EP4662405A1 - Geothermisches subterranes aufwindkraftwerk - Google Patents
Geothermisches subterranes aufwindkraftwerkInfo
- Publication number
- EP4662405A1 EP4662405A1 EP24704765.7A EP24704765A EP4662405A1 EP 4662405 A1 EP4662405 A1 EP 4662405A1 EP 24704765 A EP24704765 A EP 24704765A EP 4662405 A1 EP4662405 A1 EP 4662405A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- chimney
- power plant
- sector
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/48—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations using landscape topography, e.g. valleys
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/34—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures
- F03D9/35—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures within towers, e.g. using chimney effects
- F03D9/37—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures within towers, e.g. using chimney effects with means for enhancing the air flow within the tower, e.g. by heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G4/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from geothermal energy
- F03G4/001—Binary cycle plants where the source fluid from the geothermal collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/10—Stators
- F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
- F05B2240/131—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines by means of vertical structures, i.e. chimneys
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05B2260/24—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling for draft enhancement in chimneys, using solar or other heat sources
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the invention is based on an updraft power plant with at least one chimney which runs at least partially underground and which is connected at its lower end to an air collection chamber in which air from all air-conducting system components is collected and through which the air can flow into the chimney, as well as supply air ducts through which ambient air can be fed into the air collection chamber in such a way that the air in the supply air ducts is heated by the soil surrounding the supply air ducts.
- the air is preferably heated at the base before entering the chimney, for which purpose solar collectors are currently used, for example.
- above-ground solar updraft power plants however, the chimney needs to be 200 m to more than 1000 m high, which, particularly due to the wind pressure at high altitudes, requires corresponding static requirements with regard to vibrations and deformations.
- the currently known solar updraft power plants are not capable of base load due to the use of solar collectors, and the power output is dependent on solar radiation.
- zones with a suitable amount of solar radiation for example in desert regions, weather events can occur more frequently, which can lead to increased abrasion of the solar collectors and thus lead to corresponding losses of performance and require additional maintenance.
- an underground updraft power plant is known from WO-A 2004/033901, in which Air is heated geothermally, with disused mines in particular being used for the underground updraft power plant, with the mine tunnels being used to supply and heat the air and the actual power plant being located in the conveyor shaft.
- Geothermal depth grading is used to heat the air, as a result of which the temperature increases with increasing depth, namely by 3 K per 100 m.
- thermal water or waste heat from radioactive waste can be used for additional heat supply.
- the disadvantage here is that when radioactive waste is used for additional air heating, sufficient measures must be taken against radioactive radiation, in particular it is necessary to ensure that no radioactivity is released to the outside with the air flowing through the chimney.
- WO-A 2004/033901 refers to disused coal, salt or metal ore mines as updraft power plant construction.
- the main shaft which is supposed to correspond to a former conveyor shaft, is used and, if necessary, supplemented by one or more air supply shafts.
- the existing geothermal energy at depths of 1000 meters (temperature difference 30K) or more in a mine is not sufficient to permanently heat the amount of air required to operate a solar updraft power plant.
- the earth would cool down with the required amount of air and lead to a significant reduction in the flow velocity.
- the remaining convection of the air in a mine enables good ventilation of the tunnels, but has no potential for generating electricity. If the air is heated exclusively by geothermal deep grading, the achievable air temperature is usually not sufficient to operate the updraft power plant with sufficient output.
- updraft power plants the chimney of which is at least partially underground, are also described, for example, in DE-A 102 03 469, WO-A 02/14689, DE-A 17 07 343, GB-A 2 301 633 or US-A 1 ,385,526.
- the disadvantage of all the described solar updraft power plants is that it is not possible to operate them safely with a high power yield and, in particular, to adapt the power generation to the actual demand during operation.
- Another disadvantage of the solar updraft power plants known from the state of the art is that the dimensions of power plants in mines and quarries as described cannot generate sufficient electrical power because the dimensions are too small and the losses due to the lack of flow optimization are too great.
- the ratio of shaft depth and diameter is particularly relevant here, as are the temperature profiles at the inlet and outlet.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a solar updraft power plant which can be operated regardless of the weather, in which the power output can be adjusted to the actual demand with economic yield and which does not require the static effort required for above-ground power plants.
- a solar updraft power plant with at least one chimney which runs at least partially underground and which is connected at its lower end to an air collection chamber in which air from all air-conducting system parts is collected and through which the air can flow into the chimney, as well as supply air ducts through which ambient air can be fed into the air collection chamber in such a way that the air in the supply air ducts is heated by the surrounding soil, wherein the air collection chamber is divided into at least four sectors, an outer sector (37) in which the air flowing in through the supply air ducts (9) is collected, a closable middle sector (47), a closable inner sector (49) and an innermost sector (41) through which the air heated in the middle sector or in the inner sector (49) can be fed to the chimney, wherein at least one switchable heat exchanger for heating the air is arranged in the middle sector (47) or in the inner sector (49) and at least one device for generating electrical energy in the inner sector (49) when the switchable heat exchanger is arranged in the middle sector (47),
- underground or subterranean structures are understood to mean both natural depressions and depressions created by open-cast mining that lie below the normal ambient level, such as ravines, craters, brown coal open-cast mines, copper mines, titanium mines, gold mines, rock and gravel works, clay pits, gravel pits or quarries, and also include mines known in English as “surface mining”, for example “strip mining”, “open pit mining” or “mountain top removal mining”. It is irrelevant whether the depression is allowed to decay again after the updraft power plant has been built or whether the pit remains unfilled and the components in the pit are partially or completely visible.
