EP4655140A1 - Kollisionsfreie roboterbahnen - Google Patents
Kollisionsfreie roboterbahnenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4655140A1 EP4655140A1 EP24708422.1A EP24708422A EP4655140A1 EP 4655140 A1 EP4655140 A1 EP 4655140A1 EP 24708422 A EP24708422 A EP 24708422A EP 4655140 A1 EP4655140 A1 EP 4655140A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- robot
- path
- poses
- learning
- planning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Program controls
- B25J9/1656—Program controls characterised by programming, planning systems for manipulators
- B25J9/1664—Program controls characterised by programming, planning systems for manipulators characterised by motion, path, trajectory planning
- B25J9/1666—Avoiding collision or forbidden zones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Program controls
- B25J9/1628—Program controls characterised by the control loop
- B25J9/163—Program controls characterised by the control loop learning, adaptive, model based, rule based expert control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Program controls
- B25J9/1694—Program controls characterised by use of sensors other than normal servo-feedback from position, speed or acceleration sensors, perception control, multi-sensor controlled systems, sensor fusion
- B25J9/1697—Vision controlled systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37555—Camera detects orientation, position workpiece, points of workpiece
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/40—Robotics, robotics mapping to robotics vision
- G05B2219/40317—For collision avoidance and detection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/40—Robotics, robotics mapping to robotics vision
- G05B2219/40476—Collision, planning for collision free path
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/40—Robotics, robotics mapping to robotics vision
- G05B2219/40607—Fixed camera to observe workspace, object, workpiece, global
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/45—Nc applications
- G05B2219/45063—Pick and place manipulator
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for planning a path of a robot using a machine-learned forecast for a collision-free path, a method for machine learning the forecast, and a system and computer program or computer program product for carrying out a method described here.
- a common requirement for robots is to assume one or more target poses, for example to grasp or place an object, to machine a workpiece, or the like.
- An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to improve the planning or execution of robot paths, preferably to reduce, preferably to avoid, one or more of the aforementioned disadvantages or problems.
- Claims 12, 13 represent a system or computer program or.
- a method for planning a path of a robot comprises the steps:
- One embodiment of the present invention is based on the idea of first determining or selecting, in a multi-stage process, a target pose candidate that is promising, in particular more promising, preferably the or one of the most promising, with regard to, in particular, finding a collision-free path, with the aid of or on the basis of (an evaluation using a) machine-learned forecast, and then carrying out path planning on the basis of this or for this most promising target pose candidate.
- the machine-learned prediction for (finding) a collision-free path can be better trained and/or work more reliably and/or more quickly in one embodiment. Additionally or alternatively, this can increase the reliability that no collision will occur on the planned path, particularly through path planning in a second stage.
- the robot has at least one robot arm. Additionally or alternatively, the robot, in particular the robot arm, in one embodiment has at least three, in particular at least six, in one embodiment at least seven, joints or (movement) axes, in particular by drives of the Robot has actuated or adjustable and/or rotary joints or axes.
- the present invention is particularly advantageous due to the kinematics, operating conditions and collision possibilities.
- alternative target poses comprises, in one embodiment, specifying alternative target poses, in a further development based on user input and/or at least partially automated, in one embodiment based on environmental data of the robot, in particular environmental recognition and/or processing data, for example (recognized) objects to be grasped, possible storage locations, workpieces to be processed, robot-guided tools or the like.
- the provision can in particular comprise retrieving or loading stored alternative target poses. In one embodiment, this means that more promising or more expedient target poses can be used as a basis in advance and/or the process can be accelerated.
- a pose in the sense of the present invention comprises, in one embodiment, a position of the robot, in particular its joints, and/or a position, in particular a one-, two- or three-dimensional position, and/or an orientation, in particular a one-, two- or three-dimensional orientation, in particular of at least one robot-fixed reference, preferably an end effector, TCP or the like.
- the provision of environmental data that specify a geometry of an environment of the robot comprises, in one embodiment, the sensory detection of the environment, in a further development using at least one camera, in particular a stationary or robot-guided camera, and/or data processing, in particular filtering, transformation or the like, of environmental data and/or retrieving or loading stored environmental data.
