ES2249025T3 - CLOSURE OF FOAM AND INSULATING PANELS MADE OF IT. - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a low fiber, plyable facer suitable for use in the construction industry, particularly for insulation board manufacture, comprising a dry preformed fiber mat containing a binder for the fibers, preferably a preformed glass mat, coated with a prefoamed composition which contains a thixotropic polymer latex, a foam sustaining amount of a surfactant and a flame retarding and/or strengthening amount of a mineral filler and also to the use and process for the preparation of the above as well as to a siding underlayment or insulation board having a foamed, thermosetting resin core which is surfaced with said facer as a product for commercial use.

Description

Foam enclosure and insulated panels made of the.

Rigid foam insulation laminates polymeric have been used for many years by the Construction Industry. Applications include commercial boards Roof insulation used under a roof reinforced with asphalt membranes (BUR) as well as under various membrane fabrics individual such as EPDM rubber, PVC, bitumen membranes modified asphalt and the like. Other uses include insulation from residences, as covers under exterior cladding, and as roof insulation under asphalt plates and roof tiles concrete.

Such isolation often takes the form of a material with thermosetting polymer foam core such as polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, modified polyurethane polyisocyanurate (often referred to as polyiso) or resin phenolic, applied between two facing plates.

These insulating boards are usually manufactured in production lines where a liquid chemical mixture of the core it is poured on a lower enclosure, foaming until come into contact with a top enclosure in a rolling mill restricted ascent. The reaction of the chemical mixture that causes the foam production is generally exothermic, since curing at Polymerization and crosslinking occurs in the laminator. In the case of polyisocyanurate insulation boards, the exothermic curing reaction lasts well within the time when Rigid boards are cut, stacked and stored. The reaction Exothermic can last as long as 4 days and the mixture can reach temperatures as high as 163ºC (325ºF).

Desirable properties for enclosures include flexibility, high tensile and tear resistance and resistance to thermal degradation. The porosity of the enclosure it must be low and the thickness of the enclosure cover must be enough to prevent dripping of liquid chemicals before foaming. Additionally, the enclosures they must show good adhesion to the foam insulating core and be inert to foreign chemicals that may be present in the mixture, especially to blowing agents that can also behave like solvents. Swelling agents currently in use include chlorofluorocarbons such as HCFC-141b and R-22 as well as hydrocarbons such as n-pentane, cyclo-pentane e iso-pentane

A problem that has been associated with the polyiso has been a phenomenon called "delaminated to low temperature. "This phenomenon occurs in areas of low temperature where the insulation boards leaving the line of production are cooled before they can be "cured for stacked. "In the worst case, the foam core layer polyiso closer to the enclosure cools, quenching the reaction of curing and leaving a brittle layer. This often leads to the shearing of the core layer or to the delamination of the enclosure. It has been the practice of manufacturers to place a layer of corrugated cardboard on the upper surface of the enclosure top board and under the bottom surface of the enclosure bottom board in the stack, to retain exothermic heat and Avoid subsequent delamination. In this way, an enclosure that inherently insulates and retains heat during curing in the stack would materially reduce delamination incidents to cold temperatures and would eliminate the need for expensive insulation of cardboard.

After these insulation boards of Foamed polymer is cured, cut and sent to its place of use, the enclosure must provide mechanical stability as well as water and weather resistance, when installed, can be expose to persistent rain, high humidity, ultraviolet light and heat excessive. In addition, the enclosures must be resistant to perforations and marks to survive its drilling and I walked on it. The temperature support up to 260ºC (500ºF), as found in hot asphalt applications, as well such as resistance to the harmful effects of adhesive solvents used in single sheet roof membrane applications while firmly bonding to the adhesives themselves are also important properties of the enclosure.

