EP4641069A1 - Device for cooling a gas - Google Patents
Device for cooling a gasInfo
- Publication number
- EP4641069A1 EP4641069A1 EP24020128.5A EP24020128A EP4641069A1 EP 4641069 A1 EP4641069 A1 EP 4641069A1 EP 24020128 A EP24020128 A EP 24020128A EP 4641069 A1 EP4641069 A1 EP 4641069A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- cooling
- piston chamber
- gas
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0338—Pressure regulators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
- F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
- F17C2227/0344—Air cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0397—Localisation of heat exchange characterised by fins
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
- F17C2227/047—Methods for emptying or filling by repeating a process cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/03—Control means
- F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0626—Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
- F17C2260/023—Avoiding overheating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
- F17C2260/046—Enhancing energy recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
- F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refuelling vehicle fuel tanks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
- F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for cooling a gas and a hydrogen filling station with such a device.
- Hydrogen refueling stations for the gaseous refueling of hydrogen-powered vehicles are based on the principle of pressure equalization between the source storage, i.e., the (pressure) storage tank(s) of the hydrogen refueling station, and the sink storage, i.e., the vehicle's fuel tank being filled.
- the source storage is usually cascaded to ensure a sufficiently rapid hydrogen flow as the sink pressure increases, thus complying with the respective refueling standard (e.g., SAE J2601, CEP, JPEC, or similar). Due to these refueling standards, the pressure ramps must be controlled accordingly.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a device for cooling a gas and a hydrogen filling station with such a device, which requires less equipment and process engineering effort for pre-cooling the hydrogen to be transferred, or in the best case makes this pre-cooling obsolete.
- a hydrogen filling station which has at least one device according to the invention.
- the functioning of the device according to the invention for cooling a gas, preferably hydrogen, is based on the principle of so-called isentropic expansion, in which work is taken away from the gas in order to cool it down.
- the device according to the invention for cooling a gas, in particular hydrogen as well as further advantageous embodiments of this device are described below.
- the hydrogen preferably originating from a pressure storage tank of a hydrogen filling station (not shown in the figure), flows intermittently into the first end 9 of the piston chamber 2 via line 1, in which an inlet valve a is arranged.
- a discharge line 10, having an outlet valve b, is also associated with this first end 9 of the piston chamber 2. Due to the pressure increase in the piston chamber 2, the hydrogen flowing in during an opening stroke of the inlet valve 1 displaces the liquid piston 3 located therein.
- This piston is preferably formed by an ionic liquid and/or a liquid with a solubility for gaseous hydrogen of 0.0003 to 0.0005 g of hydrogen per g of liquid at a hydrogen partial pressure of 256 bar.
- a piston 4 is arranged in the second and preferably opposite end of the piston chamber 2.
- This piston is displaced by the liquid column 3.
- the piston 4 performs mechanical work against a damper system.
- This damping system is preferably designed as a spring-damper system, an electromechanical damping system, or a gas storage damping system.
- the figure shows a spring-damper system consisting of a spring 5 and a hydraulic damper 6.
- a control unit 8 is provided, which is operatively connected to the damping system and dynamically controls the pressure to be applied to the piston 4 by means of the damping system.
- valve a When valve a is closed and valve b is opened simultaneously, piston 4 is moved downwards by the spring-damper system 5/6. This causes the liquid column 3 to push the gas volume 9 through the discharge line 10 into the vehicle tank (not shown in the figure). The gas transported in this way is thus The process is cooler than at the beginning.
- the pressure ramp required to transfer the gas into the vehicle tank according to a common refueling standard, such as SAE J2601, is intermittently controlled by the dynamically changing counterforce applied to the piston 4 by the (spring) damper system.
- This dynamic control is achieved via a control unit 8, preferably hydraulic, which dynamically adjusts or varies the pressure of the damper 6.
- the heat generated during this damping process is dissipated from the piston chamber 2 and/or the damper system by suitable means. As shown in the figure, the heat can be released to the atmosphere, in particular via cooling fins 7.
- the cooled gas flowing through the discharge line 10 can also be used to supply cooling to, in particular, a further cooling circuit not shown in the figure.
- the pressure fluctuations occurring during the transfer of the gas or hydrogen into the vehicle tank due to the intermittent control can be buffered using conventional storage cylinders.
- the gas drawn off through the discharge line 10 is mixed with at least one other gas stream to achieve the required or desired refueling conditions.
