ES1126705U - Burned grill for biomass burners and biomass burner. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Burning grate for biomass burners, which has a plurality of perforations in its surface to allow the passage through its lower part of combustión air coming from the lower zone (33) of the combustión chamber (1) of the burner biomass (10), characterized in that the burn grate (8) comprises at least one intermediate plate (14) arranged in its lower part that acts as an obstacle to the passage of combustión air through said lower zone (33). burning grate according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one intermediate plate (14) is disposed perpendicular to the base of the burn grate (8). burning grill according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one intermediate plate (14) has the shape of a circular segment. burning grill according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of intermediate plates (14). burning grate according to claim 4, characterized in that the intermediate plates (14) present an increasing obstacle to the passage of combustión air as it advances through the lower zone (33) of the combustión chamber (1). burning grate according to claim 5, characterized in that the intermediate plates (14) are of different heights. burning grill according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the intermediate plates (14) have openings (34) to allow the passage of air therethrough. burning grill according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises a front closing plate (14 ') arranged at its rear end and acting as an obstacle to the passage of combustión air coming from the lower zone (33). 9. Burning grill according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the perforations made in its surface are implemented in the form of holes (12) and grooves (13). burning grate according to claim 9, characterized in that the burner grate (8) has grooves (13) in its base and holes (12) in its side. 11. Biomass burner, characterized in that it comprises a burn grate (8) according to any one of claims 1 to 10. 12. Biomass burner according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises side guides inside the combustión chamber (1) that allow the extraction of the burn grate (8) from the front of the biomass burner (10). 13. Biomass burner, characterized in that it comprises at least one intermediate plate (14) disposed in the lower part of the combustión chamber (1) that acts as an obstacle to the passage of combustión air through the lower zone (33). 14. Biomass burner according to claim 13, characterized in that the at least one intermediate plate (14) is disposed perpendicular to the base of the burn grate (8). 15. Biomass burner according to any of claims 13 to 14, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of intermediate plates (14). 16. Biomass burner according to claim 15, characterized in that the intermediate plates (14) present an increasing obstacle to the passage of combustión air as it advances through the lower zone (33) of the combustión chamber (1). 17. Biomass burner according to claim 16, characterized in that the intermediate plates (14) are of different heights. 18. Biomass burner according to any of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the intermediate plates (14) have openings (34) to allow the passage of air therethrough. 19. Biomass burner according to any of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that it additionally comprises a front closing plate (14 ') disposed at the rear end of the combustión chamber (1) and acting as an obstacle to the passage of combustión air coming from the lower area (33). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

BURNER GRILL FOR BIOMASS BURNERS AND BIOMASS BURNER

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DESCRIPTION

Field of the Invention The present invention is encompassed within the field of biomass burners, and more specifically in horizontal flame biomass burners and burn grills for said burners.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Traditionally, diesel, gas and other petroleum derivatives have been fuels commonly used for the generation of hot air in different industrial applications. The use of electricity is also widespread in that area. In some industrial furnaces, such as ovens used in bakeries for baking bread and derivatives, it is sometimes used as fuel material, firewood of different origin and characteristics. The use of biomass, such as pellets, bone, fruit peel and the like for the replacement of the combustion systems of the furnaces with biomass burners allows to obtain significant energy savings, so the replacement of traditional burners with burners is increasing of biomass

The increase in the price of fuels such as natural gas, diesel or electricity, together with the environmental impact associated with their production and combustion, is leading to the replacement, in different applications, of this type of systems with biomass boilers. Among the main applications of biomass burners are boilers, bakery ovens or any type and, in general, any heat generating machine capable of modifying its combustion system, which opens up great possibilities for development in this field . In fact, biomass burners can be used in domestic applications, farms, greenhouses, neighborhood communities, centralized neighborhood systems, public buildings, wood dryers, pool heating, painting, industries, bread ovens, ceramics, etc. . In general, it is a valid system for the vast majority of air or hot water applications. Biomass burners can also work with steam and / or thermal oil boilers. In very high temperature processes they can be used for preheating, with the consequent energy savings in that part of the production process.

