ES1245206Y1 - BOX ASSEMBLY DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Device for assembling boxes (10) from a flat deployed position to a rectangular prismatic folded position, characterized in that the device comprises: - a pusher mechanism (2) configured to, a box (10) being in a flat deployed position , pressing on a rectangular base (101) of said box (10) in a longitudinal direction, perpendicular to said base (101), and moving it towards folding and flap guide systems: - a side flap folding and guide system comprising: - two side flap stops (3), arranged facing each other, configured to bend side flaps (103) of a box (10) perpendicular to the base (101), when pushing the pusher mechanism (2), the base (101) of said box (10) between said side flap stops (3); - four front ear guides (4) configured to fold four front ears (1033) towards an interior of the box (10), with respect to some side walls (1031), when pushing the pusher mechanism (2) the base (101) of the box (10) between said front ear guides (4); and - two cover extension pushers (12) where, each one of them, comprises a fourth linear actuator (121) and a second pusher (122) connected to said fourth linear actuator (121) and where said cover extension pushers (12) are configured to push and bend the two lid extensions (1032) towards the inside of the box (10), with respect to the side walls (1031), these being in a perpendicular position with respect to the base (101) of the the box (10). Device, according to the preceding claim, wherein the side flap stops (3) comprise a curved or chamfered surface for folding the side flaps (103). 3. Device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the side flap stops (3) are four and are arranged facing each other, two by two, frontally separated by a width equal to the width of the base (101) of a box (10) . Device, according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the four front ear guides (4) are positioned, facing two by two, and located, each one of them, in a longitudinal path of each front ear (1033) that undergoes the box (10) being pushed by the pusher mechanism (2); and where each front ear guide (4) comprises: - a flap lifter (41) comprising a curved surface, configured to bend, an angle less than 90 °, the front ear (1033) with respect to the side wall (1031) to which is attached, when the pusher mechanism (2) pushes the base (101) of the box (10) between the flaps lifters (41), before the pusher mechanism (2) pushes said base (101) between the side flap stops (3); - an ear bender (42) connected to the flap lifter (41), comprising an oblique surface configured to guide the front ear (1033) to a perpendicular position with respect to the base (101) and bent inwards, with respect to the side wall (1031) to which the pusher mechanism (2) is connected, when pushing, the base (101) of the box (10) between the side flap stops (3). Device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the lateral flap folding and guide system comprises: - at least two clamping plates (6), fixed, arranged facing each other and oriented in a longitudinal direction, configured to maintain the position of the side flaps (103) perpendicular to the base (101), folded by the pusher mechanism (2) when pushing the base (101) of a box (10) between the side flap stops (3); - at least two first clamping means (7) each comprising a mold press (71), a lower mold claw (72), a mold wedge (73), and a first linear actuator (74 ); and - at least two second clamping means (11) each comprising a guide (111) oriented in a longitudinal direction, a wedge stop (112), a lower guide claw (113), and a second linear actuator (114); said first (7) and second clamping means (11) configured to articulate between a clamping position of the box (10) and an open position for passage. Device, according to the preceding claim, wherein the lateral flap folding and guide system comprises four support structures (15), each one comprising a clamping plate (6), a first fastening means (7), a second fastening means (11), a side flap stop (3) and a front ear guide (4). Device according to claim 6, wherein the two cover extension pushers (12) are located, each one of them, in two of the four opposite support structures (15). Device according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a front flap folding and guiding system comprising: - two pressure mechanisms (5) configured, each one of them, to push and position two front ears (1033) to a position perpendicular to the side walls (1031); - two front flap stops (8), arranged facing each other, configured to fold each one of them, a front flap (102) of the box (10), perpendicular to the base (101), when pushing the pusher mechanism (2 ) said base (101) between said two front flap stops (8); and - two folding mechanisms (9) configured, each one of them, to pivot on themselves and fold two upper surfaces (1035) of two front ears (1033), on two respective lower surfaces (1034) to which they are attached. , connecting both surfaces (1034, 1035) of each side flap (103) to the respective front flaps (102); where, by folding the upper surface (1035) of each front lug (1033) onto the lower surface (1034), the folded box (10) comprises a stacking boss (1036). Device, the preceding claim, wherein each pressure mechanism (5) comprises a third linear actuator (51) and a first pusher (52) connected to said third linear actuator (51). 10. Device according to any of claims 8 or 9, wherein the front flap folding and guide system comprises two third clamping means (13) each comprising a fifth linear actuator (131) connected to the stop front flap (8), where said third clamping means (13) are configured to articulate between a clamping position of the box (10) and an open position for passage. Device according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the front flap folding and guide system comprises two support bars (1), arranged facing each other, in a transverse direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the pusher mechanism (2). ), where each of said support bars (1) are assembled to a pressure mechanism (5), a front flap stop (8) and a folding mechanism (9) mounted on a pivoting axis (14), arranged in parallel to the support bar (1). 12. Device, according to claims 6 and 11, where each support bar (1) is assembled to two support structures (15) and where the two support bars (1) are assembled to a single frame. Device according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the folding mechanisms (9) comprise an "L" shaped section and a bevelled stud at the corners, configured to push the upper surfaces (1035). Device according to claim 8, comprising means configured to spread adhesive on an inner surface of the front flaps (102) and the front ears (1033) of the box (10), the latter being in a flat deployed position . Device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the boxes (10) are made of cardboard, plastic or a combination of the above. Device according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a first means for lateral displacement of the boxes (10), in a flat deployed position, and a second means for lateral displacement of the boxes (10), in a folded position , comprising a rectangular prismatic shape. Device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the pusher mechanism (2) is connected to a linear actuator configured to move said pusher mechanism (2) in a longitudinal direction. Device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the pusher mechanism (2) comprises extensible adjustment means configured to adapt a push area of said pusher mechanism (2) to an area of the base (101) of a box (10) to be folded.