- the liquid piston 3 is formed by an ionic liquid and/or a liquid with a solubility for gaseous hydrogen of 0.0003 to 0.0005 g of hydrogen per g of liquid at a hydrogen partial pressure of 256 bar.
- means can be provided that generate a magnetic field in the region of the piston chamber 2. This allows the liquid piston 3, or the liquid used, to be stabilized so that little to no aerosols of this liquid enter the gas or gas mixture.
- a separation device can be provided.
- the device according to the invention for cooling a gas can be operated with any gases and gas mixtures.
- the previously required pressure ramp regulator can be completely or at least partially replaced.
- a chiller for cooling the hydrogen to be dispensed can be partially or completely dispensed with.
- the invention enables a significant saving in cooling capacity in the range of 50 to 100%, depending on the refueling protocol, while simultaneously offering a cost-effective and wear-resistant design compared to other expansion machines.
- the hydraulic control of the required gas-side pressure ramps can be achieved by sealing with an ionic liquid or a similar fluid, which improves the sealing performance, including in terms of long-term resistance. Furthermore, in a configuration with an electromechanical brake, electrical energy can be generated.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Es werden eine Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen eines Gases sowie eine Wasserstofftankstelle, die wenigstens eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung aufweist, beschrieben. Die Vorrichtung zum weist folgendes auf: einen Kolbenraum (2); einen in dem Kolbenraum (2) angeordneten Flüssigkeitskolben (3); eine dem ersten Ende (9) des Kolbenraums (2) zugeordnete, ein Einlassventil (b) aufweisende Zuführleitung (1); eine dem ersten Ende (9) des Kolbenraums (2) zugeordnete, ein Auslassventil (b) aufweisende Abführleitung (10); ein dem zweiten Ende des Kolbenraums (2) zugeordneter Kolben (4); ein dem Kolben (4) zugeordnetes Dämpfersystem; eine Steuereinheit (8), die mit dem Dämpfersystem in Wirkverbindung steht und den auf den Kolben (4) aufzubringenden Druck dynamisch regelt; und Mittel zum Abführen von Wärme aus dem Kolbenraum (2) und/oder Dämpfersystem.A device for cooling a gas and a hydrogen filling station, comprising at least one device according to the invention, are described. The device comprises the following: a piston chamber (2); a liquid piston (3) arranged in the piston chamber (2); a supply line (1) associated with the first end (9) of the piston chamber (2) and having an inlet valve (b); a discharge line (10) associated with the first end (9) of the piston chamber (2) and having an outlet valve (b); a piston (4) associated with the second end of the piston chamber (2); a damping system associated with the piston (4); a control unit (8) that is operatively connected to the damping system and dynamically regulates the pressure to be applied to the piston (4); and means for dissipating heat from the piston chamber (2) and/or damping system.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen eines Gases sowie eine Wasserstofftankstelle mit einer derartigen Vorrichtung.The invention relates to a device for cooling a gas and a hydrogen filling station with such a device.
Wasserstofftankstellen (Hydrogen Refueling Stations, HRS) zur gasförmigen Betankung von mit Wasserstoff betriebenen Fahrzeugen beruhen auf dem Prinzip des Druckausgleichs zwischen dem Quellenspeicher, also dem oder den (Druck)Speicherbehälter der Wasserstofftankstelle, und dem Senkenspeicher, sprich dem zu befüllenden Fahrzeugtank. Der Quellenspeicher ist meistens kaskadiert ausgeführt, um bei steigendem Senkendruck ein ausreichend schnelles Überströmen des Wasserstoffs zu gewährleisten, sodass die jeweilige Betankungsnorm (bspw. SAE J2601, CEP, JPEC oder dergleichen) eingehalten werden kann. Aufgrund der Betankungsnormen müssen die Druckrampen entsprechend gesteuert werden können. Um dies zu ermöglichen, ist, gemäß des Standes der Technik, der Einsatz eines sog. Druckrampenreglers erforderlich, der üblicherweise als pneumatisch oder magnetisch angesteuertes Proportionalventil ausgeführt ist. Die bei der Expansion anfallende Wärme im Wasserstoff wird in den meisten Fällen mittels einer Kompressionskältemaschine weggekühlt bzw. abgeführt, woraus erhöhte Kosten bei verringerter Energieeffizienz resultieren.Hydrogen refueling stations (HRS) for the gaseous refueling of hydrogen-powered vehicles are based on the principle of pressure equalization between the source storage, i.e., the (pressure) storage tank(s) of the hydrogen refueling station, and the sink storage, i.e., the vehicle's fuel tank being filled. The source storage is usually cascaded to ensure a sufficiently rapid hydrogen flow as the sink pressure increases, thus complying with the respective refueling standard (e.g., SAE J2601, CEP, JPEC, or similar). Due to these refueling standards, the pressure ramps must be controlled accordingly. To enable this, the state of the art requires the use of a so-called pressure ramp regulator, which is typically a pneumatically or magnetically actuated proportional valve. The heat generated during the expansion of the hydrogen is in most cases cooled away or removed using a compression chiller, resulting in increased costs and reduced energy efficiency.
