ES2238895B1 - SECURITY ROLE. - Google Patents
SECURITY ROLE. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2238895B1 ES2238895B1 ES200300329A ES200300329A ES2238895B1 ES 2238895 B1 ES2238895 B1 ES 2238895B1 ES 200300329 A ES200300329 A ES 200300329A ES 200300329 A ES200300329 A ES 200300329A ES 2238895 B1 ES2238895 B1 ES 2238895B1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- color
- layers
- thermal
- support
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn - After Issue
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/80—Paper comprising more than one coating
- D21H19/82—Paper comprising more than one coating superposed
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
- D21H21/44—Latent security elements, i.e. detectable or becoming apparent only by use of special verification or tampering devices or methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/14—Security printing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
- B41M5/52—Macromolecular coatings
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/28—Colorants ; Pigments or opacifying agents
Abstract
Papel de seguridad identificable mediante el desgarro del mismo, que comprende un único soporte o lámina base recubierta, en al menos una de sus caras, de una o varias capas de color y una capa más exterior de propiedades opacificantes que oculta las capas de color intermedias, imprimible por cualquier medio de impresión, siendo el espesor del papel de seguridad menor a las 100 micras. El papel de seguridad, puede estar provisto de un recubrimiento funcional apto para ser termoimprimible, bien por transferencia térmica de color (transferencia térmica) o bien por fusión de las micropartículas de que está compuesto (térmico directo).Security paper identifiable by tearing it, comprising a single support or base sheet coated, on at least one of its faces, with one or several layers of color and an outermost layer of opacifying properties that conceals the intermediate color layers , printable by any means of printing, the thickness of the security paper being less than 100 microns. The security paper may be provided with a functional coating suitable for being thermally printable, either by thermal color transfer (thermal transfer) or by fusion of the microparticles of which it is composed (direct thermal).
Description
Papel de seguridad.Security paper
La invención se refiere a un papel de seguridad identificable mediante el desgarro del mismo.The invention relates to a security paper identifiable by tearing it.
La autentificación por desgarro de una hoja de soporte fibroso, por ejemplo de papel, consiste en revelar por rasgado una estructura interna de capas multicolor no visible desde el exterior sin efectuar dicha rotura o rasgado en el papel.Tear authentication of a sheet of fibrous support, for example paper, consists of revealing by torn an internal structure of multicolored layers not visible from the outside without making said breakage or tearing in the paper.
Los papeles autentificables, también denominados papeles de seguridad, identificables mediante desgarro son muy útiles para la realización de documentos tales como tickets de admisión o de viajes, papeles moneda, documentos legales, o cualquier otro que pueda ser intercambiable por un bien o servicio establecido.Authenticable papers, also called security papers, identifiable by tear are very useful for the realization of documents such as tickets for admission or travel, paper money, legal documents, or any other that can be interchangeable for a good or service settled down.
En la actualidad se están utilizando tres tipos de estructuras para papeles de seguridad identificables por rasgado. La primera consiste en aplicar sobre un soporte de papel o cartulina de color, una capa de estuco blanca en cada cara del papel o cartulina a fin de tapar el color de la cartulina interior. Esta es una estructura a modo de sándwich del tipo revestimiento de estuco blanco/soporte de color/revestimiento de estuco blanco.Currently three types are being used of structures for security papers identifiable by torn. The first is to apply on a paper support or colored cardboard, a layer of white stucco on each side of the paper or cardboard to cover the color of the inner cardboard. This is a sandwich structure of the cladding type of white stucco / color support / white stucco coating.
La segunda estructura utilizada consiste en un complejo formado por tres láminas ensambladas, de las que las exteriores son color blanco y la lámina intermedia de color, resultando una estructura trilaminar en la que la lámina coloreada está interpuesta también a modo de sándwich entre las dos láminas exteriores.The second structure used consists of a complex formed by three assembled sheets, of which the exteriors are white and the intermediate color sheet, resulting in a trilaminar structure in which the colored sheet It is also sandwiched between the two sheets outside
La tercera estructura utilizada consiste en un complejo formado por dos láminas ensambladas, una de las cuales como mínimo, presenta una de sus caras coloreada ya sea con capa de estuco, tinta o cola teñida, que en el momento de realizar el complejo se dispone en el interior siendo ocultada por la otra lámina.The third structure used consists of a complex consisting of two assembled sheets, one of which at least, it has one of its faces colored either with a layer of stucco, ink or dyed glue, which at the time of making the complex is arranged inside being hidden by the other sheet.
