ES2209713T3 - CRUSHING DEVICE FOR MATERIAL TO BE CRUSHED BY CUTTING ACTION, WITH A ROTOR DISPOSED IN A HOUSING. - Google Patents

CRUSHING DEVICE FOR MATERIAL TO BE CRUSHED BY CUTTING ACTION, WITH A ROTOR DISPOSED IN A HOUSING.

Info

Publication number
ES2209713T3
ES2209713T3 ES00108538T ES00108538T ES2209713T3 ES 2209713 T3 ES2209713 T3 ES 2209713T3 ES 00108538 T ES00108538 T ES 00108538T ES 00108538 T ES00108538 T ES 00108538T ES 2209713 T3 ES2209713 T3 ES 2209713T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
wall
crushing device
crushed
crushing
rotor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES00108538T
Other languages
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Manfred Lindner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LINDNER-RECYCLINGTECH GmbH
LINDNER RECYCLINGTECH GmbH
Original Assignee
LINDNER-RECYCLINGTECH GmbH
LINDNER RECYCLINGTECH GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=26062463&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=ES2209713(T3) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE29907584U external-priority patent/DE29907584U1/en
Priority claimed from DE29915606U external-priority patent/DE29915606U1/en
Application filed by LINDNER-RECYCLINGTECH GmbH, LINDNER RECYCLINGTECH GmbH filed Critical LINDNER-RECYCLINGTECH GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2209713T3 publication Critical patent/ES2209713T3/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/04—Safety devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/145—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with knives spaced axially and circumferentially on the periphery of a cylindrical rotor unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2216—Discharge means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2225—Feed means
    • B02C18/2233—Feed means of ram or pusher type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2225—Feed means
    • B02C18/2275—Feed means using a rotating arm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C2018/188—Stationary counter-knives; Mountings thereof

Abstract

Higher shredding efficiency is effected by a sickle-shaped pressure applicator(6) moving against an arc shaped pressure wall and pressing the material to be shredded towards the rotor and counter knives(2). Preferred Features: The pressure wall(5) has an outward swivelling flap in the lower area forming a housing wall(5a) which enables removal of non-shreddable material. The flap has similar curvature to the pressure wall and is mechanically-hydraulicall operated.

Description

Dispositivo de trituración para material a triturar mediante acción cortadora, con un rotor dispuesto en una carcasa.Crushing device for material a crush by cutting action, with a rotor arranged in a Case.

El presente invento se refiere a un dispositivo de trituración, también llamado "shredder" (trituradora), para material a triturar mediante acción cortadora, en especial, para virutas de madera y materiales con contenidos de plástico y celulosa, en el cual se ha dispuesto un rotor provisto de útiles de trituración, en especial, cuchillas.The present invention relates to a device crushing, also called "shredder" (crusher), for material to be crushed by cutting action, especially for wood shavings and materials with plastic contents and cellulose, in which a rotor provided with tools of crushing, especially blades.

Tales dispositivos de trituración, que son especialmente apropiados para triturar y, dado el caso, reciclar desechos, en especial, desechos de madera, fragmentos de restos de maderas, material de plástico y material con contenido en celulosa, textiles, alfombras e incluso neumáticos de caucho, se conocen en el estado actual de la técnica.Such crushing devices, which are especially suitable for crushing and, if necessary, recycling waste, especially wood waste, fragments of debris from wood, plastic material and cellulose content material, textiles, carpets and even rubber tires, are known in the Current state of the art.

Se le plantea ahora al presente invento el problema de mejorar el conocido dispositivo triturador de modo que el material suelto caiga espontáneamente al lugar de corte y que las cuchillas de corte estén siempre atacando el material.The present invention is now presented with the problem of improving the known shredder device so that the loose material falls spontaneously to the cutting place and that the Cutting blades are always attacking the material.

