ES2228158T3 - PALLET PROVIDED WITH A MOBILE FUND FOR STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF GOODS. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pallet (10) for carrying and transporting loads which comprises a roll-back base (18). The pallet (10) can be made of two longitudinal members (12) which are joined by several cross-bars (14), the roll-back base (18) being guided on a closed, endless belt parallel to the longitudinal members (12) on deflection rollers (16, 17) situated parallel to the cross-bars (14). The pallet (10) can be configured such that it can move on rollers (26). A driving roller (28) for the roll-back base (18) can be brought directly or indirectly into driving contact with the ground. The driving roller (28) is driven by the rollers (26) via a clutch (56, 58) which can engaged and disengaged. The drive for the roll-back base (18) comprises a free-wheel so that the base (18) is moved by the driving roller (28) only when reversing. When the pallet (10) is reversed the drive moves the roll-back base (18) forward at the same speed so that the base (18) remains immobile in relation to the ground.

Description

Paddle provided with a mobile fund for Storage and transport of goods.

The invention relates to a pallet for the transport and storage of loads, with a rolling bottom.

By patent US-A-1,818,289 a pallet is known with a rolling bottom, the rolling bottom being formed by a multitude of rollers arranged parallel to each other in a plane. For unload the pallet, it is tilted so that the loads roll out of the pallet by the force of gravity.

By patent DE-A-40 36 702 a known mobile container and a mobile pallet featuring wheels of retractable displacement.

By patent DE-A-39 30 626 a truck is known With mobile loading platform. The loading platform is formed by an endless loading belt, which by the ends of the platform of load passes over some rewind rollers. To obtain optimal use of cargo space for total height specified vehicle, the loading belt is composed of several partial longitudinal belts and each chassis beam penetrates with its section profile in the space between two sections of tape partial longitudinal load.

By patent DE-U-94 02 204 a known horizontal conveyor in which a series of pallets on roller chains, on an endless band. In the preparation stations, charging stations and stations unloading, the pallets are retained by ratchets of blocking. If the locking ratchets are released, the pallets are dragged by friction by roller chains. Pallets they present in their lower face some runners that support against the underside of the roller chains and which are sized such that its extreme surfaces touch the rollers of the chains in the area of the forwarding wheels of the chains of rollers, so that the movement of the roller chains is They transmit to the pallets with a friction coupling.

By patent US-A-2,432,182 a pallet is known for transport and rational unloading of loads. The bottom of the pallet It is formed by a multitude of rollers that extend in almost the entire width of the pallet, and that are attached in a frame rectangular. The pallet rests on lateral profiles, of so that a forklift can pick up the pallet to lift it. The pallet is lifted by the truck forks, whose fork arms are equipped with the corresponding multitude of rollers. Pallet rollers and forklift rollers have respectively the same diameter and are arranged forming the same weft, so that the pallet rollers are located respectively between every two rollers of the forklift. The wheelbarrow of Forks deposit the pallet in an unloading position and it withdraw Then the forklift rollers roll on the ground and transmit their turning motion to the rollers of the pallet, so that the load placed on the pallet rolls out of the pallet. This rolling movement is exactly opposite to the removal movement of the forklift and pallet, so that the load retains its position while rolling out of the pallet

To load and unload large machines on and Freight cranes are often needed from a truck. But especially to download this kind of machines in the Recipient often can not use lifting cranes, for example, because the height of the doors or the roofs of the Factory ships is too low. If other means are used to download the machine there is often a risk that the Machines suffer damage.

Another problem is that for the loading of Commissioned merchandise takes a long time.

The invention is based on the problem of creating a pallet that can be used in numerous ways and that can be used download especially easily.

In accordance with the invention this objective is resolves by the fact that the rolling bottom is guided on a continuous band closed, and because the rolling bottom is driven by a drive roller that can be brought into contact with direct or indirect drive with the ground.