Traditionally, the materials of the enclosures have included asphalt saturated cellulosic felts, fiberglass mats, fiberglass coated mats With an asphalt emulsion, aluminum foil / Kraft / foil, fiberglass modified cellulosic felts, mats glass on which polymeric films have been extruded, and glass mats coated with polymeric latex coatings and inorganic ligand. However, all these materials have for At least one unwanted property. For example, the products that contain asphalt are not compatible with roofing membranes of PVC single sheet. Fiberglass mats are subjected to excessive infiltration of the core chemicals that are It can foam. Aluminum enclosures and sheets reflect heat in the foam during processing, which causes the disruption of cell structure, delamination and deformation. In addition, the sheathing of the coated sheet and the extrusion or lamination of a polymer film to surfaces of the glass mat are expensive. Specifically, it has found that glass mats coated with mixtures of polymeric latex and inorganic ligand are fragile; for him opposite, fiberglass modified cellulosic felts are susceptible to moisture absorption, aggravating the deformation of the board in humid or wet environments.

Other enclosures that have been used to cover enclosures of base and insulation boards include the described in patents US-5,776,841 and US 5,717,012, which are mainly felt.

US Patent 5,001,005 describes a cover sheet composed of glass fibers and a non-asphaltic ligand. The enclosure contains a 60-90% of glass fibers, whose high content of fiber does not provide a sufficient bond to close the pores of the sheet or to provide the desired sheet strength. The US 5,102,728, which describes a substrate of glass mat coated with a polymeric latex mixed with a asphalt emulsion, refers to a product that is not only incompatible with PVC roof membranes, but also requires excessive coating thicknesses to reduce its high porosity. Consequently, this product is very expensive. The patent US 5,112,678 describes an enclosure preparing by applying a latex to a fiberglass mat fluid polymeric and an inorganic ligand coating. He resulting product is somewhat fragile and is susceptible to a degree of undesirable chemical filtering. Patents US 5,698,302 and US 5,698,304 describe enclosures where films are laminated or extruded from polymer on a fiberglass mat. This approach does not It is only expensive, but also as polymers with Conventional mineral flame retardants are not extruded well, some degree of resistance to inflammability.

Consequently, it is an objective of the present invention solve the inconveniences and deficiencies above and provide an enclosure that occurs so economic through a commercially feasible procedure.

It is also an objective to provide a mechanically stable enclosure suitable for manufacturing insulation boards that resist delamination to casualties temperatures and have a superior tolerance to the effects of climatology.

Another objective is to provide an enclosure that present a superior adhesion to polyiso foam of a material of core of an insulation board.

These and other objectives and advantages of the Invention will become apparent from the attached description.

Description of the invention

The non-asphaltic and non-cellulosic enclosure of the The present invention comprises a fibrous mat substrate dry preformed on which a pre-foamed composition is coated containing a natural or synthetic thixotropic latex polymer, a sulfactant and an inorganic mineral filler. The composition can optionally contain up to about 15% by weight of external additives, which include a flame retardant, dye, thickener, porosity reducing agent, thermal stabilizers and / or UV and the like, to provide a closing product foaming that has, on a dry weight basis, less than 50% of fiber on the mat. The preferred enclosure product contains 30 to 46% by weight of fiber in the composition consisting of mat fiber with ligand and latex in the mixture of covering.

Detailed description of the invention

Generally, the coating composition foam applied to the preformed mat contains on a basis of Dry weight between 15 and 80% by weight of polymeric latex thixotropic, between 0.01 and 80% by weight of filler, between 0.5 and 10% by weight of foam support sulfactant and between 0 and 15% by weight of external additives.

The fibers of the mat used herein invention include any non-cellulosic type, such as glass fibers, polyester, polypropylene, copolymers polyester / polyethylene / teraphthalate, hybrid types such as fibers of polyethylene / glass and other conventional non-cellulosic fibers. Mats having orientation fiberglass are preferred random for its heat resistance generated during the manufacture of insulation boards and resistance to Call in the finished product.

The fibrous mats of the invention, generally between 254 and 762 x 10-3 mm (10 and 30 mils) of thickness, conventionally contain a ligand that is incorporated during the formation of the mat to fix the fibers in a mesh solid self-support and to prevent fiber loss during subsequent processing and handling. These ligands include phenol, melamine and / or urea-formaldehyde resins or mixtures thereof. The most preferred are the mats that have glass fibers in the range of 3 to 20 microns, more desirably between 10 and 18 microns, in diameter and a length of between 0.64 cm and 4.45 cm (0.25 to 1.75 inches), more desirably a length of 1.91 to 3.81 cm (0.75 to 1.5 inches).