- Depressions can be used in such a way that at least one or more updraft power plants can be built, individually or in a network.
- the lateral stability plays a key role here.
- the stabilization of the terrain formation of the chimneys by complete or partial filling or other stabilization measures such as the connection of multiple chimneys plays an important role.
- the air is heated in a switchable heat exchanger by direct or indirect heat transfer, using a heating medium that is heated by deep or medium-deep geothermal energy, heat from fault zones or heat from natural hotspots and then releases the absorbed heat to the air either by indirect heat transfer or by direct heat transfer by injecting the heating medium into the air to be heated.
- a solar updraft power plant is a power plant for generating electrical energy in which air is heated by the addition of heat and rises in a chimney.
- the speed of the rising air is high enough to drive a power generator.
- the key variables for the performance of the solar updraft power plant are the temperature difference between the hot air entering the chimney and the ambient air, as well as the height and diameter of the enclosed column of air. It is not necessary for the air to rise vertically, i.e. at an angle of 90° to the horizontal.
- the chimney can also be inclined or have areas of different inclinations, but it is preferred if the angle at which areas of the chimney are inclined relative to the horizontal is in the range of 45° to 90°, more preferably in the range of 70° to 90° and in particular in the range of 80° to 90°. Most preferably however, it is if the chimney runs essentially vertically, i.e. at an angle of 90° to the horizontal, whereby deviations from the vertical are particularly construction-related and can amount to up to 5°.
- the chimney effect creates a large volume of hotter air in or on the supply air ducts and/or in the air collection chamber that is less dense than the colder air in the chimney.
- colder air has a higher density, it begins to flow down the still cold inner wall of the chimney. In the inner area of the chimney, the hot and therefore lighter air flows upwards.
- the cold air on the inner wall of the chimney is also displaced upwards by the buoyancy of warm air.
- the colder air thus further fans the chimney draft, is also heated up and displaced upwards by further sinking colder air in a turbulent flow, so that the chimney increasingly fills with hot air and the inner walls of the chimney heat up.
- the chimney is connected at its lower end to the innermost sector of the air collection chamber.
- the air collection chamber is particularly preferably arranged below the chimney. In the air collection chamber with a suitable volume, all of the air from all air-conducting system components, in particular the supply air ducts, is collected and fed to the chimney.
- the air collection chamber comprises at least four sectors.
- Power generators and heat exchangers can also be arranged one above the other in the air collection chamber in the respective sectors.
- the at least one device for generating electrical energy can be arranged in the inner sector and the at least one heat exchanger to be in the middle sector.
- the outer sector and/or the innermost sector can be equipped with one or more heat exchangers. It is also possible to install one or more heat exchangers in the adjacent chimney.
- This sectoral In the present invention, the structure of the air duct is referred to as a sectoral air collection chamber and includes all of the sectors mentioned above.
- the heat exchanger(s) can also be arranged in the direction of air flow upstream of the device for generating electrical energy, alternatively or additionally in the air supply shafts at any point or in the chimney at any point.
- the devices for generating electrical energy can additionally or alternatively be arranged at the outlet of the chimney. To do this, it is possible, for example, to build a ring around the chimney and close off the upper cross-section of the chimney, for example with a dome, so that the air leaving the chimney flows through the ring.
- the devices for generating electrical energy are preferably arranged in the ring as described below for the air collection chamber.
- the chimney can also be closed or covered at the top without the devices for generating electrical energy in order to protect it from environmental influences such as water or rain.
- This type of arrangement must be such that the hot air can be directed to the power generators in a targeted manner. Turbulence must be minimized.
- the middle sector and/or the inner sector can be closed with suitable devices and preferably regulated. This enables electricity to be generated as needed by only passing as much air through the middle sector as is required to generate the amount of electricity currently required. In contrast to known power plants, this allows rapid adjustment to the actual electricity demand.
- the arrangement of the device for generating electrical energy in the closable middle sector or in the closable inner sector allows individual devices for generating electrical energy to be removed from the air flow and thus the power to be controlled.
- the device for generating electrical energy is preferably arranged in the middle sector upstream of the switchable heat exchanger, since cold air has a higher density than warm air and thus more energy can be generated by the device for generating electrical energy.
- the thermal load is much lower than when hot air flows through.
