ES2259862B1 - FRUIT SELECTOR MACHINE. - Google Patents
FRUIT SELECTOR MACHINE. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2259862B1 ES2259862B1 ES200302886A ES200302886A ES2259862B1 ES 2259862 B1 ES2259862 B1 ES 2259862B1 ES 200302886 A ES200302886 A ES 200302886A ES 200302886 A ES200302886 A ES 200302886A ES 2259862 B1 ES2259862 B1 ES 2259862B1
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- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- fruit
- inclined plane
- sorting machine
- fruits
- conveyor belt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005428 wave function Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/04—Sorting according to size
- B07C5/10—Sorting according to size measured by light-responsive means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/16—Sorting according to weight
- B07C5/18—Sorting according to weight using a single stationary weighing mechanism
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
- B07C5/3422—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour using video scanning devices, e.g. TV-cameras
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Máquina seleccionadora de frutos. Del tipo de las que incorporan una cinta de alimentación de fruta (1), formando alineaciones longitudinales, y una cámara de vídeo (4) que asociada a un ordenador o sistema de control permite obtener información sobre el aspecto, color, forma y otras características de la fruta, centra sus características en el hecho de que la cinta de alimentación (1) se remata en un plano inclinado (3) por el que las frutas (2) descienden girando sobre sí mismas por efecto de la gravedad, de manera que el necesario giro para que dicha fruta (2) muestre mayoritariamente su superficie a la cámara (4), se consigue automáticamente sin necesidad de medios motrices que le suministren dicho giro. A término del plano inclinado (3) se establece un cepillo de retención (5) para controlar el movimiento de la fruta, y entre dicho plano inclinado (3) y la cinta de salida (6) células de carga (7) que permiten el pesaje automático de la fruta, enviando también información al ordenador osistema de control.Fruit sorting machine. Of the type that incorporate a fruit feed belt (1), forming longitudinal alignments, and a video camera (4) that associated with a computer or control system allows obtaining information on the appearance, color, shape and other characteristics of the fruit, it focuses its characteristics on the fact that the feeding belt (1) is finished off in an inclined plane (3) through which the fruits (2) descend turning on themselves due to gravity, so that the necessary rotation so that said fruit (2) shows mostly its surface to the chamber (4), is automatically achieved without the need for driving means to supply said rotation. At the end of the inclined plane (3) a retention brush (5) is established to control the movement of the fruit, and between said inclined plane (3) and the exit belt (6) load cells (7) that allow the automatic weighing of the fruit, also sending information to the computer or control system.
Description
Máquina seleccionadora de frutas.Fruit sorting machine.
La presente invención se refiere a una máquina seleccionadora de frutas, que ha sido especialmente concebida para frutas de formato esférico, tales como naranjas y similares.The present invention relates to a machine Fruit sorter, which has been specially designed for spherical format fruits, such as oranges and the like.
El objeto de la invención es una máquina capaz de inspeccionar superficial e individualmente los frutos, para su clasificación, en función de los requisitos de selección establecidos al efecto, tales como color, tamaño, forma o por cualquier otra causa.The object of the invention is a capable machine to inspect the fruits superficially and individually, for classification, depending on the selection requirements established for this purpose, such as color, size, shape or by any other cause
La invención es pues aplicable al ámbito agro-alimentario, concretamente al de selección y clasificación de frutas, entre su recogida y su envasado, para su definitiva comercialización.The invention is therefore applicable to the field agro-food, specifically the selection and classification of fruits, between their collection and packaging, for definitive marketing
La recolección de frutas se lleva a cabo de forma indiscriminada, de manera que a término de la misma es preciso efectuar una selección para eliminar aquellas piezas que puedan estar dañadas o que, por cualquier otra causa, no cumplan los requisitos de calidad exigidos.Fruit picking is carried out by indiscriminate way, so that at the end of it is a selection must be made to remove those parts that may be damaged or that, for any other reason, do not comply the quality requirements demanded.
Para llevar a cabo esta selección, una técnica totalmente generalizada consiste en someter al producto a una inspección visual, utilizando una cámara, de manera que con un programa adecuado se detectan aquellos frutos que no cumplen con las premisas establecidas al efecto, eliminándolos de la cadena de transporte de los mismos.To carry out this selection, a technique totally generalized is to subject the product to a visual inspection, using a camera, so that with a Appropriate program detects those fruits that do not meet the premises established for this purpose, eliminating them from the chain of transport of them.
