ES1228820U - SOLAR TRACKER (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

SOLAR TRACKER (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDF

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ES1228820U
ES1228820U ES201930513U ES201930513U ES1228820U ES 1228820 U ES1228820 U ES 1228820U ES 201930513 U ES201930513 U ES 201930513U ES 201930513 U ES201930513 U ES 201930513U ES 1228820 U ES1228820 U ES 1228820U
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solar
support
pillars
platform
solar tracker
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ES201930513U
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ES1228820Y (en
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Rifaterra José Luis Fayos
Herrero Javier Pérez
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Axial Sist Solares S L
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Axial Sist Solares S L
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Abstract

Solar tracker comprising - at least one platform (PF) where solar panels are connected (2); - the solar panels (2) adjacent to one another arranged in one or more rows (3, 4) by means of support elements (5a, 5b); - where the supporting elements (5a, 5b) are connected to at least one pillar (7) comprising drive means, and to at least two supporting and supporting pillars (8); - where the pillars (7, 8) are anchored in a base area (BA) or ground, - means (14) for moving the platform (PF) with respect to the direction of the sun characterized in that - a locking system (1) is configured in such a way that when the platform (PF) is not moving, each row (3, 4) has at least three points torsionally embedded. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION

SEGUIDOR SOLARSOLAR TRACKER

CAMPO TECNICO DE LA INVENCIONTECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

La presente invencion se encuadra en el campo tecnico de las instalaciones solares fotovoltaicas o ISF, y particularmente en el de los denominados seguidores solares o estructuras moviles que permiten modificar la orientation de la superficie de captation solar a fin de posicionar los modulos fotovoltaicos constituidos por paneles solares lo mas perpendiculares al sol posible a lo largo del dla, dentro de sus rangos de movimiento, para compensar el efecto del movimiento terrestre durante las horas de sol.The present invention falls within the technical field of photovoltaic solar installations or ISF, and particularly in the so-called solar trackers or mobile structures that allow to modify the orientation of the solar captation surface in order to position the photovoltaic modules constituted by panels solar as perpendicular to the sun possible throughout the day, within their range of motion, to compensate the effect of land movement during sunny hours.

ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIONBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

En la actualidad los seguidores solares se clasifican en funcion de su numero de ejes.At present, solar trackers are classified according to their number of axes.

Cada uno de ellos se asocia a un grado de libertad, identificando los grados de libertad o GDL como el numero de movimientos independientes puede ejecutar una maquina ya sea lineal o rotacionalmente.Each one of them is associated to a degree of freedom, identifying the degrees of freedom or GDL as the number of independent movements can execute a machine either linearly or rotationally.

Los movimientos de los seguidores solares siempre seran de tipo rotacional con el fin de poder situar la superficie de captacion solar dotada de modulos fotovoltaicos del modo mas perpendicular a la position del sol, de manera que se pueda captar la mayor radiation solar posible. Para ello el numero mlnimo de grados de libertad de movimiento o GDL necesarios es dos.The movements of the solar trackers will always be of rotational type in order to be able to place the solar capture surface equipped with photovoltaic modules in the most perpendicular way to the position of the sun, so that the highest possible solar radiation can be captured. For this the minimum number of degrees of freedom of movement or GDL needed is two.

A continuation, se describen los diferentes tipos de estructuras para las instalaciones fotovoltaicas que existen, entre las que se incluyen los seguidores solares.The following describes the different types of structures for photovoltaic installations that exist, including solar trackers.

Estructuras fijas: Se denomina de esta forma a las instalaciones solares fotovoltaicas cuyos paneles solares permanecen en la misma posicion a lo largo del tiempo.Fixed structures: This is the name for photovoltaic solar installations whose solar panels remain in the same position over time.

Estructuras moviles de un eje: Se denomina de esta forma los seguidores solares o instalaciones compuestas por una estructura con una parte fija y otra movil que dispone de medios para modificar la orientacion de la superficie de captacion solar que presentan solamente un grado de libertad de movimiento o GDL1. Mobile structures of an axis: This is the name of the solar trackers or installations composed of a structure with a fixed part and a mobile part that has means to modify the orientation of the solar collection surface that only have a degree of freedom of movement or GDL1.

Existen tres tipos de seguidores solares de un eje: Polar, azimutal, y horizontal.There are three types of solar trackers of an axis: Polar, azimuthal, and horizontal.

Los seguidores solares de eje polar presentan un eje orientado al sur e inclinado un angulo igual a la latitud. El giro se ajusta para que la normal a la superficie coincida con el meridiano terrestre que contiene al sol.Solar trackers with a polar axis have an axis oriented to the south and inclined at an angle equal to latitude. The turn is adjusted so that the normal to the surface coincides with the terrestrial meridian that contains the sun.

Los seguidores solares de eje azimutal presentan un eje vertical, el angulo de la superficie es constante e igual a la latitud, y el giro se ajusta para que la normal a la superficie coincida con el meridiano local que contiene al solThe azimuthal axis solar trackers have a vertical axis, the angle of the surface is constant and equal to the latitude, and the rotation is adjusted so that the normal to the surface coincides with the local meridian that contains the sun

Los seguidores solares de eje horizontal presentan un eje horizontal y orientado en direction norte-sur. El giro se ajusta para que la normal a la superficie coincida con el meridiano terrestre que contiene al sol.The horizontal axis solar trackers have a horizontal axis and oriented in a north-south direction. The turn is adjusted so that the normal to the surface coincides with the terrestrial meridian that contains the sun.