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Along with what has been described above, one of the main advantages of biomass combustion is that the CO2 emission balance is neutral. That is, the combustion of biomass releases the same amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that the plant absorbs in its growth, quite the opposite of what happens with fossil fuels, which provide an excess of it to the atmosphere. Thus, the contribution of biomass to the greenhouse effect is zero.

However, most of the horizontal flame biomass burners currently on the market are limited to certain biomass whose combustion causes a low percentage of ashes. Thus, the combustion of materials such as the olive bone cannot be carried out with high performance in the biomass burners currently existing in the market, because the design of its burn grill does not provide both the required flow rates and air pressure such as the access of this combustion air to the critical combustion points inside the burner's home.

Most of the biomass burners, such as those disclosed in patent documents ES1077344-U and EP2662622-A1, also present problems, since their design does not allow adequate combustion of any type of biomass, mainly due to the flow Air inside generates an incomplete combustion of the combustible material, causing a large amount of burning and ash, as well as an improved performance of the combustion system. In addition, since in these burners both the flow rate and the air pressure are not adequately regulated according to the demand of the equipment, overheating occurs in different areas of the combustion chamber due to excess air at that point, which deteriorates rapidly the material with which this equipment is manufactured, decreasing its useful life. As an additional disadvantage, the ash cleaning devices that incorporate said burners have high maintenance times associated, despite having a grill extraction system at the rear of the burner, in some cases

The burn grill object of the present invention solves the problems described above, because its design facilitates the entry and distribution of combustion air inside the burner home, causing that, with the corresponding specific regulation, can be carried out the combustion of any type of biomass of the commonly used, such as nutshell, pellet or bone, of different origins and nature. In addition, access through the front of the burner greatly facilitates the maintenance operations to be performed, minimizing these with respect to the burners currently on the market.

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Description of the invention The object of the invention is the optimized design of a burn grill for multi-fuel horizontal flame burners, valid for any type of biomass. The geometric characteristics of the grill allow the combustion with high performance, lower ash content and lower maintenance, of any type of biomass (pellet, bone, fruit peel, etc.) unlike the rest of burners in the market, limited to biomass that meet certain requirements that allow their proper combustion.

The burn grill has intermediate fire plates located on the grill, which are also likely to be placed directly in the combustion chamber, in the area immediately below the grill itself, fulfilling the same function and being independent of Grill. That is, the fire plates can be fixed to the grill itself or to the combustion chamber, in the area below the grill.

The grill extraction system, on the front of the burner, also facilitates its maintenance operations, avoiding disassembly and minimizing the time required for the maintenance of the installation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention that is presented as a non-limiting example thereof is described very briefly below.

Figure 1 shows a horizontal flame burner used for biomass combustion, according to the state of the art.

Figure 2 shows a front section of a horizontal flame burner incorporating the burn grill object of the present invention.

Figures 3A, 3B and 3C show different views of the developed burn grill.

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Figures 4A and 4B show, respectively, a front view and a side section of the burner incorporating the developed burn grill.

Figure 5 shows a side section of the burner, illustrating the feeding and arrangement of the combustible material inside the combustion chamber.

Figure 6 shows the distribution of the combustion air inside the combustion chamber of the horizontal flame burners existing in the market.

Figure 7 shows a profile view of the grill, with the arrangement of plates for cutting air, or firewalls, which facilitate the distribution of combustion air to the areas of the grill with greater demand for oxidizing air, allowing effective combustion of most of the fuels and increasing the energy efficiency of the burner.

Figure 8 shows a profile of the grill, which shows the combustion air passages enabled in the barriers or firewalls, through the difference in height between them.

Figure 9 shows the flow of combustion air in the lower area of the combustion chamber generated by the burn grill.

Figures 10 and 11 show the grill with intermediate firewalls of the same height and openings in them.

Figure 12 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the combustion chamber with the grill with intermediate firewalls and openings therein.

Different views of an alternative embodiment are shown in Figures 13A to 13E, where the intermediate firewalls are located integral to the combustion chamber, rather than in the grill.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Figure 1 shows the main components of a conventional horizontal flame biomass burner 10, according to the state of the art:

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-Combustion chamber 1.

