ES2062714T3 - Procedimiento y dispositivo de control del espesor y de la cohesion de la intercara de un tubo duplex. - Google Patents
Procedimiento y dispositivo de control del espesor y de la cohesion de la intercara de un tubo duplex.Info
- Publication number
- ES2062714T3 ES2062714T3 ES91401439T ES91401439T ES2062714T3 ES 2062714 T3 ES2062714 T3 ES 2062714T3 ES 91401439 T ES91401439 T ES 91401439T ES 91401439 T ES91401439 T ES 91401439T ES 2062714 T3 ES2062714 T3 ES 2062714T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- thickness
- contact surface
- ultrasonic waves
- cohesion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring thickness
- G01B17/025—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring thickness for measuring thickness of coating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/221—Arrangements for directing or focusing the acoustical waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2456—Focusing probes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0231—Composite or layered materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02854—Length, thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02863—Electric or magnetic parameters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02881—Temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/042—Wave modes
- G01N2291/0421—Longitudinal waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/048—Transmission, i.e. analysed material between transmitter and receiver
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
- G01N2291/101—Number of transducers one transducer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/263—Surfaces
- G01N2291/2634—Surfaces cylindrical from outside
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
EL TUBO DOBLE (1) COMPRENDE UN ALMA TUBULAR (2) Y UNA CAPA DE FORRADO O DE REVESTIMIENTO (3) DE UNA ALEACION CUYO METAL BASICO ES IDENTICO AL METAL BASICO DE LA ALEACION QUE CONSTITUYE EL ALMA TUBULAR (2). SE EMITEN ONDAS ULTRASONICAS EN INCIDENCIA NORMAL EN EL ESPESOR DEL REVESTIMIENTO (3) Y DEL ALMA (2) DEL TUBO (1), SE RECOGEN LAS ONDAS ULTRASONICAS REFLEJADAS POR LAS SUPERFICIES INTERNA Y EXTERNA DEL TUBO, POR SU SUPERFICIE DE CONTACTO (4) Y POR DEFECTOS DE COHESION EVENTUALES DE LA SUPERFICIE DE CONTACTO (4), SE MIDEN LOS TIEMPOS DE PROPAGACION DE LAS ONDAS ULTRASONICAS EN EL ESPESOR DEL TUBO, SE DETERMINA LA AMPLITUD Y LA FORMA DE LAS ONDAS REFLEJADAS SE SOMETE EL TUBO (1), DESDE SU SUPERFICIE EXTERNA, A UNA INDUCCION MAGNETICA CREADA POR UNA CORRIENTE SINUSOIDAL DE MULTIFRECUENCIA, SE EFECTUAN MEDIDAS DE FASE Y/O DE AMPLITUD DE LAS CORRIENTES INDUCIDAS EN EL TUBO (1), SE DEDUCE EL ESPESOR DE LA CAPA DE REVESTIMIENTO (3), SE CALCULA EL ESPESOR TOTAL DEL TUBO (1) A PARTIR DE LAS MEDIDAS DE TIEMPO DE PROPAGACION DE LOS ULTRASONIDOS Y DEL ESPESOR DE LA CAPA DE REVESTIMIENTO (3), Y SE DETERMINA LA COHESION DEL TUBO EN SU SUPERFICIE DE CONTACTO (4) POR ANALISIS DE LA AMPLITUD Y DE LA FORMA DE LAS ONDAS ULTRASONICAS REFLEJADAS POR LA SUPERFICIE DE CONTACTO (4) O TRANSMITIDAS POR LA CAPA DE REVESTIMIENTO (3).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9007187A FR2663115B1 (fr) | 1990-06-08 | 1990-06-08 | Procede et dispositif de controle de l'epaisseur et de la cohesion de l'interface d'un tube duplex. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2062714T3 true ES2062714T3 (es) | 1994-12-16 |
Family
ID=9397438
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES91401439T Expired - Lifetime ES2062714T3 (es) | 1990-06-08 | 1991-06-03 | Procedimiento y dispositivo de control del espesor y de la cohesion de la intercara de un tubo duplex. |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5225148A (es) |
EP (1) | EP0461018B2 (es) |
JP (1) | JPH0688720A (es) |
KR (1) | KR930000932A (es) |