The fillers useful in the present mixture of coating include conventional inorganic types such as clays, mica, talc, limestone, kaolin, other stone powders, plaster, aluminum silicate (for example Ecca Tex 561), trihydrate flame retardant aluminum, ammonium sulfamate, oxide antimony, calcium silicate, calcium sulfate, and mixtures of same.

The sulfactants used in the composition of coating are suitable organic types to stabilize frameworks, such as, for example, ammonium salts of an acid C10 to C22 fatty, for example ammonium stearate (STANFAX 320). One or more sulfactants may be used in the composition of coating to promote foaming and to maintain The structure of the coating foam before curing.

The latex component of the composition of Coating includes natural rubber latex polymers, as well as synthetic fabrics that include styrene copolymers and butadiene and acrylic based resins. Representative examples of these are polyvinyl chloride, styrene / acrylic esters or methacrylic, ethylene / vinyl chloride and polyurethane, polyisoprene, polyvinylidene chloride, acetate acetate polyvinyl / polyvinyl and synthetic rubbers such as SBS, SBR, neoprene, etc. and any other thixotropic latex polymer and mixtures of the above.

The coating mixture of the mat invention is obtained from an emulsion, dispersion or 15-80% foamed aqueous suspension, which is prefoam by incorporating air into the liquid mixture aqueous, for example by blowing or mixing, with vigorous stirring in presence or absence of a conventional blowing agent. The aerated foamed composition is then coated to a thickness between 126 and 2540 x 10-3 mm (5 to 100 mils) above the surface of the preformed mat under environmental conditions using a knife blade, a roller or any other Convenient application procedure. In one aspect, the mat covered with foam is then dried below its curing temperature to provide a self-supporting product foamed that has a reduced coating thickness of up to 2286 x 10-3 mm (90 mils) that adheres to the surface of the mat. In another aspect, the foamed coated mat is dried and dried. heals simultaneously.

The enclosure product resulting from the The present invention is desirably flexible and has a low liquid chemical permeability used for cores of insulation, as well as superior dimensional stability and a High tensile strength after curing. This product, comprising the mat that has a surface coating adhered to a latex / filler / prefoamed sulfactant, it can be Supply directly to the board manufacturing insulation, for example a laminator of restricted elevation, in which the uncoated fiber surface of the mat contacts with at least one exposed surface of a core not thermo-stable elastomeric foamed or foamable in the manufacture of an insulation board as described in continuation.

As indicated above, the Foamed coating of the present enclosure can be formed in absence or presence of a blowing agent to provide a reduced density composition, whose density can be reduced from above about 2 g / cm3 (g / cc) to a minimum of 0.15 g / cm3 (g / cc). Advantageously, the consistency of the foam is such that the coating mixture does not penetrate through the mat and, ideally, simulates the consistency of the cream of to shave.

Generally, the amount of air incorporated into the mixture that can be foamed before coating is between 5% and 80% by volume approximately for a optimal consistency and the resulting foamed mixture has openings of bubbles small enough to inhibit the liquid flow through the mat.

Applying a film or laminating a layer of waterproof resin or polymer on the foamed surface, for Provide a three-layer enclosure element, you can provide a surface completely impermeable to liquid over the enclosure, in special cases where this is desired. A top sealing coating of an unfoamed latex is Suitable for this purpose. Alternatively, a thermoplastic such as polyethylene powder or beads non-expanded polystyrene as filler that melts at drying / curing temperatures to close substantially all pores of the waterproof coating. Can also be used expandable excipients and additives such as cellulose for this purpose; although the use of a sealing coating is not Necessary nor recommended. Other procedures to get the Similar purpose include the use of less air during foaming, the omission or use of less inorganic filler in the composition of coating, calendering and / or etching of the foamed surface by contact with a roller or a hot pressure plate. Another procedure to produce the surface completely waterproof involves the formation of foam on the surface smooth of a conventional release material and then Contact the mat with the opposite surface of the foam. It can use a combination of any of the above options for specialized purposes, if desired.

