ES2112237T3 - SHOT DEVICE FOR A DISCONNECTING DEVICE. - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION REFERS TO A SHOOTING DEVICE FOR AN OVERCURRENT CIRCUIT BREAKER AS, FOR EXAMPLE, AN AUTOMATIC SWITCH, WHICH INCLUDES A RELEASE ARMOR (1) THAT ACTIVATES A SWITCH LOCK, THE ARMOR CAN BE ACTIVATED BY (A) FOR THE CURRENT TO SUPERVISE. THE LIBERATION ARMOR (1) MAY BE ACTIVATED INDIRECTLY BY A MAGNETIC ARMOR (5) MOBILE SITUATED NEXT TO THE COIL (3) THROUGH AT LEAST ONE ELASTIC COUPLING ELEMENT (4) AND OPTIONALLY ONE OR VARIOUS ARMOR AUXILIARIES (11) UNITED TO THE ARMOR OF LIBERATION (1). THE ARMOR OF LIBERATION (1) IS MAINTAINED IN ITS POSITION BY A PREDEFINIBLE HOLDING FORCE (F {{SUB, H}).

Description

Trigger device for a device disconnection

The invention relates to a device of activation for an overcurrent disconnection device, such as eg a conductor protection switch, comprising an activation armor that drives a lock of switching and that can be operated by a coil through which a current to be monitored circulates, where the activation armor can be operated indirectly by a magnetic armor that It can move directly through the coil, and is attached to the activation armor by means of at least one element of elastic coupling and, if necessary, one or more reinforcements auxiliary

In overcurrent disconnection devices fundamentally, on the one hand, fuses are used - they can only be used for a single disconnection process - and, on the other hand, automatic fuses that can be reconnected and therefore can be used repeatedly.

In an electrical installation it is normally foreseen in the power line an overload protection of the constructive forms indicated, before this line of power is divided into a multitude of current circuits connected in parallel to each other. In each of these circuits current protection devices are provided - normally protective compounds for personnel (switch FI protection or similar) and facilities protection (driver protection switch, fuse or similar). If necessary, these current circuits can be divided by their part again in other subordinate current circuits, also protected by protection devices.

In the case of a switching structure of this type occurs a serial connection of the devices of power line protection, current circuit and subordinate current circuit.

If it now occurs in a current circuit subordinate an unacceptably high current, it is desirable that only the protection switch associated with this subordinate current circuit and thereby separate your network circuit subordinate current, but that remain however all protection switches connected pre-connected and, thus, all current circuits and subordinate current circuits without mains failure. Just when the overcurrent that occurs is so great that it no longer can be disconnected from the circuit protection switch subordinate current, the priority switch must react. Such a switching with switch time delay arranged before it is called "selectivity".

In the case of fuses this selectivity is determined by the heating power required for the fusion of the fuse wire, which is proportional to the square of the current intensity and duration of operation of the overcurrent

In the field of protection switches  drivers are normally planned two devices of activation. A first device is planned for disconnection of overcurrents located only insignificantly above the nominal current of the installation, which act for prolonged periods. The second activation, called from short circuit current, normally materialized by a coil through which the current to be monitored with armor circulates mobile that causes disconnection. To reproduce the delay explained in relation to fuses, power dependent heating and with it the intensity of current and time, thermal bimetallic strips are used through which the current to be monitored, bimetallic strips that deform analogously to the fuse wires proportionally to the square of the intensity  of current and time and make it possible, in a delayed way by this deformation, the switching treatment of the short circuit current activation.

These bimetallic strips represent pieces constructive that, on the one hand, must be mechanically adjusted with accuracy and, on the other hand, require additional electrical connections. In short, they entail a clear complication of the structure of the protection switch and, thus, a worsening of the operational reliability and more complicated manufacturing. The document DE-C-438 518 shows an activator of an overcurrent relay comprising a coil and armature that can move through it. It is also planned a scrollable bar that is coupled to the armor through a helical compression spring. On this bar acts a Timer mechanism, which only allows a slow movement of the bar.

