ES2055318T3 - Modificador de friccion. - Google Patents

Modificador de friccion.

Info

Publication number
ES2055318T3
ES2055318T3 ES90302961T ES90302961T ES2055318T3 ES 2055318 T3 ES2055318 T3 ES 2055318T3 ES 90302961 T ES90302961 T ES 90302961T ES 90302961 T ES90302961 T ES 90302961T ES 2055318 T3 ES2055318 T3 ES 2055318T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
friction modifier
long
friction reduction
chain
tractors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES90302961T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Kenvyn Walters
John Vincent Bullen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Afton Chemical Ltd
Original Assignee
Afton Chemical Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Afton Chemical Ltd filed Critical Afton Chemical Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2055318T3 publication Critical patent/ES2055318T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/16Amides; Imides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/08Amides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/08Amides
    • C10M2215/082Amides containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/086Imides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/12Partial amides of polycarboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/12Partial amides of polycarboxylic acids
    • C10M2215/122Phtalamic acid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/26Amines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/28Amides; Imides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/046Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/06Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C10M2219/088Neutral salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C10M2219/089Overbased salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045Metal containing thio derivatives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04Groups 2 or 12
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/042Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/044Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/046Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

COMPOSICION ADITIVA DE REDUCCION DE LA FRICCION, QUE CONSTA DE UN DERIVADO DE SUCCINIMIDA DE CADENA LARGA Y UNA AMIDA DE CADENA LARGA, CON PROPIEDADES SUPERIORES DE REDUCCION DE LA FRICCION, EN ESPECIAL EN SISTEMAS DE FRENOS HUMEDOS PARA TRACTORES Y OTROS VEHICULOS.
ES90302961T 1989-03-20 1990-03-20 Modificador de friccion. Expired - Lifetime ES2055318T3 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB898906345A GB8906345D0 (en) 1989-03-20 1989-03-20 Friction modifier

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2055318T3 true ES2055318T3 (es) 1994-08-16

Family

ID=10653663

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES90302961T Expired - Lifetime ES2055318T3 (es) 1989-03-20 1990-03-20 Modificador de friccion.

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5021176A (es)
EP (1) EP0389237B1 (es)
JP (1) JP2763813B2 (es)
AU (1) AU619092B2 (es)
CA (1) CA2012182C (es)
DE (1) DE69001504T2 (es)
ES (1) ES2055318T3 (es)
GB (1) GB8906345D0 (es)
ZA (1) ZA902144B (es)

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5190680A (en) * 1989-03-20 1993-03-02 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Ltd. Friction modifier comprising a long chain succinimide derivative and long chain acid amide
GB8911732D0 (en) * 1989-05-22 1989-07-05 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Ltd Lubricant compositions
US5176840A (en) * 1990-02-16 1993-01-05 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. Gear oil additive composition and gear oil containing the same
US5225093A (en) * 1990-02-16 1993-07-06 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. Gear oil additive compositions and gear oils containing the same
US5328619A (en) * 1991-06-21 1994-07-12 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. Oil additive concentrates and lubricants of enhanced performance capabilities
EP0736082B1 (en) * 1993-12-20 2003-02-19 Infineum USA L.P. Increasing the friction durability of power transmission fluids through the use of oil soluble competing additives
GB9524642D0 (en) * 1995-12-01 1996-01-31 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Ltd Hydraulic fluids
GB9807843D0 (en) 1998-04-09 1998-06-10 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Ltd Lubricating compositions
US6326336B1 (en) * 1998-10-16 2001-12-04 Ethyl Corporation Turbine oils with excellent high temperature oxidative stability
US6179978B1 (en) 1999-02-12 2001-01-30 Eastman Kodak Company Mandrel for forming a nozzle plate having a non-wetting surface of uniform thickness and an orifice wall of tapered contour, and method of making the mandrel
US6184186B1 (en) * 1999-04-09 2001-02-06 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Ltd Lubricating compositions
DE69941979D1 (de) * 1999-07-30 2010-03-18 Afton Chemical Ltd Schmiermittelzusammensetzungen
US20050065043A1 (en) * 2003-09-23 2005-03-24 Henly Timothy J. Power transmission fluids having extended durability
EP1657292B1 (en) * 2004-11-16 2019-05-15 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil additive concentrates
JP4677359B2 (ja) * 2005-03-23 2011-04-27 アフトン・ケミカル・コーポレーション 潤滑組成物
US20060264340A1 (en) * 2005-05-20 2006-11-23 Iyer Ramnath N Fluid compositions for dual clutch transmissions
US9011556B2 (en) * 2007-03-09 2015-04-21 Afton Chemical Corporation Fuel composition containing a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide
US20090005275A1 (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-01 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Power steering fluid
US9029304B2 (en) * 2008-09-30 2015-05-12 Chevron Oronite Company Llc Lubricating oil additive composition and method of making the same
JP5642360B2 (ja) * 2009-06-16 2014-12-17 シェブロンジャパン株式会社 潤滑油組成物
US20160017250A1 (en) 2013-03-07 2016-01-21 The Lubrizol Corporation Limited Slip Friction Modifiers for Differentials