- Ventilation box 2, where you can access to perform maintenance work and where you can also find the electrical components of the equipment.

-Turbine or fan 3, for combustion air supply, normally located at the top or at the back of the burner.

-Mountain or tube of feeding of biomass 4, of inclination or variable angle with respect to the horizontal.

-5 electric motor for biomass feeder screw screw drive.

-Ignition system 6.

-Intermediate wall 7 that separates the combustion chamber 1 from the ventilation box 2, and which has a hole for the passage of the burn grill and a hole for the passage of the biomass pushed by the auger, in addition to various combustion and ventilation air inlets

In any type of horizontal flame biomass burner, two distinct zones can be distinguished: the combustion chamber 1 and the discharge zone (other elements).

In general, the operation of a burner of this type is as follows: the feeding of the biomass is carried out through the feeding tube 4 by means of an endless screw, from the hopper in which the biomass is stored. The electric motor 5 drives another screw that feeds the biomass into the combustion chamber 1, on the burn grill located inside. The spark for the initial ignition of the burner is achieved by means of a spark plug or ignition system 6. The combustion air supply is carried out by means of the turbine 3 coupled in the discharge zone, which introduces the necessary air for combustion inside from the ventilation box 2, and from there to the combustion chamber 1.

Figure 2 below shows a front section of the combustion chamber 1 of a burner incorporating the removable burn grill 8 object of the present invention. The figure shows the outer tube 18 of the combustion chamber 1 and an inner reflector 19 with openings or holes 20 on the sides of its upper part for the passage of air from the discharge zone to the interior of the combustion chamber 1 and its cooling. The design and geometric characteristics of the burn grill 8 allow the adequate combustion of any type of biomass, with high performance and minimum maintenance operations and increased equipment durability, avoiding overheating.

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The grill extraction device, by the front of the combustion chamber 1 of the burner, is possible by means of guides enabled for this purpose inside the combustion chamber 1. The particular design of the grill 8, connected to The combustion air access points in the combustion chamber 1 from the turbine 3, facilitates the combustion of the biomass deposited on the removable burn grill 8. The extraction of the burn grill 8 is carried out by the front part of the burner, sliding it in the guides enabled for this purpose. This extraction device facilitates the cleaning of the equipment, avoiding disassembly and minimizing the time dedicated to maintenance operations.

However, the most important novelty of the present invention lies in the optimized geometric design of the burn grill 8, which allows the entry of combustion air for the complete combustion of biomass with a minimum percentage of ashes and unburned. In Figures 3A, 3B and 3C, the removable burn grill 8 of optimized design and high efficiency for biomass combustion is shown in different views (an elevation, a front view and a side view, respectively), which can have a handle or handle 15, to facilitate grill handling

The burn grill 8 has a series of perforations to allow the passage of combustion air from the discharge zone through its lower part. Said perforations are preferably implemented in the form of holes 12 and grooves 13, of variable geometry and shape. The location of the holes 12 and grooves 13 can also be modified depending on the power of the burner and the nature of the fuel that is intended to be used, since the specific needs of combustion air penetration may vary. Thus, in Figure 3A grooves 13 are seen in the base of the grill 8 and holes 12 on the side thereof, but the grill could for example have only holes 12 in the base, or a combination of holes 12 and grooves 13 at the base, grooves 13 on the side instead of holes 12, or any other combination of perforations. In a preferred embodiment the base and the side of the grill respectively have grooves 13 and holes 12 along the entire length of the grill.

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The most important aspect, and that explains the high performance of the biomass burner 10, is related to reinforcements, firewalls or intermediate plates 14 that the burn grill 8 has in its lower part, which are preferably arranged perpendicular to the base of the grill, that is, vertical. The intermediate plates 14 are arranged in the intermediate part of the grill and allow an adequate distribution of the air in the combustion chamber 1 of the burner. In particular, they distribute the combustion air to the different areas of the burn grill 8 according to the oxygen demand, for the adequate combustion of the material used as fuel. The intermediate plates 14, which can be one or several, are arranged along the burn grill 8. The burn grill 8 has a front closure plate 14 'at the rear end of the grill, being able to present openings or perforations of variable geometry, as will be detailed later.