The document GB-PS-522 303 corresponds fundamentally, in terms of operation and structure, with the document DE-C-438 518: also here there is a cylindrical coil, inside which a tubular magnetic armor. Inside this armor magnetic is a helical compression spring that is it rests, on the one hand, in the magnetic armor and, on the other hand, in Walloon-widening of a bar. This bar is configured so that it passes through the magnetic armor and is attached to a timer mechanism. Yes by the cylindrical coil an overcurrent circulates, the armor is pulled up magnetic and with it the compression spring is compressed, because the bar is temporarily immobilized by the mechanism timer Then the compression spring is dilated and move the bar up, where this movement, as in document DE-C-438 518, it remains retained by the temporary mechanism and thus slows down.

The mission of the invention is to indicate a activation device of the class mentioned at the beginning, which it has a selective activation behavior, but for this only presents a few insensitive construction pieces, Easy to install and added to the activation coil usual.

Other missions of the invention lie in indicate the simplest possible classes to generate the mentioned clamping force, possibilities of graduating selectivity and constructive examples of the activation device according to the invention, which can be translated into practice and have a reliable operation. This is achieved through measurements indicated in the dependent claims.

In the case of an activation device for an overcurrent disconnection apparatus, such as a conductor protection switch, comprising a activation armor that drives a switching lock and which can be operated by a coil through which a current to watch, this mission is solved according to the invention by means of which the activation armor is only held in its resting position with a clamping force preset, and suddenly starts moving after overcoming This clamping force.

In this way a time delay of the activation behavior through measures or provisions electro-mechanical, which is much more reliable operationally in relation to solutions electrothermal-mechanical.

According to a first variant of the invention it can be provided that the clamping force is a generated force mechanically, which leads to a robust constructive form and compact of the activation device according to the invention.

In relation to this it may be provided that the clamping force is an adhesion friction force, which can be generated with the construction parts that are in contact with the activation armor.

By modifying the support pressure exerted by the constructive pieces on the armor of activation the clamping force can be adjusted so especially simple.

According to another form of execution of the invention may be provided that the clamping force can be generated by elastic construction pieces that act on the activation armor, such as a snap-in spring elastic.

In this way they can materialize in a way simple relatively large clamping forces and thus  Great time delays.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention may be provided that the clamping force is a magnetic force, generated by at least one permanent magnet or electrical acting on the activation armor.

Such systems show characteristics predictable magnetic with relative precision and constant with relation to environmental conditions, so that the activation devices equipped with these have delays of almost constant time during its useful life.

It may be advantageous that the clamping force that acts on the activation armor be variable, since this mode the time delay of the process can be modified activation and the switching device can be set, equipped with a activation device according to the invention, according to the protection devices postconnected thereto.

In relation to this it can be especially advantageous that it is provided that the clamping force can be modified depending on the intensity of the current at look out.

In this way, a adaptive behavior of the activation device; according to magnitude of short circuit current automatically increases the relative delay of disconnection.

In an improvement of the invention it can be provided that the clamping force can be generated by an electromagnet, through which a current flows directly proportional to the current to be monitored.

This allows a materialization especially simple and operationally reliable modification of the force of  clamping, described above, dependent on the current.

Another feature of the invention may be that at least one elastic coupling element is formed by a helical spring, since such construction parts demand little space although they present, at the same time, a good elasticity and That remains constant.

According to a form of execution especially advantageous of the invention may be provided that the armor magnetic be arranged, at least in sections, inside the coil.

In this way the magnetic armor can move, in an exactly predictable way, through the forces magnetic current to monitor.

In a perfection of the form of execution preferred above may also be provided that the armor of activation is arranged inside the coil, where the activation armor consists of non-material magnetizable.