La velocidad de giro en los seguidores solares de un eje polar es constante de 15° por hora, mientras que los de un eje azimutal tienen una velocidad variable.The speed of rotation in the solar trackers of a polar axis is constant of 15 ° per hour, while those of an azimuth axis have a variable speed.

En terminos de captation de radiation solar y de forma general las estructuras de seguimiento azimutal se situan en torno a valores medios del 7% menos de radiacion que el seguimiento en dos ejes, y un 4% menos que el seguimiento de un eje polar, pero pueden alcanzar radiaciones de hasta un 25% superior frente a las estructuras fijas.In terms of solar radiation capture and generally the azimuth tracking structures are around average values of 7% less radiation than the two-axis tracking, and 4% less than the tracking of a polar axis, but they can reach radiations up to 25% higher compared to fixed structures.

Estructuras moviles de dos ejes: Se denomina de esta forma los seguidores solares o instalaciones compuestas por una estructura con una parte fija y otra movil que dispone de medios para modificar la orientation de la superficie de captacion solar con dos grados de libertad de movimiento o GDL2, capaces de hacer un seguimiento solar mas preciso.Two-axis mobile structures: This is the name of solar trackers or installations composed of a structure with a fixed part and a mobile part that has means to modify the orientation of the solar capture surface with two degrees of freedom of movement or GDL2 , able to make a more precise solar tracking.

Este tipo de seguidores solares mantiene siempre perpendicular a la position del sol, maximizando asl la captacion de radiacion solar y con ello la generation de electricidad.This type of solar trackers always keeps perpendicular to the position of the sun, thus maximizing the capture of solar radiation and with it the generation of electricity.

Para orientarlos se debe realizar un seguimiento tanto en direccion como en elevation, lo que implica tener dos actuadores, para variar la inclination del panel de forma horizontal y vertical. To orient them, a follow-up must be carried out both in direction and in elevation, which implies having two actuators, to vary the inclination of the panel horizontally and vertically.

Pueden ser mono-poste o de tipo carrusel dependiendo de si tienen uno o varios apoyos distribuidos a lo largo de la superficie.They can be mono-post or carousel type depending on whether they have one or more supports distributed along the surface.

Estas instalaciones alcanzan los valores maximos de rendimiento en captacion de radiaciones solares, en valores comprendidos entre el 36% y el 41% de eficiencia, esto es, del 30% al 45% mas que las estructuras fijas. Sin embargo suponen una inversion de coste y mantenimiento considerablemente mas alta, por lo que a la hora de elegir el tipo de estructura para la instalacion solar fotovoltaica es necesario llevar a cabo un estudio en el que influyen diversos parametros.These installations reach the maximum performance values in solar radiation collection, in values between 36% and 41% efficiency, that is, from 30% to 45% more than fixed structures. However, they represent a considerably higher investment in cost and maintenance, so when choosing the type of structure for the photovoltaic solar installation it is necessary to carry out a study in which various parameters influence.

Algunos de los parametros mas caracterlsticos que permiten decidir que tipos de seguimientos se adecuan mas a las necesidades del proyecto son el incremento de production de energla, el coste del equipo e instalacion del mismo, la resistencia al viento, la disponibilidad y el coste y sencillez o complejidad de mantenimiento.Some of the most characteristic parameters that allow us to decide which types of monitoring are best suited to the needs of the project are the increase in energy production, the cost of equipment and installation thereof, wind resistance, availability and cost and simplicity. or complexity of maintenance.

El seguimiento se puede realizar por distintos metodos:The tracking can be done by different methods:

Seguimiento por reloj solar, que esta sujeto a la unidad de tiempo de 24 horas, variando su position respecto al ciclo de esta unidad, con un seguimiento efectivo de 12 horas, sin considerar cambios de condiciones climaticas repentinas debido a que no se asocia a un estudio preliminar del clima.Follow-up by solar clock, which is subject to the unit of time of 24 hours, varying its position with respect to the cycle of this unit, with an effective monitoring of 12 hours, without considering changes of sudden climatic conditions because it is not associated with a preliminary climate study.

Seguimiento por sensores, que permite la detection o medida que falta en el correcto angulo entre la radiation solar y la superficie del panel solar, el cual debe ser de 90° para una mejor captacion.Monitoring by sensors, which allows the detection or measurement that is missing in the correct angle between the solar radiation and the surface of the solar panel, which must be 90 ° for a better capture.

Seguimiento por coordenadas calculadas, que sigue la trayectoria del sol entre cada posicion mediante el calculo de sus coordenadas astronomicas, no precisa de la presencia de radiacion, los sistemas de coordenadas son inmunes a los dlas nublados y otro tipo de circunstancias que puede producir errores, como por ejemplo los destellos.Tracking by calculated coordinates, which follows the path of the sun between each position by calculating its astronomical coordinates, does not require the presence of radiation, coordinate systems are immune to cloudy days and other types of circumstances that can produce errors, as for example the flashes.