Para conseguir una visión total de la superficie del fruto, o al menos mayoritaria, las máquinas seleccionadoras actuales utilizan sistemas de rulos o conos enfrentados, sometidos simultáneamente a un movimiento de traslación y a un movimiento de rotación, de manera que los frutos a la vez que avanzan bajo la cámara de vídeo giran sobre sí mismos ofreciendo a dicha cámara la totalidad o la mayor parte de su superficie.To get a total view of the surface of the fruit, or at least majority, the sorting machines current use systems of curlers or cones facing, subjected simultaneously to a translation movement and a movement of rotation, so that the fruits while advancing under the video camera rotate on themselves offering said camera the all or most of its surface.
Estos medios de movilización del fruto resultan estructuralmente muy complejos, con un elevado coste y con un alto mantenimiento, lo que evidentemente repercute de forma muy negativa en los costos generales del proceso.These means of mobilization of the fruit result structurally very complex, with a high cost and with a high maintenance, which obviously has a very negative impact in the general costs of the process.
La máquina seleccionadora que la invención propone resuelve de forma plenamente satisfactoria la problemática anteriormente expuesta, al constituir una solución extremadamente simple desde el punto de vista estructural, puesto que los frutos giran sobre sí mismos por efecto de la gravedad, bajo la cámara de vídeo, haciéndose innecesaria cualquiera de las estructuras clásicas para movilización de los mismos.The sorting machine that the invention proposes to solve the problem fully satisfactorily previously exposed, as it constitutes an extremely solution simple from the structural point of view, since the fruits they turn on themselves due to gravity, under the chamber of video, making any of the structures unnecessary classic for their mobilization.
Para ello y de forma más concreta, la máquina incorpora una cinta transportadora de alimentación en la que se define un sector terminal inclinado, que es precisamente sobre el que se ubica la clásica cámara de vídeo, de manera que los frutos que se mantienen estáticos en sentido angular a lo largo del tramo horizontal de la cinta de alimentación, y ruedan sobre el plano inclinado a la vez que giran sobre sí mismos, con lo que ofrecen a la cámara de vídeo la totalidad o la mayor parte de la superficie.For this and more specifically, the machine incorporates a conveyor belt of feeding in which defines an inclined terminal sector, which is precisely about the that the classic video camera is located, so that the fruits that remain static angularly along the stretch horizontal of the feeding belt, and roll on the plane inclined while turning on themselves, with what they offer to the video camera all or most of the surface.
El citado sector terminal de la cinta puede ser físicamente independiente de esta última, materializándose en una superficie plana y estática por la que ruedan las frutas, o puede estar dotado de acanaladuras longitudinales determinantes de respectivas alineaciones para los frutos, que los canalizan debidamente, para evitar una posible tendencia al desplazamiento lateral.The aforementioned terminal sector of the belt can be physically independent of the latter, materializing in a flat and static surface where fruits roll, or can be equipped with determining longitudinal grooves of respective alignments for the fruits, which channel them properly, to avoid a possible displacement trend side.
Se ha previsto también la posibilidad de que el sector terminal o plano inclinado se materialice a su vez en una cinta transportadora que puede girar indistintamente en el sentido de avance de los frutos o en sentido contrario, para acelerar o frenar el movimiento de rodadura de los mismos. De análoga manera esta cinta transportadora del plano inclinado puede estar dotada de nervaduras longitudinales que, a modo de guías, constituyen también canales de conducción del fruto en el sentido de avance para el mismo, con la misma finalidad anteriormente citada.The possibility that the terminal sector or inclined plane materialize in turn in a conveyor belt that can rotate interchangeably in the direction of advance of the fruits or in the opposite direction, to accelerate or slow down the rolling movement of them. Analogously this conveyor of the inclined plane can be provided with longitudinal ribs that, as guides, also constitute fruit conduction channels in the direction of progress for the same, with the same purpose mentioned above.
En cualquier caso el fruto ofrecerá una máxima superficie a la cámara de vídeo, para obtener información sobre su aspecto, color, forma, etc.In any case the fruit will offer a maximum surface to the camcorder, to get information about your appearance, color, shape, etc.
De acuerdo con otra de las características de la invención se ha previsto que en la zona terminal o inferior del plano inclinado se establezca un cepillo transversal para retención del fruto, que ayuda a controlar más eficientemente la transferencia hacia una cinta transportadora de salida, de la que los frutos defectuosos serán eliminados ante las órdenes recibidas del sistema informático que controla la cámara.According to another of the characteristics of the invention is provided that in the terminal or lower zone of the inclined plane a transverse brush is established for retention of the fruit, which helps to control more efficiently the transfer to an exit conveyor belt, from which Defective fruits will be eliminated before orders received of the computer system that controls the camera.
