ES1267235U

ES1267235U - SPACER FOR STEEL FRAMES (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Info

Publication number: ES1267235U
Application number: ES202130380U
Authority: ES
Inventors: Aparicio Jorge Cases
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-04-16
Filing date: 2018-04-16
Publication date: 2021-05-12
Anticipated expiration: 2028-04-16
Also published as: ES1267235Y

Abstract

New spacer for the steel reinforcement of a slab characterized by allowing a metal element of the reinforcement (11) to be attached to the spacer (1) while the spacer is anchored to the formwork board, it has three legs for support in this, where one of them (3) has a through opening (4) in its longitudinal direction, the spacer body emerges on the legs, which has a vertical through opening centered on its body (5) and a second concentric positioned to that made in the leg (3), in order to house the metal element of the reinforcement, the body has a notch substantially parallel to the slab, the opening of which leaves the area of the openings (4) of the leg and body of the spacer free, Cooperating with the spacer (1), it presents a conventional fixing element that is inserted into the opening of the spacer coinciding with the leg and through it, blocking the notch and the exit of the retaining frame. placing its end in the formwork. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPCI NDESCRIPTION

DISTANCIADOR PARA ARMADURAS DE ACEROSPACER FOR STEEL FRAMES

Sector de la técnicaTechnical sector

La presente invención se encuadra en el sector de la construcción, más específicamente en la conformación de estructuras de hormigón en edificios e infraestructuras.The present invention is framed in the construction sector, more specifically in the conformation of concrete structures in buildings and infrastructures.

Antecedentes de la invenciónBackground of the invention

En el campo de la arquitectura y la ingeniería son conocidas las técnicas y procedimientos para la realización de un forjado de hormigón armado, este elemento estructural puede ser horizontal: conformando la separación de las diferentes _{plantas de una edificación, o inclinado en el caso de las cubiertas. Estas estructuras}mixtas de acero y hormigón precisan que los elementos metálicos se ubiquen de forma precisa tal como fueron calculados, respetando las distancias entre ellos, así como la distancia de estos elementos metálicos dentro del diseño del canto del forjado, respetando los elementos aligerantes si los hubiere como en el caso de los forjados bidireccionales, reticulares o losas aligeradas. Cooperando en la construcción de los forjados se precisa de un elemento temporal o permanente sobre el que se vierte el hormigón que conforma una especie de molde conocido como encofrado, por su versatilidad y ligereza en los sistemas tradicionales se utilizan en obra encofrados recuperables formados por piezas de madera soportadas por una _{pluralidad de puntales metálicos regulables en altura.} In the field of architecture and engineering, the techniques and procedures for the realization of a reinforced concrete floor are known, this structural element can be horizontal: forming the separation of the different _{floors of a building, or inclined in the case of the covers. These} mixed steel and concrete structures require that the metallic elements are located precisely as they were calculated, respecting the distances between them, as well as the distance of these metallic elements within the design of the slab edge, respecting the lightening elements if they are There is, as in the case of bidirectional, waffle or lightened slabs. Cooperating in the construction of the floors requires a temporary or permanent element on which the concrete is poured, which forms a kind of mold known as formwork, due to its versatility and lightness in traditional systems, recoverable formwork made up of pieces is used on site. made of wood supported by a _{plurality of height-adjustable metal struts.}