Uno de los problemas a los que se enfrenta cualquier instalacion de seguimiento es el movimiento que se produce cuando incide una fuerza externa, en este caso el viento, sobre un seguidor, y que se puede describir mediante la ecuacion diferencial de segundo orden de un movimiento amortiguado forzado (I2D A0 c0 A0 k0 A0 = m2D(0o, A0, A0, A0)). Donde tetha describe la position de seguidor, y depende de la inercia, del coeficiente de amortiguamiento y de la rigidez torsional en este caso.One of the problems that any tracking installation faces is the movement that occurs when an external force, in this case the wind, impinges on a follower, and that can be described by the differential equation of the second order of a movement. forced damped (I2D A0 c0 A0 k0 A0 = m2D (0o, A0, A0, A0)). Where tetha describes the position of the follower, and depends on the inertia, the damping coefficient and the torsional rigidity in this case.

Mantener la estructura a salvo de los fenomenos dinamicos producidos por la interaction entre el viento y la estructura requiere disenar una estructura cuya velocidad crltica ante estos efectos, entendida como velocidad necesaria para que ocurran, este alejada de la velocidad maxima esperada. Aumentar la velocidad crltica se consigue aumentando o bien su inercia, o bien aumentando el amortiguamiento, o bien la rigidez.Keeping the structure safe from the dynamic phenomena produced by the interaction between the wind and the structure requires designing a structure whose critical speed before these effects, understood as the speed necessary for them to occur, is far from the maximum speed expected. Increasing the critical speed is achieved by increasing either its inertia, either by increasing damping or rigidity.

Ante ciertas velocidades de viento esto se soluciona en el estado de la tecnica mediante la instalacion de amortiguadores. Instalar estos amortiguadores o aumentar la section del tubo, i.e. aumentar inercia, es la solution convencionalmente adoptada para enfrentarse a este problema, si bien presenta limitaciones y desventajas dado que las velocidades de viento que puede soportar la estructura sin llegar a ser inestable son mucho menores. Para determinadas ubicaciones, donde las velocidades de viento maximas son muy elevadas, el sistema de amortiguamiento puede resultar insuficiente para estabilizar el sistema. Mediante el amortiguamiento tambien se producen muchas mas oscilaciones de la estructura, ya que, por la naturaleza del metodo, la placa fluctua y el amortiguador ha de atenuar este movimiento antes de detenerse en una posicion de estabilidad. Estas oscilaciones de la estructura producen fatiga en los materiales que puede, tras muchos ciclos, resultar en un fallo estructural por microrroturas y grietas. Por otra parte, el sistema de amortiguamiento tambien genera mas oscilaciones en la estructura antes de lograr estabilizarla. Estas oscilaciones hacen el flujo de aire mas impredecible y puede generar vibraciones en las placas posteriores, de manera que estas se desestabilicen mas facilmente.At certain wind speeds this is solved in the state of the art by the installation of shock absorbers. Install these shock absorbers or increase the section of the tube, i.e. increase inertia, is the solution conventionally adopted to deal with this problem, although it has limitations and disadvantages given that the wind speeds that the structure can support without becoming unstable are much lower. For certain locations, where the maximum wind speeds are very high, the damping system may be insufficient to stabilize the system. By means of damping, many more oscillations of the structure are also produced, since, due to the nature of the method, the plate fluctuates and the damper has to attenuate this movement before stopping in a stability position. These oscillations of the structure produce fatigue in the materials that can, after many cycles, result in a structural failure by micro-tears and cracks. On the other hand, the damping system also generates more oscillations in the structure before stabilizing it. These oscillations make the air flow more unpredictable and can generate vibrations in the back plates, so that they are more easily destabilized.

Por todo ello resultaba deseable desarrollar un seguidor dotado de un sistema y solucion mejorados para afrontar de manera mas segura y eficiente estos eventos y dotar a la estructura de la instalacion de medios aptos para soportar con estabilidad velocidades de viento superiores a los llmites de las soluciones del estado de la tecnica.Therefore, it was desirable to develop a follower equipped with an improved system and solution to deal with these events in a safer and more efficient manner and provide the installation structure with suitable means to support wind speeds above the limit of the solutions with stability. of the state of the art.

DESCRIPCION DE LA INVENCIONDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A efectos de terminologla que se emplea en esta memoria descriptiva, la referencia a modulo fotovoltaico o modulo debe interpretarse como aquel formado por la union de varios paneles solares en funcion de la potencia que se precise para la instalacion, que van montados sobre una estructura de soporte o marco.For the purposes of terminology used in this specification, the reference to a photovoltaic module or module must be interpreted as that formed by the union of several solar panels depending on the power required for the installation, which they are mounted on a support structure or frame.

El panel solar a su vez esta formado por un conjunto de celulas solares, conectadas electricamente y encapsuladas, que constituyen el generador de la instalacion.The solar panel in turn is formed by a set of solar cells, electrically connected and encapsulated, which constitute the generator of the installation.

Cuando la potencia que se desea generar es elevada se requiere agrupar y conectar entre si un conjunto de paneles solares formando una serie de modulos, los cuales se montan sobre una diversidad de estructuras posibles tal y como se ha explicado en el apartado precedente.When the power to be generated is high, it is required to group and connect a set of solar panels together forming a series of modules, which are mounted on a variety of possible structures as explained in the preceding section.