CN (1) | CN1029026C (es) |
CS (1) | CS173491A3 (es) |
DE (1) | DE69104129T3 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2062714T3 (es) |
FR (1) | FR2663115B1 (es) |
TW (1) | TW226435B (es) |
ZA (1) | ZA914370B (es) |
Families Citing this family (37)
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DE4109625A1 (de) * | 1991-03-23 | 1992-09-24 | Krautkraemer Gmbh | Ultraschall-messverfahren fuer den wanddickenverlauf einer schweissnaht eines rohres |
US5406849A (en) * | 1992-07-31 | 1995-04-18 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | Method and apparatus for detecting guided leaky waves in acoustic microscopy |
US5418823A (en) * | 1994-01-04 | 1995-05-23 | General Electric Company | Combined ultrasonic and eddy-current method and apparatus for non-destructive testing of tubular objects to determine thickness of metallic linings or coatings |
US5481916A (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 1996-01-09 | Tsi Sensor Incorporated | Combined ultrasonic and rotating eddy current probe and method of non-destructive testing of materials |
US5661241A (en) * | 1995-09-11 | 1997-08-26 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Ultrasonic technique for measuring the thickness of cladding on the inside surface of vessels from the outside diameter surface |
GB9520414D0 (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1995-12-06 | Car Light & Sound Sys Ltd | Thickness measurement |
US5952578A (en) * | 1996-08-01 | 1999-09-14 | Beloit Technoloiges, Inc. | Ultrasonic examination of coated parts |
DE69816585T2 (de) * | 1998-01-16 | 2004-05-13 | Daido Tokushuko K.K., Nagoya | Methode zu Untersuchung von Metall-Verbunden mittels Ultraschall |
US6035717A (en) * | 1998-05-12 | 2000-03-14 | Krautkramer Branson, Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring the thickness of a coated material |
CA2285790A1 (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-04-14 | Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for evaluating bonding properties of a metallic pipe |
US6134967A (en) * | 1999-05-11 | 2000-10-24 | Beloit Technologies, Inc. | Detection of delamination of rubber covers from metal substrates |
DE10115328A1 (de) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-10 | Framatome Anp Gmbh | Verfahren zur Ultraschallmessung von Teilschichtdicken dünnwandiger Rohre |
JP3709169B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-04 | 2005-10-19 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | 導電性材料の損傷診断方法及び診断装置 |
FR2845768B1 (fr) * | 2002-10-10 | 2004-12-10 | Emc3 | Procede pour evaluer des contraintes dans un element allonge, notamment une conduite |
CN1869680B (zh) * | 2006-06-27 | 2011-03-30 | 上海大学 | 测量超声波在金属熔体中有效传播距离的方法及其专用装置 |
GB2446670C (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2013-03-13 | Flexlife Ltd | Inspection method |
NO327674B1 (no) * | 2007-09-12 | 2009-09-07 | Det Norske Veritas As | Anordning for deteksjon av fuktinntrengning i et isolasjonslag ved hjelp av akustisk resonans teknologi |
CN101358843B (zh) * | 2008-08-22 | 2012-08-29 | 华东电力试验研究院有限公司 | 高温内筒壁厚检测系统 |
KR100917045B1 (ko) * | 2009-03-25 | 2009-09-10 | (주)삼전계기 | 배관의 스케일 감지 장치 |
DE102009060106A1 (de) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-22 | Salzgitter Mannesmann Line Pipe GmbH, 57074 | Verfahren zur Prüfung von Verbindungen metallischer Werkstücke mit Kunststoffmassen auf Hohlräume mittels Ultraschall |
FR2962548B1 (fr) * | 2010-07-08 | 2012-08-17 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de controle de l'integrite d'une conduite tubulaire flexible et dispositif pour sa mise en ?uvre |
GB2481482B (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2012-06-20 | Univ Manchester | Improvements in sensors |
TWI456162B (zh) * | 2012-01-20 | 2014-10-11 | China Steel Corp | 高爐冷卻壁厚度超音波量測方法及其裝置 |