Los papeles de seguridad conocidos, autentificables por desgarro, presentan problemas de deslaminación inherente al origen de estructuras multilaminares, además de que el espesor mínimo de los papeles de seguridad conocidos es mayor que el espesor deseado para según qué aplicaciones, tales como la validación automática en máquinas de acceso o expedición, en las que el ticket a validar ha de ser introducido o es expendido a través de ranuras exteriores esencialmente planas y de altura próxima a las 100 micras.The known security papers, authenticable by tearing, have delamination problems inherent in the origin of multilamellar structures, in addition to the minimum thickness of known security papers is greater than the desired thickness for what applications, such as automatic validation in access or dispatch machines, in that the ticket to be validated has to be introduced or is sold to through essentially flat and high outer grooves next to 100 microns.
Para dar solución a los problemas anteriormente descritos, el papel de seguridad objeto de la invención responde a las características de ser un papel auntentificable por desgarro, no deslaminable, infalsificable, opaco, económico y que ofrece buenas cualidades de imprimabilidad y de escritura.To solve the problems above described, the security paper object of the invention responds to the characteristics of being a paper that can be authenticated by tearing, non-delaminable, infalsifiable, opaque, economical and offering Good printability and writing qualities.
El papel de seguridad identificable mediante el desgarro del mismo, en su esencia se caracteriza porque comprende un único soporte o lámina base recubierta, en al menos una de sus caras, de una o varias capas de color y una capa más exterior de propiedades opacificantes que oculta las capas de color intermedias, siendo el espesor del papel de seguridad menor a las 100 micras.The security role identifiable through the tear of the same, in its essence is characterized because it comprises a single support or coated base sheet, in at least one of its faces, with one or several layers of color and an outermost layer of opacifying properties that hide color layers intermediate, the thickness of the security paper being less than 100 microns
Según un modo de realización preferido, el soporte está provisto, en una de sus caras, de un recubrimiento funcional apto para ser termo imprimible, bien por transferencia térmica de color (transferencia térmica) o bien por fusión de las micropartículas de que está compuesto (térmico directo).According to a preferred embodiment, the support is provided, on one of its faces, with a coating functional suitable for being thermal printable, either by transfer thermal color (thermal transfer) or by fusion of the microparticles of which it is composed (direct thermal).
Según otro aspecto de la invención, la capa más exterior opacificante es imprimible por cualquier medio de impresión.According to another aspect of the invention, the layer more Opacifying exterior is printable by any means of Print.
Según otra característica de la invención, cada una de las capas de recubrimiento, sea de color, opacificante o funcional, tiene un espesor inferior a las 16 micras.According to another feature of the invention, each one of the coating layers, be it colored, opacifying or functional, has a thickness of less than 16 microns.
En los dibujos adjuntos se ilustra, a título de ejemplo no limitativo, dos modos de realización del papel de seguridad objeto de la invención. En dichos dibujos:The attached drawings illustrate, by way of non-limiting example, two embodiments of the role of Security object of the invention. In these drawings:
la Fig. 1, es una sección transversal del papel donde se distinguen el soporte y las diferentes capas de recubrimiento; yFig. 1, is a cross section of the paper where the support and the different layers of covering; Y
la Fig. 2, es una sección transversal de un segundo modo de realización del papel de seguridad donde también se distinguen el soporte y las distintas capas de recubrimiento.Fig. 2, is a cross section of a second embodiment of the security paper where it is also distinguish the support and the different coating layers.
El papel 1 de seguridad objeto de la presente invención está formado por un único soporte 2 el cual puede estar formado por papel, cartulina o cualquier material sintético.The security paper 1 object of the present invention is formed by a single support 2 which can be formed by paper, cardboard or any synthetic material.
La cara inferior del soporte 2 de la Fig. 1, está recubierta por una capa de color 3, que a su vez, está recubierta por una capa opacificante 5 que oculta al exterior la capa de color 3, de modo que esta última queda interpuesta entre el soporte 2 y el recubrimiento opacificante 5.The underside of the support 2 of Fig. 1, it is covered by a layer of color 3, which in turn is covered by an opacifying layer 5 that hides the exterior color layer 3, so that the latter is interposed between the support 2 and the opacifying coating 5.
