ES2208202T3 - PALMILLA DE CALZADO AND USING THE SAME FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A FOOTWEAR. - Google Patents

Abstract

The insole (1) has a top layer (2) which is of smaller area than the middle layer with the upturned edges (4). The bottom of the top layer has a corrugated surface fitting onto a matching surface cut out from the top surface of the middle layer. A set of bars (6), forming a diagonal tread pattern, are adhered to the bottom surface of the middle layer. The area of the tread pattern is smaller than that of the upper layer.

Description

Shoe palm and use of it for the manufacture of footwear.

The invention relates to a shoe palm and to the use of it for the manufacture of footwear, which can be used in combination with one or more templates for adapting footwear to the respective width of the foot of the user, so that one and the same footwear can be adapted according to the thickness of the template in an almost adapted way ideal at different foot widths.

It is known from document DE 196 41 866 A Such a palm.

Such an adaptation is very advantageous. especially in children's shoes, because in shoes children, due to the relatively much smaller circle of customers in relation to adults, there is, on the one hand, a tendency to "unit footwear", that is, to footwear, which are available in the respective size only in a single (average) width of footwear, and because, on the other hand, in children, taking into account that your feet are still developing, it is especially important to have footwear, which are adapted to the width of respective foot, to ensure a healthy development of the foot.

The template according to the invention is also suitable in the same way for adult footwear, and in particular both for street footwear, work shoes, sports shoes and all other types of footwear and also here allows an adaptation of one and the same footwear at different foot widths, the footwear being able to be configured as such very elegant in the exterior appearance, as opposed to the orthopedic footwear used so far, because the template allows the foot to be placed inside the footwear to an unusual depth and provide soles
fine

The present invention has the task especially to make available a palm, which allows the manufacture of footwear that, with a transversal stability Outstanding and excellent longitudinal flexibility of the sole, on the one hand, and with an easy manufacturing cost favorable, rational and relatively uncomplicated, on the other part, one and the same footwear can be adapted to different widths of the foot, without affecting the elegance of the shape of the footwear.

This task is solved according to the invention by through a palm, which comprises:

(TO)

a sole of support, whose lateral limitation (limitation of the support sole) corresponds in the front region of the foot, if necessary also in the middle region of the foot and / or in the heel region, to the contour proper of the shoe palm, that is, the contour outside of the foot;

(B)

a shaped edge wrap that extends upwards (edge of envelope),

(one)

what is planned at least in the front region of the foot, if necessary also in the middle region of the foot and / or in the heel region,

(two)

that extends laterally beyond the limitation of the sole of support for,

(3)

that is united fixedly with the support sole, and

(4)

that is manufactured flexible material, soft with respect to the sole material support;

(C)

a thickening on the front side of the support sole,

(one)

what is planned at least in the front bone region of the foot, if necessary also in the middle region of the foot and / or in the bone region of the heel,

(two)

whose limitation lateral (limitation of thickening) is displaced towards the inside of the sole, with respect to the limitation of the sole of support, to the point that on the bottom side of the palm of footwear, between the limitation of the support sole and the limitation of thickening, a recess of assembled fold is formed; Y

(D)

one or more means for transverse reinforcement and / or for flexibilization longitudinal of the sole of support and / or for thickening, which They are provided at least in the front region of the foot.

Preferably, this shoe palm is configured in such a way that the means for transverse reinforcement and / or for longitudinal flexibilization of the support sole and / or Thickening is a structural sole that extends at least in the forefoot region of hard elastic material of transversely stable and flexible structure longitudinally.

In particular, the structural sole mentioned previously it can have the following characteristics:

(to)

the sole structural extends at least essentially over the entire region front of the foot, preferably over essentially all the sole surface of the foot or over the entire elevation region of the foot;

(b)

the sole structural is configured from a single piece of plate material hard elastic of uniform thickness;

(c)

the sole structural is profiled transversely to the direction longitudinal sole;

(d)

the profiling transverse extends at least over essentially the entire region front of the foot, preferably over essentially all the sole surface or essentially over the entire region of foot lift;

(and)

the material of elastic plate has a transverse profile in the form of notches, stretch marks, ribs, channels, waves, grooves, meanders or similar to meanders, zigzag or shape trapezoidal; Y

(F)

the profiling cross is repeated periodically.

