ES2206803T3 - PRESSURE ACCUMULATOR. - Google Patents
PRESSURE ACCUMULATOR.Info
- Publication number
- ES2206803T3 ES2206803T3 ES98115263T ES98115263T ES2206803T3 ES 2206803 T3 ES2206803 T3 ES 2206803T3 ES 98115263 T ES98115263 T ES 98115263T ES 98115263 T ES98115263 T ES 98115263T ES 2206803 T3 ES2206803 T3 ES 2206803T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- fluid
- spring
- wall
- pressure accumulator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
- B60T17/06—Applications or arrangements of reservoirs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/02—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with mechanical assistance or drive
- B60T13/04—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with mechanical assistance or drive by spring or weight
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
- B60Y2400/81—Braking systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
- F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
- F15B1/04—Accumulators
- F15B1/08—Accumulators using a gas cushion; Gas charging devices; Indicators or floats therefor
- F15B1/10—Accumulators using a gas cushion; Gas charging devices; Indicators or floats therefor with flexible separating means
- F15B1/103—Accumulators using a gas cushion; Gas charging devices; Indicators or floats therefor with flexible separating means the separating means being bellows
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2201/00—Accumulators
- F15B2201/20—Accumulator cushioning means
- F15B2201/21—Accumulator cushioning means using springs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2201/00—Accumulators
- F15B2201/30—Accumulator separating means
- F15B2201/315—Accumulator separating means having flexible separating means
- F15B2201/3153—Accumulator separating means having flexible separating means the flexible separating means being bellows
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2201/00—Accumulators
- F15B2201/40—Constructional details of accumulators not otherwise provided for
- F15B2201/41—Liquid ports
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2201/00—Accumulators
- F15B2201/60—Assembling or methods for making accumulators
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
- Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Acumulador de calor.Heat accumulator
La presente invención se refiere a un acumulador de presión con una carcasa, que constituye un recipiente para un fluido, con una conexión de fluido, para el fluido que entra en la carcasa o sale de la misma, así como con un conjunto de resortes contra cuya fuerza trabaja el fluido de frenado que entra a través de la conexión de fluido.The present invention relates to an accumulator pressure with a housing, which constitutes a container for a fluid, with a fluid connection, for the fluid entering the housing or out of it, as well as with a set of springs against whose force the braking fluid that enters through works of the fluid connection.
Según el estado de la técnica se conocen acumuladores de presión diseñados como acumuladores de gas con émbolo, acumuladores de gas de membrana o acumuladores de gas de membranas múltiples, o como acumuladores de émbolo y resorte. En las figuras 1a, 1b, 1c y 1d se representan esquemáticamente acumuladores de presión de estos tipos. Las variantes reflejadas en las figuras de 1a a 1d tienen el mismo volumen útil a 20ºC. Como se puede apreciar, el tamaño de construcción correspondiente varía considerablemente. Asimismo, los acumuladores de presión con llenado de gas muestran problemas con respecto a la influencia de la temperatura y de estanqueidad a largo plazo. Otras desventajas de los acumuladores de gas de membranas múltiples son el peso considerable y los gastos elevados. En los acumuladores de émbolo y resorte existe el problema de desgaste de la junta entre cilindro y émbolo.According to the state of the art they are known pressure accumulators designed as gas accumulators with piston, membrane gas accumulators or gas accumulators multiple membranes, or as piston and spring accumulators. In the Figures 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d are schematically represented accumulators of pressure of these types. The variants reflected in the figures 1a to 1d have the same useful volume at 20 ° C. How can appreciate, the corresponding construction size varies considerably. Also, pressure accumulators with filling gas show problems regarding the influence of the temperature and long-term sealing. Other disadvantages of multi-membrane gas accumulators are the weight considerable and high expenses. In the piston accumulators and spring there is the problem of wear of the gasket between cylinder and plunger.
De la solicitud de patente americana US-A-1 830 869 se conoce un acumulador de presión con una carcasa para alojar un fluido, que comprende un conjunto de resortes contra cuya fuerza trabaja el fluido entrante. Este conjunto de resortes se compone de dos cámaras que pueden ser de metal. La segunda cámara se encuentra dentro de la primera cámara, el fluido pasa únicamente por la primera cámara. Entre las cámaras se encuentran juntas para evitar que el fluido entre en la segunda cámara. Debido a que en la segunda cámara no puede entrar fluido, el tamaño de construcción del acumulador de presión completo aumenta innecesariamente.From the American patent application US-A-1 830 869 a known pressure accumulator with a housing to accommodate a fluid, which it comprises a set of springs against whose strength the incoming fluid This set of springs consists of two cameras They can be metal. The second camera is inside the First chamber, the fluid passes only through the first chamber. Between the chambers are together to prevent the fluid Enter the second chamber. Because in the second chamber no fluid can enter, the build size of the accumulator of Full pressure increases unnecessarily.