En la realización de la Fig. 2, en cambio, se disponen dos recubrimientos de colores distintos 3 y 4, sobre el soporte 2, y al igual que en la realización anterior, se dispone un recubrimiento exterior que oculta la capa de color más externa 5. En realidad y debido al poco espesor de las capas de color, se puede disponer de tantas capas de color distinto como sea necesario entre el soporte 2 y el recubrimiento exterior, opacificante 5.In the embodiment of Fig. 2, however, they have two different colored coatings 3 and 4, on the support 2, and as in the previous embodiment, a outer coating that hides the outermost color layer 5. Actually and due to the low thickness of the color layers, you can have as many layers of different color as necessary between the support 2 and the outer coating, opacifying 5.
El recubrimiento opacificante 5 suele estar formado a partir de compuestos con alto índice de reflexión (tales como los compuestos por dióxido de Titanio TiO_{2}), o de productos con índices de reflexión menores pero de un tamaño de partícula muy pequeño, como pueden ser silicatos, carbonatos, caolines...etc, el tamaño de partícula de los cuales es inferior a las 2 micras.The opacifying coating 5 is usually formed from compounds with high reflection index (such as the compounds by TiO2 Titanium dioxide), or of products with lower reflection rates but of a size of very small particle, such as silicates, carbonates, kaolins ... etc, the particle size of which is less than 2 microns
Para la realización de las distintas capas de color 3, 4, también denominadas capas de seguridad, pueden utilizarse colorantes visibles, invisibles, fotocromáticos, iridiscentes, fluorescentes, fosforescentes, reactivables químicamente o por calor...etc, en todas o en cada una de las capas de color del papel de seguridad.For the realization of the different layers of color 3, 4, also called security layers, can use visible, invisible, photochromic dyes, iridescent, fluorescent, phosphorescent, reactivable chemically or by heat ... etc, in all or in each of the layers of security paper color.
A su vez, el soporte 2 sobre el que se aplican los recubrimientos de color 3, 4, puede ser un papel o cartulina offset (eso es sin recubrimiento superficial) o por el contrario puede estar dotado de un recubrimiento superficial 6, tal y como indican las Figs. 1 y 2, que puede ser un estocado blanco o de color, un recubrimiento tratado para ser impreso por transferencia térmica o transfer térmico (un tóner o cinta se funde por efecto del calor y se transfiere al recubrimiento quedándose adherido al mismo) o de tipo térmico directo (se aplica calor sobre el recubrimiento y al fundirse las micro partículas que lo componen desprenden color).In turn, the support 2 on which they are applied Color coatings 3, 4, can be a paper or cardboard offset (that is without surface coating) or on the contrary it can be provided with a surface coating 6, as indicate Figs. 1 and 2, which can be a white lunge or color, a coating treated to be printed by transfer thermal or thermal transfer (a toner or ribbon melts by effect of heat and is transferred to the coating remaining adhered to same) or direct thermal type (heat is applied on the coating and melting the micro particles that compose it they give off color).
En cualquier caso, para comprobar la autenticidad de una papel como el de la invención, tan sólo es necesario desgarrar el papel para que sea visible desde el exterior la capa o las capas de color 3, 4 ocultas en el interior del papel 1.In any case, to check the authenticity of a paper like that of the invention, it is only it is necessary to tear the paper so that it is visible from the outside the layer or layers of color 3, 4 hidden inside the paper one.
Al ser las distintas capas que recubren el soporte 2 de un espesor aproximado de 20 micras, se consigue obtener papeles de seguridad, fácilmente autentificables, de un espesor inferior a las 100 micras. Los papeles de seguridad actualmente conocidos, que actúan por desgarro, están formados por más de una lámina o soporte, de manera que los espesores que se pueden conseguir son siempre superiores a las 100 micras.Being the different layers that cover the support 2 of an approximate thickness of 20 microns, is achieved obtain security papers, easily authenticated, from a thickness less than 100 microns. Security papers currently known, which act by tearing, are formed by more than one sheet or support, so that the thicknesses that are they can get are always higher than 100 microns.