In this way a constructive size is obtained relatively compact activation device.

It can also be provided that the armor magnetic be configured as a tubular piece closed on one side and that the activation armor and at least one element of coupling, at least partially, are arranged in the inside the cavity formed by the magnetic armor.

This allows another geometric decrease of activation device according to the invention, which already only it already depends on the size of the coil and outside of it no longer exists  no constructive piece anymore.

In another configuration of the invention may be  provided that the activation armor has a supplement that it passes through the magnetic armor, which runs preferably in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the coil and on whose supplement the clamping force acts.

In this way the constructive pieces that apply the clamping force may be arranged outside the coil, so that they do not limit in any way the freedom of movement of the construction pieces arranged in the inside of the coil.

The invention is explained below with more detail based on the attached drawings. With this they show:

fig. 1 a schematic representation of an activation device according to the invention in raised;

fig. 2 the activation device according to the fig. 1 with additional auxiliary reinforcement;

the figs. 3a, b the activation device according to fig. 1 with construction parts for the mechanical application of the clamping force;

fig. 4 a possible concrete execution of the invention in elevation, in section;

fig. 5 another possible execution of the device of activation according to the invention in elevation, in section and

fig. 6 the execution according to fig. 5, complemented with two possible variants of the connection system Electric activation device.

The activation device represented in the fig. 1 for an overcurrent disconnection device, such as eg a conductor protection switch, it has a magnetic armor 5 composed of a magnetizable material as per example iron, magnetic armor 5 that can move directly by a coil 3. The current flowing through coil 3 is the current itself to monitor and, if necessary, to disconnect. Apart from this, an activation armor 1 is provided that can operate a switching lock 20, lock switching 20 that opens the contacts 21 through which the current to watch. This drive can be performed from this mode, as depicted in the drawing, through a pin of activation 2 formed in activation armor 1, although alternatively this can also be carried out directly through the activation armor itself 1.

Activation Armor 1 and Armor magnetic 5 are mechanically linked together by a elastic coupling element 4 which, in the simplest case, It is formed by a coil spring. Activation Armor 1 it is not mounted freely movable, but is held in its resting position with a clamping force F_ {H} preset. To be able to wear the activation armor again 1 to its resting position, once activation has occurred, a recovery spring 6 is provided which is supported, on the one hand, in activation armor 1 and, on the other hand, in a part of housing 7 - represented only symbolically.

Through this arrangement you get a delayed activation in time in the event of a inadmissibly high overcurrent and, therefore, to disconnect.

The said activation can be divided into two phases of activation, which are described below. In a first activation phase, directly after the appearance of the overcurrent, the overcurrent generates through coil 3 a magnetic field proportional to its intensity, which moves the magnetic armor 5 in the direction of the activation armor 1. This movement is transmitted through the coupling element elastic 4 to the activation armor 4 which, however, remains provisionally still - bound by the force of clamp F_ {H} acting on it - in its position of repose. In case the armor deflection continues to progress magnetic element 5 is still pretending the coupling element 4, with which increases the force acting on the activation armor 1. In this activation phase the magnetic armor 5 and the coupling element 4 represent an oscillating system, which excited by the magnetic force generated by the overcurrent. The time it takes for magnetic armor 5 to prestress the coupling element, until the clamping force is exceeded F_ {H} and the activation armor 1 can be deflected from its resting position, produces time delay and selectivity of the activation device according to the invention.

Provided that the clamping force is exceeded F_ {H} generated by the overcurrent, the second phase occurs of activation. The activation armor 1 is put with it suddenly moving, which triggers the lock of switching 20 and in subsequent sequence the contacts open 21 of the overcurrent protection device. In this phase of activation represent the now coupled masses of armor magnetic 5 and activation armor 1, in cooperation with the recovery spring 6, the oscillating system. This one works like a usual magnetic activator, formed exclusively by coil and armor, where the excitation force is obtained from the result of the intensity force system of clamping current-force F_ {H}.