Die am Proportionalventil bzw. Druckrampenregler vorliegende Expansion ist vergleichsweise stark isenthalp, weswegen ein hoher Anteil an Wärme bei der Betankung frei wird. Fahrzeugtanks sind in der Regel für eine maximal erlaubte Gastemperatur von 85 °C zugelassen. Ohne eine Vorkühlung sind diese Temperaturen unter Berücksichtigung der gängigen Betankungsnormen nicht realisierbar, weswegen im Regelfall eine zusätzliche Kältemaschine erforderlich ist. Dadurch steigt jedoch der elektrische Energieverbrauch der Wasserstofftankstelle, was negative Auswirkungen auf deren ökologischen Fußabdruck sowie deren Installations- und Betriebskosten hat.The expansion occurring at the proportional valve or pressure ramp regulator is comparatively strongly isenthalpic, which is why a significant amount of heat is released during refueling. Vehicle tanks are generally approved for a maximum permissible gas temperature of 85 °C. Without pre-cooling, these temperatures are not achievable under current refueling standards, which is why an additional chiller is usually required. This, however, increases the electrical energy consumption of the hydrogen refueling station, negatively impacting its environmental footprint as well as its installation and operating costs.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen eines Gases sowie eine Wasserstofftankstelle mit einer derartigen Vorrichtung anzugeben, die einen geringeren apparativen und verfahrenstechnischen Aufwand für das Vorkühlen des zu überführenden Wasserstoffs erfordert, im besten Falle dieses Vorkühlen obsolet macht.The object of the present invention is to provide a device for cooling a gas and a hydrogen filling station with such a device, which requires less equipment and process engineering effort for pre-cooling the hydrogen to be transferred, or in the best case makes this pre-cooling obsolete.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen eines Gases vorgeschlagen, aufweisend
- einen Kolbenraum,
- einen in dem Kolbenraum angeordneten Flüssigkeitskolben,
- eine dem ersten Ende des Kolbenraums zugeordnete, ein Einlassventil aufweisende Zuführleitung,
- eine dem ersten Ende des Kolbenraums zugeordnete, ein Auslassventil aufweisende Abführleitung,
- ein dem zweiten Ende des Kolbenraums zugeordneter Kolben,
- ein dem Kolben zugeordnetes Dämpfersystem,
- eine Steuereinheit, die mit dem Dämpfersystem in Wirkverbindung steht und den auf den Kolben aufzubringenden Druck dynamisch regelt, und
- Mittel zum Abführen von Wärme aus dem Kolbenraum und/oder Dämpfersystem.
- a piston chamber
- a liquid piston arranged in the piston chamber,
- a supply line assigned to the first end of the piston chamber and having an inlet valve,
- a discharge line associated with the first end of the piston chamber and having an exhaust valve,
- a piston assigned to the second end of the piston chamber,
- a damping system associated with the piston,
- a control unit that is operatively connected to the damping system and dynamically regulates the pressure to be applied to the piston, and
- Means for dissipating heat from the piston chamber and/or damper system.
Vorgeschlagen wird ferner eine Wasserstofftankstelle, die wenigstens eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung aufweist.Furthermore, a hydrogen filling station is proposed which has at least one device according to the invention.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen eines Gases sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
- der Flüssigkeitskolben durch eine ionische Flüssigkeit und/oder eine Flüssigkeit mit einer Löslichkeit für gasförmigen Wasserstoff von 0,0003 bis 0,0005 g Wasserstoff je g Flüssigkeit bei einem Wasserstoffpartialdruck von 256 bar gebildet ist,
- das Dämpfersystem als ein Feder-Dämpfersystem, ein elektromechanisches Dämpfersystem oder ein Gasspeicher- Dämpfersystem ausgebildet ist,
- die Steuereinheit als hydraulische Steuereinheit ausgebildet ist, und/oder
- im Bereich des Kolbenraums ein Magnetfeld erzeugbar ist.