Description

DESCRIPTION

BOX ASSEMBLY DEVICE

FIELD AND OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The invention consists of a device for assembling cardboard boxes that comprise a rectangular parallelepiped shape, said boxes being introduced by an upper part of said device, and assembled by means of a set of connected mechanisms that provide novelty over the types of existing box stackers.

The field of application of the present invention is framed within the sector of assembly and storage, more specifically in the sector of assembly or assembly of cardboard boxes by folding.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

At present, in the logistics industry, in the assembly and manufacturing sectors, it is known that there are various types of box assemblers or assemblers, of different sizes and configurations, designed to assemble and fold different types of boxes, depending on its size, shape, material, even contained product.

In the state of the art, in the process of assembling boxes, the folding of each of the flaps that compose them is usually carried out by means of guides and stops, configured to fold each of said flaps, and by means of fixing elements such as adhesives. or staples, which secure the joints of the parts.

Typically, such box assembly devices receive, sequentially, the boxes in the unfolded state, such as in the form of plates or trays. These boxes are usually made of cardboard, although they can also be comprised of other materials such as plastics or fabrics that provide additional characteristics to the boxes, in addition to inks or stickers for identification or decoration. For the reception of the unfolded boxes, the devices are connected to transport mechanisms that move said plates or trays, which can be conveyor belts, rollers, or gears with chains and belts.

Once the devices receive the box in the unfolded state, it is moved through a series of guides that fold in an orderly manner each of the flaps that comprise it, overlapping those that are located on the sides or on the fronts, where A fixation is made with adhesives or staples, in addition to the fitting of the possible grooves with projections, obtaining a rigid element.

Once the box has been assembled, it is moved, by means of a second transport system, to a new stacking or filling machine, where it can be closed with products inside.

These devices for assembling or assembling boxes have had a development of continuous improvement, aimed at optimizing time and resources, such optimization being appreciated and necessary in the logistics industry. For this reason, the present invention presents an improved device comprising different folding, bending and clamping mechanisms, by means of which the assembly of the box is carried out quickly and without jams. This allows enormous savings in terms of the complexity of the assembly machine and in terms of the time spent in the complete assembly of a box.

One of these devices is published in the reference document ES2683004 T3, which describes a cardboard box assembly machine that comprises assembly from the folding of its flaps.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In order to achieve the objectives and avoid the drawbacks mentioned in the previous section, the invention consists of a device for assembling boxes from a flat deployed position, introduced from a top of said device, to a folded position that comprises a prismatic shape. rectangular, being ejected from a lower part. Said boxes comprise a rectangular base joined to two front flaps and two side flaps. Each of said side flaps in turn comprise a side wall joined by a first lateral margin to the base and by a second lateral margin to an extension of the lid, and two front ears that each comprise a lower surface. attached to each a front edge of the side wall and an upper surface attached to the lower surface.

The joints mentioned between the different flaps or parts of the box mean that, both in a folded and unfolded position, said parts are held together, being able to comprise a single plane when the box is fully unfolded, or being able to be folded between them, when the box is assembled.