The activation does not start therefore, summarizing,  by armor activated directly by means of the overcurrent, but occurs indirectly through the 5 magnetic armor movement that can move directly by coil 3 and which is attached to the armor of activation 1 by means of the elastic coupling element 4.

Temporary activation delay is created mainly in the first phase of activation. Is set by the mechanical characteristics of the oscillating system - mass of the magnetic reinforcement, elasticity coefficient of the element 4 coupling and magnetic armature stroke - and by Current intensity Current intensity is proportional, as is known, to the square of the current and in consequence also the movement of the magnetic armor 5. Of this mode also the delay is proportional to the square of the current, exactly the same as in delay devices acquaintances cited at the beginning, which work electro-thermally.

While this would complicate the structure of the activation device according to the invention is also perfectly imaginable, as depicted in fig. 2, arrange an auxiliary reinforcement 11 - if necessary also several - between the 5 magnetic armor and activation armor 1. These armor auxiliaries 1 are linked together through other elements of 40 elastic coupling and, analogously to the armor of activation 1, are driven in their resting positions by clamping forces F_ {H}. Through a mechanical connection in series of this type of various armor an addition of its clamping forces F_ {H} as well as an increase in travel of diversion that the magnetic armor 5 must travel and, of this mode, an extension of the delay time.

The clamping forces F_ {described} can be generated in principle in any way. Figs. 3a and 3b show examples of the generation of clamping forces via mechanics. According to fig. 3a the clamping force F_ {H} is an adhesion friction force that is generated by construction pieces 8, which are in contact with the armor of activation 1 and they tighten each other the activation armor one.

The alternative according to fig. 3b expects to generate the clamping force F_ {H} using construction pieces 9 elastic acting on the activation armature 1, such as e.g. an elastic snap-in spring This spring elastic spring 9 it is configured as a leaf spring held by both sides and prestressed against the direction of movement of the armor of activation 1. If the force acting on it is large enough, it curves against the direction of claim and thus allows a movement of the armor of activation 1.

A form of clamping force configuration contrary to these mechanical solutions is that the force of F_ {H} is a magnetic force, generated by the least for a permanent or electric magnet that acts on the activation armor 1. Examples of this can be deduced from the figs. 4, 5 and 6. These drawings represent variants of execution of The invention can be used in practice.

Here coil 3 is arranged on a body winding 10 non-magnetic, where the magnetic armor 5 It is arranged by sections inside the coil 3. Also a yoke 23 of magnetizable material is provided, which runs in mostly outside of coil 3 and has a supplement 24, which penetrates the coil 3, at the end thereof located closer to the switching lock 20. The magnetic field generated by a coil current closes through the yoke 23, of the magnetic armor 5, of the working air gap a and of the yoke supplement 24.

This structure corresponds to the execution usual and usual of a magnetic activator. Also the armor of activation 1 is arranged inside the coil 3, but without however, it must be formed by material not magnetizable, such as aluminum or synthetic material, so that move because of the magnetic forces generated by the coil 3.

Magnetic armor 5 is configured as tubular piece closed on one side, where the armor of activation 1 and coupling element 4 are arranged in the inside the cavity formed by the magnetic armor 5.

Activation armor 1 features a pin of activation 2 protruding from coil 3 and can be carried, of analogous to the representation according to fig. 1, to its position of rest by means of a recovery spring 6.

In order to let the clamping force act on activation armor 1, this one presents a supplement 12 that crosses the magnetic armor 5 and that runs preferably parallel to the longitudinal axis of the coil 3. This has freely accessible sections and, thus, that can  be driven by forces.

Supplement 12 is not essential to be provide, since in the sense of the invention it is equally possible let the clamping forces F_ {H} act directly on the activation armor 1. For this, however, it would be it is necessary that the necessary constructive parts be arranged inside the coil 3, if necessary, that prevent recesses for them in magnetic armor 5, to that this is not limited their freedom of movement.

