ES1247809U - SOLAR TRACKER WITH VARIABLE HEIGHT PERIMETER GUIDE FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC PLATES (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Frame (1) to support photovoltaic modules (2) articulated by means of horizontal bolts (12) as a hinge to an elongated base (15) with wheels (6) and whose rotation driven by a gearbox motor (7) is about of a central bolt (3) perpendicular to the support surface characterized by having attached at its back at least one oblique upright (8) that rests on its opposite end by means of a grooved roller (10) on a perimeter guide (9) that it runs in the shape of a horseshoe open to the south and concentric to the axis of the central bolt (3) and said perimeter guide (9) is of variable height with respect to the ground to which it is fixed by supports (13), the ends of the horseshoe being more height and the central part at the minimum height so that when the reduction motor (7) operates, the grooved roller (10) advances on the perimeter guide (9) and communicates the variation in height to the oblique upright (8) and it tilts the rotating frame (1) for tilting respect to the horizontal axis (12). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

SOLAR TRACKER WITH PERIMETER HEIGHT GUIDE

VARIABLE FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC PLATES

Technical field:

The invention refers to a rotating frame for photovoltaic modules that complements its stability by means of an external perimeter guide that in turn communicates the necessary inclination variations with a performance quite close to that offered by two-axis solar trackers.

State of the art:

The existing two-axis solar trackers solve the movement based on two typologies; mono pole and carousel type. In the first, a central post has a main post articulated that pivots inscribed a plane perpendicular to the ground, the second movement is by tilting the entire photovoltaic frame with respect to the direction of said main post. In existing carousel-type trackers, the entire frame constitutes an inclined first plane that rotates with respect to an axis perpendicular to the ground and then pivots with respect to one or more horizontal axes contained in its initial inclined plane.

The present invention is of the carousel type but it differs considerably from any of the existing ones of this type in that the inclination of the frame does not take place by means of a pivoting movement but by means of a tilting regulated by an external perimeter guide of variable height.

Description of the invention:

The solar tracker of the present invention does not require hydraulic pistons, servo motors, or anemometers for defense positions, or astronomical clocks, but is powered by a simple gearbox motor (7) with its control panel. The tracker rotates from east to west during the day at the end of which the polarity of the motor is reversed to return to its initial position. As the motor drives the frame (1) in a rotational movement, its oblique uprights (8) also move, converging on a grooved roller (10) that rests on the guide. perimeter (9) whose height variations also altered the inclination of the frame (1).

The layout of the perimeter guide (9) is fixed and its variations in height correspond to all the inclinations perpendicular to the sun for a certain day of the year at a certain latitude.

The solar tracker with perimeter guide according to the characteristics of the present invention comes to fill a market gap in the field of solar trackers for small installations whose realization would be with a single perimeter guide (9) with the different heights of its supports (13 ) established so that they cause in the frame (1) the inclinations of an annual average day, that is, a day of equinox. The perfect solar tracker for this system would be mounted with 365 perimeter guides, one for each day. For practical reasons, achievements with few guides are proposed, each one corresponding to a group of days of the year with similar inclinations.

Regarding its structural behavior, in a solar tracker with a perimeter guide the photovoltaic modules are always framed within its frame (1) whose contour is non-deformable thanks to its oblique uprights (8), which is an advantage because oscillations are reduced produced by the wind that do occur in the other types of trackers because they have pivoted structures and therefore cantilevered. The wind forces that request it in any direction are transmitted to the ground without hardly causing bending moments in its main structure, which, being always triangulated, offers optimum stability when overturning without having to search for the defense position, a characteristic that all current solar trackers have. to protect themselves from big sales. The aforementioned characteristics have an impact on less structure wear and bolt vibration and therefore less maintenance.

The frame (1) to support photovoltaic modules (2), articulated by means of horizontal bolts (12) as a hinge to an elongated base (15) with wheels (6) whose rotation driven by a gearbox motor (7) is about a central bolt (3) perpendicular to the support surface and which passes through a central plate (5) with respect to which the rotation materializes and that such central bolt (3) has a head (4) integral with it and wider than the hollow of the central plate (5) so that the assembly is attached to the ground, is characterized by having attached at its back at least one oblique upright (8) that is supported at its opposite end by a grooved roller (10) on a perimeter guide (9) that runs in the shape of a horseshoe open to the south and concentric to the axis of the central bolt (3) and as said perimeter guide (9) is high variable with respect to the ground to which it is fixed by means of supports (13), leaving the ends of the horseshoe at a higher height and the central part at a minimum height so that when the reduction motor (7) operates, the grooved roller (10) advances over the perimeter guide (9) and communicates the height variation to the oblique upright (8) and it tilts the rotating frame (1) so that it tilts with respect to the horizontal axis (12).

The grooved roller (10) must have a lower hook (11) integral with it and that surrounds the perimeter guide (9) up to its lower contour so that in case of wind affecting the back of the photovoltaic modules (2) it will prevent the frame (1) turns over to the handsome side where the grooved roller (10) is located. Also a wraparound panel (19) housing the perimeter guide (9) can prevent the grooved roller (10) from coming out upwards.

A wraparound panel (19) can contain several perimeter guides (9) communicated with each other so that the grooved roller (10) runs through all of them and to ascend to an upper guide (9) pushes a ceiling lever (17) and enters in a transition channel (20) from which it retracts by passing over the roof lever (17) that has returned to its initial position by its own weight and to descend to a lower guide (9) pushes a ground lever ( 19) which is used as a descent ramp and enters a transition channel (20) from which it retracts and enters its lower guide thanks to the fact that the ground lever (19) has returned to its initial position driven by a spring .