- the air in the switchable heat exchanger is heated by the medium-depth or deep geothermal energy, preferably to a temperature of more than 100 °C.
- Another advantage of the sectoral arrangement is the optimization of the performance of the devices for generating electrical energy.
- a parallel arrangement of several devices for generating electrical energy is possible, which does not limit performance compared to a serial arrangement.
- the serial arrangement of turbines described in WO-A 2004/033901 limits performance because the air pressure drops after each turbine and turbulence occurs that hinders the flow to the subsequent turbine connected in series.
- the device for generating electrical energy preferably comprises at least one rotor and at least one generator or at least one wind-driven turbine with generator or at least one turbine generator or at least one pressure-stage turbine with generator or at least one turbo-expander turbine with generator or at least one pressure-stage wind turbine generator set.
- Rotors are particularly preferably used to drive the generator, whereby the axis of the rotors can be arranged horizontally or inclined.
- the axis of the rotor preferably has an angle in the range of 0° to 60° to the horizontal.
- rotors can also be used whose axis is inclined at an angle between 60° and 90° to the horizontal.
- the rotors can be It can also be a case of specially modified turbines for generating electricity with hot air, which are constructed similarly to the steam turbines used to generate electricity.
- the turbine wheels are adapted to the lower density of the medium flowing through, i.e. the hot air.
- Turbines that are preferably used to generate electricity do not operate in a speed-graded manner like a free-running wind energy converter (wind turbine), but rather as a sheathed pressure-graded wind turbine generator set, in which, like in a hydroelectric power station, static pressure is reduced to generate energy.
- the air speed in front of and behind the turbine is approximately the same.
- the power extracted is proportional to the product of the volume flow and the pressure drop across the turbine.
- the aim of turbine control is to maximize this product in all operating conditions.
- the turbine controls the pressure drop and thus the optimal air speed and air flow in the system via the blade adjustment.
- the efficiency of such systems is 80% and more.
- spiral updraft turbines Such rotors have a long, vertical axis that has a spherical mount at the lower end that is mounted on a permanent magnet. This design means that there is no friction, so no maintenance is necessary.
- spiral updraft turbines can be installed anywhere in the chimney. It is also possible to position at least one spiral updraft turbine below the chimney in an expanded chimney area.
- corresponding devices can also be installed in all other positions in the updraft power plant where air flows, including in the chimney or in supply air ducts or tunnels through which air flows.
- rotors of the device for generating electrical energy in the chimney these are preferably installed as vertical rotors above the air collection space in the lowest part of the chimney.
- the heat that the air absorbs directly from the surrounding soil is referred to as geothermal energy. Since the temperature of the soil increases by about 3 K per 100 m with increasing depth, the incoming air can already be preheated in this way. To make better use of the heat from the soil surrounding the supply air ducts, it is preferable to drive heat-conducting rods or pipes, in particular metal II pipes, into the walls of the supply air ducts. At the end protruding into the supply air duct, the air flowing around cools the heat-conducting rods and is thus heated.
- the end of the heat-conducting rods protruding into the supply air duct is provided with ribs or fins to increase the heat-transfer surface.
- a heat-conducting medium can flow through the heat-conducting rods.
- a pump can be provided with which the heat-conducting medium is circulated in the heat-conducting pipes or the heat-conducting pipes work according to the principle of a heat pipe known to those skilled in the art.
- Medium-depth or deep geothermal energy used for further heating refers to petrothermal or hydrothermal heat extracted from greater depths, whereby medium-depth or deep geothermal energy achieves a heat input of more than 20 K.
- Medium-depth or deep geothermal energy includes systems in which geothermal energy is extracted via deep boreholes and whose energy can be used directly.
- Medium-depth geothermal energy begins at a depth of more than 400 m and a temperature of more than 20 °C.
- Deep geothermal energy begins at a depth of more than 1000 m and a temperature of more than 40 °C.
- Deep geothermal energy includes hydrothermal systems, for example aquifers with hot, warm or thermal water, where hot water has a temperature of more than 100 °C, warm water has a temperature in the range of 60 to 100 °C and thermal water has a temperature of 20 to 60 °C.
- hydrothermal systems with high energy at a depth of 1000 to 3500 m can be used to generate heat.
- the heat can also come from fault zones or natural hotspots. Fault zones or natural hotspots are deep boreholes that cause very strong increases in ground temperature from a depth of 100 m. caused by geological faults, such as the Laxenburg project in Lower Austria.
- petrothermal systems at depths of 1500 to over 10000 m, preferably from 2000 to 7500 m and especially from 2300 to 7000 m as a geothermal heat source, whereby the energy stored predominantly in the rock is used here.
- these systems are Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) or Hot Dry Rock Systems (HDR), which are also known as open systems. This involves energy being generated from the rock itself, so that it is largely independent of water-bearing structures.
- the hot rock often the crystalline basement or sandstone with low porosity, is used as a heat exchanger.
