading bulb 42 and acting from an inner side 36 on the bottom of the container 30. The forming tool 16 forms on the opposite side of the beading bulb 42 at least one roller of beading 24, which guides the bottom of the container 30 in the area of the flange 20 that has to be made by holding it there. Figure 3 shows in addition to the beading roller 24 two pressure rollers 24a, which stabilize the piece. During the conformation of the flange 20 in the shell 22, the bottom of the container 30 rotates in the direction of rotation 46. To perform the rotation, the device 10 presents a rotation table 40.

The rotation table 40 is represented in the Figure 4 and presents essentially a support element 28 and a fastener 26. The bottom of container 30 moves in the tool of shaping 16 rotationally on the rotation table 40 and is forms in the area of the beading bulb 42 and the rollers 24 (not shown in figure 4).

According to the invention, the flange 20 is shaped with simultaneous heat supply in transition zone 32 starting from the predetermined diameter d_ {k} of shell 22 with a default radius r_ {ki}.

Figure 4 shows this process of the conformation of the flange 20, the devices being arranged heat supply 18 symmetrically with respect to the bulb of beading 42 and beading rollers 24. The devices of heat supply 18 are arranged such that it is achieved a heat supply through the 18F burner just in the transition zone 32 between flange 20 and shell 22. In the exemplary embodiment, the heat supply device 18 acts from the outer side 38 on the shell 22 or the flange 20 in transition zone 32, and a heat supply from the inner side 36 or both sides, inner side 36 and outer side 38. Thanks to the heat supply is achieved during the conformation of the flange 20 in the area of transition 32 at the same time a relaxation of tensions.

As shown in fig. 4, for the realization of the procedure, embedded in the lathe of the blank, by means of the inlay tool 14 and, forming the shell 22, with the conformation of the flange 20 by means of the forming tool 16, a control unit is available 48 with a control system for the control of the entire device 10, formed by the inlay tool 14 and the forming tool 16. The control unit and the control system 48 can also be used for the control of the supply device of heat 18 (not shown). Another possibility is to adjust the temperature only by
weather.

Figure 5 shows the bottom of container 30 manufactured, in particular an elliptical pumped bottom, after return of fastener 26 of forming tool 16.

If you compare Figure 5 and Figure 4, you see that the support element 28 is made adjustable in height.

As shown in Figure 5, the tools of conformation 18 can also move smoothly by rollers 44, for removal of container bottom 30.

The procedure and the device are especially suitable for the manufacture of toriespheric bottoms and of elliptical pumped aluminum bottoms. In case of radios r_ {ki} of decreasing flange, the manufacture of funds from larger vessels leads in most cases to the shell 22 and flange 20 are manufactured separately and are join again later, in particular by joining welding. This procedure is performed, in particular, because in one-piece manufacturing tensions can be avoided in the Most cases only insufficiently.

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The new procedure and the corresponding new device now allow to manufacture container bottoms 30 in a piece with heat supply in the transition zone 32 and achieve a relaxation of stresses, in particular, also when a decreasing radius r_ {ki} must be shaped to obtain a specially shaped flange 22

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List of reference signs

10

Device

12

Means, medium clamping

14

Useful inlay

16

Useful Forming (beading roller / beading bulb)

18

Delivery device hot

18

Stile element

18B

Base element

18C

First fixing element (angle, length)

18D

Second fixing element (height)

18E

Taking of fluids

18F

Burner

twenty

Flange

22

Shell

24

Beading roller

24th

Pressure roller

26

Bra

28

Support element

30

Background of container

32

Zone of Transition

3. 4

Center

36

Side inside

38

Side Exterior

40

Table of rotation

42

Bulb of beading

44

Roller

46

Rotation direction

48

Control system / unit I send

r_ {wi}

Radius of bulging shell

r_ {ki}

Flange radius

d_ {k}

Shell diameter

d_ {s}

Nominal diameter

Claims (13)

1. Procedure for sausage around a blank piece of aluminum to obtain a preformed piece domed, specifically a container bottom, in which the piece rough is held in the contour and a shell (22) is bulged towards the interior of a free space until a radius of domed (r_ {wi}) predetermined, holding the shell (22) to continuation while maintaining rotation, forming with a Simultaneous heat supply in a transition zone (32) defined by a predetermined diameter (d_ {k}) of the shell (22) a flange (20) with a predetermined radius (r_ {ki}),

to)

performing and heating the area of transition (32) between the bending radius (r_ {wi}) preset of the shell (22) and the radius zone (r_ {ki}) to be shaped from the flange (22),

b)

positioning at least one device of heat supply (18) in the transition zone (32) in front of a forming tool (16) seen in the direction of rotation (46),

C)

at least one device acting heat supply (18) from an outer side (38) and / or one side inside (36) of the shell (22) over the transition zone (32),

d)

heating the at least one device heat supply (18) evenly the transition zone (32),

and)

performing at a temperature predetermined with stress relaxation a conformation plastic shell (22) forming the flange (22) in the area of transition (32) and

F)

temperature rising default to approx. 120 ° C.

Method according to claim 1, characterized in that several heat supply devices (18) are positioned in the transition zone (32) between the shell (22) and the flange (22). Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the heat supply devices (18) are positioned on opposite sides of the rotating shell (22). Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the heat supply devices (18) are positioned symmetrically in the rotating shell (22). Method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the predetermined temperature in the transition zone (32) between the shell (22) and the flange (22) is adjusted by controlling the at least one heat supply device ( 18) and / or by adjusting the distance of the heat supply device (18) to the surface of the shell (22) or the flange (20). Method according to claim 5, characterized in that an active surface of the heat supply device (18) is adjusted according to the surface to be heated in the transition zone (32). 7. Device for sausage lathe of a blank piece of aluminum to obtain a preformed piece domed, specifically a container bottom, which has at least one fastening means (12) for fastening in the contour of the blank and an inlay tool (14) whose movements are controlled with a bulging radius (r_ {wi}) for the manufacture of a shell by bulging into a free space, with a rotation device (40), in the that the shell (22) can be heated in rotation by at least one stationary heat supply device (18) and a stationary forming tool (16) at least in the transition zone (32) of a diameter (d_ {k}} ) predetermined and a flange (20) can be formed to reach a predetermined radius (r_ {ki}), characterized in that the heat supply device (18) has an upright element (18A), a base element (18B), a first and second fixing element (1 8C, 18D) and a fluid outlet (18E), as well as a burner (18F). Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the rotation device (46) has a rotation table (40) with a support element (28) and a fastener (26), attacking the support element (28) and the fastener (26) preferably in the center (34) of the shell (22). Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the stationary forming tool (16) has a beading bulb (42), which attacks on an inner side (36) of the shell (22) and a beading roller (44) which attacks on an outer side of the shell (22). Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the first fixing element (18C) has a first device for adjusting an angle and a distance between the burner (18F) and the shell (22). Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the second fixing element (18D) has a second device for adjusting a burner height (18F). 12. Device according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that, with the aid of the first and / or second device, any arrangement, preferably a right-angle arrangement, between the burner (18F) and the transition zone can be adjusted (32) 13. Device according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the heat supply device (18), in particular the burner (18F), can be operated with a combustible medium, such as gas or oil.