- the environmental data provided is based on a sensory detection of an environment of the robot, in particular using at least one camera, in particular a stationary or robot-guided camera, and/or a theoretical model of the environment, for example a CAD model of a robot cell or the like. In one embodiment, this can improve the reliability of collision avoidance.
- a machine-learned forecast for a collision-free path for a target pose determines or delivers, in one embodiment, based on environmental data (and the target pose), a value, preferably a binary value, a probability value or the like, which depends on whether or with what probability a collision-free path for the target pose can be (successfully) planned or whether or with what probability a collision is likely to occur on a path planned for the target pose.
- the or one of the alternative target poses is selected as the target pose candidate for which the machine-learned forecast predicts that a collision-free path can probably be planned (successfully) or that no collision is likely to occur on a planned path or that the probability of this is higher than for one or more of the other alternative target poses, preferably the highest. If two or more of the alternative target poses are rated the same, in a further development one of these target poses is selected randomly or according to other criteria, for example a predetermined prioritization or the like.
- the planning of a path of the robot which is then checked for collisions of the robot, is carried out in the same way during the machine learning of the prediction and the execution of a path planning based on the selected target pose candidate. This can reduce the probability of failed attempts in one embodiment.
- the execution of a path planning comprises, in one embodiment, in particular in a first stage, planning at least one path of the robot and, in particular in a second stage, checking this planned path, in a Further development of the target pose and/or one or more (other) poses of the robot along the path, for collisions of the robot, in particular with itself and/or the environment.
- This planning of a path can in particular include specifying one or more path points, in particular (other) poses of the robot along the path, and in one embodiment connecting these path points, for example by means of interpolation. This allows the path planning to be carried out more quickly in one embodiment.
- a (first) path of the robot is first planned and checked for collisions of the robot and, if a collision is detected, another path of the robot is planned one or more times and checked for collisions of the robot, preferably until a termination criterion, for example a predetermined maximum number of attempts or the like, is met.
- this makes it advantageous to take into account prioritization within the target poses that is not based on predicted collisions. For example, for a first gripping position for which the machine-learned prediction predicted a collision-free path and the execution of a path planning resulted in a first path for which a collision was detected when checking for collisions (yet or contrary to the prediction), one or more other paths can first be planned and also checked for collisions before a different gripping pose is selected as the new target pose candidate instead of this first gripping pose, for example if the first gripping pose can be reached more quickly by the robot or is closer to a storage location or the like.
- the implementation of path planning includes an attempt to plan a path of the robot (ab initio) while avoiding collisions of the robot, in particular with the help of a collision-free path planner.
- the path planner can, for example, start from the target pose and attempt to plan a path in a space determined to be collision-free, in particular to determine such a path, to successively determine collision-free path points on the way to a desired path end, or the like. In one embodiment, this can reduce the probability of failed attempts.
- path planning is carried out on the basis of the environmental data provided; in a further development, the planned path(s) are checked for collisions of the robot on the basis of the environmental data or an attempt is made on the basis of the environmental data to plan a path of the robot (ab initio) while avoiding collisions of the robot, in particular with the help of a collision-free path planner.
- the procedure comprises the following steps, which may be repeated several times in a further training:
- the termination condition may in particular include that no path could be planned while avoiding collisions, in particular within a predetermined time or maximum number of attempts or the like, or that a collision was detected when checking a planned path or that a termination criterion of this path planning, for example a predetermined maximum number of attempts or the like, is met.
- path planning for a target pose candidate fails, in particular if no path could be planned for this while avoiding collisions or if a collision was detected when checking a planned path or several planned paths (each), a new target pose candidate is selected instead and path planning is carried out again on the basis of this new target pose candidate. In one embodiment, this can reduce the probability of failed attempts.
- the alternative target poses include starting poses of the robot, end poses of the robot and/or working poses of the robot, in a further development, receiving poses, in particular gripping poses of the robot and/or release poses of the robot.