Para el futuro próximo del estado de la técnica, se puede mencionar la solicitud de patente europea con número de publicación 0805382 A1, que describe un dispositivo para triturar desechos, en especial, desechos de madera, en el que un rotor provisto de útiles de corte está apoyado horizontalmente en una carcasa y habiéndose previsto una tolva de carga por encima del rotor, pudiéndose abastecer el producto a triturar al rotor mediante un dispositivo de empuje que actúa transversalmente al eje del rotor. Además, se ha curvado una placa 28 de fondo de la tolva de carga a lo largo de una superficie lateral del cilindro. Por el contrario, el dispositivo de trituración presenta, según el presente invento, una pared presionante arqueada, que trae consigo sorprendentes ventajas en múltiples aspectos.For the near future of the state of the art, the European patent application with number of publication 0805382 A1, which describes a device for crushing waste, especially wood waste, in which a rotor provided with cutting tools is supported horizontally in a housing and with a loading hopper provided above the rotor, being able to supply the product to be crushed to the rotor by a pushing device that acts transversely to the axis of the rotor. In addition, a bottom plate 28 of the hopper has been curved load along a lateral surface of the cylinder. For him otherwise, the crushing device has, according to the present invention, an arched pressing wall, which brings with it Amazing advantages in multiple aspects.

El problema mencionado arriba se resuelve, pues, según el invento en un dispositivo de trituración del género mencionado al principio, de modo que se disponga en una pared presionante arqueada un pistón en forma de hoz para el material a triturar, que empuje o bien presione dicho material hacia el rotor o bien hacia la cuchilla fija, discurriendo la superficie de la pared presionante básicamente de forma vertical por su extremo superior.The problem mentioned above is solved, then, according to the invention in a crushing device of the genre mentioned at the beginning, so that it is arranged on a wall arched pressing a sickle-shaped piston for material a crush, push or press said material towards the rotor or well towards the fixed blade, running the surface of the wall pressing basically vertically at its end higher.

Según una forma de realización preferida, la pared presionante presenta preferiblemente, por su región extrema inferior, un dispositivo abatible en forma de pared de carcasa basculante. Este dispositivo abatible se acciona preferiblemente de forma mecánico-hidráulica. Este dispositivo abatible provoca de modo perfeccionado que los cuerpos extraños, que no se pueden triturar, se puedan extraer en el caso de bloqueo del rotor.According to a preferred embodiment, the pressing wall preferably has, due to its extreme region bottom, a folding device in the form of a casing wall tilting This folding device is preferably operated from mechanical-hydraulic form This flip device causes in a perfected way that foreign bodies, which they can be crushed, they can be extracted in the case of blockage of the rotor.

En los dispositivos de trituración según el estado actual de la técnica, se debían vaciar la tolva o bien la cámara de llenado en situaciones análogas, debiendo entrar una persona de servicio a la cámara, lo que era, como ha mostrado la práctica, muy problemático e iba unido a un grave peligro de accidentes.In crushing devices according to current state of the art, the hopper or the filling chamber in analogous situations, having to enter a camera service person, what it was, as the practical, very problematic and was linked to a serious danger of accidents

El fundamento del presente invento se ha de entender junto con el dibujo 1 (=figura 1) adjunto.The basis of the present invention must be understand together with drawing 1 (= figure 1) attached.

Se ha indentificado con la referencia 1 numérica el rotor de cuchillas; con la 2, una cuchilla fija ajustable; con la 3, una cuchilla ajustable; con la 4, una plancha; con la 5, una pared presionante arqueada; con la 5a, un dispositivo abatible arqueado en forma de pared de carcasa basculable; con la 6, un pistón presionante en forma de hoz; con la 7, una cámara de llenado; y con la 8, una boca de descarga para el material triturado. Con la referencia 5b, se ha identificado la pared antagónica. En la figura 1, se representa, a modo de ejemplo, una realización preferida del presente invento.It has been identified with reference number 1 the blade rotor; with the 2, an adjustable fixed blade; with the 3, an adjustable blade; with 4, an iron; with 5, one arched pressing wall; with the 5th, a folding device arc-shaped tilting casing wall; with the 6, a sickle-shaped pressing piston; with 7, a filling chamber; and with 8, a discharge mouth for the crushed material. With the reference 5b, the antagonistic wall has been identified. In the figure 1, by way of example, a preferred embodiment of the present invention