CN102759567B (zh) * | 2012-07-18 | 2015-10-28 | 南昌航空大学 | 直流磁化下钢管内外壁缺陷的涡流检测识别及评价方法 |
GB201304507D0 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2013-04-24 | Rolls Royce Plc | Ultrasonic Inspection Method |
WO2016057814A1 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2016-04-14 | Exxam Systems, LLC | Eddy current pipeline inspection apparatus and method |
CN104776819A (zh) * | 2015-04-18 | 2015-07-15 | 上海和伍新材料科技有限公司 | 一种超声测厚方法 |
CN106932480B (zh) * | 2015-12-31 | 2019-10-11 | 中核建中核燃料元件有限公司 | 一种提高燃料棒包壳管超声探伤装置稳定性的方法 |
CN106979761B (zh) * | 2016-01-18 | 2020-07-07 | 中国电力科学研究院 | 一种锂离子电池内部各层级厚度及表面形貌的检测方法 |
JP5997861B1 (ja) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-09-28 | 株式会社日立パワーソリューションズ | 超音波映像装置および超音波映像装置の画像生成方法。 |
US10746698B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2020-08-18 | Exxam Systems, LLC | Eddy current pipeline inspection using swept frequency |
CN108106585B (zh) * | 2017-12-21 | 2020-06-12 | 爱德森(厦门)电子有限公司 | 一种金属基材表面覆层的检测方法 |
CN108489434B (zh) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-06-28 | 燕山大学 | 一种可实现复合板厚度比自动检测的装置及方法 |
CN108489374B (zh) * | 2018-05-10 | 2020-11-20 | 天津市特种设备监督检验技术研究院(天津市特种设备事故应急调查处理中心) | 一种双模式铁磁包覆层管道壁厚检测方法 |
CN110231410B (zh) * | 2019-06-12 | 2022-01-28 | 武汉市工程科学技术研究院 | 锚杆无损检测数据智能解释方法 |
CN113049459A (zh) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-06-29 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | 增材制造用孔隙对比试块及其制造方法 |
US20220148747A1 (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-05-12 | Westinghouse Electric Company Llc | System and method for local resistivity measurement and critical heat flux calculation for nuclear reactor cladding tubing |
Family Cites Families (30)
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GB356690A (en) * | 1930-03-04 | 1931-09-04 | Ferranti Ltd | Improvements in and relating to the testing of electrical and/or magnetic characteristics of metal sheets |
US3375706A (en) * | 1964-12-28 | 1968-04-02 | Combustion Eng | Ultrasonic flaw detecting system |
US3564903A (en) * | 1968-05-20 | 1971-02-23 | Boeing Co | Bond failure detection in laminated structures using vibration response |
US3568051A (en) * | 1969-01-06 | 1971-03-02 | Republic Steel Corp | An eddy current defect detector utilizing plural rotating search coils in combination with logic circuitry and markers |
US3762496A (en) * | 1971-09-01 | 1973-10-02 | Martin Tracker Corp | Delamination detector |
US3937065A (en) * | 1971-09-01 | 1976-02-10 | William Moore | Delamination detector |
US3886793A (en) * | 1974-01-09 | 1975-06-03 | Us Navy | Projectile body testing machine |
DE2517709C3 (de) * | 1975-04-22 | 1979-07-12 | Harald 2800 Bremen Sikora | Vorrichtung zur Messung und Regelung der Wanddicke von isolierten Strängen |
JPS5571904A (en) * | 1978-11-25 | 1980-05-30 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | Measurement of thickness of laminate and base material of clad steel by ultrasonic wave |
US4391143A (en) * | 1981-05-29 | 1983-07-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Ultrasonic probe for inspecting double-wall tube |
US4418574A (en) * | 1981-11-20 | 1983-12-06 | Texaco Inc. | Magnetic method and apparatus for measuring wall thickness |
US4449408A (en) * | 1982-04-22 | 1984-05-22 | Magnetic Analysis Corporation | EMAT Test apparatus having retractable probe |
JPS5967405A (ja) * | 1982-09-30 | 1984-04-17 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | ライナ厚測定方法 |
US4567764A (en) * | 1983-12-27 | 1986-02-04 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Detection of clad disbond |
US4559825A (en) * | 1984-02-15 | 1985-12-24 | Automation Industries, Inc. | Transducer array for detection of subsurface flaws |
JPS61292549A (ja) * | 1985-06-20 | 1986-12-23 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | 渦流探傷装置 |
