ES2235663A1 - Removal of bivalent metals dissolved in aqueous medium comprises sorption by biogenic calcium carbonate to reduce e.g. cadmium levels - Google Patents
Removal of bivalent metals dissolved in aqueous medium comprises sorption by biogenic calcium carbonate to reduce e.g. cadmium levelsInfo
- Publication number
- ES2235663A1 ES2235663A1 ES200400003A ES200400003A ES2235663A1 ES 2235663 A1 ES2235663 A1 ES 2235663A1 ES 200400003 A ES200400003 A ES 200400003A ES 200400003 A ES200400003 A ES 200400003A ES 2235663 A1 ES2235663 A1 ES 2235663A1
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- Prior art keywords
- aragonite
- aqueous medium
- calcium carbonate
- removal
- reduce
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract 4
- 230000000035 biogenic effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Cd]Cl YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXSA-M (E,E)-sorbate Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C\C([O-])=O WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940075554 sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 240000000254 Agrostemma githago Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009899 Agrostemma githago Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000003321 atomic absorption spectrophotometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009924 canning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Procedimiento para la eliminación de metales divalentes presentes en disolución en un medio acuoso.Procedure for metal removal divalents present in solution in an aqueous medium.
La invención concierne a un método para la eliminación de metales pesados, principalmente cadmio, plomo y manganeso, de un medio acuoso con la ayuda de un material rico en aragonito obtenido, fundamentalmente, a partir de las conchas de algunos bivalvos.The invention concerns a method for heavy metal removal, mainly cadmium, lead and manganese, from an aqueous medium with the help of a material rich in aragonite obtained, fundamentally, from the shells of Some bivalves.
El método es de aplicación al sector técnico de procesos de depuración de aguas contaminadas y de conservación del medio ambiente.The method is applicable to the technical sector of processes of purification of contaminated water and conservation of environment.
En los últimos años y debido, sobre todo, a una reglamentación medioambiental cada vez más estricta, se ha hecho necesario poner a punto nuevas técnicas que permitan conseguir una eliminación lo mas completa posible de los metales pesados presentes en aguas contaminadas. Por otro lado, la industria conservera genera un gran volumen anual de conchas de diferentes moluscos que, aunque son utilizadas en algunas aplicaciones industriales, por regla general, se desechan como residuos.In recent years and due, above all, to a increasingly stringent environmental regulations have been made it is necessary to develop new techniques that allow to achieve a as complete removal of heavy metals as possible present in contaminated water. On the other hand, the industry canning generates a large annual volume of shells of different mollusks that, although they are used in some applications industrial, as a rule, are disposed of as waste.
Se presenta ahora un procedimiento sencillo, rentable y de interés medioambiental que, por una parte, propone la utilización de los residuos generados por la industria conservera para el tratamiento de medios acuosos contaminados por metales pesados y, por otra, consigue reducir la concentración de estos contaminantes por debajo de los límites permitidos por la legislación vigente.A simple procedure is now presented, profitable and of environmental interest that, on the one hand, proposes the utilization of waste generated by the canning industry for the treatment of aqueous media contaminated by metals heavy and, on the other hand, manages to reduce the concentration of these pollutants below the limits allowed by the current legislation.
En la literatura geoquímica pueden encontrarse numerosos trabajos de investigación relativos a la interacción de calcita, CaCO_{3 (calcita)}, con metales divalentes en disolución acuosa. Según estos estudios, la precipitación de superficie de soluciones sólidas Metal_{x}Ca_{1-x}CO_{3} es el mecanismo de sorción más relevante en la mayoría de los casos. Pero, curiosamente, el desconocimiento de la interacción entre estos metales y aragonito, CaCO_{3 (aragonito)}, es casi total.In geochemical literature can be found numerous research papers related to the interaction of calcite, CaCO 3 (calcite), with divalent metals in solution watery According to these studies, the surface precipitation of solid solutions Metal_ {x} Ca_ {1-x} CO_ {3} is the most relevant sorption mechanism in most cases. But, interestingly enough, the ignorance of the interaction between these metals and aragonite, CaCO_ {3 (aragonite)}, is almost total.