- a or the (respective) path of the robot includes the (respective) target pose, in particular the (respective) target pose candidate.
- a planned path can in particular be a path for gripping one of several objects, for gripping an object in one of several gripping positions, a path for moving to one of several storage positions, a path for moving to or away from one or more processing positions or the like.
- the present invention is particularly advantageous for this, in particular due to the kinematics, operating conditions and collision possibilities.
- the environmental data comprises surface points and/or images, in a further development depth images and/or from a predetermined perspective, preferably from a perspective of a camera with which the environment is recorded or with the aid of which the environmental data is generated, and/or an end effector, preferably gripper, of the robot or a perspective shifted relative to this end effector perspective, in particular in the gripping direction.
- Surface points are particularly suitable for machine-learned predictions, while images can advantageously reflect the environment and/or can be processed more directly.
- the robot follows the (successfully) planned path, in particular the (successfully) planned path while avoiding collisions of the robot. the planned path, during the check of which no collision was detected. Accordingly, the present invention relates in one embodiment to a method for (planning and) following a (planned) path with the robot or a corresponding system.
- a method for machine learning a prediction for a collision-free trajectory for the target pose based on environmental data (and a target pose of a robot) comprises the steps:
- the machine-learned forecast can be carried out in particular with the help of at least one artificial neural network or at least one other model or principle of artificial intelligence or machine learning, in particular for classification or regression.
- the environment learning data is, preferably, created using one or more, in particular numerical, simulations, in particular alternative environment learning data is created using simulations of different environments.
- the path planning on the basis of the results of which the forecast is machine-learned, is carried out using one or more, in particular numerical, simulations, in a further development, path planning is carried out using simulations of different environments or on the basis of alternative environment learning data or alternative simulated or virtual environments.
- the same simulated or virtual environments are used as a basis or, for one or more virtual environments, environment learning data is created using a simulation, a path planning is carried out on the basis of this environment learning data and its result is linked to this environment learning data or this result and this environment learning data are used for machine learning of the forecast.
- the prediction for target poses and different virtual environments learns machine-based to predict the success of planning a collision-free trajectory for this target pose in this virtual environment.
- the implementation of path planning includes planning at least one path of the robot and checking this planned path for collisions of the robot or an attempt to plan a path of the robot while avoiding collisions of the robot, can additionally or alternatively also be implemented in the machine learning of the forecast, so that reference is made to the above explanations in this regard.
- the environment learning data additionally or alternatively comprise surface points and/or images, in particular depth images and/or from a predetermined Perspective.
- surface points are first generated, preferably with the aid of at least one simulation, and from these at least one image, in particular a depth image and/or from a predetermined perspective, preferably from a perspective of a camera with which the environment is recorded in one embodiment (for planning the path) or with the aid of which the environment data is generated in one embodiment (for planning the path), and/or an end effector, preferably a gripper, of the robot or a perspective shifted relative to this end effector perspective, in particular in the gripping direction.
- the environmental data and the environmental learning data are of the same type, in particular both comprise surface points or both comprise images, in particular depth images and/or from the same perspective, and/or if the execution of a path planning based on a target pose candidate and the execution of a path planning based on a learning pose are of the same type, in particular both comprise a preferably similar planning of at least one path of the robot and a preferably similar checking of this planned path for collisions of the robot or a preferably similar attempt to plan a path of the robot while avoiding collisions of the robot, since this enables the machine-learned forecast to better predict the conditions when planning the path.
- a system for planning, in a further development for traveling, a path of a robot and/or for machine learning a forecast (based on environmental data and a target pose of the robot) for a collision-free path (for the target pose) of a robot, in particular hardware and/or software, in particular program technology, is set up to carry out a method described here.
- a system comprises:
- Means for performing trajectory planning based on this target pose candidate Means for performing trajectory planning based on this target pose candidate.
- system or its means comprises:
- system or its means comprises:
- a system comprises:
- system or its means comprises:
- the or at least one of the system(s) or its means for carrying out path planning comprises:
- the or at least one of the system(s) or its means for carrying out path planning comprises:
- a system and/or means in the sense of the present invention can be designed in terms of hardware and/or software, in particular at least one, preferably data- or signal-connected, especially digital, processing unit, especially microprocessor unit (CPU), graphics card (GPU) or the like, and/or one or more programs or program modules.
