ES1077139U - Tower for wind generator (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
Tower for wind generator (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES1077139U ES1077139U ES201230356U ES201230356U ES1077139U ES 1077139 U ES1077139 U ES 1077139U ES 201230356 U ES201230356 U ES 201230356U ES 201230356 U ES201230356 U ES 201230356U ES 1077139 U ES1077139 U ES 1077139U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
Description
TORRE PARA GENERADOR EOLICO TOWER FOR WIND GENERATOR
OBJETO DE LA INVENCION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invenci6n se refiere a una torre mixta de hormig6n y acero, para soporte de generadores e6licos. The present invention relates to a mixed tower of concrete and steel, for supporting wind generators.
El objeto de la invenci6n es conseguir un abaratamiento en los costes de fabricaci6n, transporte y montaje del fuste, frente a las soluciones existentes en el mercado, asi como facilitar su fabricaci6n en taller y realizar el maximo aprovechamiento de la secci6n y el material del que esta compuesta. The object of the invention is to achieve a reduction in the costs of manufacture, transport and assembly of the shaft, compared to existing solutions in the market, as well as facilitate its manufacture in the workshop and make the maximum use of the section and the material of which consists.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
La busqueda de fuentes de energia renovable, se ha acrecentado en los ultimos afos, debido a la creencia, cada vez mas firme, en las hip6tesis existentes sobre el cambio climatico y su relaci6n con la producci6n de di6xido de carbono y gases de efecto invernadero. The search for renewable energy sources has increased in recent years, due to the increasingly firm belief in the existing hypotheses about climate change and its relation to the production of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases.
Esta busqueda, ha promovido la aparici6n de nuevas tecnologias que permitieran extraer la maxima cantidad de energia de las fuentes de energia renovables como la luz solar y el viento. No solo han aparecido nuevas tecnologias sino que estas se encuentran en un proceso continuo de mejora con el fin de aumentar los rendimientos de producci6n de energia. This search has promoted the emergence of new technologies that would allow the maximum amount of energy to be extracted from renewable energy sources such as sunlight and wind. Not only have new technologies appeared, but they are in a continuous process of improvement in order to increase energy production yields.
La electricidad producida por los aerogeneradores, tiene su fundamento en la curva del perfil vertical del viento, en la que se establece la velocidad de viento en funci6n de la altura y de la rugosidad del terreno. The electricity produced by wind turbines is based on the curve of the vertical wind profile, in which the wind speed is established based on the height and roughness of the terrain.
El aerogenerador transforma una parte de la energia que lleva el volumen de aire que atraviesa la superficie batida por las palas, cuando circula a una velocidad superior a la umbral, por debajo de la cual, las palas no se mueven. The wind turbine transforms a part of the energy that carries the volume of air that passes through the surface beaten by the blades, when it circulates at a speed above the threshold, below which, the blades do not move.
En el sector de la generaci6n e6lica, se ha producido un desarrollo importante y constante durante los ultimos afos, aumentando la potencia maxima de los aerogeneradores, llegando a potencias impensables hace menos de 10 afos. Este aumento de la potencia se basa en dos principios fundamentales de la generaci6n e6lica como son la superficie de barrido y la velocidad del aire. In the sector of wind power generation, there has been an important and constant development during the last years, increasing the maximum power of the wind turbines, reaching unthinkable powers less than 10 years ago. This increase in power is based on two fundamental principles of wind power generation, such as the scanning surface and the air velocity.
El perfil vertical de viento, tiene variaci6n de pendiente parab6lica, de manera que a partir de una velocidad determinada, el incremento de velocidad de viento con la altura, es irrelevante. Es por ello por lo que, las dimensiones de las palas y, consecuentemente, la altura de los bujes de los aerogeneradores, no aumentara ilimitadamente sino que su techo o bien se ha alcanzado ya o esta pr6ximo a alcanzarse, ya que un incremento en la altura supone un incremento importante en los costes de fabricaci6n, montaje yoperaci6n. The vertical wind profile has a variation of parabolic slope, so that from a certain speed, the increase in wind speed with height is irrelevant. That is why, the dimensions of the blades and, consequently, the height of the wind turbine hubs, will not increase unlimitedly but that their roof has either been reached or is close to being reached, since an increase in the height means a significant increase in manufacturing, assembly and operation costs.
Hasta la fecha, era comun la realizaci6n de los fustes en acero, debido a su buen comportamiento a fatiga, a su ligereza y al gran desarrollo del proceso industrial de fabricaci6n, transporte y montaje. To date, the realization of steel shafts was common, due to their good fatigue behavior, their lightness and the great development of the industrial manufacturing, transportation and assembly process.
La mayoria de los fabricantes elaboran fustes de secci6n circular y canto variable con forma troncoc6nica, con el maximo diametro en la base, ya que es la zona con las acciones de mayor magnitud. Estos fustes se componen de varias subsecciones de la misma longitud, generalmente, que se ensamblan en sus extremos bien con tornillos o mediante otros sistemas de fijaci6n. Most of the manufacturers make circular section and variable edge shafts with a truncated shape, with the maximum diameter at the base, since it is the area with the largest actions. These shafts are composed of several subsections of the same length, generally, which are assembled at their ends either with screws or by other fastening systems.
Sin embargo, pese a su correcto funcionamiento, comenzaron a estudiarse soluciones de hormig6n debido a la volatilidad del mercado del acero en afos pasados y al aumento de las demandas resistentes de los fustes para aerogeneradores de gran potencia. However, despite its correct operation, concrete solutions began to be studied due to the volatility of the steel market in past years and the increased demands of high-power wind turbine spindles.
La elevada volatilidad del mercado del acero durante los afos 2006 a 2008, ocasion6 importantes trastornos a los fabricantes de fustes, bien por la variabilidad de los precios, al alza en la mayoria de las veces, o bien por el retraso en la entrega de material. Esto oblig6 a los fabricantes de aerogeneradores a considerar la soluci6n de hormig6n para los fustes de los aerogeneradores, no contemplada hasta ese momento debido a la relativa diferencia en costes entre ambas soluciones. The high volatility of the steel market during the years 2006 to 2008, caused significant disruptions to the manufacturers of shafts, either due to the variability of prices, upwards in most cases, or due to the delay in the delivery of material . This forced wind turbine manufacturers to consider the concrete solution for wind turbine shafts, not contemplated until then due to the relative difference in costs between the two solutions.