Tradicionalmente, los estudios de sorción se realizan mediante experimentos macroscópicos en los que se determina la extensión del "atrapamiento" en función del pH, la concentración inicial del metal en la disolución acuosa, el tiempo, etc. Estos estudios necesitan el complemento de técnicas de caracterización de superficie capaces de proporcionar información sobre el sorbato a escala molecular. Además de su composición y estructura es necesario conocer cuáles son los mecanismos de crecimiento del sorbato y su distribución espacial. Finalmente, la estimación de la superficie reactiva de las partículas es imprescindible si se quiere evaluar la eficacia de los procesos de sorción en la eliminación de un determinado elemento.Traditionally, sorption studies are performed through macroscopic experiments in which determines the extent of "entrapment" as a function of pH, the initial concentration of the metal in the aqueous solution, the time, etc. These studies need the complement of techniques surface characterization capable of providing information on the sorbate on a molecular scale. In addition to its composition and structure is necessary to know what are the mechanisms of sorbate growth and its spatial distribution. Finally the estimation of the reactive surface of the particles is essential if you want to evaluate the effectiveness of the processes of Sorption in the elimination of a certain element.
La Figura 1 muestra la representación entre el "atrapamiento" de cadmio por aragonito abiogénico y biogénico (fragmentos de conchas de berberecho común).Figure 1 shows the representation between the "entrapment" of cadmium by abiogenic and biogenic aragonite (fragments of common cockle shells).
Los resultados de nuestros estudios tanto a nivel macro como microscópico han permitido demostrar la formidable eficacia del aragonito como sorbente de algunos metales divalentes tales como cadmio, plomo y manganeso. Esta capacidad de sorción del aragonito excede en varios ordenes de magnitud a la de la calcita a pesar de que el sorbato que se forma en ambos casos es el mismo: una solución sólida Metal_{x}Ca_{1-x}CO_{3} relativamente rica en el metal. Pero, mientras que sobre calcita se forma una capa epitaxial de solución sólida de espesor molecular que cubre rápidamente el substrato y bloquea el proceso, sobre aragonito, las diferencias estructurales impiden la orientación epitaxial, y la capa de precipitado puede alcanzar espesores micrométricos.The results of our studies both at the level macro as microscopic have allowed to demonstrate the formidable efficacy of aragonite as a sorbent of some divalent metals such as cadmium, lead and manganese. This sorption capacity of aragonite exceeds several orders of magnitude to that of calcite to Although the sorbate that is formed in both cases is the same: a solid solution Metal_ {x} Ca_ {1-x} CO_ {3} relatively rich in metal. But, while on calcite it forms an epitaxial layer of solid solution of molecular thickness which quickly covers the substrate and blocks the process, over aragonite, structural differences prevent orientation epitaxial, and the precipitate layer can reach thicknesses micrometers
También se ha observado que, para el mismo volumen y distribución de tamaños de grano, la velocidad y capacidad de sorción de los carbonatos biogénicos es mayor que la de los carbonatos abiogénicos. En el caso de la interacción de cadmio, plomo y manganeso con determinados carbonatos biogénicos tipo aragonito (B-aragonito) procedentes de conchas de bivalvos, se comprueba experimentalmente la existencia de altas tasas de sorción de estos metales sobre los materiales ensayados. Aunque la tasa de sorción de carbonatos abiogénicos tipo aragonito (A-aragonito) es menor, ambos tipos de materiales demuestran ser muy adecuados para su utilización en filtros, fondos de balsas y barreras de contención diseñados para la limpieza de medios acuosos contaminados con metales. La importancia de la propuesta que se presenta radica en que la principal fuente de aragonito biogénico es un subproducto industrial, las conchas de una amplia variedad de moluscos, que, en muchas ocasiones, no tienen ninguna utilidad o valor y se eliminan como residuos.It has also been observed that, for the same volume and distribution of grain sizes, speed and sorption capacity of biogenic carbonates is greater than the of abiogenic carbonates. In the case of the interaction of Cadmium, lead and manganese with certain biogenic carbonates aragonite type (B-aragonite) from shells of bivalves, the existence of discharges is checked experimentally sorption rates of these metals on the materials tested. Although the sorption rate of aragonite-type abiogenic carbonates (A-aragonite) is smaller, both types of materials prove to be very suitable for use in filters, funds of rafts and containment barriers designed for cleaning aqueous media contaminated with metals. The importance of proposal presented is that the main source of Biogenic aragonite is an industrial byproduct, the shells of a wide variety of mollusks, which, in many cases, not They have no utility or value and are disposed of as waste.