Entre el plano inclinado y la cinta de salida se establecen células de carga, sobre las que golpeará el fruto durante su fase de transferencia a la citada cinta transportadora de salida, consiguiéndose un pesaje automático del que también se obtendrá información respecto de la firmeza del fruto, mediante el análisis de la función de onda devuelta por la célula de carga.Between the inclined plane and the exit belt establish load cells, on which the fruit will hit during its transfer phase to said conveyor belt of exit, obtaining an automatic weighing of which also You will obtain information regarding the firmness of the fruit, by Analysis of the wave function returned by the load cell.
Finalmente y como complemento de la estructura descrita, en la cinta transportadora de salida se establecerán cajeras mediante nervios transversales, para control posicional y unitario de los frutos, así como elementos de expulsión lateral de los mismos, que permitirán su separación o clasificación en función de los requisitos de análisis establecidos, tales como tamaño, color, daños, etc., detectadas por la cámara de vídeo y células de carga y procesados por el sistema informático.Finally and as a complement to the structure described, on the output conveyor belt will be established pockets through transverse nerves, for positional control and unit of the fruits, as well as lateral ejection elements of the same, which will allow their separation or classification according to of the established analysis requirements, such as size, color, damage, etc., detected by the video camera and cell loading and processed by the computer system.
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization of it, is accompanied as an integral part of said description, a set of drawings where with character Illustrative and not limiting, the following has been represented:
La figura 1.- Muestra una representación esquemática en alzado lateral de una máquina seleccionadora de fruta realizada de acuerdo con el objeto de la presente invención, según la variante de realización más simple para la misma.Figure 1.- Shows a representation side elevation schematic of a sorting machine fruit made in accordance with the object of the present invention, according to the simplest embodiment variant for it.
La figura 2.- Muestra una vista en planta de la máquina de la figura anterior.Figure 2.- Shows a plan view of the machine of the previous figure.
La figura 3.- Muestra, ahora según una representación esquemática en perspectiva, la máquina de las figuras anteriores, según una variante de realización en la que el plano inclinado incorpora acanaladuras longitudinales para conducción de las frutas.Figure 3.- Sample, now according to a schematic representation in perspective, the machine of the previous figures, according to a variant embodiment in which the inclined plane incorporates longitudinal grooves for Fruit driving.
A la vista de las figuras reseñadas puede observarse como en la máquina que la invención propone participa una cinta de alimentación (1), que recibe la fruta desde una tolva de entrada, no representada, cinta (1) que discurre o se remata en un sector terminal (3) determinante de un plano inclinado y descendente, sobre el que se sitúa la cámara de vídeo (4), de manera que el necesario movimiento giratorio de las frutas (2) para mostrar a la cámara (4) mayoritariamente su superficie, se consigue de forma automática, por simple gravedad, al rodar las citadas frutas (2) sobre el plano inclinado (3).In view of the figures outlined you can be observed as in the machine that the invention proposes participates a feeding belt (1), which receives the fruit from a hopper input, not shown, tape (1) that runs or ends in a terminal sector (3) determining an inclined plane and descending, on which the video camera (4) is placed, so that the necessary rotational movement of fruits (2) to show to the chamber (4) mostly its surface, is achieved in a way automatic, by simple gravity, when rolling the mentioned fruits (2) on the inclined plane (3).
Un cepillo (5), situado en la extremidad inferior del plano inclinado (3), retiene parcialmente el fruto para controlar más eficientemente la transferencia del mismo hacia una cinta transportadora de salida (6).A brush (5), located at the tip lower of the inclined plane (3), partially retains the fruit to control its transfer more efficiently to an exit conveyor belt (6).
Entre el plano inclinado (3) y la cinta de salida (6) se establecen una serie de células de carga (7), una por cada alineación de frutas (2) que se haya previsto discurran longitudinalmente sobre la cinta (1-3), de manera que estas células de carga (7) permitirán el pesaje automático de cada fruta, suministrando la correspondiente información al sistema informático que recibe también información de la cámara (4).Between the inclined plane (3) and the tape output (6) a series of load cells (7) are established, one per each alignment of fruits (2) that is planned to run longitudinally on the belt (1-3), so that these load cells (7) will allow automatic weighing of each fruit, providing the corresponding information to the system computer that also receives information from the camera (4).
