ES2270389T3 - UNIVERSAL CASCADA EFFECT PROJECT, ESPECIALLY FOR MEDIUM CALIBER AMMUNITIONS. - Google Patents

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to combine the cascade effect of frangible pellets (25) with sub-projectiles (27, 28, 30) consisting of a ductile heavy metal and thus to create ammunition (10) that combines the advantages of, for example, frangible pellets (25) of a central penetrator (24) with the advantages of the ductile heavy metals (27, 28) of an external penetrator (26). This permits an improved performance to be achieved for different targets even at low impact velocities. The external penetrator is arc-shaped or banana-shaped.

Description

Universal cascade effect projectile, especially for medium caliber ammunition.

The invention concerns a universal projectile cascade effect, to a process for manufacturing said projectile and its use.

It is common for some types of ammunition acquaintances no longer have any penetration action against modern targets, so a type of ammunition is required that be able to develop a great goal destruction capacity This is achieved through a large shrapnel action in radial direction and also in the direction of the depth of the target. In addition, the destruction capacity due to the explosion produced.

It is known from EP 0 853 228 B1 a projectile of this genre and a procedure for its manufacture. With this procedure they can be manufactured simply and with projectile time savings with single piece projectile bodies or multipieza (penetrator or penetrator parts) of different shape and size. The shell of the projectile is constituted by a tip of projectile that is solidly bonded with an envelope of projectile and that presents an element centered inside the one that is guided and retained the body of the projectile. The side back of the shell of the projectile is closed with a body tip that partially hugs the projectile body. In these projectiles, known as full-caliber projectiles with effect of cascade, the shell of the projectile and also the stern of the projectile are often made of aluminum, also being used steel. The ballistic tip of the projectile is also made of aluminum, But it can also be plastic.

It is known from GB 2 251 480 A, which forms a base for claim 1, a subcalibrated projectile with drive diaphragm containing a metal core heavy. Fragments of metal shrapnel in chambers, both components being enclosed as a unit by an aluminum or plastic envelope.

Shrapnel fragments as active bodies they can be loaded in the cameras in the form of balls or rods

Projectiles called FAP projectiles (Frangible Armor Piercing) act on objectives other than consequence of their kinetic energies. These projectiles have a core of frangible material which, according to EP 0 853 228 B1, may be composed of different frangible tablets. How material for these partial projectile bodies metal is proposed heavy frangible and also heavy ductile metal. The core is wrap with plastic, for example by the procedure of cast iron

As is known, in the case of FAP projectiles the  power on the target also depends on the speed of impact. As a first step, the tip has to be broken of the projectile or its shell so that the frangible core. The breakage of a frangible core also needs Energy. At low impact speed (e.g. distance from large shot), the energy is often too small so that the nucleus is successfully fragmented. This has the consequence that the action across the target is more little. In addition, this core has the property that, for example For testing purposes, it breaks down into several shrapnel fragments  in a stepped target designed to simulate objectives different. These shrapnel fragments are still breaking in the next plate, etc., what is called the cascade effect. These shrapnel fragments can be so small that your energy is no longer enough for them to pierce the iron next. That is to say that after some plates (to major target depth) wide action is spoiled desired.

The Internet address http: //www.wehrtechnik.
net / -wehrtechnik / frap.html will allow you to discover the advantages of an FRAP (Fragmenting Payload) ammunition. This type of ammunition, known as ammunition for cannon on board, has, among other components, a high explosive fill and no longer carries percussion fuze. More detailed explanations on FRAP ammunition and pre-fragmented tungsten active mass can be found in the paper "Fragmenting Payload Ammunition Frap" presented by Allan Buckley & Pierre H. Freymond at the NDIA XXXVII Gun & Ammo Symposium from April 15 to 18, 2002 in Panama City (http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2002gun/buckley.pdf).

The invention poses the problem of increasing Wide action on a target. In addition, it is intended to achieve in a monobloc lens the highest penetration power possible.

This problem is solved with the characteristics of claim 1, claim 10 and the claim 13.

The invention is based on the idea of combining the cascade effect of frangible tablets with subprojectiles heavy ductile metal, that is, create an ammunition in which combine advantages of a central penetrator consisting of, by For example, frangible tablets with heavy metal advantages ductiles of an external penetrator. Ductile heavy metal has the property of not falling apart on the plates of the target, so it can form a good shrapnel cone.

It is known from DE 40 16 051 C2 a envelope penetrator for a cascade effect projectile which, as a ductile jacket, protects the penetrator sensitive to pressure and whose solid fixation against the shot on the core Penetrating makes possible a cheap mass production. In In contrast to this, the outer penetrator arranged in the form of arc according to claim 1, consisting of subprojectiles individual, you must provoke the buckling action here so that immediately break the shell of the projectile around outside penetrator and ductile subprojectiles are released. These subprojectiles are fixed on the outer penetrator after assembly with injected plastic, which has the advantage that the shell of the projectile surrounding the outer penetrator can be Very thin construction. This thin wrap has as consequence a simple opening in the objective.

In a monobloc target it acts mainly the central penetrator of frangible tablets. This makes possible A universal use of this projectile.