El objetivo de la invención consiste en proporcionar un acumulador de presión que no tenga las desventajas mencionadas.The object of the invention is to provide a pressure accumulator that does not have the disadvantages mentioned.
Para lograr este objetivo, por lo menos una parte del conjunto de resortes está constituido a través de por lo menos una parte de la pared de la carcasa, y otra parte del conjunto de resortes está dispuesto en el interior de la carcasa. Esta otra parte del conjunto de resortes está configurada como resorte helicoidal, resorte elastómero o resorte en espiral, o en forma de paquete de resortes de disco.To achieve this goal, at least one part of the set of springs is constituted through at least a part of the housing wall, and another part of the assembly of Springs is arranged inside the housing. This other part of the spring assembly is configured as spring helical, elastomer spring or spiral spring, or shaped disc spring package.
De esta manera se logra por un lado una reducción considerable del peso. Por otro lado facilita la integración de dos funciones (acumulación de energía potencial y alojamiento del fluido) en un componente una simplificación considerable del conjunto. Además, se evitan juntas que puedan desgastarse por fricción.In this way a reduction is achieved on the one hand considerable weight. On the other hand it facilitates the integration of two functions (accumulation of potential energy and housing of fluid) in one component a considerable simplification of set. In addition, joints that can wear out are avoided. friction.
Preferiblemente, la parte del conjunto de resortes que forma una parte de la pared de la carcasa, está constituida, por lo menos por secciones, por un fuelle, preferentemente de metal.Preferably, the part of the set of springs that forms a part of the housing wall, is constituted, at least by sections, by a bellows, preferably metal.
Con el fin de lograr un nivel de presión lo más alto posible, en paralelo al conjunto de resortes formado por una parte de la carcasa actúa otra parte del conjunto de resortes en el interior de la carcasa.In order to achieve a level of pressure the most high possible, parallel to the set of springs formed by a part of the housing acts another part of the spring assembly in the inside the housing.
Otras ventajas, características y posibles variaciones se desprenden de la siguiente descripción con referencia a las figuras. En las figuras se muestra:Other advantages, features and possible variations follow from the following description with reference To the figures. The figures show:
Fig. 1a - 1d Distintas variantes de acumuladores de presión según el estado de la técnica.Fig. 1a - 1d Different variants of accumulators pressure according to the state of the art.
Fig. 1e Una forma de realización del acumulador de presión de acuerdo con la invención a escala exacta en comparación con los tamaños de las configuraciones conocidas según las figuras 1a hasta 1d.Fig. 1e An embodiment of the accumulator pressure according to the invention at exact scale in comparison with the sizes of known configurations according to Figures 1a to 1d.
Fig. 2 Acumulador de presión de acuerdo con la invención en representación esquemática a escala aumentada.Fig. 2 Pressure accumulator according to the invention in schematic representation on an enlarged scale.
En la figura 1a se muestra un acumulador de gas con una carcasa 10, dividida en dos espacios a través de una membrana móvil (no representada). Un primer espacio I completamente cerrado contiene gas a presión. Un segundo espacio II puede cargarse con un fluido a presión a través de una conexión de fluido. Cuando la presión del fluido suministrado por la conexión 12 de fluido es superior a la presión del gas en el primer espacio I completamente cerrado, la membrana se desplaza por lo que el volumen del espacio I disminuye y el fluido entra en el segundo espacio II.Figure 1a shows a gas accumulator with a housing 10, divided into two spaces through a mobile membrane (not shown). A first space I completely Closed contains gas under pressure. A second space II can be loaded with a pressurized fluid through a fluid connection. When The fluid pressure supplied by the fluid connection 12 is exceeding the gas pressure in the first space I completely closed, the membrane moves so that the volume of space I decreases and the fluid enters the second space II.
En la figura 1b se muestra un acumulador de presión conocido en el cual la membrana está configurada como membrana multicapa 14. Pero esta membrana multicapa es muy cara. No obstante, esta membrana puede, como máximo, duplicar la duración de vida útil de la configuración en comparación con una membrana simple.An accumulator of known pressure at which the membrane is configured as multilayer membrane 14. But this multilayer membrane is very expensive. Do not However, this membrane can, at most, double the duration of configuration shelf life compared to a membrane simple.
No se resuelven los problemas relacionados con la influencia de la temperatura.Problems related to temperature influence.