La referencia a sistemas mono-fila no significa que la instalacion solar fotovoltaica basada en estos sistemas no pueda configurarse con multitud de filas de modulos fotovoltaicos, sino a que son sistemas cuyo movimiento y orientation puede llevarse a cabo con al menos una sola fila de modulos fotovoltaicos, mientras que otros sistemas, a los que se hara referencia como multi-fila, precisan necesariamente de instalar mas de una fila de modulos fotovoltaicos por el sistema de orientacion que utilizan.The reference to mono-row systems does not mean that the photovoltaic solar installation based on these systems can not be configured with a multitude of rows of photovoltaic modules, but that they are systems whose movement and orientation can be carried out with at least a single row of modules. photovoltaic, while other systems, referred to as multi-row, necessarily need to install more than one row of photovoltaic modules by the orientation system they use.

Se denomina mono-fila porque cada accionamiento mueve una sola fila. Por lo que se podrla tener un parque o ISF compuesto por un solo seguidor. No obstante, en la practica siempre son parques de multiples filas de seguidores, siendo un parque compuesto por seguidores mono-fila. Por tanto mono-fila o multi-fila no se refiere al numero de seguidores sino a la cantidad de seguidores que mueve un solo accionamiento de manera independiente.It is called mono-row because each drive moves a single row. So you could have a park or ISF composed of only one follower. However, in practice they are always parks of multiple rows of followers, being a park composed of single-line followers. Therefore mono-row or multi-row does not refer to the number of followers but to the number of followers that moves a single drive independently.

En los sistemas multi-fila, una desventaja habitual del accionamiento conjunto de varias filas de la instalacion, radica en la existencia de impedimentos que se extienden inferiormente con respecto a la plataforma que soporta los modulos fotovoltaicos y superan la profundidad de las filas, de modo que existen impedimentos al paso libre por el terreno existente entre las filas.In multi-row systems, a common disadvantage of the joint operation of several rows of the installation, lies in the existence of impediments that extend inferiorly with respect to the platform that supports the photovoltaic modules and exceed the depth of the rows, so that there are impediments to free passage through the land between the rows.

Para superar los inconvenientes y limitaciones de las soluciones del estado de la tecnica antes referidas para enfrentarse a eventos de fenomenos dinamicos producidos por la interaction entre el viento y la estructura y conjunto de la instalacion se ha optado por bi-empotrar torsionalmente la estructura mediante un sistema de bloqueo, lo que representa una evolution ventajosa y alternativa de optimization de los seguidores conocidos y los sistemas empleados en estos. In order to overcome the drawbacks and limitations of the aforementioned prior art solutions to face dynamical phenomena produced by the interaction between the wind and the structure and the whole of the installation, it has been chosen to twist the structure torsionally by means of a blocking system, which represents an advantageous and alternative evolution of optimization of the known followers and the systems employed in these.

De esta manera se aumenta sustancialmente la rigidez torsional, convirtiendo la estructura en una estructura fija mono-poste siempre que esta detenida, ya que por ejemplo y en una realization de la invention, un conjunto de cilindro y piston hidraulico funciona como una diagonal estructural en los dos pilares extremos de cada seguidor.In this way the torsional rigidity is substantially increased, converting the structure into a fixed mono-post structure whenever it is stopped, since for example and in a realization of the invention, a hydraulic cylinder and piston assembly functions as a structural diagonal in the two extreme pillars of each follower.

El sistema de bloqueo funciona de la siguiente manera, siempre que la unidad de giro esta parada, los medios de bloqueo estan activados, de manera que cada seguidor tiene 3 puntos empotrados torsionalmente. De este modo no importa el angulo en el que se encuentre el seguidor, si los medios de accionamiento estan detenidos, el seguidor esta bloqueado.The locking system works in the following manner, provided that the turning unit is stopped, the blocking means are activated, so that each follower has 3 torsionally embedded points. In this way it does not matter which angle the tracker is in, if the drive means are stopped, the tracker is blocked.

Ademas, con esta solution no se renuncia el beneficio de tener un amortiguador cuando el seguidor esta en movimiento ya que cuando los medios de accionamiento se activan, los medios de bloqueo trabajan como un amortiguador de alto coeficiente de amortiguamiento.Furthermore, with this solution, the benefit of having a damper when the follower is in motion is not renounced since when the actuation means are activated, the locking means work as a cushion of high damping coefficient.

De este modo en una puesta en defensa, situacion durante la cual los medios de accionamiento se encuentran activados durante unos minutos, el efecto del sistema de bloqueo preconizado equivale funcionalmente a que la estructura tuviera instalados amortiguadores en los pilares extremos.In this way in a defense, situation during which the actuation means are activated for a few minutes, the effect of the proposed locking system is equivalent functionally to the structure having dampers installed on the end pillars.