- Deep geothermal probes are particularly preferred for the use of medium-depth or deep geothermal energy, whereby the energy from any rock sequence is used with a closed circuit of the heating medium in the probe.
- Deep geothermal probes are vertical closed heat exchangers that are installed in boreholes with a depth of more than 400 m.
- the heating medium circulates in a closed system, preferably at a depth of 800 to 3000 m. Alternatively, depths of more than 3000 m up to 8000 m are also possible. It is particularly preferred if the geothermal probe is drilled from the lowest point of the updraft power plant, for example the floor of the air collection chamber or a deep inlet channel.
- Geothermal probes with a closed control circuit are preferred, in which the heat is safely absorbed in a closed circuit system by a working medium without exchange with the deep water and without interaction with the deep rock. This makes it possible to build closed geothermal plants with very high power outputs, which are required for the solar updraft power plant described here.
- An example of such geothermal probes with a larger circuit are the systems available under the name Eavor-LoopTM from Eavor GmbH or from Fervo Energy from Houston, Texas.
- At least one heat exchanger with which the air is heated using medium-depth or deep geothermal energy, is located in the inner sector of the air collection chamber.
- further heat exchangers in the innermost sector of the air collection chamber, in the area below the chimney or in the lower, middle or upper area of the chimney in order to heat the air, preferably a position in the middle or lower area of the chimney and particularly preferably a position in the lower area of the chimney.
- heat exchangers in the supply air shafts, in which case the position is chosen so that the path from the heat exchanger to the outlet of the chimney is shorter than to the inlet into the supply shaft.
- the performance of the updraft power plant according to the invention depends in particular on three factors, the cross-sectional area of the chimney, the height of the chimney and the temperature difference, whereby the height and the temperature difference are each included in the performance calculation of the kinetic energy of the updraft with the exponent 3/2. Since the square of the radius is included in the calculation of the cross-sectional area, the cross-sectional area of the chimney offers the greatest potential for increasing performance.
- the chimney can have a diameter of 20 m to more than 1000 m, whereby the chimney preferably has a diameter of 20 to 500 m, more preferably 20 to 300 m and in particular 30 to 200 m. If the chimney does not have a round cross-sectional area, but any other cross-sectional area, the diameter of the hydraulic diameter is used, which is
- the solar updraft power plant can also have several chimneys. This is particularly advantageous if the chimney effect is no longer sufficient due to a diameter that is too large. In this case, several chimneys, each with a smaller diameter, can be provided, with the total cross-sectional area of all chimneys corresponding to the desired cross-sectional area.
- the air can be heated using solar thermal energy, waste heat from technical systems or combustion gases.
- the device for heating the air usually includes at least one heat exchanger through which a heat transfer medium flows.
- the heat transfer medium can then be heated, for example, by solar energy, waste heat from technical systems or combustion gases.
- combustion gases it is also possible to use a It is also possible to use a burner or a combustion turbine and to introduce the resulting combustion gases directly into the air flowing through the chimney.
- additional heating via the combustion of fossil or green energy sources that are on or under the earth's surface.
- the waste heat from ironworks or steelworks can be used.
- the heat transfer medium can be used directly to cool the technical system.
- it is also possible to use cooling water from technical systems to heat the air in which case the cooling water is used to cool a technical process and then the cooling water can be used to heat the air.
- Suitable heat exchangers include, for example, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, preferably with finned tubes, plate heat exchangers, finned heat exchangers, coiled tubes, smooth tube heat exchangers, heat exchangers with flat tubes or any special heat exchangers.
- the device for heating the air can be installed in a sector of the air collection chamber, in air-conducting system components, in particular the supply air ducts, or in the chimney.
- the device for heating the air is preferably arranged in the inner sector or in the chimney and in particular in the inner sector.
- the air is effectively distributed or swirled at the chimney outlet. This allows the air to flow out of the chimney more quickly, which increases the flow speed in the chimney.
- a chimney section can be located above ground. The higher the above-ground part of the chimney, the more advantageous it is for the distribution of the heated air. Since heights of more than 1000 m are technically possible, but heights of more than 600 m have so far been uneconomical, it is preferred if the above-ground part of the chimney has a height in the range of 10 to 600 m and in particular in the range of 20 to 400 m in order to distribute the air flow from the chimney. It However, it is also conceivable that the chimney has a height of less than 10 m or has no above-ground part at all.
- cooling tower or cooling tower is a system that uses a heat exchanger to remove excess heat or heat that is no longer technically usable.
- the use of a natural draft cooling tower is particularly suitable for this.
- Cooling towers of this type are usually up to 400 m high from the ground level.
- a type of hybrid system can be used in which the chimney has an above-ground part with a height of 50 to 400 m. In this above-ground part, the air is additionally cooled, thus increasing the temperature gradient in the solar updraft power plant and thus the efficiency.
- a dome with corresponding generators can also be built on the chimney.
- the generators for generating electricity are preferably not located in the air collection chamber, but at the outlet of the chimney at the top.