La necesidad de elevar los bujes de los aerogeneradores por encima de los 80 metros, llegando hasta los 150 metros, increment6 notablemente la magnitud de los esfuerzos, tanto estaticos como dinamicos, con sus correspondientes efectos de fatiga y durabilidad. Estos esfuerzos no son absorbidos convenientemente por las soluciones actuales empleadas en los fustes de menor altura, por lo que el estudio y desarrollo de los fustes de hormig6n fue obligado. The need to raise wind turbine hubs above 80 meters, reaching 150 meters, markedly increased the magnitude of efforts, both static and dynamic, with their corresponding effects of fatigue and durability. These efforts are not suitably absorbed by the current solutions used in the lower height shafts, so the study and development of concrete shafts was forced.
Tambien se comenz6 el montaje de aerogeneradores en zonas de plataforma continental de poca profundidad, sobre todo en el mar del norte, lo que tambien acrecent6 el interes en los fustes de hormig6n por motivos de durabilidad frente al ataque salino del agua de mar. The installation of wind turbines in shallow continental shelf areas, especially in the North Sea, also began, which also increased interest in concrete shafts due to durability due to saline attack of seawater.
Con el incremento de los estandares de calidad exigidos en las nuevas construcciones, la introducci6n del prefabricado en el sector de los aerogeneradores era cuesti6n de tiempo, ya que el control de calidad a que se somete la manufactura de los elementos de hormig6n prefabricados, es superior, en general, al que se efectua en las obras ejecutadas "In Situ". With the increase of the quality standards required in the new constructions, the introduction of the prefabricated in the wind turbines sector was a matter of time, since the quality control to which the manufacturing of the precast concrete elements is subjected, is superior , in general, that which is carried out in the works executed "In Situ".
El empleo de piezas de hormig6n prefabricado acelera el proceso de montaje, asegura una adecuada geometria de las piezas y cuenta con une elevada calidad del hormig6n. Tambien favorece el proceso productivo, reduciendo costes y consiguiendo una industrializaci6n de la producci6n de fustes, complicada de conseguir mediante la fabricaci6n in situ, en cada ubicaci6n donde se situe el parque e6lico. The use of precast concrete parts accelerates the assembly process, ensures an adequate geometry of the parts and has a high quality concrete. It also favors the production process, reducing costs and achieving industrialization of the production of shafts, complicated to achieve by manufacturing on site, in each location where the wind farm is located.
Analizando las patentes existentes a nivel mundial, se han encontrado diferentes soluciones cuyas diferencias con respecto al modelo que se propone, se explican a continuaci6n. Analyzing existing patents worldwide, different solutions have been found whose differences with respect to the proposed model are explained below.
Comenzando por las patentes de la Oficina Espafola de Patentes y Marcas, encontramos la patente ES 2317716 a nombre de Gamesa Innovation and Technology S.L. en la que se expone un fuste compuesto de dos secciones. La secci6n superior esta compuesta por un tubo que puede ser de forma cilindrica o troncoc6nica y la inferior es una celosia espacial. El material constituyente de ambas piezas se recomienda que sea el acero. Esta soluci6n difiere notablemente de la presentada porque la geometria es notablemente diferente. Starting with the patents of the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office, we find the patent ES 2317716 in the name of Gamesa Innovation and Technology S.L. in which a shaft composed of two sections is exposed. The upper section is composed of a tube that can be cylindrical or truncated and the lower section is a space lattice. The constituent material of both pieces is recommended to be steel. This solution differs markedly from that presented because the geometry is remarkably different.
La patente ES 2296531, tambien propiedad de Gamesa Innovation and Technology S.L, propone una soluci6n troncoc6nica para el fuste y realizada con elementos de hormig6n prefabricado, unidos en obra. Se divide el fuste en segmentos de circunferencia unidos entre si. Esta soluci6n difiere de la propuesta ya que, aunque esta realizada tambien con elementos de hormig6n prefabricado, la secci6n del fuste es c6nica y no cilindrica, y no lleva los refuerzos exteriores que lleva el fuste que se propone. Tampoco coinciden en los metodos de uni6n de las piezas. The patent ES 2296531, also owned by Gamesa Innovation and Technology S.L, proposes a truncated conical solution for the shaft and made with precast concrete elements, joined on site. The shaft is divided into circumference segments joined together. This solution differs from the proposal since, although it is also made with precast concrete elements, the section of the shaft is conical and non-cylindrical, and does not carry the external reinforcements that the proposed shaft has. Nor do they coincide in the methods of joining the pieces.
La empresa Vestas Wind Systems, es la propietaria de la patente ES 2297130, en la que se especifica la formaci6n de fustes a partir de secciones de acero. Esta patente difiere notablemente de la presentada, tanto en geometria como en el material principal empleado. The Vestas Wind Systems company owns the patent ES 2297130, which specifies the formation of shafts from steel sections. This patent differs markedly from the one presented, both in geometry and in the main material used.
La patente ES 2319709, propiedad de la empresa Prefabricaciones y Contratas S.A., propone un fuste novedoso mezcla de hormig6n prefabricado y estructura metalica, con un apoyo en la base tipo tripode, en el que las eventuales patas estan arriostradas entre si. Nuevamente la soluci6n discrepa notablemente de la propuesta ya que necesita arriostramientos tipo cruces de San Andres entre las patas y en toda la secci6n. The patent ES 2319709, owned by the company Prefabricaciones y Contratas S.A., proposes a novel shaft of precast concrete and metal structure, with a tripod base support, in which the possible legs are braced together. Again, the solution strongly disagrees with the proposal as it requires cross-type bracings of San Andres between the legs and throughout the section.
La patente ES 2246734 propiedad de Structural Concrete & Steel S.L., propone el empleo de piezas con nervios rigidizadores interiores horizontales y verticales de unos 30-35 m de longitud, que al unirse configuran la secci6n del fuste troncoc6nico. De nuevo, esta soluci6n se limita a trasladar la geometria de los fustes metalicos troncoc6nicos al hormig6n, con la problematica que ese cambio supone. No se encuentran interacciones con la soluci6n propuesta ya que los refuerzos son por la cara exterior. The patent ES 2246734 owned by Structural Concrete & Steel S.L., proposes the use of parts with horizontal and vertical internal stiffening ribs of about 30-35 m in length, which when joined together form the section of the truncated conical shaft. Again, this solution is limited to transferring the geometry of the trunk metal spindles to the concrete, with the problem that this change implies. No interactions are found with the proposed solution since the reinforcements are on the outer face.
En adelante se analizaran algunas patentes alemanas de fustes para aerogeneradores. From now on, some German patents for wind turbine shafts will be analyzed.