En los experimentos realizados se eligieron conchas de bivalvos procedentes de las siguientes especies: berberecho, almeja y mejillón. Por difracción de rayos-X se determinó que las conchas de berberecho y almeja están formadas exclusivamente por aragonito. La concha de mejillón está compuesta por una combinación de calcita y aragonito en una proporción que, dependiendo del ambiente de crecimiento, puede variar de unos ejemplares a otros. En este último caso, la proporción se determinó a partir de las intensidades relativas de las reflexiones más características de los diagramas de difracción de calcita y aragonito. En los ensayos se utilizaron también otros dos tipos de sólidos: A-calcita (calcita abiogénica) y A-aragonito (aragonito abiogénico).In the experiments performed, they were chosen Bivalve shells from the following species: cockle, clam and mussel. By diffraction of X-rays were determined that cockleshells and Clam are formed exclusively by aragonite. The shell of mussel is composed of a combination of calcite and aragonite in a proportion that, depending on the growth environment, It may vary from one specimen to another. In the latter case, the proportion was determined from the relative intensities of the most characteristic reflections of the diffraction diagrams of calcite and aragonite. Other trials were also used Two types of solids: A-calcite (abiogenic calcite) and A-aragonite (abiogenic aragonite).
Las conchas se lavaron con una disolución acuosa de hidróxido sódico, se trituraron y se tamizaron para obtener partículas con tamaño de grano en el rango 1-1,5 mm. Las partículas seleccionadas se limpiaron con etanol en un baño de ultrasonidos. Los sólidos etiquetados como A-aragonito y A-calcita se prepararon, respectivamente, mediante la fragmentación de cristales naturales de aragonito y calcita. El tamaño de grano seleccionado osciló entre 1 y 1,5 mm.The shells were washed with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, they were crushed and screened to obtain grain size particles in the 1-1.5 range mm The selected particles were cleaned with ethanol in a bath Ultrasound Solids labeled as A-aragonite and A-calcite are prepared, respectively, by crystal fragmentation natural aragonite and calcite. The selected grain size ranged between 1 and 1.5 mm.
Todos los materiales utilizados en los ensayos se caracterizaron por fluorescencia de rayos-X para comprobar la ausencia de cadmio, plomo y manganeso en la composición de los mismos.All materials used in the tests are characterized by x-ray fluorescence to check the absence of cadmium, lead and manganese in the composition of them.
Las experiencias se llevaron a cabo a 25ºC y a la presión parcial ambiental de CO_{2}. Se realizaron mediante la inmersión de fragmentos del sorbente en disoluciones acuosas del metal en un vaso termostático cerrado y con agitación continua (100 rpm). En todos los casos se emplearon 2 g de fragmentos sólidos y 100 cm^{3} de disolución. La presión ambiente de CO_{2} se mantuvo mediante el burbujeo continuo de aire a través de la disolución. Para cada metal seleccionado se realizaron experiencias partiendo de 5 concentraciones iniciales diferentes (0,1; 0,5; 5 y 10 mM). Cada ensayo se realizó por triplicado y se prolongó durante un mes.The experiences were carried out at 25 ° C and at environmental partial pressure of CO2. They were performed by immersion of sorbent fragments in aqueous solutions of metal in a closed thermostatic vessel with continuous stirring (100 rpm). In all cases, 2 g of solid fragments were used and 100 cm3 of solution. The ambient pressure of CO2 is kept by continuously bubbling air through the dissolution. Experiences were made for each selected metal starting from 5 different initial concentrations (0.1; 0.5; 5 and 10 mM). Each trial was performed in triplicate and lasted for one month.