EP0206296A1 (de) * | 1985-06-26 | 1986-12-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung für die prozessintegrierte Prüfung von bewegtem zylindrischen Gut in der Prüfung |
FR2585869B1 (fr) * | 1985-08-01 | 1987-11-13 | Fragema Framatome & Cogema | Procede et dispositif de controle des crayons de grappe pour assemblage de combustible nucleaire. |
DE3528545A1 (de) * | 1985-08-08 | 1987-02-19 | Kraftwerk Union Ag | Brennstab fuer ein kernreaktorbrennelement |
DE3629174A1 (de) * | 1986-08-28 | 1988-03-10 | Ktv Systemtechnik Gmbh | Einrichtung zum messen der wanddicke von rohren |
US4955235A (en) * | 1987-07-30 | 1990-09-11 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Apparatus and method for providing a combined ultrasonic and eddy current inspection of a metallic body |
US4856337A (en) * | 1987-07-30 | 1989-08-15 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Apparatus and method for providing a combined ultrasonic and eddy current inspection of a tube |
US4814703A (en) * | 1987-08-04 | 1989-03-21 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for gap measurement between a graphite/epoxy structure and a metallic model |
JPH01156661A (ja) * | 1987-12-15 | 1989-06-20 | Hitachi Ltd | 接合部探査装置 |
FR2629586B1 (fr) * | 1988-03-30 | 1992-01-03 | Cezus Co Europ Zirconium | Procede de controle ultrasonore de l'epaisseur de placage d'un tube metallique, dispositif correspondant et application a des tubes en alliage de zr plaque |
US5025215A (en) * | 1989-08-16 | 1991-06-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Support equipment for a combination eddy current and ultrasonic testing probe for inspection of steam generator tubing |
US5113358A (en) * | 1990-03-28 | 1992-05-12 | Barber-Colman Company | Web caliper measuring system |
US5038615A (en) * | 1990-05-11 | 1991-08-13 | General Motors Corporation | Ultrasonic multilayer paint thickness measurement |
US5145637A (en) * | 1990-05-24 | 1992-09-08 | General Electric Company | Incore housing examination system |
JP2882856B2 (ja) * | 1990-07-04 | 1999-04-12 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 渦流探傷装置 |
-
1990
- 1990-06-08 FR FR9007187A patent/FR2663115B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-06-03 ES ES91401439T patent/ES2062714T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-03 EP EP91401439A patent/EP0461018B2/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-03 DE DE69104129T patent/DE69104129T3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-06-06 CS CS911734A patent/CS173491A3/cs unknown
- 1991-06-07 CN CN91104552A patent/CN1029026C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-06-07 US US07/711,997 patent/US5225148A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-06-07 ZA ZA914370A patent/ZA914370B/xx unknown
- 1991-06-07 KR KR1019910009367A patent/KR930000932A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-06-10 JP JP3164956A patent/JPH0688720A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-06-10 TW TW080104512A patent/TW226435B/zh active
-
1993
- 1993-02-12 US US08/016,890 patent/US5329561A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0461018A1 (fr) | 1991-12-11 |
EP0461018B2 (fr) | 1998-03-18 |
TW226435B (es) | 1994-07-11 |
EP0461018B1 (fr) | 1994-09-21 |
DE69104129T2 (de) | 1995-01-19 |
DE69104129T3 (de) | 1998-09-24 |
DE69104129D1 (de) | 1994-10-27 |
CN1059029A (zh) | 1992-02-26 |
JPH0688720A (ja) | 1994-03-29 |
US5225148A (en) | 1993-07-06 |
FR2663115A1 (fr) | 1991-12-13 |
KR930000932A (ko) | 1993-01-16 |
US5329561A (en) | 1994-07-12 |
FR2663115B1 (fr) | 1994-04-15 |
CS173491A3 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
CN1029026C (zh) | 1995-06-21 |
ZA914370B (en) | 1993-01-27 |
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