Se describirá a continuación una forma de realización preferida.A form of preferred embodiment

En tales máquinas trituradoras con un rotor suficientemente grande, también se pueden suministrar a la cámara de trituración materiales, que se presenten en forma de fardos, por ejemplo, fardos textiles. Es evidente que el material, que se presenta en forma de fardos, necesita sensiblemente menos espacio para el acarreo y el almacenamiento que el material, que se presenta de forma suelta, aunque adolece del inconveniente de que contiene diversos cuerpos extraños, que no se pueden triturar y que no se pueden detectar durante la carga del material en fardos en máquina trituradora.In such crushing machines with a rotor large enough, they can also be supplied to the camera crushing materials, which are presented in the form of bales, by example, textile bales. It is clear that the material, which presents in the form of bales, needs significantly less space for hauling and storage that material, which is presented loose, although it suffers from the inconvenience of containing various foreign bodies, which cannot be crushed and which are not can detect when loading material in machine bales crusher.

Los inconvenientes de este estado actual de la técnica se evitan mediante el presente invento, consiguiéndose ventajas, que se describirán más delante.The drawbacks of this current state of the technique are avoided by the present invention, achieving advantages, which will be described later.

El material en fardos y naturalmente, dado el caso, el material a triturar que no se presenta en forma de fardos llega espontáneamente al proceso de corte y se tritura. Al mismo tiempo, las piezas resistentes y voluminosas se reagrupan, por cambio del sentido de giro, y asimismo se continúan triturando en el lado opuesto de la máquina trituradora.The material in bales and naturally, given the case, the material to be crushed that does not come in the form of bales spontaneously arrives at the cutting process and is crushed. The same time, the bulky and resistant parts regroup, by change of direction of rotation, and also continue crushing in the opposite side of the crushing machine.

Además, una criba incorporada, a la que se le puede cambiar la luz de la malla, garantiza un producto triturado, por ejemplo, un granulado de tamaño definido.In addition, a built-in screen, which is You can change the mesh light, guarantee a crushed product, for example, a granulate of defined size.

Aunque en la práctica, como ya se ha manifestado arriba, es inevitable que en material suministrado y, en especial, en material suministrado en forma de fardos, se contengan diversos cuerpos extraños no triturables, que sólo se puede extraer trabajosamente, en las máquinas trituradoras del estado actual de la técnica, por vaciado de toda la cámara de trituración.Although in practice, as already stated above, it is inevitable that in material supplied and, especially, in material supplied in the form of bales, various foreign bodies not crushable, which can only be removed laboriously, in the crushing machines of the current state of the technique, by emptying the entire crushing chamber.

En la máquina trituradora según el invento, se puede, en comparación con ello, abatir la pared lateral con alojamiento de cuchilla fija al alcanzar un par máximo determinado, en especial, un par de presión, de modo que se pueda separar favorablemente el cuerpo extraño.In the crushing machine according to the invention, can, in comparison with this, lower the side wall with fixed blade housing when reaching a certain maximum torque, especially a couple of pressure, so that it can be separated favorably the foreign body.

El ajuste de ese par puede tener lugar ya sea hidráulica o mecánicamente. Gracias a ello, se consigue una forma de trabajo segura y rápida durante la operación.The adjustment of that pair can take place either hydraulically or mechanically. Thanks to this, you get a way to Safe and fast work during operation.

A base de las figuras 1a-3a discrecionales, se explica además una forma de realización preferida a modo de ejemplo.Based on figures 1a-3a discretionary, a preferred embodiment is also explained as an example.

Las piezas constructivas iguales se indican en todas las figuras con las mismas referencias numéricas.The same construction pieces are indicated in All figures with the same numerical references.

La figura 1a muestra una sección perpendicular a través del objeto del invento.Figure 1a shows a section perpendicular to through the object of the invention.