Durante los experimentos se siguió la evolución de la disolución acuosa a lo largo del tiempo tomándose medidas de pH, alcalinidad, concentraciones de calcio y del metal a las 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3; 4; 6; 10; 24 y 72 horas, y a los 7, 15 y 30 días de dar comienzo cada ensayo. Dependiendo de la concentración, las disoluciones se analizaron mediante Espectrofotometría de Absorción Atómica ó ICP-MS. La evolución de la concentración de calcio se monitorizó, además, in situ mediante ionometría. El pH se determinó in situ mediante un equipo de alta precisión y los datos obtenidos se contrastaron con los calculados mediante balance de cargas. A partir de los datos analíticos y del pH se calculó la evolución de los índices de saturación de las fases sólidas implicadas y se determinaron los caminos de reacción y los valores límite hacia los que tiende el sistema para tiempos de reacción prolongados.During the experiments, the evolution of the aqueous solution was followed over time, taking measurements of pH, alkalinity, calcium and metal concentrations at 0.5; one; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3; 4; 6; 10; 24 and 72 hours, and at 7, 15 and 30 days of starting each trial. Depending on the concentration, the solutions were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry or ICP-MS. The evolution of calcium concentration was also monitored in situ by ionometry. The pH was determined in situ by means of high precision equipment and the data obtained were contrasted with those calculated by means of load balancing. From the analytical data and the pH, the evolution of the saturation indices of the solid phases involved was calculated and the reaction paths and the limit values towards which the system tends for prolonged reaction times were determined.
Se ha comprobado que la eliminación de los metales del medio acuoso se produce de forma drástica y en muy pocas horas cuando el material utilizado en el ensayo es aragonito. Así, en la Figura 1 se observa que, para una disolución 0,1mM de CdCl_{2} (11,24 ppm de Cd), la concentración cae por debajo del límite de detección de la Espectrofotometría de Absorción Atómica y alcanza valores en el rango "nanomolar" (ppb) en pocas horas. En ambos casos (aragonito abiogénico y biogénico) la concentración cae, en 24 horas, hasta valores inferiores a 0,0005 mM. La capacidad de sorción del aragonito biogénico es mayor que la del abiogénico, y esta es, a su vez, mucho más elevada que la de la calcita. También se ha comprobado que un aumento en el pH de la disolución hacia valores de pH más básicos favorece la eliminación de los metales contaminantes del medio acuoso.It has been proven that the elimination of aqueous medium metals are produced drastically and in very few hours when the material used in the test is aragonite. Thus, Figure 1 shows that, for a 0.1mM solution of CdCl2 (11.24 ppm Cd), the concentration falls below detection limit of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and reaches values in the "nanomolar" range (ppb) in a few hours. In both cases (abiogenic and biogenic aragonite) the concentration falls, in 24 hours, to values below 0.0005 mM. The sorption capacity of biogenic aragonite is greater than that of abiogenic, and this is, in turn, much higher than that of the calcite It has also been proven that an increase in the pH of the dissolution towards more basic pH values favors elimination of the contaminating metals of the aqueous medium.
Aunque el rango de tamaños de grano que ha resultado conveniente para realizar los experimentos de laboratorio es el que oscila entre 1 y 1,5 mm, si se utilizan fragmentos de menor tamaño el proceso es más rápido. En los experimentos se han empleado únicamente 2 g de sorbente por cada 100 cm^{3} de disolución. Si se emplea una mayor proporción relativa sorbente/disolución, la capacidad de sorción, lógicamente, es mucho mayor. Finalmente, el segundo lavado de las conchas con etanol no parece necesario en la utilización industrial de este producto.Although the range of grain sizes that has convenient result to perform laboratory experiments it is the one that oscillates between 1 and 1.5 mm, if fragments of Smaller the process is faster. In the experiments they have used only 2 g of sorbent per 100 cm3 of dissolution. If a higher relative proportion is used sorbent / dissolution, the capacity of sorption, logically, is much higher. Finally, the second washing of the shells with ethanol does not It seems necessary in the industrial use of this product.