In the present case, the closing of the invention, which has a foamed cell coating, contains latent exothermic energy and has a heat capacity greater potential when entering the mill; in this way, decreasing lamination curing time and prolonging the heat generation, acting as an insulator during curing in the stack after curing. This advantage eliminates the need for heat retention elements at the top and bottom of the battery and significantly reduces the previous problem of the susceptibility of the board to delamination at low temperature. Additionally, where the foamed coating on the enclosure dries and / or cures, the strength of the bond between the fibers does not coated and the core material in the resulting product is improvement due to reduced penetration of the mixture of coating on the mat because of its pre-foamed state. Where the foam of the enclosure is completely cured before entering in the laminator, the core material is poured over the fibrous surface not covered by the enclosure or laminated to the same with adhesive or a bonding agent.

Any pressure that can be applied during Lamination in the manufacture of insulation board is less than that required to cause a 50% reduction in the thickness of the foamed enclosure coating and is insufficient for cause damage or breakage of the mat fibers in the product of finished insulation board.

The weight of this enclosure may vary. between 40 and 300 g / square meter and the foamed enclosure sheet can have a thickness of up to 2540 x 10-3 mm (100 mils) Depending on consumer preference. For certain purposes that demand tougher enclosures, can be select fabrics that can be crosslinked.

The present latex coating composition it can also contain a smaller amount, up to 15%, preferably less than about 3% by weight of an agent of conventional thickening, for example a polymer thickener acrylic, for example ACRYSOL ASE 95NP and / or 60NP) and the like. Other inert excipients such as a UV or thermal stabilizer, a conventional coloring agent, a texturing agent, a reinforcing or crosslinking agent (by example CYMEL 303) resin and / or a blowing agent, in the mixture of covering; although the addition of these additives is preferred in an amount less than less than 2% by weight.

Insulation boards, for which the present enclosure is particularly suitable, comprise cores of conventional thermosetting or thermoplastic foam, such as foamed polyurethane or polyisocyanurate modified with polyurethane or phenol-formaldehyde arranged between a pair of enclosures that are laminated to the surfaces of the nucleus. Other chemical compounds can also be used non-elastomeric foamables, such as polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, and other used of conventional way as core material as the core of the Insulation board of the present invention. Foamed cores rigid of this type are described for example in the patent US 4,351,873.

The present enclosures are also suitable to line a lateral base generally of a thickness of up to about 2.54 cm (1 inch) and are composed of a core material non-elastic of a chemical or chemical mixture similar to the core insulation. The use of an instant enclosure eliminates the need for expensive laminar faces that support and they reflect heat and often cause deformation and deterioration of The wooden deck. In addition, the laminar faces and the like are prick easily, which causes the attack of moisture.

In the manufacture of insulation, a roll of the present foamed laminar product, with a uncoated fiber surface opposite the surface of the core, to a rolling zone. The chemical precursor of board core foam or the chemical mixture is can pour over the uncoated fiber surface of the sheet of the enclosure or the core of the insulation board can be pre-foaming a consistency of self-sustaining. In a embodiment, a first enclosure of the present invention, with its uncoated surface in contact with the core, placed under of the core The fiber surface of a second enclosure is placed and separated on the core to allow the expansion of the core, for example in a laminator of restricted elevation, where The whole undergoes an exothermic reaction and cure begins. During the curing operation, the core material is foam and rises to engage with the uncoated bottom surface of the Second enclosure It should be understood that one of the first or second enclosures can be of the same or different composition as the of the present invention; although it is preferred that these two enclosures are those of the invention described herein. Plus specifically, one of the sheets of the enclosure can be select from those used in a conventional manner, such as for example a sheet of hybrid cellulose felt or cellulose-glass, perlite, aluminum foil, Multilaminated sheets of sheet or Kraft, fiberglass mats coated or uncoated; although the second sheet of enclosure of the present invention improves the advantages here described. As the core foam spreads over the surface fibrous of the first sheet of the enclosure that enters the laminator, undergoes an exothermic reaction that can reach a temperature up to 93ºC (200ºF). The core foam rises to contact the lower surface of the second enclosure and it hardens on it; thus providing a foam core rigid insulation interposed or sandwiched between two sheets of enclosure. The resulting product can be cut next on boards of the desired size and shape. The heat of the reaction exothermic that involves crosslinking and polymerization, it autogenerates in the laminator and in the rear stacking of the boards insulation to ensure complete cure of the core and the enclosure surface coating. The temperatures during stacking they can rise to about 163ºC (325ºF) during A period of up to 4 days.