Es de sobra conocido en el sector el empleo de separadores para garantizar el correcto recubrimiento de las armaduras y facilitar la tarea de fijación o atado de forma más cómoda, estos son realizados con materiales cerámicos u hormigón, aunque mayormente se fabrican en material plástico,como describe la patente americana con número de publicación US2013/0125798 del inventor Clayton W.lowery que describe un elemento a modo de silla con una base de apoyo al encofrado de naturaleza anular y que se eleva en forma de cono truncado que presenta unas aletas que reciben y sujetan a los elementos metálicos mediante interferencia o clipaje. Esta solución con ligeras modificaciones de geometría es aportada por otros solicitantes otorgando idéntica función, como puede apreciarse en la patente US 2012/0233956 del Inventor Wayne D. Fey o en US 8099925 del inventor WadeS, Coons. Este tipo de soluciones son de difícil empleo en forjados inclinados dado que no poseen de medios específicos para ser anclados a la estructura del encofrado con lo que no queda garantizado que permanezcan en su posición y menos en el momento de vertido del hormigón lo que compromete la seguridad del forjado, además no son válidos cuando se emplean elementos aligerantes ya que se podría producir flotación de las armaduras junto con ellos. Según modelos, tampoco son aptos para los forjados de hormigón vistos por la gran superficie de contacto de su base con el tablero que luego queda visible.The use of spacers to guarantee the correct covering of the reinforcements and to facilitate the task of fixing or tying in a more comfortable way is well known in the sector, these are made with ceramic materials or concrete, although they are mostly manufactured in plastic material, such as describes the American patent with publication number US2013 / 0125798 of the inventor Clayton W.lowery that describes a chair-like element with a support base for the formwork of an annular nature and that rises in the shape of a truncated cone that presents fins that receive and they hold to the metallic elements by means of interference or clipping. This solution with slight geometry modifications is provided by other applicants granting the same function, as can be seen in patent US 2012/0233956 of Inventor Wayne D. Fey or in US 8099925 of inventor WadeS, Coons. These types of solutions are difficult to use in sloping floors since they do not have specific means to be anchored to the formwork structure with which it is not guaranteed that they remain in their position and less at the time of pouring the concrete, which compromises the safety of the slab, in addition they are not valid when lightening elements are used since it could cause floating of the reinforcements together with them. Depending on the model, they are not suitable for concrete slabs as seen due to the large contact surface between their base and the deck, which is then visible.

El solicitante no conoce por tanto soluciones como la preconizada en la presente invención.The applicant is therefore unaware of solutions such as that advocated in the present invention.

_{Objeto de la invenciónObject of the invention}

Dotar al sector de la construcción de un elemento sencillo y de bajo coste que facilite y garantice la fijación de los elementos metálicos que conforman el forjado de una estructura, mediante una operatoria que optimice los tiempos de fijación de éstos, de aplicación tanto en forjados horizontales como en cubiertas, tanto si se trata de forjados aligerados o no. El distanciador objeto de la presente invención debe permitir en un solo paso retener el elemento metálico y fijar el propio distanciador a un encofrado recuperable de madera u otros materiales, así como permitir por su baja superficie de contacto con el encofrado su empleo en forjados vistos.Provide the construction sector with a simple and low-cost element that facilitates and guarantees the fixing of the metal elements that make up the slab of a structure, by means of an operation that optimizes their fixing times, applicable both in horizontal slabs. as in roofs, whether it is lightened slabs or not. The spacer object of the present invention must allow, in a single step, to retain the metal element and fix the spacer itself to a recoverable formwork made of wood or other materials, as well as allow its use in exposed slabs due to its low contact surface with the formwork.