En la figura 1c se muestra un acumulador de gas con émbolo en el cual en un cilindro, que constituye al mismo tiempo la pared de la carcasa 10, está dispuesto un émbolo 16 axialmente desplazable. De la misma manera como la membrana 14, el émbolo 16 cierra un espacio I llenado con un gas a presión. El problema de esta configuración consiste en que las juntas 18a, 18b están sujetas en servicio continuo al peligro de desgaste y envejecimiento. Además, también existe el problema de una influencia de la temperatura, debido al llenado de gas en el primer espacio I.Figure 1c shows a gas accumulator with piston in which in a cylinder, which constitutes at the same time the wall of the housing 10, a piston 16 is arranged axially scrollable In the same way as the membrane 14, the plunger 16 close a space I filled with a gas under pressure. The problem of this configuration consists in that the joints 18a, 18b are attached in continuous service to the danger of wear and aging. In addition, there is also the problem of an influence of the temperature, due to gas filling in the first space I.
En la figura 1d se muestra un acumulador de émbolo y resorte, en el cual está dispuesto en el primer espacio I, en vez del llenado de gas, un resorte helicoidal 20 que ejerce una fuerza en el émbolo 16. De esta manera se ha solucionado el problema de la influencia de la temperatura. No obstante, persiste el problema de envejecimiento y desgaste de las juntas 18a, 18b.Figure 1d shows an accumulator of piston and spring, in which it is arranged in the first space I, instead of gas filling, a coil spring 20 that exerts a force on the piston 16. This way the problem has been solved of the influence of temperature. However, the problem of aging and wear of the joints 18a, 18b.
Además muestran los dibujos claramente el espacio considerable requerido por ejemplo por el acumulador de émbolo y resorte en comparación con el acumulador de gas según la figura 1a.They also show the drawings clearly the space considerable required for example by the piston accumulator and spring compared to the gas accumulator according to the figure 1st.
Sorprendentemente es posible conseguir mediante la configuración de acuerdo con la invención un espacio ocupado que es sólo de forma insignificante superior al espacio requerido por el acumulador de gas a presión según la figura 1a, en ambos casos se presupone el mismo volumen de almacenamiento de fluido de freno. Esto se desprende de la comparación de los tamaños a escala exacta de las figuras de 1a hasta 1d por un lado, y la figura 1e por otro lado (acumulador de presión de acuerdo con la invención).Surprisingly it is possible to achieve by the configuration according to the invention a busy space that it is only insignificantly superior to the space required by the pressurized gas accumulator according to figure 1a, in both cases it presupposes the same volume of brake fluid storage. This follows from the comparison of sizes at exact scale of the figures from 1a to 1d on one side, and figure 1e on the other side (pressure accumulator according to the invention).
No obstante, el acumulador de presión de acuerdo con la invención no (o casi no) tiene influencias de la temperatura y, debido a la falta de juntas móviles, no está afectado por problemas de desgaste.However, the pressure accumulator according with the invention no (or almost no) has temperature influences and, due to the lack of moving joints, it is not affected by wear problems
En la figura 2 se muestra una forma de realización de un acumulador de presión de acuerdo con la invención, con una carcasa 10 para alojar un fluido, una conexión 12 de fluido, para el fluido que entra en la carcasa 10 o sale de la carcasa 10, así como con un conjunto de resortes 30a, 30b contra cuya fuerza trabaja el fluido que entra a través de la conexión de fluido. Una parte del conjunto de resortes 30a, 30b está constituida por una parte de la pared de la carcasa 10. Esta parte del conjunto de resortes 30a, que forma una parte de la pared de la carcasa, está constituida por un fuelle metálico. Conectado en paralelo con respecto al efecto de esta parte, en el interior de la carcasa está prevista otra parte del conjunto de resortes, es decir, el resorte helicoidal 30b.Figure 2 shows a form of embodiment of a pressure accumulator according to the invention, with a housing 10 to accommodate a fluid, a fluid connection 12, for the fluid entering the housing 10 or leaving the housing 10, as well as with a set of springs 30a, 30b against whose strength The fluid that enters through the fluid connection works. A part of the spring assembly 30a, 30b is constituted by a part of the housing wall 10. This part of the assembly springs 30a, which forms a part of the housing wall, is constituted by a metal bellows. Connected in parallel with Regarding the effect of this part, inside the housing is provided another part of the spring assembly, that is, the spring helical 30b.
La carcasa 10 comprende dos secciones de pared 32, 34 rígidas que, en el ejemplo de realización representado, cierran los lados frontales del fuelle cilíndrico. En una sección de pared 34 está prevista la conexión 12 de fluido.The housing 10 comprises two wall sections 32, 34 rigid which, in the embodiment shown, they close the front sides of the cylindrical bellows. In a section of wall 34 the fluid connection 12 is provided.