Due to the fact that the bottom is rolling, you can unload heavy machines or commissioned goods so that the pallet is removed from under the machine or merchandise commissioned The pallet is carried by a forklift charged to the installation site. To do this the truck of Forks can penetrate with their fork in some channels special planned for the purpose at the rear end of the pallet by The bottom face. At the installation site, the truck forks then slightly raise the rear end of the pallet, and it is removed, so that the machine, the commissioned merchandise or another load slowly slides out of the pallet over the rolling bottom.

The pallet can be formed by two stringers linked together by several crossbars, for which the rolling bottom moves on a continuous closed band, parallel to the stringers, around guide rollers that are located in the front end and at the rear end of the pallet, parallel to The crossbars. The upper section of the recirculating rolling bottom that supports the load can rest on a support plate, so that the machine or other merchandise rests on the surface flat.

The pallet can be movable on rollers for heavy load. They will conveniently be provided at the end front of the pallet rigid rollers for heavy load, and in the rear end adjustable rollers for heavy load.

The pallet can also present only the Rigid rollers for heavy load at the front end. In that case, on the back end of the pallet and on its lower face is arranged a rotating bench that carries a gallery of housing within which the arms of can penetrate fork of a forklift in order to lift the rear end and move the pallet.

Pallets for lighter loads do not have to present any roller, since these can be lifted in their all for a forklift.

The rolling bottom can be driven by a hydraulic motor or by an electric motor, powered from the hydraulic system or from the battery of the truck Forks.

The pallet can also have a roller rolling bottom drive, which can be contacted of operation with the ground or other type of ground. During the removed, the movement of the pallet can be converted in this way with a 1: 1 ratio in a rolling movement in the opposite direction of the rolling bottom, so that the machine or other load does not vary its position when removing the pallet and can be positioned exactly. For this, it is preferably arranged at the ends of the pallet. a drive roller that when lifting the other end of the Pallet can be brought into contact with the ground. The drive rollers can also be driven by means of a reducer or a drive chain from the rigid rollers to heavy load on the front end of the pallet. Between the rollers of drive and rollers for heavy load is provided conveniently a detachable coupling.

According to the same procedure you can load or unload a machine or other merchandise in a truck by means of a loading ramp.

For heavy loads, the rolling bottom is composed of a band of chains. For lighter loads enough with which the rolling bottom is made as a plastic band.

A "box" can be fixed on the pallet black ", which constantly records environmental conditions at those that the pallet is exposed during transport. Is especially convenient to continuously record the shaking and the temperature conditions. In the event that the merchandise it is damaged or damaged, it can therefore be determined after cause of the damage of the merchandise or the putrition of the commodity.

The pallet object of the invention also allows previous preparation of small pieces and packaging units small, regardless of the charging time itself. Small pieces and small packing units are placed in the warehouse ship on a single pallet, being limited the pallet dimensions only for the dimensions of the Truck loading platform. When the truck arrives, the pallet with the merchandise already finished preparing above the loading ramp inside the truck. The pallet can remain in the truck to take the merchandise to the destination on the pallet, to the ship or to another place where the commodity. For unloading, the pallet is lifted again by a forklift at its rear end, so that the drive roller contacts the ground, or the coupling between the heavy load rollers is clutch and the drive rollers and then the pallet is removed, so that the merchandise that is placed on the rolling bottom It can be downloaded from the pallet. In the same way you can deposit the merchandise also in the truck, lifting the rear end of the pallet and removing the pallet, if you are not expected to travel also the pallet.

It can therefore save warehouse personnel for peak hours and the development of cargo work you can distribute in time. The preparation of the goods can be carried out 24 hours a day and with a small number of staff permanent. In this way the causes of charges are also counteracted wrong and wrong.

In the case of fruits, vegetables and others food products and mature products, using the object pallet of the invention it is possible to keep stocks in warehouse already prepared since the goods can be placed on The pallet in the warehouse at any time. Upon arrival of the truck planned for transport to the customer or recipient, you can immediately push the pallet in question into the truck. Also in this case you can load the merchandise immediately from the pallet to the truck or the goods can be transported over the pallet itself in the truck, unloading it after the pallet in the destination place. The pallet can be sent in principle too using a Pool system, thus taking advantage of A simpler download at the destination.