Se dispone un único soporte fibroso tipo Termotag CT de 80 micras, fabricado por Fábregas (Mataró), o bien un soporte calidad 150 UTB de 80 micras, fabricado por Ricoh (Japón), ambos ya provistos en una de sus caras de una capa funcional que permita su impresión por el sistema "térmico directo", y se depositan en su reverso (la cara contraria a la destinada a la impresión térmica) las siguientes capas:A single fibrous type support is available Termotag CT of 80 microns, manufactured by Fábregas (Mataró), or a support quality 150 UTB of 80 microns, manufactured by Ricoh (Japan), both already provided on one of their faces with one layer functional that allows printing by the "thermal system direct ", and are deposited on its reverse side (the opposite side of the intended for thermal printing) the following layers:
- --
- Una o más capas coloreadas con pigmentos visibles a la luz, de espesor entre 10 y 20 micras. Estas capas coloreadas, que pueden ser dispersadas en agua o en solventes, están constituidas por:One o more colored layers with light-visible pigments, thick between 10 and 20 microns. These colored layers, which can be dispersed in water or solvents, they are constituted by:
- A)TO)
- Pigmentos: de 5 a un 95% en peso son pigmentos coloreados con la tonalidad objeto, por ejemplo color verde, y de un 95 a un 5% restante son cargas minerales (sulfato cálcico, carbonato cálcico, caolín, talco, dolomitas, silicatos de los que se utilizan como cargas en las pinturas o estucados del papel). Pigments : from 5 to 95% by weight are colored pigments with the object hue, for example green color, and from 95 to 5% remaining are mineral fillers (calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, kaolin, talc, dolomites, silicates of those that are used as fillers in paints or paper stucco).
- B)B)
- Ligantes: de un 7 a un 50% en peso sobre los Pigmentos. Favorecen la adhesión de los pigmentos entre sí y con el soporte de base. Puede utilizarse caseina, látex: estireno butadieno, acrílicas, acetatos de polivinilo, copolímeros de acetato de vinilo, copolímeros de resinas acrílicas, copolímeros de resinas de estireno, almidones, éteres de almidón, carboximeticelulosas, alcoholes de polivinilo, resinas de nitrocelulosa, esteres maléicos o cualquier otro compuesto químico que favorezca la adhesión. Binders : from 7 to 50% by weight on Pigments. They favor the adhesion of the pigments to each other and to the base support. Casein, latex: styrene butadiene, acrylics, polyvinyl acetates, copolymers of vinyl acetate, copolymers of acrylic resins, copolymers of styrene resins, starches, starch ethers, carboxymethyl celluloses, polyvinyl alcohols, nitrocellulose resins, nitrocellulose resins or any other chemical compound that favors adhesion.
- C)C)
- Ayudantes de extensión y formación de film: Están presentes en una proporción comprendida entre un 0,05 y un 0,5% sobre los pigmentos. Formados por antiespumantes, siliconas, estearatos, tensoactivos varios, sulforicinatos o polialcoholes. Film extension and formation aids : They are present in a proportion between 0.05 and 0.5% on the pigments. Formed by defoamers, silicones, stearates, various surfactants, sulphoricinates or polyalcohols.
- --
- Una capa exterior opacificante, de espesor entre 10 y 20 micras, por ejemplo de color blanco, imprimible con cualquier sistema de impresión tradicional (offset, huecograbado, flexografía, transfer, serigrafía), que oculta la capa coloreada. Dicha capa opacificante, puede ser dispersada en agua o con solventes y está constituida por:A opacifying outer layer, thickness between 10 and 20 microns, per white example, printable with any system of traditional printing (offset, gravure, flexography, transfer, silkscreen), which hides the colored layer. Said opacifying layer, it can be dispersed in water or with solvents and is constituted by:
- A)TO)
- Pigmentos: de un 5 a un 95% son pigmentos de alta opacidad, tales como bióxido de titanio, silicatos, sílice coloidal, caolín o carbonato cálcico. De un 95 a un 5% restante son cargas minerales (sulfato cálcico, carbonato cálcico, caolín, talco, dolomitas, silicatos de los que se utilizan como cargas en las pinturas o estucados del papel). Pigments : 5 to 95% are high opacity pigments, such as titanium dioxide, silicates, colloidal silica, kaolin or calcium carbonate. From 95 to 5% remaining are mineral fillers (calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, kaolin, talcum powder, dolomites, silicates of which are used as fillers in paints or paper coatings).