La patente DE 19832921, propiedad de W. Bernhardt, propone una soluci6n mixta hormig6n-acero, mediante una secci6n hueca de acero, que posteriormente se rellena de hormig6n, formando una secci6n compuesta AceroHormig6n-Acero. La correcta uni6n entre los materiales se consigue con bulones en el interior del hueco, unidos a ambas paredes, de manera que existe una uni6n s6lida entre las tres secciones, ya que al hormigonarse el hueco, quedan las cabezas de los bulones embebidas en el macizado. Esta soluci6n, aparte de tener secci6n troncoc6nica, dista mucho tanto en los materiales como en la geometria, de la propuesta presentada. Patent DE 19832921, owned by W. Bernhardt, proposes a mixed concrete-steel solution, by means of a hollow section of steel, which is subsequently filled with concrete, forming a composite section Steel-Concrete-Steel. The correct connection between the materials is achieved with bolts inside the hole, attached to both walls, so that there is a solid connection between the three sections, since when the hole is concreted, the heads of the bolts are embedded in the solid . This solution, apart from having a truncated section, is far from both the materials and the geometry of the proposal presented.
La patente DE 29809541, propiedad de R. Beyer, tambien expone un fuste de hormig6n, compuesto por sectores que se ensamblan, formando una secci6n troncoc6nica, soluci6n que dista notablemente de la geometria propuesta. Patent DE 29809541, owned by R. Beyer, also discloses a concrete shaft, consisting of sectors that are assembled, forming a truncated section, a solution that is markedly far from the proposed geometry.
La patente DE 102004048365, propiedad de O. Schneider, propone un fuste de secci6n cilindrica con refuerzos exteriores atados al fuste puntualmente puntos con piezas de niquel-cromo mediante tornillos. Esta tipologia dista de la propuesta ya que los nervios rigidizadores propuestos estan solidariamente unidos a los paneles nervados que componen el fuste, sin necesidad de realizar uniones intermedias. Patent DE 102004048365, owned by O. Schneider, proposes a cylindrical section shaft with external reinforcements attached to the shaft punctually points with nickel-chrome pieces by means of screws. This typology is far from the proposal since the proposed stiffening ribs are integral to the ribbed panels that make up the shaft, without the need for intermediate joints.
La patente DE 202007003842 propiedad de Boehmert & Boehmert, propone un fuste de secci6n piramidal, compuesto por secciones cilindricas y secciones rectas enlazadas entre si, formando un fuste completo y cerrado. Esta soluci6n, nuevamente discrepa de la que se propone ya que tiene secci6n variable y no tiene rigidizadores. Patent DE 202007003842, owned by Boehmert & Boehmert, proposes a pyramid-shaped shaft, composed of cylindrical sections and straight sections linked together, forming a complete and closed shaft. This solution again disagrees with the one proposed because it has a variable section and no stiffeners.
La patente DE 202008001606, propiedad de P.Wetzel, propone un fuste troncopiramidal, con aristas vivas, y formado por paneles rectos sin nervaduras. Esta soluci6n discrepa profundamente de la propuesta, en la geometria de la secci6n y en la ausencia de refuerzos externos. Patent DE 202008001606, owned by P.Wetzel, proposes a truncated pyramid shaft, with sharp edges, and formed by straight panels without ribs. This solution strongly disagrees with the proposal, in the geometry of the section and in the absence of external reinforcements.
En adelante se analizaran algunas patentes europeas de fustes para aerogeneradores. From now on, some European patents for wind turbine shafts will be analyzed.
La patente EP 1227204, propiedad de Ralf U. Hofmman, propone una soluci6n de fuste troncoc6nico ejecutado in situ, mediante encofrado trepante o deslizante. Esta soluci6n difiere de la propuesta no solo en el metodo de ejecuci6n, sino en la geometria de la secci6n. EP 1227204, owned by Ralf U. Hofmman, proposes a truncated spindle solution executed in situ, by means of climbing or sliding formwork. This solution differs from the proposal not only in the method of execution, but in the geometry of the section.
La patente EP 1767729, propiedad de Sika Technology, propone un fuste de secci6n troncoc6nica, en la que cada se ha realizado una divisi6n piezas tipo dovela de manera que cada tramo de fuste esta compuesto por tres dovelas unidas mediante machihembrado y con un relleno interior. De nuevo, se aborda el fuste con una transposici6n de la soluci6n metalica a hormig6n, con la problematica que la excesiva cantidad de subsecciones origina en lo que a las uniones se refiere. No existe gran similitud entre esta patente y la soluci6n propuesta. Patent EP 1767729, owned by Sika Technology, proposes a stem of a truncated section, in which each division has made a split type so that each section of shaft is composed of three segments joined by tongue and groove and with an inner filling. Again, the shaft is approached with a transposition of the metal solution to concrete, with the problem that the excessive amount of subsections originates in what refers to the joints. There is no great similarity between this patent and the proposed solution.
La patente EP 2182209, propiedad de Martin Gluck, propone una soluci6n hibrida con la zona superior metalica y la zona inferior de hormig6n, de secci6n troncoc6nica y pretensado visto en la cara interior. Esta soluci6n, continua extrapolando la soluci6n troncoc6nica de acero a hormig6n, afadiendo el pretensado visto como elemento de atado entre las secciones. No se aprecian grandes sinergias con la soluci6n propuesta. EP 2182209, owned by Martin Gluck, proposes a hybrid solution with the upper metal zone and the lower concrete zone, with a truncated and prestressed section seen on the inner face. This solution continues to extrapolate the truncated steel to concrete solution, adding the prestressing seen as a tie element between the sections. There are no great synergies with the proposed solution.
En adelante se analizaran algunas patentes japonesas de fustes para aerogeneradores. From now on, some Japanese patents of wind turbine shafts will be analyzed.
La patente IP 2000283019, propone una soluci6n de fuste troncoc6nico, formado por casquetes troncoc6nicos concentricos superpuestos, con llaves a cortante en el apoyo y con uniones tipo manguito entre las piezas de uni6n. Esta soluci6n continua con la secci6n troncoc6nica y con los tubos troncoc6nicos descritos en otras patentes anteriores, con la diferencia que se estiman insuficientes las uniones reflejadas en el dibujo y se aprecia gran diferencia con respecto al modelo presentado. The IP 2000283019 patent proposes a solution of a cranial shaft, formed by superimposed concentric cranial caps, with shear keys in the support and with sleeve-type joints between the joining pieces. This solution continues with the truncated section and with the truncated tubes described in other previous patents, with the difference that the joints reflected in the drawing are considered insufficient and a great difference can be seen with respect to the presented model.