- the underground part of the chimney preferably has a height of 100 m to 5000 m, with a height of 200 m to 4000 m being preferred and a height of 500 m to 3500 m being particularly preferred.
- the height of the chimney also depends on the type of geothermal energy being used. A lower height is sufficient, particularly when using the heat from natural hotspots. When using natural hotspots, a chimney height of 100 to 500 m may be sufficient, although in this case a chimney height of 500 to 3000 m is also possible.
- the solar updraft power plant can also comprise other system components, in particular rotors for generating vortices, burner systems, combustion turbines and/or steam injection.
- the rotors for generating vortices and the steam injection can be used to improve efficiency.
- the air temperature can be increased by means of burner systems or combustion turbines and thus the efficiency can also be improved.
- burner systems or combustion turbines can be used to additionally heat the air for starting up the solar updraft power plant and thus accelerate the start-up process.
- the burner systems or combustion turbines are preferably arranged in the innermost sector of the air collection chamber or in the lower area of the chimney.
- Rotors for generating vortices and the Steam injection is preferably arranged in the lower part of the chimney, although steam injection can also take place in any of the sectors of the air plenum, in particular in the middle sector, the inner sector or the innermost sector.
- burner systems or combustion turbines can be operated with natural gas, liquid gas, hydrogen or any other fuel, especially combustible gases.
- green energy sources such as methane from biogas plants or ethanol from biomass is particularly preferred.
- the burner systems or combustion turbines can be used in particular during start-up to heat up the updraft power plant more quickly or to increase the energy input into the updraft power plant and thus to increase the output.
- the temperature level of the air heated in this way can be more than 600 °C, with the air flowing into the chimney preferably having a temperature of no more than 450 °C and in particular no more than 250 °C.
- colder air is mixed with the exhaust gas from the burner system or the combustion turbine.
- the colder air can either be ambient air or preheated air, with the preheated air having a temperature that is below the temperature of the exhaust gas.
- the amount of air mixed with the exhaust gas is preferably such that the temperature of the air supplied to the chimney is in the range of 20 to 600 °C.
- air is supplied via at least one supply air duct, preferably several supply air ducts.
- the supply air ducts are preferably designed as shafts and/or tunnels in the ground. Shafts are understood to be ducts that run essentially vertically, and tunnels are understood to be ducts that run essentially horizontally or with only a slight incline.
- the cross-sectional area of the supply air ducts is preferably at least 50% of the cross-sectional area of the chimney. It is further preferred if the cross-sectional area of the supply air ducts is at least 100% of the cross-sectional area of the chimney, more preferably at least 130% of the cross-sectional area of the chimney and in particular 150 to 500% of the cross-sectional area of the chimney. If several chimneys are included, the cross-sectional area of the supply air ducts refers to the total cross-sectional area of all chimneys. In order to minimize line losses in the supply air ducts and in the chimney, it is also advantageous if the supply air ducts and/or the chimney are aerodynamically optimized in order to achieve the most trouble-free air flow possible.
- the surfaces of the supply air ducts and/or the chimney are preferably designed in such a way that turbulent flows are largely avoided and the air can flow laminarly through the supply air ducts.
- the surfaces can be designed like shark skin or like the surface of golf balls with dimples.
- the size of the dimples can vary depending on the size of the chimney.
- the dimples are, for example, inserted into the outer wall using special formwork panels with a negative image of the dimples, so that a positive impression of the corresponding dimples is produced after concreting.
- turbulent flows can be extracted through suitable slots in the inner wall of the chimney.
- Pipes are laid in the concrete wall of the chimney, which suck the turbulent air from the wall surface via a negative pressure.
- the negative pressure can be created by moving air in the shaft through higher outlets in the form of pipes or slots.
- fittings can be used that can accelerate or slow down the air.
- One or more diffusers can also be installed in the chimney or the supply air ducts to specifically direct and control the air flow and the associated reduction of turbulent flows.
- baffles are also planned, although these can also be made of materials other than sheet metal, such as composite materials or other plastics, metals, wood or mineral building materials, in order to be able to better control the air flow. These components are particularly helpful in reducing or suppressing turbulence when there are bends in the supply air ducts.
- heat storage units to store the heat.
- Latent heat storage units or stones or piles of stones are suitable as heat storage units. In this way, for example, if more power is required or if sufficient heat cannot be provided, the air can be further heated using the stored heat.
- the heat storage can be designed, for example, as a concrete heat storage with air ducts, as a rock fill, as a fluidized bed, as water, as oil or as a liquid salt mixture.
- Suitable phase change materials for a latent heat storage system include water, salts or metals, which are melted to store heat and then solidify again to release heat. Heat storage can also be achieved using reversibly chemically reacting substances. Suitable heat storage materials, phase change materials or reversibly chemically reacting substances for heat storage are known to those skilled in the art.
