ES2232248B1 - DIKE ROMPEOLAS. - Google Patents

Abstract

Breakwater dike. It consists of at least two parallel screens (1) and (2), based on a plurality of hollow cylinders (3), the inner screen cylinders (1) being laterally adjacent, establishing a total or majority closure to the passage of water , while the cylinders of the outer screen (2) are substantially spaced apart, defining openings (4) that allow the passage of water through it, in order that the stresses of the waves are distributed evenly between both screens (1) and (2). The cylinders (3) of one and another screen are joined together by braces (6) that can be horizontal or oblique. The cylinders (3) are fixed to the seabed (5) by respective piles when the terrain is not very competent, any other type of foundation can be used when the conditions are more favorable.

Description

Breakwater dike.

Object of the invention

The present invention relates to a dike breakwater, which has been specially designed to achieve, in parallel to optimal functionality as such breakwaters, a notable structural simplification, with the consequent cost reduction, also minimizing large environmental degradation due to dredging and rock-barking.

The invention thus falls within the scope of public works, and more specifically in the construction of dikes for seaports.

Background of the invention

The traditional construction of large dikes breakwater meant the contribution of large amounts of "everything one "of breakwater, which came to constitute the core of the structure, covered by two layers of prefabricated parts of large concrete. Between the core of "all one", and the prefabricated several intermediate layers of breakwaters were placed large size, whose gradation ensured the non-degradation of the set against the storms.

An alternative to this traditional construction, it consists of the use of vertical drawers for breakwater, specifically cell drawers, binoculars, that had been used since time immemorial for docking docks and that have been used outside the ports. Do not However, there are circumstances in which this construction It presents problems, it is not appropriate or simply not viable. Among the circumstances involved in this limitation, it should be noted the following:

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When architectural or aesthetic conditions invalidate them. This circumstance is becoming more frequent as a result of the Consideration of beauty as a prime good need.

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When the large size of the drawers prevents its construction from being carried out in the floating or terrestrial factories dedicated to this end. By demanding special manufacturing facilities costs They shoot.

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When the nature of the land on which the drawers lack adequate bearing capacity and therefore require replacement of large volumes or waiting for a long time to its consolidation or artificial improvement of soils or, what It is usually more frequent, several of these things at once. Appear the gigantic dredges and the substitutions with breakwaters that they meant a distance from the levees. Not forgetting the uncertainties in the settlements and the total or partial ruin of the structure.

To the circumstances set forth above there are that also add the general tendency in time to reduce the volume of materials of the breakwater structure.

Description of the invention

The breakwater dike that the invention proposes it constitutes an efficient solution of special application in those cases in which land circumstances occur unfavorable, due to lack of bearing capacity.

It also represents significant progress in the reduction of the total materials used in a breakwater, and also substantially improves aesthetic problems, especially when the dike is the base of support for a boardwalk, among other cases.

To do this and more specifically, said dike it materializes in two parallel screens, based on hollow cylinders, that can be built in a traditional drawer, screens that they are modular, so that each module participates in a certain number of cylinders properly connected between yes.

Preferably the diameter of said cylinders It will be between 4.50 and 6.50 meters, and its length will be variable depending on the depth at which the sea bottom.

According to another of the characteristics of the invention, the outer or sea side screen should not be continuous, to allow an important part of the energy to be dissipated in the inner screen, which must be continuous, except in those particular cases where it is required that a small wave agitation penetrates into the port. The height of coronation of the inner screen will be defined by the recesses admitted from the temporary while the screen height outside will be superior, resulting emergent not to complete excessively the installation, being those cylinders related each other by two stringers, one upper and one lower, to allow the passage of water between them.

Each cylinder must be piloted to remain conveniently fixed to the seabed, and the two screens must be properly braced, the Bracing once the cylinders have been piloted. Do not However, in the case of competent land, it would be sufficient to inject the gravel layer of the cylinders so that the structure It could work without piles.

The possibility is also planned, depending on of the practical requirements of each case, that in the dike one or more intermediate screens participate, also based on hollow cylinders, which as in the previous case will be later filled, conveniently fixed and braced together, being all these intermediate screens, too "transparent" to allow the passage of water through it and, more specifically, to determine a phased absorption of efforts due to waves.

Description of the drawings

To complement the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization of it, is accompanied as part member of that description, a set of drawings where with illustrative and non-limiting nature, what has been represented next:

Figure 1 shows a representation perspective schematic of a breakwater dike made of according to the object of the present invention, for its part sea.