These boxes are preferably made of cardboard, since said material allows the flaps to be folded quickly and includes a sufficiently rigid and resistant structure, when assembled, for the support and storage of elements inside. However, they can also be manufactured or comprise other materials, such as plastics, fabrics, or a combination of the above, in addition to paints or adhesives for decoration.

On the other hand, these boxes can comprise slits or holes, which allow the flaps to fit when folded as well as their stacking, one on top of the other, favoring the fit between them.

In this way, the device of the invention configured to fold this type of boxes, comprises:

- a pusher mechanism configured to, with a box in a flat deployed position, pressing on a rectangular base of said box in a longitudinal direction, perpendicular to said base, and moving it towards folding and flap guide systems:

- a side flap folding and guiding system comprising:

• two side flap stops, arranged facing each other, configured to bend side flaps of a box perpendicular to the base, by pushing, the pusher mechanism, the base of said box between said side flap stops; Y

• four front lug guides configured to fold four front lugs towards an interior of the box, with respect to side walls, as the pusher mechanism pushes the base of the box between said front lug guides.

Specifically, the pusher mechanism presses on an upper inner surface of the rectangular base of the box.

The side flap stops are spaced a width equal to or slightly greater than the width of the box base, thus when the unfolded box is moved between said stops, the base remains flat, and the box is only folded at the margins or folds that join the base with said side flaps.

In the same way, the four front ear guides that fold the front ears towards the inside of the box, means that they fold towards the position of the base of said box and not towards the outside, depending on where they are bent. the side flaps.

In one embodiment, the side flap stops comprise a curved or chamfered side flap folding surface. In this way, by contacting the box on said stops, the bending is continuous, gradual and progressive, favoring an adequate bending.

In a preferred embodiment, there are four side flap stops and they are arranged facing each other, two by two, frontally spaced an equal or slightly greater width, to allow clearance between said parts, than the width of the base of a box. The device can only work with two stops, each contacting an intermediate area of the flaps, but with two stops for each flap, properly positioned, that is, with four in total, the bending is more precise, especially with cardboard boxes of high length.

In one embodiment, the four front ear guides are positioned, facing two by two, and each located, in a longitudinal path of each front ear that the box undergoes when being pushed by the pusher mechanism; and where each front ear guide comprises:

- a flap lifter comprising a concave curved surface, configured to bend, at an angle of less than 90 °, the front lug with respect to the side wall to which it is attached, when the pusher mechanism pushes the base of the box between them flaps, before the pusher mechanism pushes said base between the side flap stops;

- an ear bender connected to the flap lifter, comprising an oblique surface configured to guide the front ear to a perpendicular position with respect to the base and bent inwards, with respect to the side wall to which it is connected, when pushing, the pusher mechanism, the base of the box between the side flap stops.

With these four front ear guides, this bending of the ears relative to the Sidewalls are produced before the side flaps are bent with respect to the base of the box, allowing the front ears to be positioned at 90 ° with respect to the base, as they form part of the side flaps, and inclined at an angle between 180 ° and 90 ° with respect to the walls the side walls.

In one embodiment, the side flap guiding and folding system comprises:

- at least two clamping plates, fixed, arranged facing each other and oriented in a longitudinal direction, configured to maintain the position of the lateral flaps perpendicular to the base, folded by the pusher mechanism when pushing the base of a box between the stops of side flaps;

- at least two first clamping means each comprising a mold press, a lower mold claw, a mold wedge, and a first linear actuator; and - at least two second clamping means each comprising a guide oriented in a longitudinal direction, a wedge stop, a lower guide claw, and a second linear actuator;

said first and second clamping means configured to articulate between a clamping position of the box and an open position for passage.

The clamping plates can be chamfered at a first end to facilitate the entry of the boxes between them and that collisions or blockages do not occur when they are inserted between said plates. Furthermore, preferably, the clamping plates are assembled to the stops of the side flaps, continuously, to prevent the flaps from losing their perpendicular position with respect to the base, when overcoming the stops.

The fastening means are used to block the longitudinal movement of the box, the side flaps being bent with respect to the base, holding it, inserting the wedges, mold and guide, in some openings or holes in the box itself, and with the base of the box resting on the nails. In this way, while the box is fastened, other mechanisms of the device can fold the rest of the box flaps.

In one embodiment, the side flap guide and folding system comprises four support structures, each of which comprises a clamping plate, a first clamping means, a second clamping means, a side flap stop and a clamping guide. front ears. These four structures are located opposite each other two by two.

In one embodiment, the lateral flap folding and guiding system comprises two lid extension pushers, each of which comprises a fourth linear actuator and a second pusher connected to said fourth linear actuator; where the lid extension pushers are configured to push and bend the two lid extensions towards the inside of the box, with respect to the side walls, these being in a perpendicular position with respect to the base of the box.