As another embodiment that involves the operation anterior, the upper and lower placement of the sheets of the enclosure can be reversed so that the enclosure of the The present invention is supplied and separated on an enclosure conventional in a way that its fibrous surface does not coated be faced with the core chemical of foamable insulation that is contacted on its bottom surface with another enclosure sheet. This last procedure is practice where there is a rigid sheet, as in a perlite board or particles as opposed to the flexible enclosure herein invention, which can be supplied to the laminator as a roll continuous. In this case, the core chemical of foamable insulation is lined on the enclosure element rigid and rises to engage the fibrous surface not covered with the present enclosure.

The latex of the present surface layer of enclosure that, due to its comparatively latex foam thick, and low ratio between fiber and latex coating, retains heat more efficiently between the layers of the roll. In this way, core lamination can be completed faster and stacking without damaging the laminate. Further, It has now been found that this heat retention during curing improves core binding and significantly reduces the subsequent "low temperature delamination" in the product, which it is caused by the failure of the complete cure of the upper layer due to its exposure to a cooler temperature during stacking After leaving the mill.

Insulation boards that incorporate the These enclosures are useful in the commercial isolation of roofs, lined with residential or commercial walls, etc. Depending on the desired use, the present insulation board it has a core thickness that can vary widely, by example between 1.27 and 10.2 cm (0.5 and 0.4 inches) or more.

In the previous discussion, it will be clear that it is also possible to form the insulation core so separated, that is, absent contact with the fibers of a enclosure, and subsequently join one or more of those present enclosures to the core using suitable adhesives. In general, the Patent teachings US-4,351,873 are applicable to the formation of rigid foam cores and the adhesion of enclosure sheets to at least one surface of these cores

Polyurethane and polyisocyanurate are used commonly as core materials; although others are also used non-elastomeric foamable chemicals. Examples of these The latter include polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, resins Phenolic and similar.

Enclosures and board products insulation of the present invention exhibit a resistance to traction significantly greater than those containing 60 to 90% by weight of fibers. These enclosures also have resistance to breakage at low temperatures and stability exceptionally superior dimensional and flame retardation. Due to superior strength and flexibility, the present enclosure can find more applications, such as non-laminar and non-dazzling coating, as a single base, sheets of separation or barrier and the like.

Example 1

A 473 ml metal bucket with a mixer Low shear was used to combine a 51.5% solution aqueous of a self-crosslinkable acrylic latex (Rohm & Haas, E-693), 23.5% aqueous clay mud (Ecca Tex 561), a mixture of melamine crosslinking agent (CYMEL 303), an ammonium stearate foam stabilizer (STANFAX 320), a Acrylic polymer thickener (Acrysol ASE 95NP) and carbon black pigment in the amounts shown in the Table 1 attached. The above ingredients were completely mixed for about 10 minutes and then foamed using a High-speed Kitchen Aid mix to produce a foam that it had a density of 0.2 (g / cc) g / cm3. Viscosity Brookfield of the foamed mixture, using an LVT axis \ alm {1} 4 to 30 rpm, it was 1,500 cps.