For bulky merchandise and merchandise that they need special handling, for example cars and trucks, individual versions of the pallet that are the object of the invention, for example with a superstructure similar to a container. With such a superstructure, the pallet can be locked up, being also suitable as a container for merchandise subject to customs, and for faster and safer shipping of goods subject to customs.

Some examples of embodiment of the invention They are described below in greater detail using the He drew. The figures show:

Figure 1 a pallet according to a first example of realization, in a side view,

Figure 2 the pallet of Figure 1, seen in plant,

Figure 3 the pallet of Figure 1, in a view from the front,

Figure 4 a pallet according to a second example of realization, seen above,

Figure 5 a detail of Figure 4, with the coupling for drive rollers,

Figure 6 the pallet of Figure 4 in a view side,

Figure 7 a detail of Figure 6 with the steering stand at the rear end of the pallet,

Figure 8 a detail of Figure 6, with the front end of the pallet,

Figure 9 a detail of a pallet according to a third embodiment example, seen above and

Figure 10 the detail of Figure 9, in a view side.

Figures 1 to 3 show a first example of realization of a pallet according to the invention 10. The pallet has two lateral stringers 12 that are joined together by several crossbars 14, so that a rectangular frame is formed. At front end and at the rear end of pallet 10 are supported by transfer rollers 16, 17, in front of the crossbar more anterior or after the most posterior transom 14, and parallel to these rear crossbars 14. Above the rollers of forwarding 16, 17 an endless chain band 18 is conducted as a background , which covers the entire width between the stringers 12. On the crossbars 14 a support plate 20 is fixed on which it rests the upper section of the chain of chains 18. The lower section goes driven by guide rollers 22. On the two side edges of the band of chains 18 are respectively fixed each chain of drive 24. Pallet 10 rolls on the rollers for loading heavy 26 that are provided on the underside of the stringers

At the front end of the stringers 12 goes supported respectively a drive roller 28, which is coupled with a gear that meshes with the drive chain 24. The gear can also be directly coupled in a side of the drive roller 28 in the form of a crown gear. Normally the drive roller 28 has no contact with the ground, since it is located somewhat higher than the load rollers heavy 26. Only if the rear end is slightly raised from the pallet 10 the contact of the drive roller 28 occurs with the ground, and it rotates if the pallet is moved. This movement it is transmitted to chain band 18, but in the opposite direction, already that the gear engages the outer face of the face of drive 24. The chain band 18 is therefore seemingly motionless on the site.

According to the needs of the application you can provide for a freewheel coupling, so that the belt of chain 18 is only activated during the removal of pallet 10, and specifically in the forward direction. You can also provide a coupling through which the gear can be clutch and disengage with drive roller 28.

To be able to move pallet 10 with a forklift, the two rear crossbars 14 'and 14' ' they have 30 galleries, which are horizontal holes that they run in the longitudinal direction on the crossbars 14 ', 14' 'and into which the forks of the wheelbarrow. The last crossbar 14 'is rigidly attached to the frame, and its 30 'gallery corresponds to approximately 150% of the width of the fork, and has rounded edges 32. He penultimate crossbar 14 '' is attached to the frame by means of a rotating joint 34 with which it can move horizontally in transverse direction. The 30 '' gallery of this crossbar 14 '' corresponds exactly to the width of the fork of the truck (including the guiding front of the fork of the truck). In vertical direction, the galleries 30 They are sized in such a way that the fork of the truck can pass through them along with the metal hook that will describe later. In the swivel joint 34 are heavy-duty rollers arranged on each side of pallet 10 26 ', which in this way can be oriented through articulation swivel 34. By rotating the fork of the truck you can therefore steer the heavy-duty adjustable rollers 26 ', so that the pallet can be moved and directed by a forklift.