La patente IP2004011210, propiedad de Fuji Corporation, propone una sucesi6n de cilindros de secci6n circular o poligonal, y de diametro ascendente desde la cabeza hasta la base, unidos con machihembrado y con pretensado longitudinal y circunferencial. Estos cilindros eventualmente estaran divididos en sectores verticales. Esta patente toma la soluci6n de secciones cilindricas, con el fin de facilitar la fabricaci6n, sin embargo, la falta de refuerzos obliga a tomar un diametro considerable en la base, superior al estimado con los refuerzos en el modelo presentado. Patent IP2004011210, owned by Fuji Corporation, proposes a succession of cylinders of circular or polygonal section, and of ascending diameter from the head to the base, joined with tongue and groove and with longitudinal and circumferential prestressing. These cylinders will eventually be divided into vertical sectors. This patent takes the solution of cylindrical sections, in order to facilitate manufacturing, however, the lack of reinforcements requires a considerable diameter to be taken at the base, higher than estimated with the reinforcements in the model presented.
La patente IP2005180082, propone un fuste con secci6n cilindrica en varios tramos, siendo su diametro diferente en cada tramo, con un valor maximo en el empotramiento con la cimentaci6n y un minimo en la uni6n con la g6ndola. Cuenta, ademas, con la utilizaci6n de una pieza especial, para hacer la transici6n de un diametro a otro, y la uni6n entre m6dulos se realiza con pretensado visto por la cara interior del fuste. De nuevo, la soluci6n detallada, se basa en los anillos cilindricos superpuestos para formar cada subsecci6n del fuste, yanticipa que la secci6n cilindrica es una buena soluci6n para abaratar costes, pero sin embargo, dista notablemente de la soluci6n preconizada con refuerzos radiales en la zona inferior. The IP2005180082 patent proposes a shaft with cylindrical section in several sections, its diameter being different in each section, with a maximum value in the embedment with the foundation and a minimum in the union with the gondola. It also has the use of a special piece, to make the transition from one diameter to another, and the connection between modules is done with prestressing seen from the inside of the shaft. Again, the detailed solution is based on the superimposed cylindrical rings to form each subsection of the shaft, and anticipates that the cylindrical section is a good solution to reduce costs, but nevertheless, it is markedly far from the solution recommended with radial reinforcements in the area lower.
La patente IP2005220715, propone una soluci6n inicial en la base de secci6n variable troncoc6nica y un tramo final de secci6n cilindrica. Cada uno de los tramos los divide en troncos de cono o cilindro, compuestos de subsecciones unidas entre si mediante machihembrado horizontal y vertical atornillado, como si de una uni6n metalica se tratara. Esta soluci6n difiere notablemente de la geometria propuesta. The IP2005220715 patent proposes an initial solution at the base of the truncated conical section and a final section of the cylindrical section. Each of the sections divides them into cone or cylinder trunks, composed of subsections joined together by means of horizontal and vertical screwdriving, as if it were a metal joint. This solution differs markedly from the proposed geometry.
La patente IP2005248687, propone una soluci6n de fuste construido in situ, soluci6n notablemente diferente a la preconizada con piezas de hormig6n prefabricado. The IP2005248687 patent proposes a shaft solution built in situ, a solution markedly different from that recommended with precast concrete parts.
La patente IP2005330675, propone un fuste cilindrico formado por secciones superpuestas y ensambladas mediante pretensado. Ademas, cuanta con un sistema de absorci6n de energia en caso de sismo, basado en unas piezas metalicas que absorben parte de la energia del sismo por histeresis. Esta soluci6n, estima que la secci6n cilindrica es la soluci6n al problema pero no considera los refuerzos en la base de la soluci6n preconizada. The IP2005330675 patent proposes a cylindrical shaft formed by superimposed sections and assembled by means of prestressing. In addition, how much with an energy absorption system in case of an earthquake, based on metal parts that absorb part of the earthquake energy by hysteresis. This solution considers that the cylindrical section is the solution to the problem but does not consider the reinforcements at the base of the recommended solution.
La patente IP2007046292, propone una soluci6n de fuste troncoc6nico, compuesto por cilindros troncoc6nicos de una pieza, en la zona superior, y cilindros compuestos de sectores c6nicos, en la zona inferior. El ensamblaje entre las secciones se realiza con unos tubos en espera, de manera que la secci6n de los tubos en la parte superior de la pieza, es mayor que la de la parte inferior, constituyendo la uni6n mediante machihembrado entre los tubos. Las secciones estan dotadas de una nervadura circunferencial interior a la que se suplementara un pretensado tambien circunferencial. Esta soluci6n, se basa en la uni6n machihembrada entre m6dulos mediante los tubos, carece de refuerzo en la base y la secci6n se ayuda de los tubos de uni6n, para obtener mayor rigidez, por lo que las diferencias con la soluci6n preconizada son grandes. The IP2007046292 patent proposes a solution of a cranial shaft, consisting of one-piece cylindrical cylinders, in the upper zone, and cylinders composed of conical sectors, in the lower zone. The assembly between the sections is carried out with some tubes on hold, so that the section of the tubes in the upper part of the piece is greater than that of the lower part, constituting the joint by tongue and groove between the tubes. The sections are provided with an inner circumferential rib to which a circumferential prestress will also be supplemented. This solution, based on the tongue and groove joint between modules by means of the tubes, lacks reinforcement in the base and the section is helped by the joining tubes, to obtain greater rigidity, so that the differences with the recommended solution are large.
La patente IP2007120080, propone un fuste troncopiramidal, ya que declara secci6n poligonal en lugar de cilindrica. Se divide la longitud del fuste en varias secciones piramidales. De nuevo se vuelve a emplear la soluci6n de canto variable, pero esta vez con secci6n poligonal en lugar de circular, patente que difiere notablemente en la geometria, del fuste preconizado. The IP2007120080 patent proposes a truncated pyramid shaft, since it declares polygonal section instead of cylindrical. The shaft length is divided into several pyramidal sections. Again the variable edge solution is used again, but this time with a polygonal section instead of a circular one, a patent that differs significantly in the geometry of the recommended shaft.