TABLE 1

Ingredient % Solids Base Parts in Wet Dry Parts Base Latex acrylic 48.5 100 48.50 Mud from kaolin 76.5 90 68.85 CYMEL 303 100 1.5 1.50 STANFAX 320 * 33 8.0 2.64 Acrysol ASE 95NP Water (1/1 mol) 9.3 0.8 0.07 Black Coal 33 0.45 0.15 * stearate ammonium

The previous foamed latex mixture was coated on the top surface of a fiberglass mat preformed containing 27.5% by weight ligand of urea-formaldehyde and that has 72.5% by weight of 1.18 cm (1¼ inch) long filaments on average 15.9 inches microns of average diameter. The coating was performed using a Gardner down gauge adjustment to achieve a thickness of 762 x 10-3 mm (30 mils) coating on the mat. The resulting sample was dried in an oven at 125 ° C for 3 minutes and at It was then cured at 150 ° C for an additional 3 minutes.

The properties of the enclosure sample above were compared with those of commercial samples A, B and C, and the results were as indicated in Table 2.

Example 2

Example 1 was repeated except that the acrylic Self-crosslinking (RHOPLEX B-959) was replaced by latex (E-693) and the dry pre-foamed mixture on the Mat was not cured. The unfoamed mixture of this example had a Brookfield viscosity of 3,600 cps.

The mat covered with this uncured foam example was introduced in a rolling mill, in which the fiber does not coated under the surface of the mat was contacted with a core of polyurethane / foamed isocyanurate of an insulation board and simultaneous curing of the matting foam began and the nucleus. After 1-2 minutes in the laminator, to a temperature of about 120º to 200ºC, the laminated board was cut on 122 x 244 cm (4 x 8 ft) boards and dashboard squares they were stacked in units of 25 elements to complete curing over a period of 2.5 days.

Example 3

Example 1 was repeated except that it was added an additional 45 g of aluminum trihydrate (ALCOA GRADE C-320) to the coating mixture to increase the flame retardation of the enclosure. Brookfield viscosity of the unfoamed mixture was 2,200 cps and the foam had a density 0.23 (g / cc) g / cm3.

The most commonly conventional enclosures used are uncoated cellulose fiber mats that may or may not be reinforced with a smaller amount of fibers of glass. In Table 2, Examples A and B represent this type. He Example A is reinforced with 18% of 3.2 cm glass fibers (1¼ inches) long, Example B is reinforced with 13% of less than glass fibers 0.32 cm (1/8 inches) long.

Another type of enclosure that has been successful commercial comprises a glass mat on which it has Extruded a polyethylene coating. An enclosure of this Type is represented as Sample C.

The properties of all enclosures in the Above examples are indicated in the attached Table 2.

TABLE 2

Property Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Commercial A Commercial B Commercial C Weight Base Lbs / 480 Foot 13.1 13.1 15.27 19.6 22.0 11.2 Cuad. g / m2) (133.3) (133.3) (155.4) (1199.5) (223.9) (114.0) Caliber (35) (35) (35) (18) (18) (13) (mils) (ASTM D-146-90) % Fibers 41.6 41.6 35.7 90 90 68.3 Tensile strength Lbs / in. (g / m2) MD 45.8 44.6 45.4 29.8 42.8 33 (819.4) (797.9) (812.2) (533.1) (765.7) (590.4) CMD 44.9 33.1 30.2 18.5 17.6 - - (803.3) (592.2) (540.3) (331.0) (314.9) Elmendorf shear strength, g-force (ASTM D-698-79) MD 390 387 384 238 132 - - CMD 457 518 433 395 167 - - Resistance break 60 - - - - 30 27 - - Mullen Dimensional stability (% expansion dry to wet) MD 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.13 0.30 - - CMD 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.69 1.80 - -

The above examples are representative and are will understand that many alterations and substitutions can be made in them without departing from the scope of the present invention. Be refers to the definition of the invention in the claims.