To understand the distribution of combustion air inside the combustion chamber 1, the internal part of the biomass burner 10 must be explained beforehand. Figure 4A shows a front view of the burner incorporating the burn grill 8 object of the present invention, while Figure 4B represents a side section of the burner according to section AA indicated in Figure 4A. In said figures, the hole 16 can be seen where the screw 17 pushes the biomass into the combustion chamber, the outer tube 18 of the combustion chamber, the inner reflector 19 with openings or holes 20 on the sides of its upper part for the passage of air from the discharge zone into the combustion chamber 1, the photocell 21, which indicates the operating status of the burner, the spark plug 22 and the ventilation box 2 through which the driven air enters through turbine 3 (not shown in the figure).

Figure 5 shows, according to the same section AA of Figure 4A, the distribution of biomass 30 as it enters the combustion chamber 1. As can be seen, biomass 30 accumulates in greater quantity in the initial part of the grill of burned 8.

The process that occurs inside the combustion chamber is as follows: the feeding of biomass 30 (pellet, bone, nutshell, etc.) is carried out from the screw 17. The entry of the combustion air that causes the Fuel combustion is generated by turbine 3 located at the rear of burner 10.

In most of the burners on the market, the air introduced by the turbine is distributed as shown in Figure 6. The combustion air driven by the turbine 3 is released from the ventilation box 2 to two areas mainly :

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-The upper area 32 that feeds air, through the openings 20 of the inner reflector 19, the interior of the combustion chamber 1, facilitating the burning of the fuel, and cooling the combustion chamber. The air pressure generated in that upper zone also contributes to providing the appropriate characteristics to the flame generated by the fuel.

-The lower zone 33, where the air is introduced by the surface immediately below the burn grill 8, and in which the necessary air supply is produced to carry out the combustion of the solid fuel being used.

As can be seen in Figure 7, the burn grill 8 in addition to the front closure plate 14 ', incorporates two intermediate plates 14 along the length of the grill, a different number of plates or firewalls can be incorporated in different grill positions, depending on the type of fuel and the needs of combustion air in each specific case. The existing grills do not present these barriers or firewalls, so the present invention constitutes a novelty of impact. These barriers are the fundamental basis of the present invention, since they allow greatly increasing the burner performance, minimizing the presence of ashes and avoiding overheating in the combustion chamber, with respect to traditional combustion systems, among other advantages.

The explanation about the operation of these barriers, intermediate plates 14, is as follows: The accumulation of combustible material, as shown in Figure 5, is produced in the initial area of the grill, so that the demand for oxidizing air He will be older in this area. The current grills, by not incorporating these barriers or firewalls are not able to burn certain fuels (such as olive bone or others),

or if they are, they generate a large number of unburned and low performance, since the combustion air tends to focus on the final area of the burner grill, even dragging part of unburned material to the home of the oven that is thermally feeding the burner

The present burn grill 8 incorporates several barriers or firewalls, with an adequate geometry and arrangement to produce an increase in the flow and pressure of oxidizing air in the initial area of the grill, in which higher fuel density accumulates and in which there is a greater demand for oxidizing air. As contemplated in Figure 8, there is a difference in height, variable in each specific case, between the barriers or firewalls (intermediate plates 14) enabled and the frontal closure of the grill (frontal closure plate 14 '), so that The combustion air is conducted to the grill areas according to the demand of the grill to carry out combustion optimally, increasing the process performance and minimizing the generation of ashes and maintenance operations associated with its cleaning.

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Figure 9 shows the flow of combustion air in the lower zone 33 of the combustion chamber 1, generated by the air inlet driven by the turbine 3 from the ventilation box 2, and by the intermediate plates 14.

The plates or firewalls enabled on the grill can also be located in the combustion chamber, in the area immediately below the grill itself, in case it does not incorporate said firewalls that optimize the combustion of the corresponding biomass. The plates or firewalls enabled on the grill, or directly in the combustion chamber, can also have the same height. In this case, the fire plates have perforations or openings 34, of variable geometry and location, which allow the passage of air through them, either by the top or by their central part, as can be seen in the Figures 10, 11 and 12. In this way, the combustion of the material located in the area immediately above the contact strip between the firewall and the grill will be carried out with great performance, there being no “dead zones” in the chamber of combustion, and the combustion air being distributed homogeneously.