Therefore, a concept FAP projectile is created FRAP (Fragmenting Payload).

The invention will be explained in more detail. referring to an embodiment with drawing.

They show:

Figure 1, a complete ammunition, partially in section,

Figure 2, a sectional representation of the front of the projectile of figure 1,

Figure 3, in a variant, a representation in section of the front of figure 1, and

Figure 4, another variant of Figure 1.

Figure 1 shows an ammo 10 that substantially comprises a projectile 1, a guide band 2, stretch marks 3, a cartridge case 4 and a propellant charge 5.

In figure 2 this is represented in section for further consideration of projectile 1, including figure 2 a first embodiment.

Projectile 1, a universal projectile - (multipurpose) - cascade effect, is formed by a tip of projectile 20, a projectile shell 21 and a projectile stern 22. With 24 a central penetrator is identified that is composed preferably from frangible tablets 25, but that can also consist of one piece, and in many cases also called projectile core. An outside penetrator designated with 26 is made up of ductile heavy metals (figure 3) in the form of balls 27 and possibly also in the form of cylinders 28 (by way of or similar cylinders and / or shape of dice and / or kite-like), which are they call here subprojectiles 27, 28. An extreme penetrator 29, preferably the end of the frangible central penetrator 24, it also presents in another variant according to figure 4 some metals heavy ductile 30 shaped balls or cylinders that they also call subprojectiles.

The outer penetrator 26 preferably has in all variants a configuration or arrangement in the form of bow or banana to preferably produce the buckling action so that the shell 21 of the projectile is broken and the  subprojectiles 27, 28. By impacting ammunition 10 on a objective not represented in detail must, apart from the tip 20 of the projectile, the envelope 21 of the projectile with the assistance of the outside penetrator 26. subprojectiles 27, 28 that are then released help in turn to central penetrator 24 or pads 25 during penetration in the objective. In addition, an additional improvement (of the shrapnel distribution) by using the penetrator end 29. Subprojectiles 30 also have an action of  support for.

The tip 20 of the projectile and also the envelope 21 of the projectile can be made of aluminum. As an alternative, it It also offers the possibility of forming the tip 20 of the projectile based on an injected material, for example plastic. This plastic may preferably be a synthetic material. thermoplastic highly resistant to heat and reinforced with fibers.  The same applies to the shell 21 of the projectile, which can be also formed by a plastic, offering here also A combination of plastic and steel.

To cancel the tolerances in the assembly of the projectile 1 and keep them out around the subprojectiles 27, 28, plastic is injected from the tip 20 of the projectile in a preferred variant, and the plastic from the stern side. This variant requires, for example, only a small drill, preferably in the center from the stern area. The use of plastic makes possible the use of a very thin shell 21 of the projectile. The procedure linked to this is simple and makes manufacturing possible cheap.

Claims (14)

1. Universal projectile (1) cascade effect with a projectile tip (20), a projectile envelope (21) and a projectile stern (22), comprising a central penetrator (24), an outer penetrator (26) being mounted around the central penetrator (24), including outer penetrator (26) ductile heavy metals in the form of balls (27) and / or in the form of cylinders (28) and said outer penetrator being constructed in bow or banana shape. 2. Universal cascade effect projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the central penetrator (24) is composed of frangible pads (25). 3. Universal cascade effect projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the central penetrator (24) forms a single piece. 4. Universal cascade effect projectile according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an end penetrator (29) disposed at the rear of the central penetrator (24) has ductile heavy metals (30) in the form of balls and / or in the form of cylinders. 5. Universal cascade effect projectile according to one of the aforementioned claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the tip (20) of the projectile and also the shell (21) of the projectile that surrounds the outer penetrator (26) and the central penetrator ( 24) can be aluminum. 6. Universal cascade effect projectile according to one of the aforementioned claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the tip (20) of the projectile has been formed from an injected or injectable material, such as plastic. 7. Universal cascade effect projectile according to one of the aforementioned claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the shell (21) of the projectile that surrounds the outer penetrator (26) and the central penetrator (24) can be made of plastic or of a combination of plastic and steel or aluminum. 8. Universal cascade effect projectile according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the plastic is a thermoplastic synthetic material highly resistant to heat and reinforced with fibers. 9. Universal cascade effect projectile according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the ductile heavy metals (27, 28) are fixed to the outer penetrator (26) by means of plastic. 10. Procedure for manufacturing the projectile according to one of claims 1 to 9 with the steps following: - centering of the central penetrator (24) with or without  extreme penetrator (29) and its subprojectiles (30), - placement of the outer penetrator (26) with the subprojectiles (28, 29) around the central penetrator (24), - fixing of subprojectiles (28, 29) of outer penetrator (26) by means of plastic, - creation of a projectile envelope (21) which is thin at least in the area of the outer penetrator. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the plastic for fixing the subprojectiles (27, 28) in the outer penetrator (26) is injected from the tip (20) of the projectile. 12. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the plastic can also be injected from the stern side. 13. Ammunition (10) consisting of a socket of cartridge (4), a propellant charge (5) and a projectile (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9. 14. Ammunition according to claim 13, characterized in that the ammunition (10) is a medium caliber ammunition.