La patente IP2007120080, propone una soluci6n con piezas rectas de secci6n trapecial, cuyo ensamblaje produce una secci6n poligonal de canto constante a lo largo del fuste. Se divide la longitud del fuste en varios cilindros que a su vez se subdividen en varias piezas formando un prisma poligonal. Las piezas que componen los cilindros en que se divide el fuste, se unen entre si, mediante anillos metalicos situados en el interior del fuste, equidistantes a lo largo de la geometria de este. Esta uni6n se realiza con tornillos. Tambien se proponen dos soluciones adicionales. La primera de ellas seria identica a la anterior, pero prescindiendo de una de cada dos piezas de secci6n trapecial, formando un fuste abierto. La otra soluci6n contempla la colocaci6n de estas piezas verticales, de forma radial, y uniendo estas con los anillos metalicos interiores, constituyendo, de nuevo, una secci6n abierta. Estimamos que la soluci6n de los anillos es insuficiente para soportar los esfuerzos que le llegan desde la g6ndola, no solo por la geometria de la pieza metalica sino por la fragilidad de la uni6n con los tornillos. Ademas, ambas soluciones alternativas, discrepan notablemente de la soluci6n preconizada, tanto en geometria como en capacidad portante. The IP2007120080 patent proposes a solution with straight pieces of trapezoidal section, whose assembly produces a polygonal section of constant edge along the shaft. The length of the shaft is divided into several cylinders which in turn are subdivided into several pieces forming a polygonal prism. The pieces that make up the cylinders into which the shaft is divided, are joined together, by metal rings located inside the shaft, equidistant along its geometry. This connection is made with screws. Two additional solutions are also proposed. The first one would be identical to the previous one, but disregarding one of every two pieces of trapezoidal section, forming an open shaft. The other solution contemplates the placement of these vertical pieces, radially, and joining these with the inner metal rings, again constituting an open section. We believe that the solution of the rings is insufficient to support the efforts that come from the gondola, not only because of the geometry of the metal part but also because of the fragility of the union with the screws. In addition, both alternative solutions differ significantly from the recommended solution, both in geometry and bearing capacity.
La patente IP2008101363, propone una soluci6n de fuste dividido en varias secciones prismaticas, estando cada una de ellas dividida en varios paneles verticales. Estos paneles tendran una parte de su armadura vista, barras que quedarian unidas entre si mediante la ejecuci6n del relleno de la junta con un mortero y anclajes mecanicos de uni6n. The IP2008101363 patent proposes a shaft solution divided into several prismatic sections, each of which is divided into several vertical panels. These panels will have a part of their armor in view, bars that would be joined together by executing the joint filling with a mortar and mechanical anchoring anchors.
Esta soluci6n, esta compuesta de paneles verticales, pero estos carecen de refuerzos nervados como la soluci6n que se preconiza, ademas de contar con un metodo de uni6n, que difiere del presentado. This solution is composed of vertical panels, but these lack ribbed reinforcements as the recommended solution, in addition to having a joining method, which differs from the one presented.
La patente IP2002122066, propone un fuste de secci6n cilindrica en toda la secci6n, contando con refuerzos radiales en la zona inferior. Esta soluci6n divide el fuste en varios prismas cilindricos que se unen posteriormente mediante un postesado longitudinal. En la parte inferior, se colocan unos refuerzos en forma de "T", unidos a la cimentaci6n mediante postesado y unidos al fuste, con pernos. The IP2002122066 patent proposes a cylindrical section shaft throughout the section, with radial reinforcements in the lower zone. This solution divides the shaft into several cylindrical prisms that are subsequently joined by longitudinal post-tensioning. In the lower part, "T" shaped reinforcements are placed, attached to the foundation by post-tensioning and attached to the shaft, with bolts.
Esta soluci6n, adopta tambien el fuste cilindrico como soluci6n 6ptima, dotandolo de piezas de refuerzo exteriores en la base que ayudan a transmitir las cargas a la cimentaci6n. La geometria difiere de la preconizada en esta patente que se presenta, porque los refuerzos son piezas externas que se atornillan al fuste yse unen a la cimentaci6n con pernos, en contraste con la secci6n formada por paneles nervados en una sola pieza. Tambien difiere en la forma de realizar la secci6n principal, que en un caso se hace con prismas cilindricos y en la propuesta de esta patente, se realiza en varios segmentos verticales. This solution also adopts the cylindrical shaft as an optimal solution, providing it with external reinforcement pieces in the base that help transmit the loads to the foundation. The geometry differs from that recommended in this patent, because the reinforcements are external parts that are screwed to the shaft and are attached to the foundation with bolts, in contrast to the section formed by ribbed panels in one piece. It also differs in the way of performing the main section, which in one case is made with cylindrical prisms and in the proposal of this patent, is performed in several vertical segments.
En adelante se analizaran algunas patentes Norteamericanas de fustes para aerogeneradores. From now on, some North American patents for wind turbine shafts will be analyzed.
La patente US 7464512, propone una soluci6n de fuste metalico compuesta de varios sectores que al unirse entre si, crean la secci6n completa. Esta propuesta, divide el fuste en varios tramos longitudinales, cada uno de los cuales se subdivide en varios casquetes de geometria poligonal. Cada uno de estos sectores metalicos, abarca un angulo de entre 90 y120 grados ytiene una secci6n poligonal con un pliegue en cada extremo, en el que se realiza la uni6n mediante tornillos con las piezas adyacentes. Eventualmente se colocaran refuerzos en el interior del fuste con el fin de rigidizar las uniones. Aunque no se especifica en el texto, en los dibujos se aprecia una geometria tipo tripode en la zona de la base, para arriostrar el fuste a media altura. US 7464512, proposes a metal shaft solution composed of several sectors that, when joined together, create the entire section. This proposal divides the shaft into several longitudinal sections, each of which is subdivided into several polygonal geometry caps. Each of these metal sectors, covers an angle of between 90 and 120 degrees and has a polygonal section with a fold at each end, in which the connection is made by screws with the adjacent pieces. Eventually reinforcements will be placed inside the shaft in order to stiffen the joints. Although it is not specified in the text, a tripod type geometry can be seen in the drawings in the base area, to bracing the shaft at mid-height.
Esta soluci6n, difiere notablemente de la propuesta, ya que la secci6n es de acero y no de hormig6n prefabricado. Tampoco coincide el metodo de rigidizaci6n del fuste. This solution differs markedly from the proposal, since the section is made of steel and not of precast concrete. Nor does the method of stiffening the shaft coincide.
La patente US 2009000227, propone un fuste mixto, dividido en tres tramos. El tramo inferior es troncoc6nico y de hormig6n, el tramo intermedio es metalico de secci6n cilindrica y el superior es tambien de acero pero de secci6n troncoc6nica US patent 2009000227 proposes a mixed shaft, divided into three sections. The lower section is cylindrical and concrete, the intermediate section is cylindrical and the upper section is also made of steel but with a cranial section
Esta soluci6n, utiliza una soluci6n troncoc6nica, diferente de la preconizada ycarece de refuerzos en la base. This solution uses a truncated conical solution, different from that recommended and lacks reinforcements in the base.