These pushers, each one of them, move a lid extension slightly towards the inside of the box, going from being oriented in a direction perpendicular to the base of the box, to an angle slightly less than 45 ° with respect to said base, preferably an angle less than 15 °. Said small displacement is useful when a second box is being pushed by the pusher mechanism on the flap folding and guide systems, and said thrust is used to press the edge of said lid extensions, moving the first box towards the outside of the device. .

In the event that the cover extensions are kept at 90 ° with respect to the base, there is a risk that a second box to be assembled, pushed by the pusher mechanism, will get stuck or wedge between said extensions, but if both are slightly inclined inwards, this problem is avoided.

In one embodiment, two of the four facing support structures comprise a lid extension pusher. In other words, of the four support structures, it is only necessary to have two pushers for the lid extensions, since they do not require a complete bending, but only a slight inward inclination.

In one embodiment, the device comprises a front flap folding and guiding system comprising:

- two pressure mechanisms configured, each one of them, to push and position two front ears to a position perpendicular to the side walls;

- two front flap stops, arranged facing each other, configured to fold each one of them, a front flap of the box, perpendicular to the base, when the pusher mechanism pushes said base between said two front flap stops; - two folding mechanisms configured, each one of them, to pivot on themselves and fold two upper surfaces of two front ears, on two respective lower surfaces to which they are attached, connecting both surfaces, of each side flap to the respective front flaps;

where, by folding the upper surface of each front ear over the lower surface, the folded box comprises a stacking boss.

Like the stops of the side flaps, the stops of the front flaps are separated a distance equal to or slightly greater than the length of the base of the box, thus allowing the passage of the base of the box between said stops, with a small clearance to avoid jams.

In a preferred embodiment, each pressure mechanism comprises a third linear actuator and a first pusher connected to said third linear actuator.

These pressure mechanisms are configured to move, each one of them, two front ears, once these have already been bent by the side flap stops, being oriented perpendicular to the base of the box, and also when they have been pushed by the front ear guides, the side walls being slightly inclined at an angle between 180 ° and 90 ° with respect to the walls. In this way, these mechanisms only have to push said front ears to position them perpendicular to the side walls to which they are connected, for a later and correct folding.

Each of the two folding mechanisms bends the two upper surfaces of the front ears, once these have been positioned by the pressure mechanisms in a position perpendicular to the side walls, so that, preferably, the folding of the upper surface is made directly on the lower surface, or non-preferably, with the front flaps between them.

The stacking projection comprised when folding the upper surface with respect to the lower one is configured to facilitate the fitting of the boxes when they are stacked, one on top of the other, introducing said stacks, four per box, into four other openings or holes in the base. of the box to be stacked.

In one embodiment, the front flap folding and guiding system comprises two third clamping means each comprising a fifth linear actuator connected to the front flap stop, where said third clamping means are configured to articulate between a holding position of the box and a position open passage.

These third clamping means comprise a similar objective to the first and second clamping means, of locking and clamping the boxes when the folding mechanisms fold the upper surface onto the lower surface.

Both the first, second and third clamping means comprise an articulated movement actuated by the linear actuators, comprising a clamping position, which blocks the passage of the box while its flaps are folded, and an open position, to allow the passage of the boxes assembled, in a descending direction, with the flaps already folded.

All these fastening means comprise a very limited movement, with only a few small degrees of articulation sufficient for the wedges to enter the recesses of the boxes and to tighten the walls of the flaps sufficiently, without affecting the structure of the box.

The first and second presser are elements connected to respective linear actuators configured to press on respective parts of the box, in specific situations, bending them with respect to other parts that are held by the clamping means, without damaging them.

In one embodiment, the front flap guide and folding system comprises two support bars, arranged frontally facing each other, in a transverse direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the pusher mechanism, where each of said support bars are assembled to a pressure mechanism. , a front flap stopper and a folding mechanism mounted on a pivoting axis, arranged parallel to the support bar.

In one embodiment, each support bar is assembled to two support structures, both support bars being assembled to a single frame. In this way, all the elements of the device are mounted on a single frame, which facilitates its transfer and commissioning.

In one embodiment, the folding mechanisms comprise an "L" shaped section and a bevelled stud in the corners, configured to push the upper surfaces.