_{Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention}

El distanciador para armaduras de acero preconizado consta de un cuerpo principal destinado a alojar una barra de la armadura de acero de un forjado de hormigón y medios para retener ésta dentro del cuerpo referido a la vez que el propio cuerpo del distanciador se fija al tablero de un encofrado de madera u otros materiales, por su simplicidad de fabricación y bajo coste el distanciador se realiza preferiblemente en materiales plásticos. Para lograr ambas tareas referidas, el cuerpo del distanciador dispone de tres puntos de apoyo constituidos por tres patas, una de las cuales presenta una abertura pasante en su sentido longitudinal, sobre estas patas emerge un cuerpo con una apertura pasante centrada perpendicular al encofrado que aligera el distanciador y facilita durante el hormigonado que el hormigón penetre a través de dicha abertura, también presenta otra abertura pasante concéntrica a la apertura de la pata descrita anteriormente; para alojar la barra de la armadura convenientemente en el cuerpo, éste presenta una escotadura sensiblemente paralela al plano del forjado cuya zona abierta deja libre la abertura pasante concéntrica a la pata. Una vez introducida la armadura en ésta escotadura, el distanciador preconizado dispone de medios para retener ésta y fijar a su vez el distanciador al encofrado, estos medios difieren dependiendo de la naturaleza de los paneles, en el caso de paneles o tableros de encofrar de madera estos medios se materializan mediante un elemento de fijación constituido por una pieza que actúa a modo de clavo de naturaleza preferentemente plástica que dispone por tanto de una cabeza y una punta, este clavo es introducido en la apertura del cuerpo que se _{encuentra concéntrica a la apertura de la pata, de este modo la barra de la armadura}se encuentra confinada en la escotadura, mediante la acción de un martillo sobre la cabeza del clavo la punta de éste penetra en el tablero de madera del encofrado fijando el conjunto. La acción de retener la armadura y fijar el distanciador al tablero del encofrado se realiza de forma sencilla, garantizando las cotas de diseño, y la ausencia de problemas como la flotabilidad, circunstancia habitual especialmente en los forjados aligerados. Su fijado al tablero de encofrado permite el empleo en forjados inclinados o cubiertas.The recommended spacer for steel reinforcement consists of a main body intended to house a bar of the steel reinforcement of a concrete floor and means to retain it within the referred body while the body of the spacer itself is fixed to the deck. a formwork made of wood or other materials, due to its simplicity of manufacture and low cost, the spacer is preferably made of plastic materials. To achieve both aforementioned tasks, the body of the spacer has three support points made up of three legs, one of which has a through opening in its longitudinal direction, on these legs a body emerges with a through opening centered perpendicular to the formwork that lightens the spacer y makes it easier for the concrete to penetrate through said opening during concreting, it also has another through opening concentric to the opening of the leg described above; to house the armature bar advantageously in the body, the latter has a notch substantially parallel to the plane of the floor, the open area of which leaves the through opening concentric to the leg free. Once the reinforcement has been inserted into this notch, the recommended spacer has means to retain it and in turn fix the spacer to the formwork, these means differ depending on the nature of the panels, in the case of wooden formwork panels or boards These means are materialized by means of a fixing element constituted by a piece that acts as a nail of a preferably plastic nature that therefore has a head and a tip, this nail is inserted into the opening of the body that _{is concentric to the opening of the leg, in this way the bar of the reinforcement} is confined in the notch, by means of the action of a hammer on the head of the nail the tip of the nail penetrates the wooden board of the formwork, fixing the assembly. The action of retaining the reinforcement and fixing the spacer to the formwork board is carried out in a simple way, guaranteeing the design dimensions, and the absence of problems such as buoyancy, a common circumstance especially in lightened slabs. Its fixed to the formwork board allows it to be used on sloping floors or roofs.

Se han previsto versiones para el caso de encofrados formados por placas metálicas donde los medios de fijación consisten en bloquear la armadura introduciendo a _{través de la abertura concéntrica a la pata y la abertura de la pata una sirga o brida}mediante una lazada, esta brida o sirga puede insertarse fácilmente entre las juntas de los paneles de encofrados y fijada con medios convencionales como el apriete de la sirga efectuado por una torsión de esta, u otras en las que para poder efectuar esta operación se dispone de un clavo caracterizado por disponer en su extremo a la cabeza de una forma laminar que se introduce análogamente a través de la abertura del cuerpo del distanciador y la abertura de la pata, la porción sobresaliente al forjado de esta forma laminar puede ser doblada reteniendo el conjunto de forma sencilla y eficiente.Versions have been provided for the case of formwork formed by metal plates where the fixing means consist of blocking the reinforcement by introducing _{through the concentric opening to the leg and the leg opening a wire rope or flange} by means of a loop, this flange or The wire rope can be easily inserted between the joints of the formwork panels and fixed with conventional means such as tightening the wire rope by twisting it, or others in which a nail is available in order to carry out this operation. end to the head of a laminar shape that is similarly inserted through the opening of the body of the spacer and the opening of the leg, the portion projecting to the forging of this laminar shape can be bent, retaining the whole in a simple and efficient way.