As already indicated, the clamping force F_ {H} is generated in the case of this example of execution via magnetic, specifically by means of a permanent magnet 13. To this has been immobilized an armor 26 at the upper end of the supplement 12. Together with yoke 25 which, according to fig. 4, serve the same mechanical clamping time for permanent magnet 13, and the permanent magnet 13 the armor 26 forms a magnetic circuit for the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 13. Through the clamping forces that occur in the case of this arrangement between the armor 26 and the yoke 25 the armor of activation 1 in the represented rest position.

In the aforementioned magnetic circuit - formed by the armor 26, yoke 25 and permanent magnet 13 - a air gap 27 between armor 26 and yoke 25 as well as a air gap 28 between permanent magnet 13 and armor 26. The clamping forces F_ {H} that occur can be modified by changing the size of these air gaps 27, 28. The aforementioned modification of air gaps can be achieved by example by choosing the height of the permanent magnet 13, by interspersed pieces of different thickness, arranged between yoke 25 and armor 27, of non-magnetizable material, by modification of the length of the yoke arms or measures Similar.

In the case of a current of short circuit increases the intensity of the prevailing magnetic field in the working air gap between magnetic armor 5 and the yoke supplement 24 and, through this, the forces of excitation acting between magnetic armor 5 and the supplement 24, whereby the magnetic armor 5 moves in address to supplement 24. After the armor of activation 1 is still at rest, the distance d is now reduced between the magnetic armor 5 and the activation armor 1, in where the spring is compressed 4. As for the forces transmitted to through the spring 4 to the activation armor 1 exceed the force clamping F_ {H} of permanent magnet 13, is also set to movement the activation armor 1 and consequently is activated the disconnection through the switching lock 20.

If the magnetic armor 5 covers all the distance d, without thereby achieving a movement of the activation armor 1, clash the magnetic armor 5 with the activation armor 1 and drag it on its subsequent downward movement. In the case of this percussion one on the another a shock process occurs, in which energy is extracted of movement of the magnetic armor 5, which in turn delays the switching treatment and thus contributes to selective disconnection behavior of the provision.

It is important for proper operation of the arrangement described the dimensioning of distances a, b, c, d. Especially the distance d between the magnetic armor 5 and the activation armor 1 must be less than the distance between magnetic armor 5 and yoke supplement 24, so that it ensure that at the end of the possible movement path of the magnetic armor 5 - collide later with yoke supplement 24 - the activation armor 1 has operated the lock of switching 20. In relation to this it is necessary that the path of movement of the activation armor b be sufficiently long to operate the switching lock 20. It must also be ruled out that armor 26 impacts during the movement of the activation armature 1 on the winding body 10 and, in this way, immobilize the activation armor 1. This is get through that the distance c is greater than the distance b.

In short, for the relationships between distances a, b, c, d the following dependencies can be indicated: a> b and a> d, as well as c> b.

The especially preferred example of execution according to fig. 5 largely matches that of fig. 4 yes well here permanent magnet 13 is replaced by an electromagnet - formed by winding 15 and yoke 25. As above it has provided an armor 26 attached to supplement 12, which configures with the yoke 25 a magnetic circuit. For the mechanical clamping of the electromagnet a separate construction piece 14 is provided. For the dimensioning of the distances applies what is said in the course of the description of fig. Four.

The modification of the clamping force F_ {H} it can also be done here again through the adjustment of the air gap lengths 27, 28. This is especially favorable not to provide for the air gap 27, that is, to let the armor 26 be placed on yoke 25 and configure the 25 'section of the yoke 25, which runs inside the winding 15, so movable in the longitudinal direction of the winding 15. Of this mode can be adjusted mechanically the clamping force F_ {H}.