- all heat exchangers used to heat the air can be switched on to control the solar wind power plant and to regulate the power provided. This makes it possible to switch individual or all heat exchangers on or off so that the amount of heat supplied to the air can be adjusted. For example, it is possible to switch off individual heat exchangers if a sufficient air temperature can be achieved by using fewer heat exchangers.
- each flow channel contains at least one device for generating electrical energy and at least at least one heat exchanger is included. It is also preferred if each flow channel can be closed. In this way, the output can be adjusted by opening or closing individual channels. Furthermore, heat exchangers in individual flow channels can also be switched off in order to achieve the desired air temperature at which the air flows into the chimney by mixing colder and warmer air.
- a fresh air blower can be completely dispensed with, which further increases the overall efficiency.
- a fresh air blower it is also possible to use a fresh air blower as a support.
- a tangential or oblique air injection which is suitable for generating and stabilizing an air vortex, can be used as a vortex generator to create the air vortex in the chimney.
- Suitable air guides such as guide plates or deflectors, can also be used to add a swirl to the air flow or to stabilize a swirl.
- the air injection and/or the air guides can be arranged at one or more positions in the chimney at any height. If air guides are built into the chimney, they can be made of concrete, composite materials such as fiber-reinforced plastics or laminates, plastics or metals, for example.
- the air vortex is created by tangential or oblique air injection, this can take place at any height in the chimney. It is preferable if the injected air has been enriched with saturated or superheated water vapor. To start the condensation process of water vapor and thus the release of latent heat energy, air with a suitable temperature or water can be injected tangentially at any height of the chimney.
- Steam can be generated in the traditional way using burners or electricity. Alternatively, it is also possible to use the geothermal energy already used in solar updraft power plants to generate steam.
- the solar updraft power plant according to the invention can be built in a disused mine or a disused mine, whereby it is necessary to install heat exchangers that use medium-depth or deep geothermal energy. Furthermore, it is necessary to adapt the shafts for the air supply in cross-section and, if necessary, to enlarge and/or supplement them in order to supply sufficient air for the chimney of the solar updraft power plant.
- a key advantage of converting a disused, existing mine into a solar updraft power plant is that the drying out of the structures by the air currents of the solar updraft power plant can significantly reduce maintenance costs, i.e. the so-called perpetual costs. Furthermore, when using a mine, all geological formations are known.
- the main shafts forming the chimneys are at least 300 m 2 , whereby a total cross-sectional area of the chimneys of at least 3000 m 2 is further preferred and a total cross-sectional area of the chimneys of at least 7000 m 2 or larger is particularly preferred.
- a shaft with air supply shafts can also be built at any location at the required depth. It is also conceivable to build the chimney of the updraft power plant in a mountain. In this case, the air supply can be at the foot of the mountain, below the foot of the mountain or in the depths via appropriate air supply structures. However, geothermal drilling must still be carried out, which can then be connected to the chimney in accordance with the previous explanations.
- Figure 1 is an overview view of a solar updraft power plant according to the invention
- Figure 2 is a three-dimensional representation of the chimney with supply shaft
- Figure 3 is a three-dimensional representation of the air collection chamber of a solar updraft power plant
- Figure 4 is a sectional view of the air collection chamber
- Figure 5 is a horizontal sectional view of the air collection chamber in three-dimensional representation.
- Figure 1 shows an overview view of an updraft power plant according to the invention and Figure 2 shows a three-dimensional representation of the chimney of the updraft power plant with supply shaft.
- the updraft power plant comprises a chimney 1 with an above-ground part 3 and an underground part 5. Below the chimney 1 on its inlet side there is an air collection chamber 7 in which the air flowing in from the supply air ducts 9 is collected and fed into the chimney.
- the supply air ducts 9 have above-ground supply air structures 11 through which the supply air is introduced into the supply air ducts 9, but which at the same time also offer protection so that no people, animals or objects are sucked into the supply air ducts 9.
- the supply air ducts 9 each have a vertical section 13 that opens into an intermediate shaft 15. At least one connecting shaft 17 branches off from the intermediate shaft 15 and opens into the air collection chamber 7.
- the supply air ducts 9 can be closed individually and independently of one another.
- suitable locks or valves can be provided at any point in the supply air duct 9.
- the supply air ducts 9 are particularly preferably closed in the above-ground supply air structure 11.
- geothermal boreholes 19 are preferably provided, as shown here, starting from the lower level of the solar updraft power plant, in which a geothermal probe through which the heating medium flows is particularly preferably accommodated. As it flows through the geothermal probe, the heating medium is heated and then gives off the absorbed heat to the air flowing into the chimney 1. It is particularly preferred if the geothermal boreholes are driven from underground geothermal spaces 20 in order to facilitate maintenance and assembly.
- the air drives wind turbines or rotors that are connected to generators to produce electricity.
- the electricity produced is fed to the earth's surface and can be distributed further via a power station 21.
- the air can also be heated using other energy sources.
- solar thermal energy it is possible to use solar thermal energy to heat the air.