- the processing unit can be designed to process commands that are implemented as a program stored in a storage system, to detect input signals from a data bus and/or to output output signals to a data bus.
- a storage system can have one or more, in particular different, storage media, in particular optical, magnetic, solid-state and/or other non-volatile media.
- the program can be designed in such a way that it embodies or is capable of carrying out the methods described here, so that the processing unit can carry out the steps of such methods and thus in particular plan a path of a robot, in a further development control the robot to travel the path, and/or can machine-learn a prediction (based on environmental data and a target pose of the robot) for a collision-free path (for the target pose) of a robot.
- a computer program product can have, in particular be, a storage medium, in particular a computer-readable and/or non-volatile, for storing a program or instructions or with a program or instructions stored thereon.
- executing this program or these instructions by a system or a controller causes the system or the controller, in particular the computer or computers, to carry out a method described here or one or more of its steps, or the program or instructions are set up for this purpose.
- one or more, in particular all, steps of a method described here are completely or partially computer-implemented or one or more, in particular all, steps of the method are carried out completely or partially automatically, in particular by a system described here or its means.
- a system comprises the robot.
- At least one of the path planning operations mentioned here is carried out with the aid of or by a stochastic path planner(s). In one embodiment, this can improve the machine learning of the forecast and/or the execution of a path planning based on target pose candidates, in particular increase convergence and/or speed.
- Fig. 1 a system for carrying out the method of Fig. 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 a method for machine learning a prediction, planning a path using the machine learned prediction and following the planned path with a robot according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 1 shows a robot 1, a robot controller 2, a camera 3 and an environment indicated by a container 4, from which the robot 1 is to transport objects 5A-5C.
- a step S10 various alternative environment learning data are provided using simulations of various environments, of which two simulated or virtual environments 4', 4" are indicated by dashed or dash-dotted lines in Fig. 1, and one of the simulated or virtual environments or the corresponding environment learning data is selected.
- This environment learning data can, for example, be surface point clouds or image data that are rendered from these and correspond to a depth image of the camera 3.
- alternative learning poses of the robot for gripping objects are specified in step S10, of which three learning poses 1A-1C are indicated in Fig. 1 by dotted gripper poses, and one of these is selected.
- steps S20, S30 a path planning is carried out for the selected learning pose and the selected environmental learning data or simulated or virtual environment based on this selected learning pose and environmental learning data and its result is saved.
- step S20 a path is first planned based on the learning pose, and in step S30, this planned path is checked for collisions of the robot using a simulation based on the environmental learning data, whereby the result of this path planning in step S30 is stored as to whether or not a collision was detected in the planned path.
- step S20 an attempt is made to plan a path of the robot while avoiding collisions of the robot using a simulation based on the environment learning data or in the selected simulated or virtual environment, and in step S30 the result of this path planning is stored as to whether or not a path could be planned while avoiding collisions.
- step S40 it is checked whether path planning has already been carried out for all learning poses. If this is not the case (S40: "N"), in a step S45 one of the learning poses specified in step S10 for which path planning has not yet been carried out is selected and steps S20, S30 are carried out again.
- a step S50 checks whether path planning has been carried out for all simulated or virtual environments or alternative environment learning data for the learning poses. If this is not the case (S50: “N”), a simulated or virtual environment or the corresponding environment learning data for which no path planning has yet been carried out is selected in a step S55 and steps S20, S30 are carried out again. After processing all the environmental learning data (S50: “Y”), a prediction is machine-learned in a step S60 based on the learning poses, environmental learning data and results of the path planning. Of course, this can also be done while repeating steps S20-S50.
- alternative target poses of the robot and environmental data that specify a geometry of an environment of the robot are provided in a step S100.
- the camera 3 can capture the real environment 4 and generate the environmental data from it and possible target poses for gripping the various objects 5A-5C can be specified.