That is, the air passages enabled in the grill can not only come through the difference in height between the firewalls, but openings 34 in said firewalls can be enabled, if they have the same height. A combination of both could also be arranged (different heights of firewalls and openings 34). Figure 10 shows the grill with firewalls of the same height, in which holes have been made, of varying geometric characteristics depending on the operating regulation, for the upper air passage between the compartments delimited by the firewalls. Figure 11 shows the grill without the front closure, where the openings 34 in the firewalls are better appreciated.

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In another preferred embodiment, the firewalls, barriers or intermediate plates 14 are located in solidarity with the base of the combustion chamber, instead of being incorporated in the base of the grill, but they fulfill the same function. Figures 13A-13E show 5 different views of the combustion chamber for this preferred embodiment, in which the mounted grill is not shown. A top view of the combustion chamber 1 with two intermediate plates 14 and a front closure plate 14 'is shown in Figure 13A. Figure 13B shows a front perspective view of the combustion chamber 1 with an intermediate plate 14 and a front closure plate 14 ’. Figure 13C shows another view of the combustion chamber where the openings 34 can be seen in the intermediate plate

14. Figure 13D shows a sectional view of the combustion chamber 1 and Figure 13E a top view of the combustion chamber with intermediate plates 14 with openings 34 and front closure plate 14 ’.

Claims (19)

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one.

Burning grill for biomass burners, which has a plurality of perforations on its surface to allow the passage of combustion air from its lower part (33) of the combustion chamber (1) of the biomass burner ( 10), characterized in that the burn grill (8) comprises at least one intermediate plate (14) disposed in its lower part that acts as an obstacle to the passage of oxidizing air through said lower zone (33).

2.

Burning grill according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one intermediate plate (14) is arranged perpendicular to the base of the burning grill (8).

3.

Burning grill according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one intermediate plate (14) is in the form of a circular segment.

Four.

Burning grill according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of intermediate plates (14).

5.

Burning grill according to claim 4, characterized in that the intermediate plates (14) present an increasing obstacle to the passage of combustion air as it advances through the lower zone (33) of the combustion chamber (1).

6.

Burning grill according to claim 5, characterized in that the intermediate plates (14) are of different heights.

7.

Burning grill according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the intermediate plates (14) have openings (34) to allow the passage of air therethrough.

8.

Burning grill according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises a front closure plate (14 ′) disposed at its rear end and which acts as an obstacle to the passage of oxidizing air from the lower zone (33).

9.

Burning grill according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the perforations made on its surface are implemented in the form of holes

image2 (12) and slots (13).

10.

Burning grill according to claim 9, characterized in that the burning grill (8) has grooves (13) at its base and holes (12) at its side.

eleven.

Biomass burner, characterized in that it comprises a burn grill (8) according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12.

Biomass burner according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises lateral guides inside the combustion chamber (1) that allow the extraction of the burn grill (8) by the front part of the biomass burner (10).

13.

Biomass burner, characterized in that it comprises at least one intermediate plate (14) arranged in the lower part of the combustion chamber (1) that acts as an obstacle to the passage of oxidizing air through the lower zone (33).

14.

Biomass burner according to claim 13, characterized in that the at least one intermediate plate (14) is arranged perpendicular to the base of the burn grill (8).

fifteen.

Biomass burner according to any of claims 13 to 14, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of intermediate plates (14).

16.

Biomass burner according to claim 15, characterized in that the intermediate plates (14) present an increasing obstacle to the passage of combustion air as it advances through the lower zone (33) of the combustion chamber (1).

17.

Biomass burner according to claim 16, characterized in that the intermediate plates (14) are of different heights.

18.

Biomass burner according to any of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the intermediate plates (14) have openings (34) to allow the passage of air therethrough.

19.

Biomass burner according to any of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that it additionally comprises a front closure plate (14 ') disposed at the rear end of the combustion chamber (1) and acts as an obstacle to the passage of combustion air from from the lower zone (33).

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