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3764536A (en) * 1971-10-14 1973-10-09 Texaco Inc Overbased calcium salts of alkenylsuccinimide
US3778372A (en) * 1971-12-23 1973-12-11 Lubrizol Corp Lubricants and fuels containing nitrogen-bearing compositions
US3894958A (en) * 1973-11-05 1975-07-15 Texaco Inc Mixed secondary alkyl amide synthetic lubricant compositions
US4048080A (en) * 1976-06-07 1977-09-13 Texaco Inc. Lubricating oil composition
JPS52155605A (en) * 1976-06-22 1977-12-24 Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd Hydraulic oil composition
US4141101A (en) * 1978-01-09 1979-02-27 Gibellina Michael C Self propelled drivehead for automatic swimming pool cleaner
US4204970A (en) * 1978-12-07 1980-05-27 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Lubricant compositions containing alkylated aromatic amino acid antioxidants
CA1139740A (en) * 1979-05-18 1983-01-18 Andrew G. Papay Oil-soluble friction-reducing additive and lubricating oil composition
US4371446A (en) * 1979-11-15 1983-02-01 Hirotsugu Kinoshita Lubricant
US4280916A (en) * 1980-03-31 1981-07-28 Shell Oil Company Lubricant composition
US4303535A (en) * 1980-05-12 1981-12-01 Texaco Inc. Hydrocarbyl carbamidopropanamide, its method of preparation and lubricating oil composition containing same
US4622735A (en) * 1980-12-12 1986-11-18 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Method for manufacturing a semiconductor device utilizing self-aligned silicide regions
US4743389A (en) * 1982-11-30 1988-05-10 Mobil Oil Corporation N-alkyl amides as friction-reducers for lubricants and fuels
US4482464A (en) * 1983-02-14 1984-11-13 Texaco Inc. Hydrocarbyl-substituted mono- and bis-succinimide having polyamine chain linked hydroxyacyl radicals and mineral oil compositions containing same
US4521318A (en) * 1983-11-14 1985-06-04 Texaco Inc. Lubricant compositions containing both hydrocarbyl substituted mono and bissuccinimide having polyamine chain linked hydroxacyl radicals, and neopentyl derivative
US4839071A (en) * 1987-05-18 1989-06-13 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Polyolefinic succinimide polyamine alkyl acetoacetate adducts as dispersants in lubricating oil compositions
US4839073A (en) * 1987-05-18 1989-06-13 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Polyolefinic succinimide polyamine alkyl acetoacetate and substituted acetate adducts as compatibilizer additives in lubricating oil compositions
US4839072A (en) * 1987-05-18 1989-06-13 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Polyolefinic succinimide polyamine alkyl acetoacetate adducts

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH02292394A (ja) 1990-12-03
AU619092B2 (en) 1992-01-16
EP0389237A3 (en) 1990-10-31
DE69001504T2 (de) 1993-08-12
JP2763813B2 (ja) 1998-06-11
EP0389237B1 (en) 1993-05-05
DE69001504D1 (de) 1993-06-09
CA2012182C (en) 1996-04-23
ZA902144B (en) 1990-12-28
EP0389237A2 (en) 1990-09-26
AU5147190A (en) 1990-09-20
CA2012182A1 (en) 1990-09-20
US5021176A (en) 1991-06-04
GB8906345D0 (en) 1989-05-04

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