Las dos secciones de pared 32, 34 están unidas de forma rígida y estanca a la presión con los dos extremos del fuelle metálico 30a, de modo que se obtiene un espacio cerrado. La primera pared 32 rígida de la carcasa dispone en su lado interior de una brida roscada 36 en la que está atornillado un perno roscado 38. En la segunda pared de carcasa se apoya un casquillo tubular 40 cuya longitud axial está dimensionada de tal manera que cubre en lo esencial todo el espacio entre la primera y la segunda pared 32, 34 de la carcasa. En su extremo dirigido hacia la primera pared 32 de la carcasa, el casquillo 40 dispone de una tapa que actúa como pared intermedia 42 a través de la cual penetra la brida roscada 26 formando una rendija anular 44. Entre la pared intermedia 42 y una cabeza 38a del perno roscado 38 está alojado bajo tensión previa el elemento elástico 30b en forma de resorte de compresión. Mediante el perno roscado 38 es posible ajustar la tensión previa del elemento elástico 30.The two wall sections 32, 34 are joined by rigid and pressure-tight shape with both ends of the bellows metallic 30a, so that a closed space is obtained. The first rigid wall 32 of the housing has on its inner side a threaded flange 36 on which a threaded bolt 38 is screwed. the second housing wall is supported by a tubular sleeve 40 whose axial length is sized in such a way that it covers essential all the space between the first and second wall 32, 34 of the housing. At its end directed towards the first wall 32 of the housing, the sleeve 40 has a cover that acts as a wall intermediate 42 through which the threaded flange 26 penetrates forming an annular slit 44. Between the intermediate wall 42 and a head 38a of the threaded bolt 38 is housed under previous tension the elastic element 30b in the form of compression spring. Through the threaded bolt 38 it is possible to adjust the pre tension of the element elastic 30.
En su lado dirigido hacia la segunda pared 34 de la carcasa, el casquillo 40 dispone de un resalte anular 46, alojado mediante un aro de sujeción 48 en el borde continuo 50 de la segunda tapa 34 de la carcasa.On its side directed towards the second wall 34 of the housing, the bushing 40 has an annular shoulder 46, housed by means of a clamping ring 48 on the continuous edge 50 of the second cover 34 of the housing.
Para el montaje se introduce en una unidad premontada, compuesta de la primera pared 32 de la carcasa y el fuelle 30a, el casquillo 40 (con el aro de sujeción 48) y se coloca el resorte 30b. Mediante el perno roscado 38 se presiona el resorte 30b contra la pared intermedia 32. A continuación se suelda la segunda tapa con el elemento de borde 50, de modo que se obtiene una unión rígida que se puede solicitar a presión.For mounting it is inserted into a unit preassembled, composed of the first wall 32 of the housing and the bellows 30a, bushing 40 (with clamping ring 48) and placed the spring 30b. The threaded bolt 38 presses the spring 30b against intermediate wall 32. Next, the second cover with the edge element 50, so that a rigid joint that can be requested under pressure.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19621786 | 1996-05-30 | ||
| DE19621786A DE19621786B4 (en) | 1996-05-30 | 1996-05-30 | Pressure accumulator for an electronically controllable vehicle brake system and electronically controllable vehicle brake system with a pressure accumulator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2206803T3 true ES2206803T3 (en) | 2004-05-16 |
Family
ID=7795725
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES98115263T Expired - Lifetime ES2206803T3 (en) | 1996-05-30 | 1997-05-28 | PRESSURE ACCUMULATOR. |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2000510790A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20000011031A (en) |
| AT (2) | ATE207426T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19655065B4 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2206803T3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008056014A1 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2008-05-15 | Morales Aragones Jose Ignacio | Liquid pressure converter for use in pumping systems without any external energy input |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1693178U (en) * | 1953-08-24 | 1955-02-17 | Ehrenreich & Cie A | HYDRAULIC PRESSURE ACCUMULATOR. |
-
1996
- 1996-05-30 DE DE19655065A patent/DE19655065B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-05-28 ES ES98115263T patent/ES2206803T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-28 JP JP09541614A patent/JP2000510790A/en active Pending
- 1997-05-28 KR KR1019980709181A patent/KR20000011031A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-28 AT AT97927069T patent/ATE207426T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-28 AT AT98115263T patent/ATE251723T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008056014A1 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2008-05-15 | Morales Aragones Jose Ignacio | Liquid pressure converter for use in pumping systems without any external energy input |
| ES2316260A1 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2009-04-01 | Jose Ignacio Morales Aragones | Liquid pressure converter for use in pumping systems without any external energy input |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2000510790A (en) | 2000-08-22 |
| KR20000011031A (en) | 2000-02-25 |
| DE19655065B4 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
| ATE251723T1 (en) | 2003-10-15 |
| ATE207426T1 (en) | 2001-11-15 |
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