Claims (28)

1. Enclosure containing low fiberglass flexible suitable for use in building construction and that Contains on a dry weight basis less than 50% by weight of fiber, which comprises a non-asphalt fiber mat substrate and non-cellulosic between 254 and 762 x 10-3 mm (10 and 30 mils) of thickness, whose mat substrate is in contact with a mat surface coating from 127 to 2540 x 10-3 mm (5 to 100 thousand) thick, obtaining said coating at from a foamed aqueous mixture between 15-80% in weight containing, on a dry weight basis, (a) between 15 and 80% by weight of thixotropic polymer latex, (b) between 0.01 and 80% by weight of inorganic filler and (c) between 0.5 and 10% in weight of an organic sulfactant. 2. Enclosure according to claim 1, in the that the fiber of said mat is fiberglass. 3. Enclosure according to claim 2, in the that said fibers have an average diameter between about 3 and about 20 microns and a length between 0.64 and 4.5 cm (0.25 and 1.75 inches). 4. Enclosure according to claim 1, in the that (c) is an ammonium salt of a C10 fatty acid a C_ {22}. 5. Enclosure according to claim 6, in the that (c) is ammonium stearate. 6. Enclosure according to claim 1, in the that said latex of the coating mixture is a base resin Acrylic 7. Enclosure according to claim 1, in the that said coating mixture additionally contains up to a 15% by weight of an excipient selected from the group of a thickener, a coloring agent, a texturing agent, a UV light stabilizer, a thermal stabilizer, a retardant of flame, a weather resistance agent and an agent blower. 8. Enclosure according to claim 7, in the that a UV stabilizer is present in an amount of up to a 2.5% by weight of the mixture. 9. Enclosure according to claim 1, in the that the enclosure contains between 30 and 46% by weight of fiber. 10. Enclosure according to claim 1, in the that said coating has a density of between about 0.1 and about 4 g / cm3 (g / cc). 11. Procedure to prepare the enclosure according to claim 1, comprising: (a) form an aqueous mixture between 15 and 80% by weight of said coating composition; (b) foaming said mixture at a consistency of self-sustaining; (c) apply a uniform coating of 127 a 2032 x 10-3 mm (5 to 80 thousand) of the foamed mixture at surface of said mat; (d) dry the resulting mat; Y (e) recover the dry mat coated with foam that has a fiber concentration below 50% in weight as the product of the procedure. 12. Method according to claim 11, in that the foam-coated enclosure dries and heals and then then it is passed to a laminator for lamination in a core of non-elastic insulation board. 13. Method according to claim 11, in that the foam-coated enclosure dries below its curing temperature and then passed to a rolling mill where the dry foam is contacted with a board core of non-elastic lamination and heals on it. 14. Lateral base that has a non-elastic core conventional laminated with a enclosure according to claim one. 15. Insulation board that has a core not elastic laminated on a surface to a non-asphalt mat and non-cellulosic containing low fiber according to claim 1. 16. Insulation board according to claim 15, wherein said sulfactant is an ammonium salt of a C 10 to C 22 fatty acid. 17. Insulation board according to claim 16, wherein said salt is a stearate of ammonium. 18. Insulation board according to claim 15, having a non-elastic core in which the two surfaces of said core are laminated to an enclosure according to claim 1 19. Insulation board according to claim 15, having a non-elastic core in which a core surface is laminated to the enclosure according to the claim 1. 20. Insulation board according to claim 19, wherein the opposite surface of said core It is laminated to a conventional asphalt mat or it contains cellulose. 21. Insulation board according to claim 15, wherein the latex of said latex is a resin Acrylic base. 22. Insulation board according to claim 15, wherein said filler is a retarding agent of fire. 23. Insulation board according to claim 22, wherein said filler is trihydrate of aluminum. 24. Insulation board according to claim 15, wherein said mat contains less than 50% in fiber weight 25. Insulation board according to claim 24, wherein said mat contains between 30 and a 46% by weight fiber. 26. Insulation board according to claim 15, wherein said enclosure is a mat of glass coated with said cured foam. 27. Insulation board according to claim 15, having a thickness between 0.5 and 10.2 cm (0.2 and 0.4 inches). 28. Insulation board according to claim 15, wherein said cured foam has a density between 0.1 and 0.4 g / cm3 (g / cc).