Figure 2.- Shows the same breakwater dike of the previous figure, also according to a perspective view, but opposed to that of the previous figure, that is to say on the side trasdos.

Figures 3 and 4.- Show respectively similar representations to those of figures 1 and 2, corresponding to a variant embodiment of the dike in which this incorporates an intermediate screen and which also appears a top forging of closing for said dike.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

In view of the figures outlined and especially from figures 1 and 2, it can be seen as the dike breakwater that the invention proposes is structured from two parallel screens (1) and (2), modular, each of them structured based on a plurality of cylindrical tubes (3), plus lengths on the screen (1) corresponding to the outer face of the dam.

The tubes (3), within each module of each screen (1-2), they are laterally supported each other, with the particularity in addition to the tubes (3) corresponding to the inner screen (1) determine a barrier continuous, which normally prevents the passage of water through it, while the tubes (3) of the outer screen (2) are substantially separated, defining between them openings (4) that allow the passage of water so that the efforts due to the waves are distributed between both screens (1) and (2), absorbing preferably the outer screen (2) 50% of said efforts, while the other 50% is absorbed by the screen interior (1).

The said cylinders (3) are fixed to the bottom sailor (5) by means of respective piles, when said bottom is little competent, while if said fund is competent such piles may be unnecessary with the consequent lowering of the building.

The outer screen (2) is braced to the interior screen (1), specifically using horizontal braces or oblique (6) located in its extreme areas, braces (6) that are assemble once the cylinders (3) have been properly piloted, to conveniently absorb possible variations between the distance between screens (1-2).

As Figures 3 and 4 show, there is the possibility of one or more screens participating in the dike intermediate (7), with its cylinders (3) braced to the screens interior (1) and exterior (2), as well as that the upper end of the cylinders (3) carry out with the collaboration of the slab itself (9) that ends superiorly the breakwater dike, stabilized in turn by superior cartels (10) conveniently in solidarity with the corresponding end of the cylinders (3), or by any other means deemed appropriate.

Returning again to the representation of Figures 1 and 2, the distance between the parallel screens (1) and (2) will preferably be L / 7, where L is the wavelength Calculation

The structure of the dike will be subject to many cases to the thrust of the stuffing of the trasdos, since a large part of the dykes may be trasdosados.

It will also be subject to subpressions, but in In this case, the surfaces of the screeds are very small, which It constitutes one of the great functional advantages of the dike.

The structure will logically be subject to wave actions, which in this type of dike are more complex than in traditional dikes, since there are four situations extreme: that the crest be placed on the anterior wall of the cylinders, do it on the back wall of them, than the sinus is located in the anterior wall or the sinus is located in the space between both walls or screens. In this sense the upper braces (6) can be calculated under compression and the lower tensile, or according to any other criteria constructive.

Claims (6)

1. Breakwater dike, characterized by being constituted by at least two screens (1) and (2), of modular structure, based on a plurality of hollow cylinders, conveniently fixed together within each screen, with the special feature that the cylinders (3) corresponding to the outer screen (2) are spaced apart from each other determining openings (4) that allow the passage of water to the inner screen (1), which will preferably be closed, in order to distribute the wave forces between the two screens (1) and (2), preferably 50%. 2. Breakwater dike, according to claim 1, characterized in that said cylinders have a diameter between 4.5 and 6.5 meters. 3. Breakwater dike, according to previous claims, characterized in that the cylinders (3) of the inner screen (1) are braced to the cylinders (3) of the outer screen (2), by means of braces (6) located in the extreme areas of such cylinders, such braces (6) being able to adopt a horizontal arrangement or an oblique arrangement. 4. Breakwater dike, according to previous claims, characterized in that optionally between the inner screen (1) and the outer screen (2) one or more intermediate screens (7) are established, also based on hollow cylinders, determining between them of openings that allow the stepped passage of water, to distribute evenly the stresses of the waves between all the integral screens of the dike. 5. Breakwater dike, according to previous claims, characterized in that the braces (6), which can be calculated interchangeably to work in tension or compression, are replaceable, specifically the upper ones, by the slab (9) that top ends the dike, conveniently fixed to the upper end of the different columns (3) that participate in the screens (1-2-7). 6. Breakwater dike, according to previous claims, characterized in that each cylinder (3) is fixed to the sea floor (5) by piles, when the terrain is not very competent, while in competent terrain said piles are unnecessary, the cylinders being stabilized by the layer of gravel of enrase.