Especially preferred, the sole structural is made of spring steel or one or more flat or planar materials, which are flexible in the direction longitudinal and / or are transversely reinforced in the width.

Within the framework of the present invention are additionally or additionally available other means for transverse reinforcement and / or for flexibilization longitudinal of the sole of support and / or thickening, which they can provide at least in the front region of the foot, if necessary also throughout the foot region, where the indicated means to below characterize preferred embodiments of the invention, but are not indicated, however, so exhaustive:

(to)

Thus, for example, the means for longitudinal flexibilization of the thickening can be incisions in the thickening material, which extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the shoe palm and lend it, for example, a structure of the type of stairs. Especially in this case, but also in other embodiments, it is preferable that the lateral edge of the thickening is configured as a sealing edge that extends continuously around the thickening structure, and it is also preferable that the sealing edge It is manufactured in one piece with the thickening structure and preferably also with the support sole .

(b)

The means for transversal reinforcement and / or for longitudinal flexibilization of the support sole and / or thickening may also be fibers and other longitudinally and / or rigid flexible materials transversely, such as, for example, special graphite fibers or of boron, and / or configurations or conformations of the material, such as, for example, cross ribs.

(c)

The means for transverse reinforcement and / or for longitudinal stabilization of the support sole and / or thickening can also be materials of different Shore hardness, which are arranged adjacent so that they extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the sole.

As regards the correct provision of the means for transverse reinforcement and / or for longitudinal flexibilization, these may be arranged in the front region of the foot and, if necessary, in the middle region of the foot, so that the maximum transverse reinforcement extends with an angle α in the range of 77 ° to 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the sole and / or the flexibility longitudinal extension extends with an angle? from 0º to -13º with respect to the longitudinal direction of the sole, extending this transverse reinforcement interval and / or this interval of longitudinal flexibility preferably from 30% to 60% of the longitudinal direction of the sole (preferably from the tip of the sole).

As regards the back region of the foot or heel region, the means for transverse reinforcement and / or for longitudinal flexibilization can be provided in this interval, so that the maximum transverse reinforcement extends under an angle γ in the range of 90 ° to 103 ° with respect to to the longitudinal direction of the sole and / or flexibility longitudinal extension extends under an angle δ from 0º to 13º with respect to the longitudinal direction of the sole, extending the transverse reinforcement region and / or the flexibility region longitudinal of this type with preference over 20% to 40% of the longitudinal direction of the sole, from the end of the sole. Preferably, the sum of the angles α + γ as well as? + \ delta is 180º, respectively.

It should be noted that the means mentioned are sized so that one of the sides of the angle is rotated from the longitudinal axis of the sole, directed towards in front, and the other side is turned from there to the extent of the angles α, β, γ or δ mentioned clockwise (as shown more forward in combination with the drawing).

According to the size of the footwear and according to the corresponding age of the user, these angles?,?, γ or δ can be modified. So, for example, for a small child is suitable angle α and γ of size from 90º, for shoe sizes from 30 to 32 an angle is convenient α of 86 ° and a γ angle of 94 ° is preferred, while that for shoe sizes 33 to 35 an angle is preferred α of 81 ° and an angle γ of 99 ° and finally for shoe sizes from 36 especially preferred angle α of 77 ° and angle γ of 103 °. The angles β and γ result from the mentioned angles earlier because the direction of longitudinal flexibilization It is perpendicular to the direction of the transverse reinforcement.

In addition, the shoe palm used according to the invention is configured such that the edge of the cover it is provided with means, for example notches or incisions in wedge shape, which prevent a ribbing effect and / or an elevation of the edge of the roof in the region of theoretical flexion, especially of the pulp of the foot, understanding by theoretical flexion the movement of the footwear user, which is generated during the foot rolling.