These folding mechanisms preferably comprise fins or a flat surface which is rigidly fixed to the pivoting axis, and a projecting part, called a plug that has chamfered corners, so that, when folding the two upper surfaces on two respective bottom surfaces, the side walls of the box are not damaged, and they are easily inserted into the cavity generated in the box when folded.

In one embodiment, the device comprises means configured to spread adhesive on an inner surface of the front flaps and front ears of the box, the box being in a flat deployed position. In this way, when they are folded, the rigid union of said parts is achieved. The pusher mechanism comprises grooved surfaces on its sides to prevent it from dragging or getting impregnated with adhesive when it moves longitudinally, assembling the box.

In one embodiment, the device comprises a first means for lateral displacement of the boxes, in a flat deployed position, and a second means for lateral displacement of the boxes, in a folded position, comprising a rectangular prismatic shape.

The device operates in such a way that the first moving means moves the boxes in a transverse direction, in the unfolded position, to a position located between the pusher mechanism and the folding and guide systems. The pusher mechanism moves the boxes through the guiding and folding systems in a longitudinal direction, the second lateral displacement means being located under said systems, which also moves the boxes, already assembled, in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction. of the pusher mechanism.

In one embodiment, the pusher mechanism is connected to a linear actuator configured to move said pusher mechanism in the longitudinal direction.

In one embodiment, the pusher mechanism comprises an extensible adjustment means configured to adapt a pusher area of said pusher mechanism to an area of the base of a box to be folded. In this way, the pusher can adapt to different sizes of boxes, extending or folding down some of its parts, adjusting the pushing area as much as possible to the area of the base of the box, so that the box folds at defined margins.

In the same way, the rest of the elements included in the device can also be adjusted or calibrated depending on the size of the box to be folded, being able to position both the support structures, the support bars, as well as the elements to which they are assembled, to different positions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

To complete the description of the invention and in order to help a better understanding of its characteristics, according to a preferred example of its embodiment, a set of drawings is attached where, by way of illustration and not limitation, they have been represented the following figures:

- Figure 1a represents a plan view of a box, with all its flaps unfolded.

- Figure 1b represents a perspective view of a box, with the side flaps folded perpendicular to the base, the front ears being perpendicular to the side walls, and the front flaps partially folded also relative to the base.

- Figure 1c represents a perspective view of a box, with the side flaps and the front flaps folded 90 ° with respect to the base of the box, the upper surfaces of the front ears being folded over the lower surfaces. - Figure 2 represents a perspective view of the device for assembling boxes, where the pusher mechanism and the folding mechanisms are not shown.

- Figure 3a represents a top perspective of the pusher mechanism.

- Figure 3b represents a bottom perspective of the pusher mechanism.

- Figure 4a represents a right perspective of a support structure of the lateral flap folding and guide system, comprising a clamping plate, a first fastening means, a second fastening means, a side flap stop and an ear guide frontal.

- Figure 4b represents a left perspective of the side flap folding and guide system similar to that shown in figure 4a.

- Figure 5 represents a perspective of the lid extension pusher comprising the fourth linear actuator and the second pusher.

- Figures 6a and 6b represent perspectives of the two pressure mechanisms assembled, each one of them, to each support bar.

- Figures 7a and 7b represent perspectives of the front flap stops and of the third fastening means assembled to the support bar.

- Figures 8a and 8b represent perspectives, lower and upper, respectively, of a folding mechanism.

- Figure 9a represents a perspective of part of the front flap folding and guide system.

- Figure 9b represents a profile of part of the front flap folding and guide system, where the first presser is pushing the front ears of a box to a perpendicular position to the side wall to which it is attached, the front flaps being partially folded with respect to the base of the box.

- Figure 9c represents a profile of the front flap folding and guide system, where the front flaps are folded perpendicular to the base of the box.

- Figure 10a represents a perspective of the side flap folding and guide system where the lid extensions are located perpendicular to the base of the box.

- Figure 10b represents a perspective of the side flap folding and guide system where the lid extensions are slightly inclined by the lid extension pusher, towards the inside of the box.

- Figure 11a represents the profile of the side flap folding and guide system, where the side flaps are folded and located perpendicular to the base of the box.

- Figure 11b represents a profile of the lateral flap folding and guide system, where the lid extension pusher is pushing the lid extension towards the inside of the box, the latter being in a perpendicular direction with respect to the base of the box. box.