El seguidor solar objeto de la invencion esta preferiblemente compuesto por 3 filas y 20 columnas de modulos por eje, con un total de 56 modulos fotovoltaicos. Los modulos estan instalados en position horizontal, el mastil que soporta los modulos tiene un grado de libertad de giro horizontal y un sistema de accionamiento que permite orientarse a los modulos en las direcciones este-oeste en un rango de ±55° de inclination siguiendo la radiacion solar.The solar tracker object of the invention is preferably composed of 3 rows and 20 columns of modules per axis, with a total of 56 photovoltaic modules. The modules are installed in horizontal position, the mast that supports the modules has a degree of freedom of horizontal rotation and a drive system that allows to orient the modules in the east-west directions in a range of ± 55 ° inclination following the solar radiation.

El seguidor es de autoconsumo e incluye un panel solar, alimenta el dispositivo de control del seguidor para otorgar el consumo necesario a la unidad de giro. El eje central esta dividido en dos mitades o semi-ejes, que se unen en el centro del seguidor sobre un pilar central que comprende medios de accionamiento tales como un conjunto motoreductor, y al menos en la proximidad de los dos extremos de cada mitad o semi-eje de cada seguidor se disponen sendos pilares externos de apoyo y acompanamiento del movimiento de la parte movil de la estructura. The follower is self-consumed and includes a solar panel, feeding the follower control device to grant the necessary consumption to the turning unit. The central axis is divided into two halves or semi-axes, which are joined in the center of the follower on a central pillar comprising drive means such as a motor reducer assembly, and at least in the vicinity of the two ends of each half or Semi-axis of each follower are provided external pillars of support and accompaniment of the movement of the mobile part of the structure.

Cada uno de los dos semi-ejes esta compuesto diversos tramos de tubo cuadrado, denominados mastiles de inicio, mastil central y/o mastil extremo.Each of the two semi-axes is composed of several sections of square tube, called start masts, central mast and / or end mast.

El eje del seguidor se apoya preferiblemente en 4 pilares internos, dos situados a cada lado del pilar central, y en 2 pilares externos, dispuestos cada uno en la proximidad de los respectivos extremos laterales del seguidor, estando estos ultimos dotados de medios de bloqueo del movimiento. La union del eje a cada pilar esta disenada de forma que permita el giro del eje sobre este.The axis of the follower preferably rests on 4 internal pillars, two located on each side of the central pillar, and on 2 external pillars, each arranged in the vicinity of the respective lateral ends of the follower, the latter being provided with means for blocking the movement. The union of the axis to each pillar is designed in a way that allows the rotation of the axis on it.

El apoyo del mastil sobre los pilares externos es diferente, para instalar un conjunto de cilindro y piston hidraulico en el seguidor. Estos pilares son mas cortos que los pilares centrales, y presentan dos bases gula que permiten instalar los medios de bloqueo hidraulico entre estas dos piezas. Los medios de bloqueo comprenden preferentemente un cilindro hidraulico y una electrovalvula, con un funcionamiento basado en que la valvula esta siempre evitando el paso de un fluido entre las camaras del cilindro. Cuando se activan los medios de accionamiento del seguidor se abre la valvula, permitiendo el paso de fluido y por tanto desbloqueando el seguidor. De esta forma, siempre que el seguidor no esta en movimiento o adquiriendo una nueva posicion, esta bloqueado torsionalmente en los extremos.The support of the mast on the external pillars is different, to install a set of hydraulic cylinder and piston in the follower. These pillars are shorter than the central pillars, and have two guide bases that allow installing the hydraulic locking means between these two pieces. The blocking means preferably comprise a hydraulic cylinder and an electrovalve, with an operation based on the fact that the valve is always preventing the passage of a fluid between the cylinder chambers. When the means for activating the follower are activated, the valve opens, allowing the passage of fluid and therefore unlocking the follower. In this way, whenever the tracker is not moving or acquiring a new position, it is blocked torsionally at the ends.

La union con el mastil del seguidor se realiza mediante una abrazadera especial y dos brazos unidos a un eje entre cada base gula y el sistema se fija a los pilares extremos mas cortos por medio de dos soportes y un refuerzo.The union with the mast of the follower is done by means of a special clamp and two arms joined to an axis between each guide base and the system is fixed to the shorter end pillars by means of two supports and a reinforcement.

BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LAS FIGURASBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Para complementar la descripcion y con la finalidad de contribuir a una mejor comprension de las caracterlsticas esenciales de la invencion, se acompana a la presente memoria descriptiva como parte integrante de la misma, unos planos esquematicos en los que con caracter ilustrativo y no limitativo se representan aspectos y realización es de la invencion.To complement the description and in order to contribute to a better understanding of the essential characteristics of the invention, the descriptive report is included as an integral part thereof, some schematic plans in which illustrative and non-limiting character are represented aspects and embodiment is of the invention.

La figura 1 son dos vistas generales, en planta superior y en alzado frontal respectivamente, de una instalacion solar fotovoltaica conforme a una posible realización del seguidor solar. Figure 1 shows two general views, on the upper floor and in frontal elevation respectively, of a photovoltaic solar installation according to a possible embodiment of the solar tracker.

La figura 2 es una vista en perspectiva inferior de un detalle de la parte central de una instalacion solar fotovoltaica conforme a una posible realización del seguidor solar.Figure 2 is a bottom perspective view of a detail of the central part of a photovoltaic solar installation according to a possible embodiment of the solar tracker.