The underside of the support sole on the region of the recess of the assembled fold is especially with flat or smooth surface preference, to ensure a excellent gluing and adhesion of part material upper footwear in the region of the assembled fold and, therefore therefore, excellent stability of footwear, in terms of to the union between the material of the upper part of the footwear and the sole.

To ensure good and long lasting adhesion a safety when walking the shoe palm according to the invention, especially when no insert of spring steel for longitudinal flexibilization and transversal reinforcement, it is preferred that the thickening and / or the sole of the footwear or the entire shoe palm have a Shore A hardness in the range of 90 to 100, preferably in the range of 92 to 98, or a Shore D hardness in the range of 70 to 100.

All shoe palm can be configured as part of a single piece or it may be constituted by individual components, which are preferably integrated in a one-piece unit or they can be fixedly attached.

With the invention the use of the forefoot shoe palm for production of a shoe of this type, in which especially the palm of footwear and the material of the upper part of the footwear are attached each other to form an autonomous footwear structure, being of an especially preferred way of equal thickening height to the thickness of the material of the upper part of the footwear.

As already described above, you can wear a shoe, which is manufactured using a palm footwear according to the invention, especially of the mentioned type previously, in combination with one or more templates, whose bottom side shape is preferably configured so complementary to the shape of the palm shell footwear, for adapting footwear to the respective width of the user's foot, so that an adjusted shape is obtained practically ideal interior of the footwear for the user.

The above advantages and features as well as other advantages and features of the invention are described and explain in detail below with the help of some ways especially preferred embodiments with reference to the figures of the drawing; in this case:

Figure 1 shows a projection view from below on a preferred embodiment of a palm of footwear used according to the invention.

Figure 2 shows a cross section to through a preferred embodiment of a palm of footwear according to the invention, made transversely to the longitudinal direction of the sole.

Figure 3 shows a cross section to through the lower front region of the foot of a shoe constituted with a shoe palm according to the invention, in separate representation of the essential individual parts.

Figure 4 shows a projection view from below on another preferred embodiment of a palm of footwear according to the invention; Y

Figure 5 shows a partial view in slightly increased perspective of the thickening structure of the shoe palm of figure 4, in an inclined view on the underside of the shoe palm.

In the following description, the palm of footwear according to the invention is also designated for Enhanced characterization as "edge palm envelope".

The wrap edge shoe palm, designated generally with 1 in figures 1, 2 and 3 of the drawing, It comprises the following individual elements:

(one)

a support sole 2, whose lateral limitation 3 (limitation of the support sole) corresponds in the front region of the foot, if necessary also in the middle region of the foot and / or in the back region of the foot, at proper contour of the shoe palm (i.e. contour to adopt properly by a palm of footwear);

(two)

a border 4 in wrapping shape that extends upwards (edge of wrap), which has especially the following features.

(to)

the edge of the wrap 4 is provided at least in the front region of the foot, but it can also be planned in the middle region and in the region back of the foot, being able to extend upwards in these regions or may even be smooth,

(b)

the edge of the wrap 4 extends, as figures 1, 2 and clearly show 3, laterally beyond the limitation of the support sole 3,

(c)

the edge of the wrap 4 is fixedly attached to the support sole 2, and

(d)

the edge of the wrap 4 is made of a soft, flexible material with regarding the relatively hard material of the sole of support for;

(3)

the palm of shoe 1 with wrap edge also has a thickening 5 on the inner side of the support sole 2, which has especially the following features:

(to)

thickening 5 it is provided at least in the region of the front bone of the foot, where it supports the running surface of the foot, but it can also be present, in addition, in the middle region and / or in the rear region of the foot, especially in the hollow region of the middle region and / or the back region of the foot,

(b)

the limitation lateral 6 (thickening limitation) is displaced towards the inside of the sole with respect to the limitation of the sole of support 3 to the point that on the bottom side of the palm of footwear, between the limitation of the support sole 3 and the Thickening limitation 6 is formed a recess of the assembled fold 7, in which, as shown in figure 1, is inserted the material of the upper part of footwear 8 in the region of fold mounted and glued there as well as in the region outer edge of wrap 4 on the shoe palm of the edge of the envelope, the thickening having 5 normally the same thickness as the material of the upper part of the shoe 8 in the region of the assembled fold, so that the assembled fold 9 along with the thickening 5 forms a bottom side practically flat, in which a sole can be glued on the entire surface exterior 10 (see figure 3); Y

(4)

also they are provided means for transverse reinforcement and / or longitudinal flexibilization of the support sole 2 and / or the thickening 6, at least in the front region of the foot, given the also in the middle region and / or in the rear region of the foot.