Figure 11c represents a profile of the side flap folding and guide system, where the lid extension pusher is pushing the lid extension towards the inside of the box, the latter being in a direction slightly inclined towards the inside. box base

Below is a list of the references used in the figures:

(1) Support bars

(2) Push mechanism

(3) Side flap stops

(4) Front ear guides

(41) Lapel lifter

(42) Ear Bender

(5) Pressure mechanisms

(51) Third linear actuator

(52) First presser

(6) Pressure plates

(7) First means of fastening

(71) Press mold

(72) Lower Mold Claw

(73) Mold wedge

(74) First linear actuator

(8) Front flap stops

(9) Folding mechanisms

(10) Boxes

(101) Base

(102) Front flaps

(103) Side flaps

(1031) Side walls (1032) Cover extensions (1033) Front lugs (1034) Lower surfaces (1035) Upper surfaces (1036) Stacking lugs (11) Second clamping means

(111) Guide

(112) Wedge stop

(113) Lower guide claw

(114) Second linear actuator (12) Cover extension pushers (121) Fourth linear actuator

(122) Second presser

(13) Third means of restraint

(131) Fifth linear actuator (14) Pivoting axes

(15) Support structures

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

As can be seen in Figures 1a-1c, the boxes (10) comprise a rectangular base (101) joined to two front flaps (102) and to two side flaps (103) where said side flaps (103) comprise, each one of them , a side wall (1031) joined by a first lateral margin to the base (101) and by a second lateral margin to a cover extension (1032), and two front ears (1033) each comprising a bottom surface (1034) attached to each a front edge of the side wall (1031) and an upper surface (1035) attached to the bottom surface (1034). As can be seen in Figure 1c, the lower surface (1034) is connected to the upper surface (1035) by means of a surface that when folded generates a stacking projection (1036) which can be used to fit into the openings or holes of the base of a box to be stacked on it.

The folded box (10) of figure 1c also shows the chamfered corners, which provides a rigid and stable structure, suitable for the transport of elements inside.

The device operates in such a way that a first lateral displacement means, not shown in the figures, moves sequentially, that is to say one at a time, the boxes (10), in an unfolded position, with adhesive on some inner surfaces of the boxes. front flaps (102) and front ear flaps (1033), and positions them on four front ear guides (4).

Once the unfolded boxes (10) are supported on said four front ear guides (4), a pusher mechanism (2), shown in Figures 3a-3b, presses the base (101) of each box (10) in a longitudinal direction, towards lateral and front flap folding and guide systems that fold, in a progressive and orderly manner, each of the box flaps (10) until they are folded and fixed. To prevent the pusher mechanism (2) from removing or dragging the adhesive bead, it comprises grooved outer surfaces, so that, when the flaps are folded with respect to the base of the box, the adhesive does not impregnate the pusher mechanism (2).

The first contact of the unfolded box (10) with the folding and flap guide systems is of the four front ears (1033) with respective four flap lifters (41) of the front ear guides (4), located in the path longitudinal of said front ears (1033). These flap lifters (41) cause the initial folding of the front ears (1033) with respect to the side walls (1031) to which they are attached, expanding the fold, due to some ear benders (42) connected to said flap lifters (41) that act as guides for the front ears (1033). In this way, the front ear guides (4) position the front ears (1033) with respect to the side walls (1031) at an angle less than 180 ° and greater than 90 °, when the pusher mechanism (2) presses the base (101) of the box (10) on them.

In the process in which the pusher mechanism (2) presses the base (101) of the box (10) in the longitudinal direction, and the front ears (1033) are bent with respect to the side walls (1031), the side flaps ( 103) are bent to a perpendicular position with respect to the base (101) of the box (1), upon contact with four side flap stops (3). Said stops (3) comprise a curved surface so that the side flaps (103) bend progressively and without abruptness that may damage them.

Also, in the process in which the pusher mechanism (2) presses the base (101) of the box (10) and the side flaps (103) are positioned perpendicular to the base (101) of the box (10), two Pressure mechanisms (5), included in the front flap folding and guide system, push each of the front ears (1033) frontally, which are inclined at an angle greater than 90 ° and less than 180 ° with respect to the walls side walls (1031) to which they are attached, bending them to a position perpendicular to said side walls (1031), as shown in Figures 9a and 9b. Said pressure mechanisms each comprise a first push-button (52) connected to a third linear actuator (51), which is the one that moves the first push-piece (52) pushing the front ears (1033), leaving the box ( 10) as shown in figure 1.

Maintaining the longitudinal travel of the pusher mechanism (2) on the box (10), and once the front ears (1033) are perpendicular to the base (101), the front flaps (102) are bent to a position that is also perpendicular to the base (101) and the side walls (1031), as shown in Figure 9c. Said bending of the front flaps (102) is due to their contact against two front flap stops (8), shown in Figures 2 and 7a.