El rotor se identifica con la referencia 1a numérica, rotor que lleva en su superficie la cuchilla 2a de corte.The rotor is identified with reference 1a numerical, rotor that carries on its surface the blade 2a of cut.

Se identifican los dos sentidos de giro del rotor con las referencias 1a' y 1b' numéricas.The two directions of rotation of the rotor are identified with numerical references 1a 'and 1b'.

La referencia 3a numérica es una pieza de sujeción, 4a es un tornillo de fijación y apriete, 5a es pared basculante, 6a es una cuchilla fija superior dispuesta en el extremo inferior de la pared 5a basculante, y 7a es la correspondiente cuchilla fija inferior.The 3rd numerical reference is a piece of clamping, 4th is a fixing and tightening screw, 5th is wall tilting, 6a is a fixed upper blade arranged at the end bottom of the wall 5a tilting, and 7a is the corresponding fixed lower blade.

Con la referencia 8a numérica, se identifica el dispositivo de disparo, que provoca el basculamiento de la pared basculante.With reference number 8a, the trigger device, which causes the wall to tilt tilting

Con la referencia 9a numérica, se identifica un cilindro con carga elástica previa, que colabora con el dispositivo de disparo de modo que, tras el correspondiente ajuste previo, acciona un par máximo del dispositivo de disparo de modo que provoque éste el basculamiento de la pared basculante por medio de una disposición 12a telescópica, por ejemplo, accionada elástica o hidráulicamente.With numerical reference 9a, a cylinder with previous elastic load, which collaborates with the device trigger so that, after the corresponding pre-setting, drives a maximum torque of the firing device so that this causes the tilting of the tilting wall by means of a telescopic arrangement 12a, for example, elastic actuated or hydraulically

Con la referencia 10a numérica, se identifica la zona de carga de material y con 11a, la zona de descarga del material.With the 10th reference number, the material loading zone and with 11a, the discharge zone of the material.

En la figura 2a, se representa el principio de la presente forma de realización preferida del invento. La figura 2a muestra también una sección perpendicular de la máquina trituradora según el invento.In figure 2a, the principle of present preferred embodiment of the invention. Figure 2a it also shows a perpendicular section of the crushing machine according to the invention.

La figura 3a muestra asimismo una sección perpendicular de la máquina trituradora en una dirección de observación girada 90º.Figure 3a also shows a section perpendicular to the crushing machine in a direction of 90º rotated observation.

Claims (7)