The means for transverse reinforcement and / or longitudinal flexibilization of the support sole and / or the thickening are, in figures 2 and 3, a structural sole 11, consisting, for example, of profiled spring steel transversely and extends in the region of the support sole 2, being embedded this support sole 11 through materials flexible 12 and 13, so that the support sole 2 has a flat top and bottom surface, which can pass under entire surface to thickening 5 and laterally seamless to wrap edge 4.

As regards the remaining preferred characteristics of the structural sole, refers to this respect to the previous explanations in the general part of the description.

Another essential means, with which it can be done thickening 5 in a longitudinally and stable flexible manner transversely, it follows from figure 1, according to which in the thickening incisions 14 are provided transversely to the longitudinal direction of the shoe palm, which only they can pass through a part of this thickness and that give the thickening a ladder type structure, as shown especially clearly in figure 1.

The angles α and γ already explained in detail above, under which they extend preferably the transverse reinforcement means, for example projections 15 of the type of ladder between incisions 14 of thickening 5 and / or the ridges 16 and the valleys 17 of the corrugated structural sole 11, which are equivalent to the direction of the transverse reinforcement maximum, as well as the angles \ beta and \ delta of flexibility longitudinal maximum that normally extend perpendicularly at maximum transverse reinforcement, they are represented for clarity in figure 1, the longitudinal axis of the sole being designated with 18.

Also, in figure 1 you can see notches or wedge-shaped incisions 19, which are provided at the edge of envelope 4, in the region of theoretical flexion, especially the foot pulp, to prevent an effect of rib (resistance against theoretical flexion) and / or elevation (bending out or creasing) of the edge of the wrap 4.

Finally, figure 3 shows a Insole 20 that adapts the footwear to the width of the foot of the user, which can be inserted in positive union on the side upper shoe palm wrap edge 1, of way that is retained slip proof through the wrap shape and deformation proof across the stability of the wrap edge shoe palm according to the  invention and a highly stable adaptation to the foot width

For the rest, they are described below and explain other details and advantages of the shoe palm of wrap edge according to the invention in its embodiment Basic and in its different configurations:

This is an edge shoe palm wrap, which supports the foot, which forms the basis for the system of several widths, which presents a thickening 5 in the region of the swelling mass and particularly preferably with transverse ribs of the ladder type, which guarantees the lateral stability

The wrap edge shoe palm it comprises a bottom 2, 5 and a side wrap edge 4. The edge side wrap 4 preferably has a height h of 3.5-8 mm front in the front region of the foot and of 0 to 18 behind in the appendix for receiving different insoles 20, with the different foot widths are reached and foot thicknesses (multiple width system). The thickness of thickening 5 is preferably between 1.0 and 3.0 mm and the thickness s of the support sole 2 is preferably 1.0 to 5.0 mm.

The edge of the edge shoe palm wrapping consists especially in that through a shoe you they can accept different foot widths and foot thicknesses with the same foot length; the different volumes of the feet are adapted through different templates 20.

Thickening 5 is preferably manufactured from a thickened, compressed material. To guarantee the lateral stability and safety when walking, but without preventing flexibility, thickening 5 of thickened shoe palm wrapping is preferably provided, as a ladder, with the transverse incisions 14 between the stairs 15. The direction of the transverse incisions is oriented to the line of loading processes and is preferably 77º in adults with with respect to the longitudinal axis in the front region of the foot and of 103º in the back region of the foot.