La figura 3 es una vista en alzado lateral del sistema de bloqueo conforme a una posible realización del seguidor solar.Figure 3 is a side elevational view of the locking system according to a possible embodiment of the solar tracker.

La figura 4 es una vista en perspectiva superior del sistema de bloqueo conforme a una posible realización del seguidor solar.Figure 4 is a top perspective view of the locking system according to a possible embodiment of the solar tracker.

En estas figuras aparecen referencias que identifican los siguientes elementos:In these figures references that identify the following elements appear:

1 sistema de bloqueo1 locking system

1-1 parte fija del sistema1-1 fixed part of the system

1-2 parte movil del sistema1-2 mobile part of the system

2 paneles solares2 solar panels

3, 4 filas de paneles solares3, 4 rows of solar panels

5a, 5b elementos de soporte5a, 5b support elements

6 mastil del seguidor6 follower mast

7 pilar de accionamiento7 drive pillar

8 pilar de apoyo y acompanamiento8 pillar of support and accompaniment

9 dispositivo de control electronico9 electronic control device

10 sensor10 sensor

11 bases gula11 gula bases

12,13 brazos12,13 arms

14 medios para mover la plataforma14 means to move the platform

15 conjunto de cilindro y piston hidraulico15 hydraulic cylinder and piston assembly

BA area de baseBA base area

PF plataformaPF platform

D plano diagonalD diagonal plane

ED eje de giro descentradoED offset axis

EG eje de giro del soporte de la plataformaEG axis of rotation of the platform support

REALIZACION PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCION PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

A la vista de las mencionadas figuras, y de acuerdo con las referencias identificativas adoptadas en ellas se puede observar un ejemplo no limitativo del seguidor solar preconizado, el cual comprende las partes y elementos que se indican y describen en detalle a continuation.In view of the aforementioned figures, and in accordance with the identification references adopted therein, a non-limiting example of the recommended solar tracker can be observed, which comprises the parts and elements that are indicated and described in detail below.

El seguidor solar objeto de la invention conforme a una realization preferida, no limitativa, presenta una estructura que comprende al menos una plataforma PF donde se conectan paneles solares 2 adyacentes unos a otros dispuestos en una o varias filas 3,4 por medio de elementos de soporte 5a,5b, donde los elementos de soporte 5a,5b estan conectados a por lo menos un pilar 7 que comprende medios de accionamiento, y a por lo menos dos pilares de apoyo y acompanamiento 8 que estan anclados en un area de base BA o suelo, y medios 14 para mover la plataforma PF con respecto a la direction del sol, como por ejemplo y al menos un motor o unidad de giro, incorporando el seguidor un sistema de bloqueo 1 que esta configurado de forma que cuando la plataforma PF no esta en movimiento, cada fila 3,4 tiene siempre al menos tres puntos empotrados torsionalmente, estando de dicho modo bloqueado completamente su movimiento y fija.The solar tracker object of the invention according to a preferred embodiment, not limiting, has a structure comprising at least one PF platform where solar panels 2 adjacent to each other are connected arranged in one or more rows 3,4 by means of elements of support 5a, 5b, wherein the support elements 5a, 5b are connected to at least one pillar 7 comprising actuating means, and to at least two support and support pillars 8 that are anchored in a base area BA or floor , and means 14 for moving the platform PF with respect to the direction of the sun, such as for example and at least one motor or turning unit, the follower incorporating a blocking system 1 which is configured so that when the PF platform is not in movement, each row 3,4 always has at least three points torsionally embedded, being thus completely blocked its movement and fixed.

Los pilares de apoyo y acompanamiento 8 situados en los extremos de cada fila 3,4 de paneles solares 2 comprenden medios de bloqueo del movimiento de la plataforma PF que estan activos siempre que la unidad de giro 14 esta detenida.The support and support pillars 8 located at the ends of each row 3,4 of solar panels 2 comprise means for blocking the movement of the platform PF that are active whenever the turning unit 14 is stopped.

Los medios de bloqueo del movimiento de la plataforma PF comprenden un conjunto de cilindro y piston hidraulico 15 y estan articulados a los elementos de soporte 5a,5b y al menos a los pilares de apoyo y acompanamiento 8 situados en los extremos de cada fila 3,4 en un plano diagonal D con respecto al eje vertical de los pilares de apoyo y acompanamiento 8 en vista de alzado lateral de la fila 3,4.The means for blocking the movement of the platform PF comprise a set of hydraulic cylinder and piston 15 and are articulated to the support elements 5a, 5b and at least to the support and support pillars 8 located at the ends of each row 3, 4 in a diagonal plane D with respect to the vertical axis of the supporting and accompanying pillars 8 in side elevation view of the row 3,4.

El apoyo del mastil sobre los pilares externos es diferente, para instalar un conjunto de cilindro y piston hidraulico en el seguidor. Estos pilares son mas cortos que los pilares centrales, y presentan dispuesto sobre ellos un elemento adicional que consta de dos pletinas verticales o bases gula 11 paralelas y separadas entre si, entre las cuales se disponen los medios de bloqueo. La union con el mastil 6 del seguidor se realiza mediante una abrazadera especial y dos brazos 12,13 unidos a un eje entre cada base gula. The support of the mast on the external pillars is different, to install a set of hydraulic cylinder and piston in the follower. These pillars are shorter than the central pillars, and have an additional element on them, which consists of two vertical plates or guide rails 11 parallel and spaced apart, between which the blocking means are arranged. The connection with the mast 6 of the follower is made by means of a special clamp and two arms 12, 13 attached to an axis between each guide base.