Para permitir en el caso de forjados vistos el mínimo impacto visual de los distanciadores objeto de esta invención, las patas de apoyo presentan un redondeo en sus extremos que minimiza la superficie de contacto de éstas con el encofrado, consiguiendo una buena estabilidad e integración con el hormigón. El color de separador y el clavo al ser de naturaleza plástica es sencillo de fabricar en una gama próxima al color del hormigón contribuyendo esta mimetización a que en forjados vistos sean prácticamente imperceptibles.In order to allow the minimum visual impact of the spacers object of this invention in the case of exposed floors, the support legs have a rounding at their ends that minimizes their contact surface with the formwork, achieving good stability and integration with the concrete. The spacer and nail color being plastic in nature is easy to manufacture in a range close to the color of the concrete, contributing this mimicry to make them practically imperceptible in exposed floors.

La forma de tres patas permite que el hormigón se sitúe entre ellas en el hormigonado quedando la menor parte posible de plástico expuesta al exterior y rigidizando la zona por medio del hormigón.The three-legged shape allows the concrete to be placed between them in the concreting, leaving as little plastic as possible exposed to the outside and stiffening the area by means of the concrete.

Se han previsto versiones en las que el clavo presenta una entalla próxima a su punta al objeto de facilitar tras retirar el encofrado romper el clavo mediante un golpe seco por este punto debilitado, enrasándose con la losa de hormigón formada al ser eliminado con este impacto la porción de clavo que permanecía en el tablero de _{encofrar. U otras en las que el clavo presenta en la superficie de la porción que}penetra en el encofrado de diferentes geometrías al objeto de crear una retención más firme cuando penetre en la madera, esto se resuelve por medios convencionales como un grabado en espiral, estriado o indentaciones.Versions have been envisaged in which the nail has a notch close to its tip in order to facilitate, after removing the formwork, to break the nail by means of a sharp blow at this weakened point, flush with the concrete slab formed when it is eliminated with this impact. portion of nail that remained in the _{formwork board. Or others in which the nail presents} different geometries on the surface of the portion that penetrates the formwork in order to create a firmer retention when it penetrates the wood, this is solved by conventional means such as a spiral, grooved or engraved engraving. indentations.

En algunas ocasiones como el caso de pequeños forjados donde no existe riesgo de que se muevan las armaduras se han previsto versiones donde el clavo de retención tiene una longitud sensiblemente inferior al alojamiento conformado por las aberturas del distanciador y su pata, actuando únicamente de bloqueo de la armadura sin llegar a fijarse en la estructura de encofrado.On some occasions, such as the case of small slabs where there is no risk of the reinforcement moving, versions have been provided where the retaining nail has a length that is significantly less than the housing formed by the openings of the spacer and its leg, acting only as a locking mechanism. the reinforcement without being fixed in the formwork structure.

Descripción de los dibujosDescription of the drawings

_{Para la mejor comprensión de cuanto queda descrito en la presente memoria, se}acompañan unos dibujos en los que, a título de ejemplo, se representa una relación de las figuras de la invención propuesta. _{For a better understanding of what is described in the present specification,} some drawings are attached in which, by way of example, a list of the figures of the proposed invention is represented.

Figura 1, muestra una vista isométrica del distanciador y su clavo de fijación, donde puede apreciarse:Figure 1 shows an isometric view of the spacer and its fixing nail, where it can be seen:

1. Elemento distanciador1. Spacer element

2. Patas2. Legs

3. Pata con abertura pasante3. Leg with through opening

4. Abertura pasante del distanciador concéntrica a pata 3 y abertura pata 3 5. Abertura pasante del distanciador centrada en las patas4. Through opening of the spacer concentric to leg 3 and opening of leg 3 5. Through opening of the spacer centered on the legs

6. Elemento de fijación 6. Fixing element

Figura 2, muestra una vista isométrica del distanciador con el elemento de fijación atravesando las aberturas de éste.Figure 2 shows an isometric view of the spacer with the fixing element passing through the openings of the latter.