Apart from this mechanical capacity for modification the clamping force F_ {H} can also be modified by modification of the current flowing through the winding 15. The ability to modify the clamping force F_ {H}, without However, it is not limited in any way to a magnetic generation of strength Also the construction pieces 8 indicated in fig. 3a can be arranged in a scrollable way, so that it can change the clamping pressure on the activation frame 1 and thus the clamping force F_ {H}.

It is especially advantageous that the force of subject F_ {H} can be modified depending on the intensity of the current to watch. In the constructive variant according to the fig. 5 this can materialize in a particularly simple way by means of the current flowing through winding 15 being directly proportional to the current to be monitored.

To have the least switching complication possible is achieved in the simplest way possible the proportionality required, by means of which the own overcurrent circulate through winding 15 of the electromagnet. For this they connect to each other in series - as represented in fig. 6 with junction conductors 16, 17 in a continuous line - the coil 3 and winding 15. For the same purpose, however, the coil 3 and winding 15 could be connected in parallel - see junction connectors 18, 19 in strokes; with it they can connect series impedances on the winding branch 15, to adjust the current flowing through winding 15 and with it the force F_ {H} clamping generated.

While this would lead to complexity additional relatively high, within the meaning of the invention is exactly as possible to drive winding 15 with a current galvanically separated from the current to be monitored and modify this, if necessary also through connections of corresponding control, proportionally to the overcurrent.

A preferred device application field of activation described according to the invention is its use in conductor protection switches, which however do not you must exclude the application on other devices that are disconnected by overcurrent

Claims (14)

1. Activation device for an overcurrent disconnection apparatus, such as a conductor protection switch, comprising an activation armature (1) that drives a switching lock (20) and which can be operated by a coil (3) through which a current to be monitored circulates, where the activation armature (1) can be operated indirectly by a magnetic armor (5) that can be moved directly by the coil (3), and is connected to the activation armor (1) by means of at least one elastic coupling element (4) and, where appropriate, one or more auxiliary reinforcements (11), characterized in that the activation armature (1) is only held in its resting position with a clamping force (F_ {H}) preset, and suddenly starts moving after overcoming this clamping force (F_ {H}). 2. Activation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping force (FH) is a force generated mechanically. 3. Activation device according to claim 2, characterized in that the clamping force (F_H) is an adhesion friction force, which can be generated with the construction parts (8) that are in contact with the activation armature ( one). 4. Activation device according to claim 2, characterized in that the clamping force (F_H) can be generated by elastic construction pieces (9) acting on the activation frame (1), such as a spring elastic insert. 5. Activation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping force (F H) is a magnetic force, generated by at least one permanent or electric magnet (13; 14, 25) acting on the activation armature (one). 6. Activation device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the clamping force (F H) acting on the activation frame (1) can be modified. 7. Activation device according to claim 6, characterized in that the clamping force (FH) can be modified depending on the intensity of the current to be monitored. 8. Activation device according to claim 7, characterized in that the clamping force (FH) can be generated by an electromagnet, through which a current flows directly proportional to the current to be monitored. 9. Activation device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one elastic coupling element (4) is formed by a helical spring. 10. Activation device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the magnetic armature (5) is arranged, at least in sections, inside the coil (3). 11. Activation device according to claim 10, characterized in that also the activation armature (1) is arranged inside the coil, wherein the activation armature (1) is formed by non-magnetizable material. 12. Activation device according to claim 11, characterized in that the magnetic armature (5) is configured as a tubular part closed on one side and because the activation armature (1) and at least one coupling element (4), at least partially , are arranged inside the cavity formed by the magnetic armor (5). 13. Activation device according to claim 10, 11 or 12, characterized in that the activation armature (1) has a supplement (12) that passes through the magnetic armature (5), which preferably runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the coil (3) and on which supplement (12) acts the clamping force (F_ {H}). 14. Use of the activation device according to a of the preceding claims as an activation device short-circuit current in a protection switch drivers.