En vista de alzado lateral de la fila 3,4 los medios de bloqueo del movimiento de la plataforma PF tienen un eje de giro descentrado ED a una distancia del centro del eje vertical de los pilares extremos de apoyo y acompanamiento 8 y del eje de giro EG del soporte de la plataforma PF sobre los pilares de apoyo y acompanamiento 8.In view of the side elevation of the row 3,4, the means for blocking the movement of the platform PF have an off-center turning axis ED at a distance from the center of the vertical axis of the abutment and support end abutments 8 and the axis of rotation EG of the support of the PF platform on the pillars of support and accompaniment 8.

Los pilares de apoyo y acompanamiento 8 situados en los extremos de cada fila 3,4 son mas cortos que los restantes pilares, sobre dichos pilares se dispone un elemento que consta de dos pletinas verticales o bases gula 11 entre las que se dispone el conjunto de cilindro y piston hidraulico 15, estando las dos bases gula 11 articuladas en su extremo superior a un elemento de apoyo del mastil 6 del seguidor que comprende dos extensiones o brazos 12,13 a su vez articuladas al extremo superior del eje del conjunto de cilindro y piston hidraulico 15.The supporting and accompanying pillars 8 located at the ends of each row 3,4 are shorter than the other pillars, on said pillars there is an element consisting of two vertical plates or guide bases 11 between which the set of elements is arranged. hydraulic cylinder and piston 15, the two guide bases 11 being articulated at their upper end to a support element of the follower mast 6 comprising two extensions or arms 12,13 in turn articulated to the upper end of the axis of the cylinder assembly and hydraulic piston 15.

El sistema de bloqueo 1 comprende una parte fija 1-1 y una parte movil 1-2 y un dispositivo de control electronico 9 controlado por un programa informatico conectado con al menos un sensor 10 que identifica por lo menos el angulo entre la radiacion solar y los paneles solares 2, y el seguidor solar puede comprender ademas un anemometro y un receptor GPS.The locking system 1 comprises a fixed part 1-1 and a mobile part 1-2 and an electronic control device 9 controlled by a computer program connected to at least one sensor 10 that identifies at least the angle between the solar radiation and the solar panels 2, and the solar tracker can further comprise an anemometer and a GPS receiver.

Por ultimo, el programa informatico esta configurado de modo que el movimiento del sistema se basa en datos relativos a la trayectoria descrita por el sol.Finally, the computer program is configured so that the movement of the system is based on data relative to the path described by the sun.

Descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la presente invencion, as! como la manera de ponerla en practica, no se considera necesario hacer mas extensa su explication para que cualquier experto en la materia comprenda su alcance y las ventajas que de ella se derivan, haciendose constar que, dentro de su esencialidad, podra ser llevada a la practica en otras formas de realization que difieran en detalles de la indicada a tltulo de ejemplo, y a las cuales alcanzara igualmente la protection que se recaba siempre que no se altere, cambie o modifique su principio fundamental. The nature of the present invention is sufficiently described, so! As the way to put it into practice, it is not considered necessary to extend its explanation so that any expert in the field understands its scope and the advantages derived from it, stating that, within its essentiality, it could be taken to the practice in other forms of realization that differ in details from the one indicated by way of example, and which will also reach the protection that is sought provided that is not altered, change or modify its fundamental principle.

Claims (13)