Depending on shoe size and age corresponding to the child, these angles of the transverse notches of the ladder type. The sum of the notches Transversals always result in 180º. So, for example, in the small child a notch is convenient transverse in the front region of the 90º foot and in the region Rear foot 90º, for sizes 30 to 32 it is convenient an angle of 86º in the front region of the foot and 94º in the region rear of the foot, for sizes from 33 to 35 a angle of 81º in the front region of the foot and 99º in the region Rear of the foot, for shoe sizes from 36 is convenient form of adults of 77º and 103º.

The advantage of these different angles lies in that the sole adapts to the respective state of development of the foot, to support the development of the child's foot from the square foot up to the adult foot (slender).

Thickening 5 of the bottom part of the wrap edge shoe palm absorbs all areas main foot load in all phases of the process of load. In this case, the thickening 5 of the bottom 2, 5 of the palm  of shoe 1 of wrap edge does not extend to the edge of the contour of the shoe palm, but is kept at a distance from it to the point where it exists sufficient space 7 and material for a mounted fold and for the gluing of the lizo 8.

To avoid the ribbing effect, you can perform on top side, on wrap edge 4 dela shoe palm wrap edge, notches 14, which increase the flexibility of the shoe palm 1 edge envelope.

The shoe palm 1 wrap edge it has support properties and therefore is defined in a way different from normal shoe palms. It is an element determinant of footwear. The shoe palm 1 edge wrap supports and guides, the template 20 above cushions and guarantees a pleasant foot climate, especially through a water absorption capacity.

The wrap edge shoe palm it has, with the exception of the soft cover edge, with preference a high Shore hardness, especially a Shore A hardness or Shore D hardness, preferably a Shore A hardness of 80 to 100 or Shore D hardness from 70 to 100. This applies especially to the thickening when it has a ladder type structure. To ensure the flexibility of the edge shoe palm of envelope, on the one hand, the bottom is fitted by way of ladder - as indicated above - or has become flexible  longitudinally otherwise, preferably the edge of envelope is fitted in the region of the theoretical curves of flexion (foot pulp) to prevent a ribbing effect or a wrap edge elevation.

The glued surface of the thickening of the shoe palm wrap edge (corresponding to the swelling mass) should be as superficially flat possible.

The wrap edge shoe palm is constituted by a material of a layer or of multiple layers, that it has a wrap edge shape, whose wrap edge is adapts to the outer shape of the foot. The bottom of the envelope can receive a template of different thickness for the compensation of different widths and has a wrap substrate that retracts from the contour of the shoe palm to the point that supports the main loading areas during the movement of the foot, so it supports the foot and offers laterally surface enough to mount or glue a hedge, and guide the foot. Through cushioning is guaranteed in the rear region of the foot and rest in the front region of the foot.

The contour of the thickening of the mass of swelling is identical to the minimum requirements for the cross reinforcement

The wrap edge shoe palm is The shoe palm ideal for a shoe.

Figures 4 and 5 show another form of preferred embodiment of a shoe palm 22 according to the invention in a general view (figure 4) perpendicular to the bottom side of the shoe palm and in a partial view in perspective, laterally inclined on the lower side of the shoe palm.

This shoe palm 22 is configured, apart from the special features explained below, otherwise like shoe palm 1 of figures 1, 2 and 3, so that the description is referred to in this aspect from figures 1 to 3 and to the reference signs used in these figures, additional with respect to figures 4 and 5, being omitted, however, - as in figures 1, 2 and 3- the structural sole 11 which is preferably made of steel for springs, and especially especially when you get a transversal reinforcement and longitudinal flexibility enough of shoe palm 1 and 22, respectively, to through other means, such as the structure of the thickening 5 of the type of ladder formed by incisions 14 and projections 15, in combination with a thickening material relatively hard (for example, Shore A hardness of 80 to 100 or Shore D hardness 70 to 100).

According to figures 4 and 5, the side edge 6 of the thickening 5 generally flat is set as the edge of shutter 21, which extends without interruption around the thickening structure formed by projections 15 and cavities 14 and thus tightly close the recess of assembled fold 7 facing the thickening structure 14, 15, the thickness d of the sealing edge 21 being preferably equal to the thickness of the thickening structure 14, 15 and being the width of the sealing edge 21 preferably less than the width of projections 15 (which is, for example, between 5 and 15 mm), for example between 0.5 and 2.5 mm, to reduce the smallest possible length flexibility.