Once the front (102) and side (103) flaps are positioned perpendicular to the base (101) of the box (10), a first (7), a second (11) and a third holding means (13) hold and retain the box (10) while the pusher mechanism (2) moves longitudinally, in the opposite direction to the previous box movement, recovering an initial position, to press a new base (101) of a second box (10).

As can be seen in figure 2, the device comprises four support structures (15), in such a way that, each of them, supports a side flap stop (3), a front ear guide (4), a plate of tightening (6), which keep the side flaps (103) folded when they have been folded by the side flap stops (3), as well as the first (7) and the second fastening means (11).

The first clamping means (7) are mounted, in an articulated manner, in each of said support structures (15), and move actuated by a first linear actuator (74).

Said linear actuator (74) moves the components of the first clamping means: a mold press (71), which, when moving, exerts pressure on the side walls of the box (10), a lower mold claw (72) , which is located under the base (101) of the box (10), and a mold wedge (73), which serves to help form the chamfer of the corners of the boxes (10).

The second fastening means (11) also function in the same way as the first (7), and comprise a wedge stop (112) which is inserted into openings in the side walls (1031) of the box (10) For its fastening, a lower guide claw (113) which is located under the base (101), a second linear actuator (114), and a guide (111), which allows the correct positioning of the elements included in the second clamping means (11) depending on the size of the box (10).

On the other hand, as can be seen in figures 7a and 7b, the front flap folding and guide system comprises two support bars (1) which support, each one of them, in addition to a pressure mechanism (5) , the third clamping means (13), which also comprise a fifth linear actuator (131) each of them. This fifth actuator Linear (131) is configured to slightly articulate the front flap stops (8) to hold the box (1).

The support bars (1) are each assembled to a pivoting shaft (14) which is coupled to a folding mechanism (9). This folding mechanism (9) shown in Figures 8a and 8b is not shown assembled to the rest of the components of Figures 2, 6 or 7, but only in isolation in said Figures 8a-8b. The pivoting axis (14) rotates on itself an angle greater than 180 °, so that it moves the folding mechanism (9) from an open position, which allows the boxes (10) to pass between the front flap stops, to a closed position, where the folding mechanisms (9) move the upper surfaces (1035) on the lower surfaces (1034), pressing them on the front flaps (102) and the front flap stops.

Two of the supporting structures (15) facing each other also comprise a lid extension pusher (12) which comprises a fourth linear actuator (121) and a second pusher (122), as shown in figure 5.

The effect of said cap extension pushers (12) can be seen in Figures 10a-10b as well as in Figures 11a-11c. At the moment in which the pusher mechanism (2) moves longitudinally, in the opposite direction, recovering an initial position to carry out a new push of the box (10), and the clamping means (7, 11, 15) hold the box (10), being this in the position shown in figure 1c, the second pushers (122) press slightly on the cover extensions (1032), inclining them less than 15 °, as shown in figure 10b and 11c, so that , a second box (10) pressed by the pusher mechanism (2), press its lower surface of the base (101) on the edges of the lid extensions (1032) of the first box (10), moving it towards a second means of displacement that moves the boxes (10) already folded transversely.

Claims (18)