REIVINDICACIONES 1. Seguidor solar que comprende1. Solar tracker comprising -al menos una plataforma (PF) donde se conectan paneles solares (2);-at least one platform (PF) where solar panels are connected (2); -los paneles solares (2) adyacentes unos a otros dispuestos en una o varias filas (3,4) por medio de elementos de soporte (5a,5b);- solar panels (2) adjacent to one another arranged in one or more rows (3,4) by means of support elements (5a, 5b); -donde los elementos de soporte (5a,5b) estan conectados a por lo menos un pilar (7) que comprende medios de accionamiento, y a por lo menos dos pilares de apoyo y acompanamiento (8);- where the supporting elements (5a, 5b) are connected to at least one pillar (7) comprising drive means, and to at least two support and support pillars (8); -donde los pilares (7,8) estan anclados en un area de base (BA) o suelo,-where the pillars (7,8) are anchored in a base area (BA) or ground, -medios (14) para mover la plataforma (PF) con respecto a la direction del sol caracterizado porque-media (14) to move the platform (PF) with respect to the direction of the sun characterized because -un sistema de bloqueo (1) esta configurado de forma que cuando la plataforma (PF) no esta en movimiento, cada fila (3,4) tiene al menos tres puntos empotrados torsionalmente.- a locking system (1) is configured so that when the platform (PF) is not in movement, each row (3,4) has at least three points torsionally embedded. 2. Seguidor solar segun la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque2. Solar tracker according to claim 1, characterized in that -al menos los pilares de apoyo y acompanamiento (8) situados en los extremos de cada fila (3,4) de paneles solares (2) comprenden medios de bloqueo del movimiento de la plataforma (PF).- at least the supporting and accompanying pillars (8) located at the ends of each row (3,4) of solar panels (2) comprise means for blocking the movement of the platform (PF). 3. Seguidor solar segun la reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque3. Solar tracker according to claim 2, characterized in that -los medios de bloqueo del movimiento de la plataforma (PF) estan activos siempre que la unidad de giro (14) esta detenida.-the means of blocking the movement of the platform (PF) are active whenever the turning unit (14) is stopped. 4. Seguidor solar segun las reivindicaciones 2 o 3, caracterizado porque4. Solar tracker according to claims 2 or 3, characterized in that -los medios de bloqueo del movimiento de la plataforma (PF) comprenden un conjunto de cilindro y piston hidraulico (15).-the means of blocking the movement of the platform (PF) comprise a set of hydraulic cylinder and piston (15). 5. Seguidor solar segun las reivindicaciones 2 a 4, caracterizado porque5. Solar tracker according to claims 2 to 4, characterized in that -los medios de bloqueo del movimiento de la plataforma (PF) estan articulados a los elementos de soporte (5a,5b) y al menos a los pilares de apoyo y acompanamiento (8) situados en los extremos de cada fila (3,4), en un plano diagonal (D) con respecto al eje vertical de los pilares de apoyo y acompanamiento (8).-the platform movement blocking means (PF) are articulated to the support elements (5a, 5b) and at least to the support and accompaniment pillars (8) located at the ends of each row (3,4) , in a diagonal plane (D) with respect to the vertical axis of the support and support pillars (8). 6. Seguidor solar segun la reivindicación 5, caracterizado porque 6. Solar tracker according to claim 5, characterized in that -en vista alzado lateral de la fila (3,4) los medios de bloqueo del movimiento de la plataforma (PF) tienen un eje de giro descentrado (ED) a una distancia del centro del eje vertical de los pilares extremos de apoyo y acompanamiento (8) y del eje de giro (EG) del soporte de la plataforma (PF) sobre los pilares de apoyo y acompanamiento (8).-in side view of the row (3,4) the means of blocking the movement of the platform (PF) have an axis of off-center rotation (ED) at a distance from the center of the vertical axis of the supporting and accompanying abutments (8) and the axis of rotation (EG) of the platform support (PF) on the support and support pillars (8). 7. Seguidor solar segun cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque7. Solar tracker according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that -los pilares de apoyo y acompanamiento (8) situados en los extremos de cada fila (3,4) son mas cortos que los restantes pilares,-the support and accompaniment pillars (8) located at the ends of each row (3,4) are shorter than the other pillars, -sobre dichos pilares se dispone un elemento que consta de dos pletinas verticales o bases gula (11) entre las que se dispone el conjunto de cilindro y piston hidraulico (15), estando las dos bases gula (11) articuladas en su extremo superior a un elemento de apoyo del mastil (16) del seguidor que comprende dos extensiones o brazos (12,13) a su vez articuladas al extremo superior del eje del conjunto de cilindro y piston hidraulico (15).- on said pillars there is an element consisting of two vertical plates or guide bases (11) between which the hydraulic cylinder and piston assembly (15) is arranged, the two guide bases (11) being articulated at their upper end. a mast support element (16) of the follower comprising two extensions or arms (12, 13) in turn articulated to the upper end of the shaft of the hydraulic cylinder and piston assembly (15). 8. Seguidor solar segun cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque8. Solar tracker according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that -el sistema de bloqueo (1) comprende un dispositivo de control electronico (9) controlado por un programa informatico.- the blocking system (1) comprises an electronic control device (9) controlled by a computer program. 9. Seguidor solar segun la reivindicación 8, caracterizado porque9. Solar tracker according to claim 8, characterized in that -comprende un anemometro y un receptor GPS.-comprises an anemometer and a GPS receiver. 10. Seguidor solar segun cualquiera las reivindicaciones 8 a 9, caracterizado porque -el dispositivo de control electronico (9) esta conectado con al menos un sensor (10) que identifica por lo menos el angulo entre la radiacion solar y los paneles solares (2).10. Solar tracker according to any of claims 8 to 9, characterized in that - the electronic control device (9) is connected to at least one sensor (10) that identifies at least the angle between the solar radiation and the solar panels (2). ). 11. Seguidor solar segun las reivindicaciones 8, 9 o 10, caracterizado porque11. Solar tracker according to claims 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that -el programa informatico esta configurado de modo que el movimiento del sistema se basa en datos relativos a la trayectoria descrita por el sol.-the computer program is configured so that the movement of the system is based on data relative to the trajectory described by the sun. 12. Seguidor solar segun cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque12. Solar tracker according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that -el sistema de bloqueo (1) comprende una parte fija (1-1) y una parte movil (1-2). - the locking system (1) comprises a fixed part (1-1) and a moving part (1-2). 13. Sistema de bloqueo (1) para un seguidor solar segun cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores. 13. Blocking system (1) for a solar tracker according to any of the preceding claims.
ES201930513U 2019-03-29 2019-03-29 SOLAR TRACKER Active ES1228820Y (en)

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