Through the sealing edge 21 it is prevented that fog or moisture, which penetrate, for example, due to a sole exterior 10 that extends partially or is provided with another way with holes, for example through nails, notches or the like (see figure 3) in the structure of thickening 14, 15, especially in cavities 14, can get inside the shoe through the crease notch assembled 7.

As section structures show cross section of figures 2 and 3, which are applied in principle also for a shoe palm 22 according to figures 4 and 5, the support sole 2 is configured with thickening 5 and with preference also together with wrapping shell 4 as a shutter unit, which tightly closes the upper side of the shoe palm and, therefore, the inside of the shoe against moisture and fog from below - also in the case that  there are holes in the outer sole 10-. Such a shutter against the Direct moisture or mist penetration is guaranteed through the airtight layers of the shoe palm also in the form of embodiment according to figures 1, 2 and 3.

Additionally, the embodiment according to Figures 4 and 5 prevents a moisture and mist penetration through intermediate fine, microchannel or similar spaces in the region of gluing between the upper leather more, if necessary, other layers bonded therewith, such as a textile membrane layer, and the crease recess mounted 7.

Naturally, the sealing edge 21, which is preferably constituted in one piece with the remaining thickening structure 14, 15 and preferably also with the support sole 2, it is unnecessary if necessary in a series and occasions, such as in the case of footwear for spaces interiors, such as domestic footwear, track sports shoes cover or similar, or as for example in the case of structures thickening, in which the transverse reinforcement and / or the Longitudinal flexibility is achieved through a structure hermetic compound itself, such as a reinforced plastic with graphite fibers.

Claims (21)

1. Shoe palm comprising:

(TO)

a support sole (2), whose lateral limitation (3) corresponds in the region front of the foot, if necessary also in the middle region of the foot and / or heel region, to the proper contour of the shoe palm;

(B)

a shaped edge of wrap (4) extending upwards,

(one)

what is planned at least in the front region of the foot, if necessary also in the middle region of the foot and / or in the heel region,

(two)

 that extends laterally beyond the limitation (3) of the sole of support for,

(3)

 that is united fixedly with the support sole (2), and

(4)

that is manufactured flexible material, soft with respect to the sole material support;

(C)

characterized in that the shoe palm comprises a thickening (5) on the front side of the support sole (2),

(one)

 what is planned at least in the front bone region of the foot, if necessary also in the middle region of the foot and / or in the bone region of the heel,

(two)

 whose limitation side (6) is displaced towards the inside of the sole, with regarding the limitation (3) of the support sole, to the point of that on the bottom side of the shoe palm, between the limitation (3) of the support sole and limitation (6) of thickening, a crease recess (7) is formed mounted;

(D)

 and why one or various means (11, 14, 19) for transverse reinforcement and / or for longitudinal flexibilization of the support sole (2) and / or for the thickening (5) is provided at least in the front region of the foot.

2. Shoe palm according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for transverse reinforcement and / or for longitudinal flexibilization of the support sole (2) and / or thickening (5) are a structural sole (11), which it extends at least in the front region of the foot, of hard elastic material, of transversely stable structure and longitudinally flexible. 3. Shoe palm according to claim 2, characterized in that the structural sole (11) has the following characteristics:

(to)

the sole structural (11) extends at least essentially over the entire forefoot region, preferably over essentially all the surface of the sole of the foot or the entire resting region of the foot;

(b)

the sole structural (11) is configured in a single piece of material hard elastic plate, of uniform thickness;

(c)

the sole structural (11) is profiled transversely to the direction longitudinal sole (18);

(d)

the profiling transverse (16, 17) of extends at least essentially the entire front region of the foot, preferably over essentially the entire surface of the sole of the foot or essentially over the entire foot rest region;

(and)

the material of elastic plate has a transverse profiling (16, 17) in the form of notches, stretch marks, ribs, channels, waves, grooves, meanders or similar to meanders, zig-zag or shape trapezoidal; Y

(F)

the profiling Transverse (16, 17) is repeated periodically.