- a solar field 23 is provided, which is connected to underground solar thermal rooms 27 via a solar thermal station 25.
- the solar thermal rooms contain suitable heat exchangers with which the air can be heated.
- a heat storage unit 29 can be provided in which excess heat can be stored. As long as the geothermal or solar thermal energy provides more heat than is currently required, the excess heat can be stored in the heat storage unit 29. As soon as additional heat is required, for example For example, due to a decreasing temperature difference between the air supplied to the chimney and the ambient air, the heat from the heat accumulator 29 can be used to further heat the air flow supplied to the chimney.
- a conveyor cage as known from underground mines, a classic freight elevator or a freight elevator with magnetic levitation technology can be moved in the chimney of the power plant or in a separate vertical supply shaft 31, which preferably runs parallel to the chimney of the power plant.
- a freight elevator with magnetic levitation technology has the advantage that the mass of the ropes, which can weigh between 20 and 30 tons for a building that is 300 meters high or a shaft that is 300 meters deep, does not have to be accelerated and braked with each movement, which costs valuable energy. Furthermore, heights or depths of more than 300 meters can no longer be served because at some point the weight of the ropes becomes so great that they break. Another problem is the so-called natural frequency of the long ropes. It takes a lot of effort to suppress rope frequencies. Magnetic levitation technology does not have any of these problems and would solve a wide range of problems, especially in mining.
- the elevator technology for elevators with magnetic levitation technology could be installed in the outer wall of chimney 1 or in the vertical supply shaft 31 of the solar chimney power plant. During the construction period, people and building materials could be easily transported. After the construction period for the shaft has ended, the elevator or elevators could be used for maintenance work.
- assembly chambers 30 are provided at different heights.
- the assembly chambers 30 are preferably connected to one another by the vertical supply shaft 31.
- the vertical supply shaft 31 can be continuous if it is equipped with magnetic levitation technology or, in the case of classic freight elevators, as shown in Figure 2, can be controlled individually in alternation with the assembly chambers 30.
- the alternating shafts 32 are necessary here because steel cables or other cables can only carry loads over a limited length. Therefore, the length of the elevator cables used is shortened in this way.
- a supply road 33 via which soil can be removed during construction and via the plant components which are to be are difficult to transport with the conveyor cage, can be transported downwards.
- This supply road 33 can be built spiral-shaped, with a gradient of 1% to 12%, preferably with a gradient of 3% to 10% and in particular with a gradient of 5% to 9% directly to the chimney 1 of the solar updraft power plant.
- the supply road 33 has a distance of between 1 m and 10 m, more preferably a distance of between 10 m and 30 m and in particular a distance of 30 m or more from the chimney 1.
- the supply line 33 may run outside the assembly chambers 30 and then be connected via horizontal supply shafts 34 or, as shown in Figure 2, between the assembly chambers and the chimney 1.
- the horizontal supply shafts 34 then run via the supply line 33 to the assembly chambers 30 with access to the elevator or elevators in the vertical supply shaft 31.
- the assembly chambers 30 can be used during the construction period to transport the waste when the chimney 1 is excavated. Disposal is preferably carried out using conveyor belts, as are known from underground and open-cast mining. Every 100 m to 500 m, preferably every 150 m to 200 m, extendable platforms are built through the horizontal supply shafts 34, which are used during the construction phase to transport concrete, as a starting point and also to lower or raise heavy equipment.
- supply road 33 can also be used as an air supply shaft.
- All supply shafts and roads can of course also be used for the construction of air supply shafts with suitable measures.
- horizontal supply shafts must be created to the air supply shafts.
- additional subterranean updraft power plants which are built directly next to an existing updraft power plant, could be built over the supply routes and shafts.
- Figure 3 shows the air collection chamber as a three-dimensional view
- Figure 4 shows the air collection chamber in a sectional view
- Figure 5 shows a horizontal sectional view in three-dimensional representation.
- the air collection chamber 7 has an octagonal cross-section.
- the air collection chamber 7 can also have any shape. If the air collection chamber 7 is not circular, the number of edges preferably corresponds to the number of supply air ducts 9 fed to the air collection chamber 7, the connecting shafts 17 of which open into the air collection chamber 7.
- the air collection chamber 7 in the embodiment shown in Figures 4 and 5 has an outer sector 37, a middle segment 39 and an innermost sector 41.
- the middle segment 39 is divided into a middle sector 47 and an inner sector 49, in which the device for generating electrical energy and/or the heat exchangers are optionally placed.
- a device for generating electrical energy or a heat exchanger can be placed in the middle sector 47 and, accordingly, a heat exchanger or a device for generating electrical energy can be placed in the inner sector 49.
- the middle segment 39 is made up of at least one, preferably several flow channels 43, through which the air flows from the outer sector 37 into the innermost sector 41.
- the flow channels 43 comprise closure devices 45 which can close the outer sector 37, flow generators 47, the heat exchangers 49 and closure devices 46 to close the flow channel 43 to the innermost sector 41.