La patente US 2009031639, propone una soluci6n novedosa de fuste, con secci6n troncopiramidal en el tramo inferior y secci6n cilindrica de acero u hormig6n, en el tramo superior. El tramo inferior, esta dividido en secciones tubulares, cada una de las cuales esta formada por una sucesi6n de piezas rectas y curvas, entrelazadas entre si, que forman la secci6n completa. Estas piezas esta unidas mediante pretensado circunferencial. US patent 2009031639 proposes a novel solution of shaft, with truncated pyramid section in the lower section and cylindrical section of steel or concrete, in the upper section. The lower section is divided into tubular sections, each of which is formed by a succession of straight and curved pieces, interwoven together, that form the entire section. These pieces are joined by circumferential prestressing.
La geometria de esta soluci6n, difiere notablemente de la propuesta preconizada. The geometry of this solution differs markedly from the proposed proposal.
En adelante se analizaran algunas patentes Internacionales de fustes para aerogeneradores. From now on, some international patents of wind turbine shafts will be analyzed.
La patente WO 0201025, propone un fuste troncoc6nico de hormig6n con pretensado longitudinal, anclado en la cimentaci6n yrealizado in situ. WO 0201025 proposes a crankshaft concrete shaft with longitudinal prestressing, anchored in the foundation and made in situ.
Esta geometria difiere de la preconizada y no esta formada por una sucesi6n de piezas prefabricadas. This geometry differs from that recommended and is not formed by a succession of prefabricated pieces.
La patente WO 0204766, propone un fuste troncoc6nico de hormig6n prefabricado, formado por secciones de identica altura y canto variable, unidas entre si mediante pretensado longitudinal. WO 0204766, proposes a precast concrete crankshaft shaft, formed by sections of identical height and variable edge, joined together by longitudinal prestressing.
Esta secci6n, de nuevo peca de ser una imitaci6n de las soluciones existentes en acero, pero trasladadas al hormig6n, con la problematica que ello conlleva. Esta geometria difiere de la preconizada ya que carece de refuerzos en la base y tiene secci6n variable. This section, again because it is an imitation of the existing solutions in steel, but transferred to the concrete, with the problems involved. This geometry differs from that recommended because it lacks reinforcements in the base and has a variable section.
La patente WO 03069099, propone varias soluciones para el fuste, todas ellas prefabricadas. WO 03069099 proposes several solutions for the shaft, all of them prefabricated.
La primera de ellas consiste en un fuste de secci6n, troncopiramidal, formado por piezas longitudinales de secci6n constante y entre uno y varios quiebros en direcci6n transversal, que, al ensamblarse, forman una secci6n cerrada. Esta sucesi6n de secciones, resultado del ensamblaje, se colocan manteniendo los pafos, por lo que las aristas en la geometria, se mantienen a lo largo de todo el fuste. The first one consists of a truncated pyramid section shaft, consisting of longitudinal pieces of constant section and between one and several transverse breaks, which, when assembled, form a closed section. This sequence of sections, the result of the assembly, is placed keeping the paphos, so that the edges in the geometry are maintained throughout the entire shaft.
Otra variante de la soluci6n anterior, consiste en romper estas alineaciones de aristas, colocando las secciones giradas un angulo determinado, evitando asi la formaci6n de aristas constantes a lo largo de la alineaci6n. Another variant of the previous solution consists in breaking these edge alignments, placing the rotated sections at a certain angle, thus avoiding the formation of constant edges along the alignment.
Esta patente sefala tambien una soluci6n de fuste cilindrico, dividido en tramos verticales, estando cada uno de ellos dividido en 8 sectores de cilindro, ensamblados entre si. Para evitar la aparici6n de puntos debiles en el fuste, se evita la creaci6n de juntas constantes a lo largo del fuste, colocando cada tramo al tresbolillo, evitando la coincidencia de las juntas verticales en tramos contiguos. En otros dibujos se considera la soluci6n de fuste formado por una sucesi6n de secciones cilindricas con reducciones puntuales de secci6n, manteniendo el mismo despiece que en la soluci6n cilindrica constante. This patent also indicates a cylindrical shaft solution, divided into vertical sections, each of which is divided into 8 cylinder sectors, assembled together. In order to avoid the appearance of weak points in the shaft, the creation of constant joints along the shaft is avoided, placing each section to the three-leg, avoiding the coincidence of the vertical joints in adjacent sections. In other drawings, the shaft solution formed by a succession of cylindrical sections with specific section reductions is considered, maintaining the same exploded view as in the constant cylindrical solution.
Si bien, en esta patente se describe una multitud de soluciones formadas por paneles que, al ensamblarse, forman una secci6n compuesta, estos paneles no cuentan con las nervaduras de la soluci6n que se preconiza. Although, this patent describes a multitude of solutions formed by panels that, when assembled, form a composite section, these panels do not have the ribs of the solution that is recommended.
La patente WO 2007025947, propone un fuste in situ, con hormigonado mediante bomba con flujo vertical ascendente. Con este sistema, se van hormigonando sucesivamente los diferentes tramos en que se ha dividido el fuste, haciendo que las partes fraguadas, vayan ascendiendo por la presi6n del hormigonado. Ademas, es imprescindible el atirantado de la cabeza del fuste construido, para evitar flexiones que pudieran colapsar el fuste durante la fase de hormigonado o elevaci6n en cada interfase. WO 2007025947 patent proposes a shaft in situ, with concreting by pump with vertical upward flow. With this system, the different sections into which the shaft has been divided are successively concreted, causing the set parts to rise through the pressure of the concreting. In addition, it is essential to tighten the head of the built shaft, to avoid bending that could collapse the shaft during the concreting phase or elevation at each interface.
En esta patente, no se define una geometria en si, sino un metodo de elaboraci6n de fustes para aerogeneradores in situ, que claramente dista mucho de la soluci6n preconizada. In this patent, a geometry in itself is not defined, but rather a method of making spindles for on-site wind turbines, which is clearly far from the recommended solution.