1. Dispositivo de trituración para material a triturar por acción cortante, en especial, para material de madera, plástico, neumáticos y textiles según el principio de trituración rotativa, con una carcasa, en la que se dispone el rotor (1) y una cuchilla (2) fija, caracterizado porque se dispone un pistón (8) presionador en forma de hoz en una pared (5) presionante arqueada para el material a triturar, que empuja o bien presiona este material hacia el rotor (1) o bien hacia la cuchilla (2) fija, donde la superficie de la pared presionante discurre básicamente de forma vertical por su extremo superior.1. Crushing device for material to be crushed by cutting action, especially for wood, plastic, pneumatic and textile material according to the principle of rotary crushing, with a housing, in which the rotor (1) and a knife are arranged (2) fixed, characterized in that a piston (8) is pressed in the form of a sickle in an arcuate pressing wall (5) for the material to be crushed, which pushes or presses this material towards the rotor (1) or towards the fixed blade (2), where the surface of the pressing wall basically runs vertically at its upper end. 2. Dispositivo de trituración según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la pared (5) presionante arqueada presenta un dispositivo abatible en forma de una pared (5a) de carcasa basculante.2. Crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the arcuate pressing wall (5) has a collapsible device in the form of a tilting housing wall (5a). 3. Dispositivo de trituración según la reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque la pared (5a) de carcasa abatible se dispone en la región inferior de la pared presionante arqueada y presenta el mismo radio de curvatura que la pared presionante.3. Crushing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the collapsible housing wall (5a) is arranged in the lower region of the arcuate pressing wall and has the same radius of curvature as the pressing wall. 4. Dispositivo de trituración según una de las reivindicaciones 2 a 3, caracterizado porque el dispositivo (5a) abatible se puede accionar de modo mecánico-hidráulico.4. Crushing device according to one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the folding device (5a) can be operated mechanically-hydraulically. 5. Dispositivo de trituración según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, caracterizado porque, al menos, una pared (5a) lateral se ha configurado de forma abatible como pared abatible.5. Crushing device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one side wall (5a) has been foldably configured as a collapsible wall. 6. Dispositivo de trituración según la reivindicación 5, caracterizado porque se han dispuesto una cuchilla (6a) fija superior y una cuchilla (7a) fija inferior en la pared (5a) abatible.6. Crushing device according to claim 5, characterized in that an upper fixed blade (6a) and a lower fixed blade (7a) are arranged in the folding wall (5a). 7. Dispositivo De trituración según una de las reivindicaciones 5 a 6, caracterizado porque se han dispuesto elementos de medición, que provocan el basculamiento de la pared (5a) abatible y, por consiguiente, una separación de cuerpos extraños no triturables.7. Crushing device according to one of claims 5 to 6, characterized in that measuring elements have been arranged, which cause the tilting of the collapsible wall (5a) and, consequently, a separation of non-crushable foreign bodies.
ES00108538T 1999-04-29 2000-04-19 CRUSHING DEVICE FOR MATERIAL TO BE CRUSHED BY CUTTING ACTION, WITH A ROTOR DISPOSED IN A HOUSING. Expired - Lifetime ES2209713T3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29907584U DE29907584U1 (en) 1999-04-29 1999-04-29 Shredding device for material that can be shredded by knife action
DE29907584U 1999-04-29
DE29915606U 1999-09-07
DE29915606U DE29915606U1 (en) 1999-09-07 1999-09-07 Shredding device based on the principle of rotor shredding

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2209713T3 true ES2209713T3 (en) 2004-07-01

Family

ID=26062463

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES00108538T Expired - Lifetime ES2209713T3 (en) 1999-04-29 2000-04-19 CRUSHING DEVICE FOR MATERIAL TO BE CRUSHED BY CUTTING ACTION, WITH A ROTOR DISPOSED IN A HOUSING.

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1050340B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE254506T1 (en)
DE (1) DE50004473D1 (en)
DK (1) DK1050340T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2209713T3 (en)
PT (1) PT1050340E (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10006757C1 (en) 2000-02-15 2001-05-17 Mayfran Int Bv Crushing process for chips or swarf, involving recording rate of alteration of load to detect blocking chips and ejecting these chips
AT10892U1 (en) * 2008-05-02 2009-12-15 Unterwurzacher Patentverwertun CRUSHING DEVICE
DE102017006098B3 (en) * 2017-06-28 2018-12-27 Doppstadt Familienholding Gmbh comminution device
JP7401165B2 (en) 2018-05-23 2023-12-19 ヴァミィヤ マニュファクチャリング カンパニー Crushing machine

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4529134A (en) * 1983-02-03 1985-07-16 Williams Patent Crusher And Pulverizer Company Self-clearing shredding apparatus and method of operation thereof
DE59305760D1 (en) * 1992-11-04 1997-04-17 Lindner Ges M B H Maschf Device for shredding waste
DE29907584U1 (en) * 1999-04-29 1999-07-15 Lindner Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Shredding device for material that can be shredded by knife action
DE29915606U1 (en) * 1999-09-07 1999-12-30 Lindner Maschinenfabrik Gmbh S Shredding device based on the principle of rotor shredding
DE29914056U1 (en) * 1999-08-12 1999-10-07 Avs Inst Shredding device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1050340A1 (en) 2000-11-08
ATE254506T1 (en) 2003-12-15
PT1050340E (en) 2004-04-30
EP1050340B1 (en) 2003-11-19
DK1050340T3 (en) 2004-03-29
DE50004473D1 (en) 2003-12-24

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