1. Device for assembling boxes (10) from a flat deployed position to a rectangular prismatic folded position, characterized in that the device comprises: - a pusher mechanism (2) configured to, a box (10) being in a deployed position flat, pressing on a rectangular base (101) of said box (10) in a longitudinal direction, perpendicular to said base (101), and moving it towards folding and flap guide systems: - a side flap folding and guiding system comprising: • two side flap stops (3), arranged facing each other, configured to bend some side flaps (103) of a box (10) perpendicular to the base (101), when pushing, the pusher mechanism (2), the base ( 101) of said box (10) between said side flap stops (3); • four front ear guides (4) configured to fold four front ears (1033) towards an interior of the box (10), with respect to some side walls (1031), when pushing the pusher mechanism (2) the base (101) of the box (10) between said front ear guides (4); Y • two lid extension pushers (12) where, each one of them, comprises a fourth linear actuator (121) and a second pusher (122) connected to said fourth linear actuator (121) and where said lid extension pushers ( 12) are configured to push and bend the two lid extensions (1032) towards the inside of the box (10), with respect to the side walls (1031), these being in a perpendicular position with respect to the base (101) of the box (10). Device, according to the preceding claim, wherein the side flap stops (3) comprise a curved or chamfered surface for folding the side flaps (103). 3. Device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the side flap stops (3) are four and are arranged facing each other, two by two, frontally separated by a width equal to the width of the base (101) of a box (10) . Device, according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the four front ear guides (4) are positioned, facing two by two, and located, each one of them, in a longitudinal path of each front ear (1033) that undergoes the box (10) being pushed by the pusher mechanism (2); and where each front ear guide (4) comprises: - a flap lifter (41) comprising a curved surface, configured to bend, at an angle less than 90 °, the front lug (1033) with respect to the side wall (1031) to which it is attached, when pushing the pusher mechanism (2) the base (101) of the box (10) between the flap lifters (41), before the pusher mechanism (2) pushes said base (101) between the side flap stops (3); - an ear bender (42) connected to the flap lifter (41), comprising an oblique surface configured to guide the front ear (1033) to a perpendicular position with respect to the base (101) and bent inwards, with respect to the side wall (1031) to which the pusher mechanism (2) is connected, when pushing, the base (101) of the box (10) between the side flap stops (3). 5. Device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the lateral flap folding and guide system comprises: - at least two clamping plates (6), fixed, arranged facing each other and oriented in a longitudinal direction, configured to maintain the position of the lateral flaps (103) perpendicular to the base (101), folded by the pusher mechanism (2 ) by pushing the base (101) of a box (10) between the side flap stops (3); - at least two first clamping means (7) each comprising a mold press (71), a lower mold claw (72), a mold wedge (73), and a first linear actuator (74 ); Y - at least two second fastening means (11) each comprising a guide (111) oriented in a longitudinal direction, a wedge stop (112), a lower guide claw (113), and a second linear actuator (114); said first (7) and second clamping means (11) being configured to articulate between a clamping position of the box (10) and an open position for passage. Device, according to the preceding claim, wherein the lateral flap folding and guide system comprises four support structures (15), each one comprising a clamping plate (6), a first fastening means (7), a second fastening means (11), a side flap stop (3) and a front ear guide (4). 7. Device according to claim 6, wherein the two extension pushers of cover (12) are located, each one of them, in two of the four opposite support structures (15). Device according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a front flap folding and guiding system comprising: - two pressure mechanisms (5) configured, each one of them, to push and position two front ears (1033) to a position perpendicular to the side walls (1031); - two front flap stops (8), arranged facing each other, configured to fold each one of them, a front flap (102) of the box (10), perpendicular to the base (101), when pushing the pusher mechanism (2 ) said base (101) between said two front flap stops (8); Y - two folding mechanisms (9) configured, each one of them, to pivot on themselves and fold two upper surfaces (1035) of two front ears (1033), on two respective lower surfaces (1034) to which they are attached, connecting both surfaces (1034, 1035) of each side flap (103) to the respective front flaps (102); where, by folding the upper surface (1035) of each front lug (1033) onto the lower surface (1034), the folded box (10) comprises a stacking boss (1036). Device, the preceding claim, wherein each pressure mechanism (5) comprises a third linear actuator (51) and a first pusher (52) connected to said third linear actuator (51). 10. Device according to any of claims 8 or 9, wherein the front flap folding and guide system comprises two third clamping means (13) each comprising a fifth linear actuator (131) connected to the stop front flap (8), where said third clamping means (13) are configured to articulate between a clamping position of the box (10) and an open position for passage. Device according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the front flap folding and guide system comprises two support bars (1), arranged facing each other, in a transverse direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the pusher mechanism (2). ), where each of said support bars (1) are assembled to a pressure mechanism (5), a front flap stop (8) and a folding mechanism (9) mounted on a pivoting axis (14), arranged parallel to the support bar (1). 12. Device, according to claims 6 and 11, where each support bar (1) is assembled to two support structures (15) and where the two support bars (1) are assembled to a single frame. Device according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the folding mechanisms (9) comprise an "L" shaped section and a bevelled plug at the corners, configured to push the upper surfaces (1035). Device according to claim 8, comprising means configured to spread adhesive on an inner surface of the front flaps (102) and the front ears (1033) of the box (10), the latter being in a flat deployed position . Device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the boxes (10) are made of cardboard, plastic or a combination of the above. Device according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a first means for lateral displacement of the boxes (10), in a flat deployed position, and a second means for lateral displacement of the boxes (10), in a folded position , comprising a rectangular prismatic shape. 17. Device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the pusher mechanism (2) is connected to a linear actuator configured to move said pusher mechanism (2) in a longitudinal direction. Device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the pusher mechanism (2) comprises extensible adjustment means configured to adapt a push area of said pusher mechanism (2) to an area of the base (101) of a box (10) to be folded.