- a step S110 the alternative target poses are evaluated using the machine-learned prediction and, on the basis of this evaluation, the one or more target poses is selected as the target pose candidate for which the machine-learned prediction predicts successful planning of a path without collisions or the highest probability of successful planning of a path without collisions.
- steps S120, S130 path planning is then carried out analogously to steps S20, S30 described above, wherein the path planning is carried out on the basis of this target pose candidate instead of a learning pose and on the basis of the environmental data instead of the environmental learning data.
- step S120 a path is first planned based on the target pose candidate, and this planned path is checked for collisions of the robot in step S130 based on the environmental data.
- step S120 an attempt is made to plan a path of the robot based on the environmental data while avoiding collisions of the robot, and step S130 in Fig. 2 is omitted or step S140 follows step S120.
- step S140 it is checked whether the path planning was successful. If this is the case (S140: “Y”), the planned path is followed with robot 1 in step S145 and the process is terminated. Step S145 can also be omitted or (only) include saving the planned path for further, particularly later, use.
- the target pose or a target pose is selected as the new target pose candidate based on the evaluation for which the machine-learned forecast (also) predicts successful planning of a path without collisions or the highest probability of successful planning of a path without collisions among the remaining target poses for which steps S120-S140 have not yet been carried out.
- steps S120-S140 are performed again.
- Fig. 1 clearly illustrates a basic idea of the present invention: based on the simulated or virtual environments 4', 4" or the corresponding alternative environment learning data, a prediction is machine-learned which predicts for edge positions that successful path planning is not possible or less likely. Accordingly, when planning the path for the detected environment 4, the pose for grasping the object 5B is evaluated as the most promising candidate and the path planning is carried out for this.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023203751.3A DE102023203751A1 (de) | 2023-04-24 | 2023-04-24 | Kollisionsfreie Roboterbahnen |
| PCT/EP2024/055095 WO2024223110A1 (de) | 2023-04-24 | 2024-02-28 | Kollisionsfreie roboterbahnen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4655140A1 true EP4655140A1 (de) | 2025-12-03 |
Family
ID=90105007
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24708422.1A Pending EP4655140A1 (de) | 2023-04-24 | 2024-02-28 | Kollisionsfreie roboterbahnen |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4655140A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN121001854A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023203751A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024223110A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5778311B1 (ja) * | 2014-05-08 | 2015-09-16 | 東芝機械株式会社 | ピッキング装置およびピッキング方法 |
| JP6807949B2 (ja) * | 2016-11-16 | 2021-01-06 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 干渉回避装置 |
| DE102017002354B4 (de) * | 2017-03-10 | 2022-04-07 | Swisslog Ag | Transportieren von Objekten, insbesondere Kommissionieren von Waren, mithilfe eines Roboters |
| DE102018205669B4 (de) * | 2018-04-13 | 2021-12-23 | Kuka Deutschland Gmbh | Aufnehmen von Nutzlasten mittels eines robotergeführten Werkzeugs |
| JP7375587B2 (ja) * | 2020-02-05 | 2023-11-08 | 株式会社デンソー | 軌道生成装置、多リンクシステム、及び軌道生成方法 |
| EP4088883A1 (de) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-11-16 | Siemens Industry Software Ltd. | Verfahren und system zur vorhersage einer kollisionsfreien haltung eines kinematischen systems |
| US12017355B2 (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2024-06-25 | Fanuc Corporation | Grasp learning using modularized neural networks |
| US11919161B2 (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2024-03-05 | Fanuc Corporation | Grasp generation for machine tending |
-
2023
- 2023-04-24 DE DE102023203751.3A patent/DE102023203751A1/de active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-02-28 CN CN202480027802.3A patent/CN121001854A/zh active Pending
- 2024-02-28 WO PCT/EP2024/055095 patent/WO2024223110A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-02-28 EP EP24708422.1A patent/EP4655140A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102023203751A1 (de) | 2024-10-24 |
| CN121001854A (zh) | 2025-11-21 |
| WO2024223110A1 (de) | 2024-10-31 |
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