- the supply air ducts 9 open into the outer sector 37 of the air collection chamber, in which the air is collected and fed to the flow ducts 43 of the middle segment 39.
- the outer sector 37, in which the air is collected, can ensure that the air is fed evenly to the flow ducts 43 even in the event of uneven air supply and that there is always sufficient air available, which can be fed through the flow ducts from the middle segment 39 to the innermost sector 41 in order to then flow into the chimney 1 via the outlet 35, thus ensuring continuous operation of the solar chimney power plant.
- the individual flow channels 43 are designed in such a way that that they can each be closed independently of one another.
- the flow channels 43 have a closing device 45, for example a bulkhead or a slide, at least at one end. It is preferred if the flow channels 43 can be closed at both ends, that is to say the end opening into the outer sector 37 and the end opening into the innermost sector 41, with a closing device 45, 46.
- the flow channels 43 there is at least one device for generating electrical energy in the middle sector 47 and downstream of the device there is at least one heat exchanger in the inner sector 49, or there is at least one heat exchanger in the middle sector 47 and at least one device for generating electrical energy in the inner sector 49.
- a heating medium flows through the heat exchanger, which draws its energy from medium-deep or deep geothermal energy, fault zones or natural hotspots.
- the heat exchangers in the middle sector 47 or in the inner sector 49 are preferably switchable, so that it is also possible to pass air through the heat exchanger without it being heated further. This allows the air flow to be further controlled and the desired temperature to be set.
- the devices for generating electrical energy accommodated in the middle sector 47 or in the inner sector 49 are, for example, turbines or rotors with generators, whereby the generators can be connected to the turbine or rotor via an axis or the rotation of the turbine or rotor is transmitted to a rotation axis of the generator by means of suitable gears or belts, whereby in this case the generator can be located outside the flow channel 43.
- the generator is located inside the flow channel 43 and is directly connected to the axis of the rotor or turbine.
- the inlet channels 9, flow channels 43 and all other tunnels or shafts, hereinafter referred to as channels are each shown with an octagonal cross-section.
- the channels can also have any other cross-section, in particular a circular cross-section.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023103263.1A DE102023103263A1 (de) | 2023-02-10 | 2023-02-10 | Geothermisches subterranes Aufwindkraftwerk |
| PCT/EP2024/053330 WO2024165735A1 (de) | 2023-02-10 | 2024-02-09 | Geothermisches subterranes aufwindkraftwerk |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4662405A1 true EP4662405A1 (de) | 2025-12-17 |
Family
ID=89905786
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24704765.7A Pending EP4662405A1 (de) | 2023-02-10 | 2024-02-09 | Geothermisches subterranes aufwindkraftwerk |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4662405A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120813767A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023103263A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024165735A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1385526A (en) | 1920-12-27 | 1921-07-26 | Domenico Deiana | Power-generating apparatus |
| DE2707343A1 (de) * | 1977-02-19 | 1978-08-24 | Gustav Weber | Windkraftanlage durch luftauftrieb |
| GB2301633B (en) | 1995-06-01 | 1998-10-28 | Gordon Cross | Electric power generation |
| WO2002014689A1 (de) | 2000-08-16 | 2002-02-21 | Herbert Jenner | Windkraftanlage mit kamineffekt |
| DE10203469A1 (de) | 2001-01-25 | 2002-08-01 | Ralf Oberste | Verfahren zur Umwandlung von Windenergie in mechanische Energie |
| WO2004033901A1 (de) | 2002-10-11 | 2004-04-22 | Heinz Gurtner | Aufwindkraftwerk betrieben durch erdwärme erwärmter luft |
| DE102004002316A1 (de) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-08-04 | Bartminn, Daniel, Dipl.-Ing. | Erdwärme-Aufwindkraftwerk zur Gewinnung elektrischer Energie aus Erdwärme |
| US9574551B2 (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2017-02-21 | Gtherm, Inc. | Power tower—system and method of using air flow generated by geothermal generated heat to drive turbines generators for the generation of electricity |
| US8875511B2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-11-04 | Larry C. Simpson | Geothermal wind system |
| CN103388560A (zh) * | 2012-05-10 | 2013-11-13 | 索增志 | 大气压差风力高效集成发电装置及高效集成方法 |
| KR101673916B1 (ko) * | 2016-05-02 | 2016-11-08 | 주식회사 에코다 | 연돌효과를 이용한 발전 시스템 |
-
2023
- 2023-02-10 DE DE102023103263.1A patent/DE102023103263A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2024
- 2024-02-09 CN CN202480015778.1A patent/CN120813767A/zh active Pending
- 2024-02-09 WO PCT/EP2024/053330 patent/WO2024165735A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-02-09 EP EP24704765.7A patent/EP4662405A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024165735A1 (de) | 2024-08-15 |
| CN120813767A (zh) | 2025-10-17 |
| DE102023103263A1 (de) | 2024-08-14 |
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