La patente WO 20100.32075, propone un fuste de secci6n piramidal mixta, hormig6n - acero. Esta soluci6n crea un fuste abierto, en el que la secci6n adopta la forma de un tetraedro, en el que las aristas ascendentes, son sectores circulares de hormig6n y estos estan arriostrados entre si, con una celosia en cada uno de los planos que forman la piramide. De este modo se consigue una secci6n mas ligera, que aprovecha el canto total de la secci6n, pero que es mas compleja en su montaje y disefo, ya que aunque las piezas de hormig6n son todas iguales en toda la altura del fuste, las celosias son de canto variable desde la base hasta la cabeza. WO 20100.32075, proposes a mixed pyramid-shaped concrete-steel shaft. This solution creates an open shaft, in which the section takes the form of a tetrahedron, in which the rising edges are circular sectors of concrete and these are braced together, with a lattice in each of the planes that form the pyramid. In this way a lighter section is achieved, which takes advantage of the total edge of the section, but which is more complex in its assembly and design, since although the concrete pieces are all the same throughout the entire height of the shaft, the lattices are Variable edge from the base to the head.
Las diferencias entre esta soluci6n y la preconizada, son notables, no solo en la geometria sino en la composici6n de los materiales empleados. The differences between this solution and the one recommended are notable, not only in the geometry but also in the composition of the materials used.
La patente WO 2010044380, propone diferentes soluciones que se analizaran en detalle. WO 2010044380, proposes different solutions that will be analyzed in detail.
Comienza el desarrollo de la patente, describiendo una soluci6n de fuste prismatico de secci6n octogonal y canto constante. Este fuste asi definido, estaria dividido, longitudinalmente, en anillos de una altura determinada, y a su vez, cada anillo se compondria de 4 casquetes en forma de "C" unidos con postesado circunferencial. Los anillos alternos contarian con refuerzos tipo nervio en su cara exterior, y la uni6n entre todos los anillos, tanto los nervados como los lisos, se realizaria con postesado longitudinal. The development of the patent begins, describing a solution of prismatic shaft with octagonal section and constant edge. This shaft thus defined, would be divided, longitudinally, into rings of a certain height, and in turn, each ring would consist of 4 "C" shaped caps joined with circumferential post-tensioning. The alternate rings would have nerve reinforcements on their outer face, and the union between all the rings, both ribbed and smooth, would be performed with longitudinal post-tensioning.
La siguiente soluci6n propuesta, consiste en un fuste cilindrico, dividido tambien en anillos, pero con un refuerzo helicoidal en toda la cara exterior del prefabricado, desde la base hasta la cabeza. The next proposed solution consists of a cylindrical shaft, also divided into rings, but with a helical reinforcement on the entire outer face of the prefabricated, from the base to the head.
Otras soluciones propuestas, son similares a diferentes patentes expuestas anteriormente, bien mediante fuste troncopiramidal, fuste troncoc6nico y un fuste original con refuerzos circulares de diametro variable, de dudosa utilidad estructural. Other proposed solutions are similar to different patents set forth above, either by means of a truncated pyramid, a truncated cone and an original shaft with circular reinforcements of variable diameter, of doubtful structural utility.
Analizando todas estas tipologias expuestas en la patente descrita, no encontramos parecido razonable con respecto a la propuesta que se preconiza, ya que no se describen refuerzos rigidizadores continuos del fuste, en contacto con la cimentaci6n. Analyzing all these typologies exposed in the described patent, we did not find reasonable similarity with respect to the proposed proposal, since continuous stiffening reinforcements of the shaft are not described, in contact with the foundation.
DESCRIPCION DE LA INVENCION DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La torre que se preconiza ha sido concebida para resolver la problematica anteriormente expuesta, en base a una soluci6n sencilla pero de gran eficacia. The tower that has been recommended has been designed to solve the problems described above, based on a simple but highly effective solution.
Mas concretamente, una primera novedad que presenta la torre de la invenci6n es que el fuste de la misma es de configuraci6n cilindrica en toda su altura, con lo que el proceso de fabricaci6n resulta mucho mas sencillo que cuando es de configuraci6n tronco-c6nica. More specifically, a first novelty presented by the tower of the invention is that the shaft of the invention is of a cylindrical configuration in all its height, whereby the manufacturing process is much simpler than when it is of a conical-conical configuration.
Otra caracteristica de novedad es que la torre se materializa en hormig6n, con o sin aligerar, a base de m6dulos que se van acoplando convenientemente entre si en toda la altura de la torre, con la particularidad de que cada m6dulo esta formado por una serie de sectores o piezas que se ensamblan colateralmente entre si hasta conformar el anillo cilindrico, acoplable a otros analogos para formar la torre. Another characteristic of novelty is that the tower materializes in concrete, with or without lightening, based on modules that are conveniently coupled to each other throughout the height of the tower, with the particularity that each module is formed by a series of sectors or parts that are collaterally assembled together to form the cylindrical ring, attachable to other analogs to form the tower.
En un tramo inferior de la torre se han previsto unos contrafuertes unidos monoliticamente, para refuerzo de la base, con partes salientes que se empotran en la propia base de cimentaci6n. In a lower section of the tower, monolithically bonded buttresses are provided for reinforcement of the base, with protruding parts that are embedded in the foundation base itself.
De esta forma se pueden conseguir torres de gran altura, sin problemas de vibraciones ni de durabilidad, posibilitando una fabricaci6n mucho mas sencilla que cuando la torre es tronco-c6nica, y lo que es mas importante, permite la fabricaci6n en taller de todas y cada una de las piezas que componen cada m6dulo, para luego "in situ" llevar a cabo el montaje de las piezas de cada m6dulo y la uni6n correlativa en vertical de los distintos m6dulos para formar lo que es el fuste de la torre, en cuya parte superior se montara el correspondiente aerogenerador. In this way, towers of great height can be achieved, without problems of vibrations or durability, allowing a much simpler manufacturing than when the tower is conical, and more importantly, it allows the manufacture in workshop of each and every one of the pieces that make up each module, then "in situ" to carry out the assembly of the pieces of each module and the vertical correlative union of the different modules to form what is the shaft of the tower, in whose part The corresponding wind turbine will be mounted above.
Las piezas que constituyen cada m6dulo se consideran como paneles de hormig6n prefabricado, unidos monoliticamente por medio de acero activo o pasivo, presentando esos paneles o piezas un radio constante para que se forme en cada caso un m6dulo cilindrico. The pieces that constitute each module are considered as precast concrete panels, monolithically joined by means of active or passive steel, these panels or pieces presenting a constant radius so that in each case a cylindrical module is formed.
En base a lo anteriormente expuesto, es posible fabricar una torre con un numero minimo de encofrados, en base precisamente a la constituci6n de los paneles de hormig6n prefabricados y, dado el caso, pretensados. Based on the above, it is possible to manufacture a tower with a minimum number of formwork, based precisely on the constitution of precast concrete panels and, if necessary, prestressed.