At the rear end of the pallet it is articulated an access ramp 36, which by means of a lever (which is not represented) is lowered for loading and can be lifted for transport.

The leading edge of the support plate 20 is somewhat delayed and chain band 18 travels from there by on top of a guide roller 38 forming a low inclination angle, down, towards the front forwarding roller 16, which consequently it is located somewhat lower than the roller rear forwarding 17. In front of the forwarding roller 16, the inclination of the chain band 18 continues with a short ramp 40 to a little above ground.

In the corners of the frame are provided some small metal rollers in an upright position (which are not represented), to roll better along the side walls in the truck.

On the frame composed of the stringers 12 and a cross member 14 can be mounted. To do this fix the side walls 42 by means of guide pins connected in holes 44 in the stringers 12. The side walls 42 are stabilize on the anterior and posterior sides by means of crossbars (not shown). Side walls 42 are made of aluminum or sheet, which offers little resistance (ease of sliding). They can complement each other on the faces front and rear with swing doors with lock.

The pallet 10 object of the invention serves to facilitate loading and unloading and to save time in transportation and for the preparation of merchandise. Pallet 10 can be loaded in warehouse using a forklift, a lift or a wheelbarrow, in the usual way. Pluggable side walls 42 Aluminum or sheet metal can be used to stack the goods up to the height of the truck, especially when it comes to parcel Small or grouped load. For this it is indifferent that pallet 10 only partially charged because it is quantities minors

The load development is as follows: forklift approaches pallet 10 using a hook metal specially placed on the fork protruding towards above. Using the lever, the access ramp is folded up 36. The forklift introduces the forks into the 30 galleries planned for this purpose until the end. Due to the axis of direction of heavy load rollers 26 'and to the mobile crossbar 14 '' pallet 10 can be maneuvered by means of the truck forks, to push it into the truck. By rollers Metals placed vertically at the corners of the pallet 10 less resistance is ensured when put inside. At If the pallet does not go in the truck to the destination, the forklift lifts pallet 10 slightly and it pull back out of the truck. When you raise it, the connection between the drive roller gear 28 which now rotates back and drive chains 24 located in the sides of the chain tape 18, so that the chain tape 18 wheel, due to the force acting in the opposite direction to that of the forward, leaving in the opposite direction and depositing the goods placed on top of the truck in a 1: 1 ratio. Now I know you can put the empty pallet 10 back in its original place to be used again

If pallet 10 travels with the truck to the place of destination, then the forklift does not lift the pallet 10 but simply withdraws back, so that the fork is removed from galleries 30 and pallet 10 is deposited on the loading platform of the truck. At the destination, the pallet 10 is taken out of the truck using a wheelbarrow forks, for which the forklift carries in the front end of the fork the protruding metal hook upwards, entering with the fork in galleries 30 of so that the metal hook grabs behind the last crossbar 14 '. Eventually a coupling between the rollers is disengaged drive 28 and chain belt 18, to prevent the merchandise slips out of pallet 10 when removing pallet 10. The pallet 10 is thus taken to the warehouse, where when lifting and pulling towards back pallet 10 can be unloaded, clutching for it previously the clutch.

There is also the possibility of riding on the rear end of pallet 10, for example, on the crossbar rear 14 'a movable hook or other coupling device, of permanent way, that hooks or fits for example on the plate Vertical forklift. In this variant it is not the forklift must be equipped at the end front of the fork with the hook, so that in that case the pallet 10 can be maneuvered with any forklift commercial.

It also fits an embodiment without chain drive and drive roller. To download it hold the machine or other merchandise at a point outside the pallet, and the pallet is pulled back so that the machine u other merchandise is deposited on the ground from the band of rolling chain and above the ramp.

It is also possible to load with a crane, in whose case the complete pallet is moved by the crane using the rings fixed on the stringers.