La cinta transportadora de salida (6) incorpora una serie de nervios transversales (8), determinantes de cajeras o cajeados (9) para ubicación unitaria de los frutos, estableciéndose sobre dicha cinta transportadora de salida (6), en el caso concreto de que se trate de dos alineaciones de frutos, como el mostrado en las figuras, una serie de elementos (10) de expulsión lateral, accionados por un electroimán o por cualquier otro medio apropiado, concretamente cuando reciben la señal correspondiente generada por el ordenador, empujando lateralmente la fruta correspondiente y haciéndola abandonar lateralmente dicha cinta (6). Cada uno de estos elementos puede estar compuesto por una sola unidad, basculante indistintamente a derechas o izquierdas, o por dos unidades, como se muestra en la figura 2, cada una basculante hacia un lado.The output conveyor belt (6) incorporates a series of transverse nerves (8), determinants of pockets or cajeados (9) for unit location of the fruits, establishing on said output conveyor belt (6), in the specific case in the case of two fruit alignments, as shown in the figures, a series of lateral ejection elements (10), operated by an electromagnet or by any other appropriate means, specifically when they receive the corresponding signal generated by the computer, pushing the corresponding fruit laterally and causing it to leave said tape laterally (6). Each one of These elements may consist of a single unit, tilting either right or left, or by two units, as shown in figure 2, each tilting towards a side.
Lógicamente y como es convencional, la cámara (4) estará asistida por medios de iluminación y enviará las imágenes captadas al citado ordenador o sistema de control que gobierna la funcionalidad de la máquina.Logically and as is conventional, the camera (4) will be assisted by lighting means and will send the images captured to said computer or control system that governs the functionality of the machine.
A partir de la estructuración descrita, la mostrada en las figuras 1 y 2, es factible que el sector terminal o plano inclinado (3') sea longitudinalmente acanalado, como se observa especialmente en la figura 3, de manera que las frutas (2) se desplacen formando alineaciones perfectamente longitudinales.From the structuring described, the shown in figures 1 and 2, it is feasible that the terminal sector or inclined plane (3 ') is longitudinally ribbed, as observe especially in figure 3, so that the fruits (2) they move forming perfectly longitudinal alignments.
Como también se ha dicho con anterioridad es factible que el plano inclinado (3) o sector terminal de la cinta de alimentación, se materialice a su vez en otra cinta transportadora, con nervios longitudinales o carente de ellos, capacitada para girar en sentido de avance o en sentido contrario al de avance de los frutos (2) y, consecuentemente, para incrementar o disminuir la velocidad de giro de dichos frutos (2) sobre sí mismos a su paso ante la cámara (4).As also stated previously is feasible that the inclined plane (3) or terminal sector of the belt feed, materialize in turn on another tape transporter, with or without longitudinal ribs, able to rotate in the forward direction or in the opposite direction of advance of the fruits (2) and, consequently, to increase or decrease the speed of rotation of said fruits (2) on themselves as it passes before the camera (4).
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200302886A ES2259862B1 (en) | 2003-12-05 | 2003-12-05 | FRUIT SELECTOR MACHINE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200302886A ES2259862B1 (en) | 2003-12-05 | 2003-12-05 | FRUIT SELECTOR MACHINE. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2259862A1 ES2259862A1 (en) | 2006-10-16 |
| ES2259862B1 true ES2259862B1 (en) | 2007-10-01 |
Family
ID=37106606
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200302886A Expired - Fee Related ES2259862B1 (en) | 2003-12-05 | 2003-12-05 | FRUIT SELECTOR MACHINE. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2259862B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2403335B1 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2014-09-10 | Multiscan Technologies, S.L. | MACHINE FOR INSPECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF FRUITS AND METHOD TO INSPECT AND CLASSIFY FRUITS USED BY SUCH MACHINE. |
| ES2429395B1 (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2014-09-10 | Multiscan Technologies, S.L. | Machine and method for inspection and classification of fruits |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB621369A (en) * | 1947-02-24 | 1949-04-07 | T & T Vicars Ltd | Improvements in devices for arranging the disposition of biscuits and other flat articles |
| ES417913A1 (en) * | 1973-08-16 | 1976-06-01 | Marti Ribes | Improvements in machines for the heavy and packaging of fruit. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| JPS57102418A (en) * | 1980-12-13 | 1982-06-25 | Nitto Shokuhin Seizo Kk | Top and bottom corrector for fruits |
| DE29902392U1 (en) * | 1999-02-10 | 1999-04-22 | Neubauer, Hermann, 59514 Welver | Sorting device for rod-shaped foods such as asparagus spears or the like. |
| FR2814384B1 (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2005-04-01 | Stimeca | SORT DEVICE |
-
2003
- 2003-12-05 ES ES200302886A patent/ES2259862B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2259862A1 (en) | 2006-10-16 |
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