Por ultimo decir que los contrafuertes previstos en el tramo inferior de la torre y que completan l6gicamente el esquema estructural de la misma con su uni6n monolitica al cilindro uniforme del fuste, presentaran un canto variable, dependiendo de su altura, siendo su secci6n preferentemente rectangular, sin descartar otra secci6n, como puede ser trapezoidal para alturas mayores. Finally, say that the buttresses provided in the lower section of the tower and that logically complete its structural scheme with its monolithic connection to the uniform cylinder of the shaft, will have a variable edge, depending on its height, being its section preferably rectangular, without ruling out another section, such as trapezoidal for greater heights.
DESCRIPCION DE LOS DIBUJOS DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para complementar la descripci6n que seguidamente se va a realizar ycon objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensi6n de las caracteristicas del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realizaci6n practica del mismo, se acompafa como parte integrante de dicha descripci6n, un juego de dibujos en donde con caracter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: To complement the description that will then be made and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, in accordance with a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is accompanied as an integral part of said description. where the following has been represented by way of illustration and not limitation:
La figura 1.- Muestra una vista en alzado de la torre realizada de acuerdo con el objeto de la invenci6n, con un generador e6lico previsto en la parte superior de la misma. Figure 1 shows an elevation view of the tower made in accordance with the object of the invention, with a wind generator provided on top of it.
La figura 2.- Muestra una vista en secci6n correspondiente a la linea de corte (A-A) representada en la figura 1. Figure 2.- Shows a sectional view corresponding to the cutting line (A-A) represented in Figure 1.
La figura 3.- Muestra otra vista en secci6n, en este caso correspondiente a la linea de corte (B-B) de la misma figura 1. Figure 3.- Shows another sectional view, in this case corresponding to the cutting line (B-B) of the same figure 1.
La figura 4.- Muestra un detalle ampliado, en una perspectiva seccionada, de la parte inferior de la torre dotada de los correspondientes contrafuertes, resaltando la configuraci6n del detalle de un panel. Figure 4.- Shows an enlarged detail, in a sectioned perspective, of the lower part of the tower equipped with the corresponding buttresses, highlighting the configuration of the detail of a panel.
REALIZACION PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCION PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Como se puede ver en las figuras referidas, la torre (1) de la invenci6n se caracteriza porque es de configuraci6n cilindrica en toda su altura, y esta formada por una pluralidad de m6dulos (2) que se acoplan convenientemente entre si de forma monolitica en vertical para formar el fuste de la propia columna o torre, de manera que cada m6dulo (2) esta determinado por una pluralidad de piezas alargadas en vertical, que son paneles, siempre de hormig6n, y que presentan una curvatura apropiada para formar entre ellas una configuraci6n cilindrica para cada m6dulo (2), viendose en las figuras 2, 3 y 4, el correspondiente m6dulo (2) que esta determinado en cada caso mediante varios paneles o piezas (2�), que corresponden a un sector del cilindro y que se acoplan convenientemente entre si de forma colateral mediante acero pasivo o activo, para quedar unidos monoliticamente, y formar en cada caso el correspondiente m6dulo (2), uniendose a su vez en vertical los distintos m6dulos, tambien monoliticamente, mediante acero activo o pasivo, para formar el fuste de la torre (1) con una configuraci6n totalmente cilindrica, que en su parte superior cuenta con un cuello (3) en el que va montado el correspondiente aerogenerador (4), en cuyos brazos van dispuestas las respectivas palas (5), como es convencional. As can be seen in the aforementioned figures, the tower (1) of the invention is characterized in that it has a cylindrical configuration in all its height, and is formed by a plurality of modules (2) that conveniently couple together in a monolithic manner in vertical to form the shaft of the column or tower itself, so that each module (2) is determined by a plurality of pieces elongated vertically, which are panels, always made of concrete, and which have an appropriate curvature to form between them a cylindrical configuration for each module (2), seeing in figures 2, 3 and 4, the corresponding module (2) that is determined in each case by several panels or parts (2�), which correspond to a sector of the cylinder and that they are conveniently coupled to each other collaterally by passive or active steel, to be monolithically joined, and in each case form the corresponding module (2), joining in turn the different modules vertically, also mono lithically, by means of active or passive steel, to form the shaft of the tower (1) with a completely cylindrical configuration, which in its upper part has a neck (3) on which the corresponding wind turbine (4) is mounted, in whose arms are arranged the respective blades (5), as is conventional.
El fuste de la torre (1) presenta en su parte inferior una serie de contrafuertes (6) que forman parte de cada una de las piezas o paneles (2�) que forman los m6dulos (2), todo ello de manera tal que la uni6n entre paneles (2�) ypor supuesto de los contrafuertes (6) se realiza monoliticamente con medios de acero activo o pasivo, pudiendose fabricar en taller y llevar a cabo el montaje "in situ", con la especial particularidad de que el m6dulo (2) inferior de la torre, al igual que los contrafuertes (6), cuentan con salientes (7) de empotramiento en la correspondiente base de cimentaci6n (8). The shaft of the tower (1) has in its lower part a series of buttresses (6) that are part of each of the pieces or panels (2�) that form the modules (2), all in such a way that the joining between panels (2�) and of course buttresses (6) is carried out monolithically with active or passive steel means, being able to manufacture in the workshop and carry out the assembly "in situ", with the special feature that the module ( 2) The lower part of the tower, like the buttresses (6), has recessed projections (7) in the corresponding foundation base (8).
Como es evidente, en las distintas uniones monoliticas entre los propios m6dulos (2) que forman la torre (1) yla uni6n de los distintos paneles o piezas (2�) que forma cada m6dulo (2), se realizara con las correspondientes juntas para conseguir una estructura totalmente estanca, resistente y practica en su funcionalidad. As is evident, in the different monolithic unions between the modules (2) that form the tower (1) and the union of the different panels or pieces (2�) that form each module (2), it will be made with the corresponding joints achieve a completely waterproof structure, resistant and practical in its functionality.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ES201230356U ES1077139Y (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2010-12-21 | Wind generator tower |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ES201230356U ES1077139Y (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2010-12-21 | Wind generator tower |
Publications (2)
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ES1077139U true ES1077139U (en) | 2012-06-07 |
ES1077139Y ES1077139Y (en) | 2012-09-07 |
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ES201230356U Expired - Fee Related ES1077139Y (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2010-12-21 | Wind generator tower |
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ES (1) | ES1077139Y (en) |
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ES1077139Y (en) | 2012-09-07 |
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