Figures 4 to 8 show a second example of realization of the pallet object of the invention. The second example of realization corresponds essentially to the first example of realization. There are the following differences:

There are no rear steering rollers. Instead of them is provided at the rear end of pallet 10 a steering stand 50 consisting of a rotating crown 52 and a gallery 54. Gallery 54 is sized in such a way that the forklift can penetrate inside with fork arms, then raising the rear end of pallet 10 and pushing pallet 10 forward or pulling it backward. Due to the articulated joint established by the steering stand 50 can be directed at the same time the pallet 10.

At the front end of pallet 10 the roller of drive 28 is driven by heavy load rollers 26 by means of gears 56, 58. Drive chain 24 transmits the rotation from the drive roller 28 to the roller Forwarding 16. The drive joint between the roller drive 28 and heavy duty rollers 26 can be clutch through a toothed coupling, so that you can Release the drive connection. To couple and decouple, the gear 56 located on the axle of heavy duty rollers 26 travels by means of a control cable 60 and a lever 62. A gear element is also integrated in the coupling free, which is not represented in detail, so that in state coupled the pallet 10 can also be pushed forward without the rotation of the heavy load rollers 26 on the chain or plastic band 18.

Chain band 18 is subdivided into three bands of equal width. Vertical metal rollers 64 located at the corners of the pallet can be seen in figure 5.

The discharge ramp 40 at the front end of pallet 10 is made as a trapdoor lifted by a spring. By means of a spring, which is not represented in detail, the discharge ramp 40 is folded up in idle state. During the discharge, the discharge ramp 40 is folded down, thus saving the step at the front end of pallet 10, allowing the load to roll for unloading without abruptness.

Figures 9 and 10 show a third example of realization. In this, the chain or plastic band 18 is not driven by heavy duty rollers 26 but by a electric or hydraulic motor 70, which is fed through a driving that is not represented from the battery or from the forklift hydraulic system. The motor electric or hydraulic 70 can also be fed from another power source or have your own power supply, for example accumulators, for the drive of the band of chains or plastic 18.

List of reference signs

10 Pallet 12 Crossbar 14 Crossbars 16, 17 Forwarding rollers 18 Band of chain twenty License plate support 22 Rollers guide 24 Chain of drive 26 Loading rollers heavy 28 Rollers drive 30 Galleries 32 Borders 3. 4 Joint rotation 36 Ramp of access 38 Roller guide 40 Ramp 42 Walls lateral 44 Holes for plug fifty Easel address 52 Crown swivel 54 Gallery 56, 58 Gear 60 Cable I send 62 Lever 64 Rollers vertical 70 Electric motor or hydraulic

Claims (9)

1. Pallet (10) for supporting and transporting loads with a rolling bottom (18), characterized in that the rolling bottom (18) is guided on a closed continuous web and because the rolling bottom (18) is driven by a drive roller ( 28) which can be brought into direct or indirect contact with the ground. 2. Pallet (10) according to claim 1, characterized by two stringers (12) that are joined by several crossbars (14), the rolling bottom (18) being guided on a closed endless band in a direction parallel to the stringers (12) around some transfer rollers (16, 17) that are located parallel to the crossbars (14). 3. Pallet (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a support plate (20) on which the rolling bottom area (18) rests on which the loads can be placed. 4. Pallet (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pallet (10) can be moved on rollers (26). 5. Pallet (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the drive roller (28) is disposed at one end of the pallet (10) and can contact drive to the lift the other end of the pallet (10). 6. Pallet (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the drive roller (28) is driven by the rollers (26) through a clutch and detachable coupling (56, 58). 7. Pallet (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the rear end of the pallet (10) there is a gallery (30, 54) into which can enter the forks of a fork - to displace the pallet (10). 8. Pallet (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive for the rolling bottom (18) has a freewheel so that the bottom (18) is only moved by the drive roller (28) during travel backward. 9. Pallet (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that by moving the pallet (10) backwards, the rolling bottom (18) moves with the same speed forward by means of the drive, so that the bottom (18) It remains motionless with respect to the ground.