Description of the drawings:

Other advantages and characteristics of the invention can be seen from the following description, in which, without any limiting character, some preferred ways of carrying out the invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. L is a perspective view of the solar tracker with two photovoltaic modules (2) mounted on its frame (1) facing South and with its maximum possible inclination since the grooved roller (10) rests in the lowest area of the perimeter guide (9). In this embodiment, the gear motor (7) is coupled to one of the wheels (6) of the elongated base (15).

Fig. 2 shows the solar tracker of the previous figure with its frame at the moment it is facing west, at the end of the day, with its minimum inclination possible since the grooved roller (10) is supported on the highest part of the perimeter guide (9).

Fig. 3 shows enlarged the elongated base (15) of the previous embodiment, with its horizontal bolts (12) as a hinge with the frame (1). Here it can be seen how the central bolt (3), which enables the assembly to rotate, has a head (4) attached to the ground below by a central plate (5).

Fig. 4 shows a large solar tracker facing south east and with a wraparound panel (19) that houses three perimeter guides (9) as shown in detail in Fig. 5. In this embodiment, the gear motor (7) is installed directly connected to the grooved roller (10) which, as a gear, advances through a toothed shelf (16) fixed to its perimeter guides (9).

In Fig. 5 the wrapping panel (19) of the embodiment of Fig. 4 is shown inside, showing how the perimeter guides (9) communicate at the end of their routes. The highest guide corresponds to the average inclination of the days closest to the summer solstice. The central guide corresponds to the inclination of a day of equinox. The lowest guide corresponds to the average slope of the days closest to the winter solstice.

In Fig. 6 the ends of a wraparound panel (19) are shown enlarged with the ends of travel of five perimeter guides (9), appreciating how they communicate with each other through the transition channels (20) so that the grooved roller (10) ) can go from guide to guide.

Fig.7 shows the sequence of how the grooved roller (10) ascends to a higher level guide. The gearbox motor control unit (7) has programmed openings and closings for each day of the year. For the day in which it is decided to change the guide, the stop of the motor is programmed so that the grooved roller (7) advances a few centimeters more than the previous days and at the end of the guide travel, instead of stopping, continue driving upward a roof lever (17) to position itself in a transition channel (20). Roof lever (17) falls by gravity to its initial position. Already in return travel it is stepped on by the grooved roller (10) that will enter its new upper guide.

In Fig. 8 the sequence of how the grooved roller (10) descends towards a lower guide (9) is shown, driving a ground lever (18) until it reaches a transition channel (20). The floor lever (18) returns to its initial position thanks to a spring and allows the grooved roller (10) to enter the lower channel.

Fig. 9 shows an embodiment of a solar tracker installed on a roof counter-dependent. To overcome the surface irregularities caused by the tiles, it is installed on top of a rigid base plate (14). On many occasions, due to shadows cast by adjacent buildings in the first and last hours of the day, the exposure path of the photovoltaic field must be cut as shown in this embodiment, where the wraparound panel (19) containing a single perimeter guide (9 ) inside it is shaped like a short horseshoe or ce.

Once the nature of the invention has been described, as well as the way to put it into practice, everything that does not change, alter or modify its fundamental principle is recorded, it may be subject to variations in detail, being the essential and for what it is requested. Profit, for ten years, which is summarized in the following claims.

Claims (5)

1- Frame (1) to support photovoltaic modules (2) articulated by means of horizontal bolts (12) as a hinge to an elongated base (15) with wheels (6) and whose rotation driven by a motor with reducer (7) is about of a central bolt (3) perpendicular to the support surface characterized by having attached at its back at least one oblique upright (8) that rests on its opposite end by means of a grooved roller (10) on a perimeter guide (9) that it runs in the shape of a horseshoe open to the south and concentric to the axis of the central bolt (3) and said perimeter guide (9) is of variable height with respect to the ground to which it is fixed by supports (13), the ends of the horseshoe being more height and the central part at the minimum height so that when the reduction motor (7) operates, the grooved roller (10) advances on the perimeter guide (9) and communicates the variation in height to the oblique upright (8) and it tilts the rotating frame (1) for tilting respect to the horizontal axis (12). 2. - Frame (1) according to claims 1 and 2 characterized by having several elongated uprights (8) attached to it and converging at its opposite end on the grooved roll (10). 3. - Frame (1) according to claims 1 and 2 characterized by having a lower hook (11) integral with the grooved roller (10) and that surrounds the perimeter guide (9) up to its lower contour so that in case of wind incident On the back of the photovoltaic modules (2), the frame (1) will be prevented from tipping over to the side that is suitable for where the grooved roller (10) is located. 4 - Frame (1) according to claim 1 and

for having a wraparound panel (19) that houses one or more perimeter guides (9) and that prevents the slotted roller (10) from coming out upwards so that in case of wind it affects the back of the photovoltaic modules (2) The rotating frame will be prevented from tipping over to the handsome side where the grooved roller (10) is located. 5.- Rotating frame according to claims 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the perimeter guides (9) are communicated with each other so that the grooved roller (10) runs through all of them and, in order to ascend to an upper guide (9), pushes a roof lever (17) and enters a transition channel (20) from which it retracts by passing over the roof lever (17) which has returned to its position by its own weight and to descend to a lower guide (9 ) pushes a floor lever (19) that is used as a descent ramp and enters a transition channel (20) from which it retracts and enters its lower guide thanks to the fact that the floor lever (19) has returned to its initial position powered by a spring.