- B)B)
- Ligantes: de un 7 a un 50% en peso sobre los pigmentos. Favorecen la adhesión de los pigmentos entre sí y con el soporte de base. Puede utilizarse caseina, látex: estireno butadieno, acrílicas, acetatos de polivinilo, copolímeros de acetato de vinilo, copolímeros de resinas acrílicas, copolímeros de resinas de estireno, almidones, éteres de almidón, carboximeticelulosas, alcoholes de polivinilo, resinas de nitrocelulosa, esteres maléicos o cualquier otro compuesto químico que favorezca la adhesión. Binders : from 7 to 50% by weight on the pigments. They favor the adhesion of the pigments to each other and to the base support. Casein, latex: styrene butadiene, acrylics, polyvinyl acetates, copolymers of vinyl acetate, copolymers of acrylic resins, copolymers of styrene resins, starches, starch ethers, carboxymethyl celluloses, polyvinyl alcohols, nitrocellulose resins, nitrocellulose resins or any other chemical compound that favors adhesion.
- C)C)
- Ayudantes de extensión y formación de film: Presentes en una proporción comprendida entre un 0,05 y un 0,5% sobre los pigmentos. Formados por antiespumantes, siliconas, estearatos, tensoactivos varios, sulforicinatos o polialcoholes. Film extension and formation assistants : Present in a proportion between 0.05 and 0.5% on pigments. Formed by defoamers, silicones, stearates, various surfactants, sulphoricinates or polyalcohols.
Una vez recubierto el papel con las capas anteriormente descritas, éste se calandra hasta conseguir el micronaje requerido.Once the paper is coated with the layers previously described, this will be calendered until the micronage required.
Naturalmente, también podrá utilizarse un papel desprovisto de la capa funcional 5, al que se le aplica el tratamiento de seguridad de la invención.Of course, a paper can also be used devoid of functional layer 5, to which the Safety treatment of the invention.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200300329A ES2238895B1 (en) | 2003-02-11 | 2003-02-11 | SECURITY ROLE. |
| EP04380015A EP1447474A1 (en) | 2003-02-11 | 2004-01-21 | Security paper |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200300329A ES2238895B1 (en) | 2003-02-11 | 2003-02-11 | SECURITY ROLE. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2238895A1 ES2238895A1 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
| ES2238895B1 true ES2238895B1 (en) | 2007-02-16 |
Family
ID=32669125
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200300329A Withdrawn - After Issue ES2238895B1 (en) | 2003-02-11 | 2003-02-11 | SECURITY ROLE. |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1447474A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2238895B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1435686A (en) * | 1972-04-26 | 1976-05-12 | Culter Guard Bridge Holdings L | Coated paper |
| GB2122545B (en) * | 1982-06-26 | 1985-10-02 | Coated Papers Limited | Security paper |
| SE8903823D0 (en) * | 1989-11-14 | 1989-11-14 | Tumba Bruk Ab | LOTTER PAPER, PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING LOT PAPER AND ITS USE IN MANUFACTURE OF LOT PRODUCTS |
| GB2299036A (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 1996-09-25 | Coated Papers Limited | Coated Paper |
| DE19822605C2 (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 2003-04-17 | Zanders Feinpapiere Ag | Process for marking paper and cardboard and paper product available with it |
| SE513878C2 (en) * | 1998-06-17 | 2000-11-20 | Scand Stick Ab | Security paper in the form of laminates with different colored layers |
| DE19919172A1 (en) * | 1999-04-28 | 2000-11-02 | Drewsen Spezialpapiere | Counterfeit-proof document |
| ATE269440T1 (en) * | 1999-05-05 | 2004-07-15 | Landqart | PRINTED AND PRINTABLE SUBSTRATES |
| SE516625C2 (en) * | 2000-06-20 | 2002-02-05 | Holmen Ab | Security paper / board and process for making them |
-
2003
- 2003-02-11 ES ES200300329A patent/ES2238895B1/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
-
2004
- 2004-01-21 EP EP04380015A patent/EP1447474A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1447474A1 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
| ES2238895A1 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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