Figura 3, puede apreciarse la punta (7) del elemento de fijación, la cabeza (8) y la entalla (9).Figure 3 shows the tip (7) of the fixing element, the head (8) and the notch (9).

Figura 4, muestra un distanciador situado sobre un tablero de encofrado (10) en situación de trabajo; el elemento de fijación se encuentra clavado en el tablero a la vez que retiene a la barra de la armadura (11).Figure 4 shows a spacer located on a formwork board (10) in a working situation; the fixing element is nailed to the deck while retaining the reinforcement bar (11).

Figura 5, puede apreciarse el distanciador previo a la colocación del elemento de fijación, la pata que presenta la abertura pasante se encuentra situada sobre la junta _{de los paneles de encofrar (12).} Figure 5, the spacer can be seen prior to the placement of the fixing element, the leg that presents the through opening is located on the joint _{of the formwork panels (12).}

Figura 6, recoge el clavo de retención empleado en los encofrados metálicos (13) dotado de un cuerpo cilíndrico (14) del que emerge en su extremo distal un cuerpo laminar metálico (15).Figure 6 shows the retention nail used in the metal formwork (13) equipped with a cylindrical body (14) from which a metal laminar body (15) emerges at its distal end.

Figura 7, puede verse la introducción del clavo de retención insertado entre la línea de unión de dos elementos de encofrar metálicos y el doblado del cuerpo laminar metálico del clavo reteniendo el conjunto.Figure 7 shows the insertion of the retention nail inserted between the joining line of two metal formwork elements and the bending of the metal laminar body of the nail, retaining the assembly.

Figura 8, muestra la fijación del conjunto distanciador y armadura mediante una lazada efectuada con una sirga(16) y su retención y atado mediante torsión ejercida por un pasador (17).Figure 8 shows the fixing of the spacer and armature assembly by means of a loop made with a wire rope (16) and its retention and tied by twisting exerted by a pin (17).

Descripción de un modo de realización preferenteDescription of a preferred embodiment

Se cita a modo de ejemplo una forma de realización preferida siendo independiente del objeto de la invención los materiales empleados en su fabricación, así como los métodos de aplicación y todos los detalles accesorios que puedan presentarse, siempre y cuando no afecten a su esencialidad.A preferred embodiment is cited by way of example, the materials used in its manufacture, as well as the application methods and all the accessory details that may be presented, as long as they do not affect its essentiality, being independent of the object of the invention.

Se plantea una forma de realización preferente del distanciador para armaduras de acero, ésta presenta medios para poder colocarse cómodamente en un forjado tanto horizontal como en una cubierta, el distanciador (1) realizado en materiales plásticos dispone de tres patas, dos de ellas son macizas (2) mientras que la tercera pata (3) figura 1 presenta una abertura pasante efectuada en su sentido longitudinal; sobre estas patas se eleva una porción del distanciador de naturaleza cilindrica, este cuerpo presenta una abertura (5) concéntrica e interior a las patas de naturaleza pasante, esta abertura aligera el distanciador y favorece en el vertido del hormigón la integración de éste a la masa. El elemento de la armadura que queremos fijar se aloja en el distanciador merced a una escotadura en el cuerpo cilíndrico descrito de naturaleza sensiblemente paralela al forjado y cuya área libre coincide con la abertura de la pata. Presenta también otra abertura pasante (4) coincidente con la que presenta la pata (3) de tal forma que a través de éstas puede introducirse un elemento que retenga la armadura, cerrando la escotadura figuras 4,7 y 8. En esta _{forma de realización preferida el elemento que garantiza la retención de la armadura}(11) y fijación del conjunto a un encofrado formado por tableros de madera (10) figura 4 está constituido por el clavo (6) figura 1, la cooperación del clavo con el distanciador permite garantizar una fijación rápida y eficiente, permitiendo trabajos en cubiertas así como en forjados aligerados como ya se ha expuesto.A preferred embodiment of the spacer for steel reinforcements is proposed, it has means to be able to be placed comfortably in a horizontal slab as well as in a roof, the spacer (1) made of plastic materials has three legs, two of them are solid (2) while the third leg (3) figure 1 has a through opening made in its longitudinal direction; on These legs raise a portion of the spacer of a cylindrical nature, this body has an opening (5) concentric and inside the legs of a through nature, this opening lightens the spacer and favors its integration into the mass in the pouring of the concrete. The reinforcement element that we want to fix is housed in the spacer thanks to a notch in the described cylindrical body of a nature substantially parallel to the slab and whose free area coincides with the opening of the leg. It also has another through opening (4) coinciding with the one presented by the leg (3) in such a way that an element that retains the frame can be inserted through these, closing the notch Figures 4, 7 and 8. In this _{embodiment The preferred element that guarantees the retention of the reinforcement} (11) and fixation of the assembly to a formwork formed by wooden boards (10) figure 4 is constituted by the nail (6) figure 1, the cooperation of the nail with the spacer allows to guarantee a fast and efficient fixing, allowing work on roofs as well as on lightened slabs as already explained.