La eficacia del procedimiento se ilustra adicionalmente mediante los siguientes ejemplos de realización, los cuales no pretenden ser limitativos de su alcance:The effectiveness of the procedure is illustrated additionally by the following embodiments, the which are not intended to be limiting of scope:
2 g de A-aragonito (aragonito abiogénico) se mezclan con 100 ml de diferentes disoluciones acuosas de cloruro de cadmio y de cloruro de manganeso. La concentración del metal (Cd o Mn) presente en la disolución, al comienzo (C_{0}), transcurridas 10 horas (C_{10}) y después de un mes de reacción con el sorbente (C_{\infty}), se muestra en las Tablas 1 y 2. También se muestra el porcentaje eliminado al final del experimento.2 g of A-aragonite (aragonite abiogenic) mixed with 100 ml of different solutions Aqueous cadmium chloride and manganese chloride. The metal concentration (Cd or Mn) present in the solution, at start (C_ {0}), after 10 hours (C_ {10}) and after One month reaction with the sorbent (C \ infty), is shown in Tables 1 and 2. The percentage removed at end of the experiment
2 g de fragmentos de conchas de berberecho (B-aragonito) se mezclan con 100 ml de diferentes disoluciones acuosas de cloruro de cadmio y de cloruro de manganeso. La concentración del metal (Cd o Mn) presente en la disolución, al comienzo (C_{0}), transcurridas 10 horas (C_{10}) y después de un mes de reacción con el sorbente (C_{\infty}), se muestra en las Tablas 3 y 4. También se muestra el porcentaje eliminado al final del experimento.2 g of cockleshell fragments (B-aragonite) are mixed with 100 ml of different aqueous solutions of cadmium chloride and manganese. The concentration of the metal (Cd or Mn) present in the dissolution, at the beginning (C 0), after 10 hours (C 10) and after a month of reaction with the sorbent (C \ infty), it shown in Tables 3 and 4. The percentage is also shown removed at the end of the experiment.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200400003A ES2235663B1 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2003-12-23 | PROCEDURE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF DIVALENT METALS PRESENT IN DISSOLUTION IN A WATER MEDIA. |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| ES200400003A ES2235663B1 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2003-12-23 | PROCEDURE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF DIVALENT METALS PRESENT IN DISSOLUTION IN A WATER MEDIA. |
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| ES2235663A1 true ES2235663A1 (en) | 2005-07-01 |
| ES2235663B1 ES2235663B1 (en) | 2006-11-01 |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4781841A (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1988-11-01 | Nissho Co., Ltd. | Heavy metal adsorbing agent and method of using same |
| JPH02203905A (en) * | 1989-02-02 | 1990-08-13 | Masataka Hanashima | Method for adsorbing and removing heavy metals |
-
2003
- 2003-12-23 ES ES200400003A patent/ES2235663B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4781841A (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1988-11-01 | Nissho Co., Ltd. | Heavy metal adsorbing agent and method of using same |
| JPH02203905A (en) * | 1989-02-02 | 1990-08-13 | Masataka Hanashima | Method for adsorbing and removing heavy metals |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| EL-KORASHY, S.A "Studies on divalent ion uptake of transition metal cations by calcite through crystallization and cation exchange process" Journal of Materials Science. Abril 2003. Vol. 38. Paginas 1709-1719, todo el documento * |
| EL-KORASHY, S.A "Studies on divalent ion uptake of transition metal cations by calcite through crystallization and cation exchange process" Journal of Materials Science. Abril 2003. Vol. 38. Páginas 1709-1719, todo el documento * |
| KITANO, Y. ET AL. "Adsorption of zinc and copper ions on calcite and aragonite and its influence on the transformation of aragonite to calcite" Geochemical Journal, 1976, Vol. 10. Paginas 175-179, todo el documento * |
| KITANO, Y. ET AL. "Adsorption of zinc and copper ions on calcite and aragonite and its influence on the transformation of aragonite to calcite" Geochemical Journal, 1976, Vol. 10. Páginas 175-179, todo el documento * |
| PRIETO, M. ET AL "Uptake of dissolved Cd by biogenic and abiogenic aragonite: a comparison with sorption onto calcite" Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 15-10-2003. Vol. 67 N20. Paginas 3859-3869, todo el documento. * |
| PRIETO, M. ET AL "Uptake of dissolved Cd by biogenic and abiogenic aragonite: a comparison with sorption onto calcite" Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 15-10-2003. Vol. 67 Nº20. Páginas 3859-3869, todo el documento. * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2235663B1 (en) | 2006-11-01 |
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