4. Shoe palm according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the structural sole (11) is constituted by spring steel or by one or several flat or planar materials, which are made flexible in the longitudinal direction and / or are transversely reinforced in width 5. Shoe palm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for longitudinal thickening of the thickening (5) are notches (14) in the thickening material (5), which extend transversely to the longitudinal direction (18) of the shoe palm, so that the thickening (5) has a ladder type structure. 6. Shoe palm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for transverse reinforcement and / or longitudinal flexibilization of the support sole (2) and / or thickening (5) are fibers or other longitudinally flexible materials and / or transversely rigid, such as special graphite or boron fibers, and / or configurations or conformations of the material, such as cross ribs. 7. Shoe palm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for transverse reinforcement and / or longitudinal flexibilization of the support sole (2) and / or thickening (5) are materials of different Shore hardness, which they are arranged adjacent, extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the sole. 8. Shoe palm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for transverse reinforcement and / or for longitudinal flexibilization are provided in the front region of the foot and, where appropriate, in the middle region of the foot, of such such that the maximum transverse reinforcement extends with an angle α in the range of 77 ° to 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the sole (18) and / or the maximum longitudinal flexibility extends with an angle β of 0 ° to - 13º with respect to the longitudinal direction of the sole (18), extending this transversal reinforcement interval and / or this longitudinal flexibility interval preferably from 30% to 60% of the longitudinal direction of the sole. 9. Shoe palm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means (14, 15; 16, 17) for transverse reinforcement and / or for longitudinal flexibilization in the back region of the foot or in the heel region may be provided in such a way that the maximum transverse reinforcement extends under an angle γ in the range of 90 ° to 103 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the sole (18) and / or the maximum longitudinal flexibility extends under an angle δ of 0º to 13º with respect to the longitudinal direction of the sole (18), the transverse reinforcement region and / or the longitudinal flexibility region extending preferably over 20% to 40% of the longitudinal direction of the sole (18). 10. Shoe palm according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the sum of the angles α + γ as well as β + δ is 180 °, respectively. 11. Shoe palm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wrap edge (4) is provided with means, preferably notches or wedge-shaped incisions (14), which prevent a ribbing effect and / or an elevation of the edge of the cover (4) in the region of theoretical flexion, especially the foot pulp. 12. Shoe palm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower side of the support sole (2) is superficially flat or smooth in the recess region of the assembled fold (7). 13. Shoe palm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickening (5) and / or the support sole (2) or the entire shoe palm (1) has a Shore A hardness in the range of 80 to 100 , preferably in the range of 85 to 98, and a Shore D hardness of 70 to 100. 14. Shoe palm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the entire shoe palm (1) is one-piece or consists of components (2, 4, 5) integrated in a single-piece unit. 15. Shoe palm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lateral edge (6) of the thickening is configured as a sealing edge (21) that extends continuously around the thickening structure (14, 15). 16. Shoe palm according to claim 15, characterized in that the sealing edge (21) has the same thickness (d) as the thickening structure (14, 15). 17. Shoe palm according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the sealing edge (21) is configured in one piece with the thickening structure (14, 15) and preferably also with the support sole (2). 18. Shoe palm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support sole (2) is configured together with the thickening (5) and preferably also together with the wrap edge (4) as a sealing unit, which shields the upper side of the shoe palm (1) and, therefore, also the inside of the shoe against moisture and fog from below also in the case that there are holes in the outer sole (10). 19. Use of the shoe palm according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that for the manufacture of a shoe, wherein the shoe palm (1) and the material of the upper part of the shoe (8) are attached each other to form an autonomous footwear structure. 20. Use according to claim 19, characterized in that the height (d) of the thickening (5) is equal to the thickness of the material of the upper part of the footwear (8). 21. Use according to claim 19 or 20 for the manufacture of footwear with one or more soles (20), whose bottom side shape is complementary to the shape of the shoe palm wrap (1), for adapting the footwear at the respective width of the foot.