Presenta especial ventaja para el uso en forjados vistos al disponer el distanciador de medios para minimizar la superficie de contacto con los elementos del encofrado, esta minimización se consigue reduciendo la superficie de contacto a las tres patas las cuales a su vez presentan un redondeo en sus extremos al objeto de hacer prácticamente imperceptible el distanciador tras la retirada del encofrado, esta _{singularidad es potenciada por la elección de un color en su fabricación próximo al}hormigón empleado. It has a special advantage for use in exposed slabs by having the spacer means to minimize the contact surface with the formwork elements, this minimization is achieved by reducing the contact surface to the three legs which in turn present a rounding in their extremes in order to make the spacer practically imperceptible after removal of the formwork, this _{uniqueness is enhanced by the choice of a color in its manufacture close to the} concrete used.

Claims

1. New spacer for the steel reinforcement of a slab characterized by allowing a metal element of the reinforcement (11) to be attached to the spacer (1) while the spacer is anchored to the formwork board, it has three legs for support in this, where one of them (3) has a through opening (4) in its longitudinal direction, the spacer body emerges on the legs, which has a vertical through opening centered on its body (5) and a second concentric positioned to that made in the leg (3), in order to house the metal element of the reinforcement, the body has a notch that is substantially parallel to the slab, the opening of which leaves the area of the openings (4) of the leg and body of the spacer free, cooperating with the spacer (1), it presents a conventional fixing element that is inserted into the opening of the spacer coinciding with the leg and through it, blocking the notch and the exit of the retaining frame. nding its end into the formwork.

2. New spacer of the steel reinforcements of a forging according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing element is constituted by a preferably plastic nail (6), the diameter of which will be substantially smaller than the aligned openings (4) of the body and of the leg defined with a tip and a head.

3. New spacer for the steel reinforcements of a forging according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that its fixing element (6) has a notch (9) close to its tip and to the base of the forging.

4. New spacer for the steel reinforcements of a slab according to claim 1, characterized in that its legs present a rounding in the area of contact with the formwork, minimizing its surface.

5. New spacer for the steel reinforcements of a forging according to claim 1, characterized in that its fixing means are constituted by a nail (13) composed of a cylindrical portion (14) made of plastic material from which a body departs metallic sheet (15) that is inserted between the formwork plates and that is allowed by its rigidity to be bent, fixing the assembly.

6. New spacer for the steel reinforcements of a forging according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing means are formed by being tied by means of a wire rope (16) that, inserted through the openings coincident spacer and leg, as well as inserted between the formwork plates, allows its fixation by conventional means such as a twisting of the latter aided with a pin (17).

7. New spacer of the steel reinforcements of a forging according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing means are formed by binding by means of a conventional flange that, inserted through the coincident spacer and leg openings, as well as introduced between the formwork plates allows their fixation.