- the liquid piston is formed by an ionic liquid and/or a liquid with a solubility for gaseous hydrogen of 0.0003 to 0.0005 g of hydrogen per g of liquid at a hydrogen partial pressure of 256 bar,
- the damping system is designed as a spring-damper system, an electromechanical damping system or a gas storage damping system,
- the control unit is designed as a hydraulic control unit, and/or
- A magnetic field can be generated in the area of the piston chamber.
Die Funktionsweise der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen eines Gases, vorzugsweise von Wasserstoff, beruht auf dem Prinzip der sog. isentropen Expansion, bei der dem Gas Arbeit entzogen wird, um es dadurch abzukühlen.The functioning of the device according to the invention for cooling a gas, preferably hydrogen, is based on the principle of so-called isentropic expansion, in which work is taken away from the gas in order to cool it down.
Anhand des in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels seien die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen eines Gases, insbesondere von Wasserstoff, sowie weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen dieser Vorrichtung nachfolgend beschrieben.Based on the embodiment shown in the figure , the device according to the invention for cooling a gas, in particular hydrogen, as well as further advantageous embodiments of this device are described below.
Der vorzugsweise aus einerm in der Figur nicht dargestellten Druckspeicherbehälter einer Wasserstofftankstelle stammende Wasserstoff strömt über Leitung 1, in der ein Einlassventil a angeordnet ist, intermittierend in das erste Ende 9 des Kolbenraumes 2 ein. Diesem ersten Ende 9 des Kolbenraumes 2 ist ferner eine, ein Auslassventil b aufweisende Abführleitung 10 zugeordnet. Der während eines Öffnungstaktes des Einlassventils 1 einströmende Wasserstoff verdrängt aufgrund der Druckerhöhung im Kolbenraum 2 den darin befindlichen Flüssigkeitskolben 3. Dieser wird vorzugsweise durch eine ionische Flüssigkeit und/oder eine Flüssigkeit mit einer Löslichkeit für gasförmigen Wasserstoff von 0,0003 bis 0,0005 g Wasserstoff je g Flüssigkeit bei einem Wasserstoffpartialdruck von 256 bar gebildet. In dem zweiten und vorzugsweise entgegengesetzten Ende des Kolbenraums 2 ist ein Kolben 4 angeordnet. Dieser wird durch die Flüssigkeitssäule 3 verdrängt. Der Kolben 4 wiederum verrichtet dabei gegen ein Dämpfersystem mechanische Arbeit. Dieses Dämpfersystem ist vorzugsweise als ein Feder-Dämpfersystem, ein elektromechanisches Dämpfersystem oder ein Gasspeicher-Dämpfersystem ausgebildet. In der Figur ist ein Feder-Dämpfersystem dargestellt, bestehend aus einer Feder 5 und einem hydraulischen Dämpfer 6. Ferner ist eine Steuereinheit 8 vorgesehen, die mit dem Dämpfersystem in Wirkverbindung steht und den mittels des Dämpfersystems auf den Kolben 4 aufzubringenden Druck dynamisch regelt.The hydrogen, preferably originating from a pressure storage tank of a hydrogen filling station (not shown in the figure), flows intermittently into the first end 9 of the piston chamber 2 via line 1, in which an inlet valve a is arranged. A discharge line 10, having an outlet valve b, is also associated with this first end 9 of the piston chamber 2. Due to the pressure increase in the piston chamber 2, the hydrogen flowing in during an opening stroke of the inlet valve 1 displaces the liquid piston 3 located therein. This piston is preferably formed by an ionic liquid and/or a liquid with a solubility for gaseous hydrogen of 0.0003 to 0.0005 g of hydrogen per g of liquid at a hydrogen partial pressure of 256 bar. A piston 4 is arranged in the second and preferably opposite end of the piston chamber 2. This piston is displaced by the liquid column 3. The piston 4, in turn, performs mechanical work against a damper system. This damping system is preferably designed as a spring-damper system, an electromechanical damping system, or a gas storage damping system. The figure shows a spring-damper system consisting of a spring 5 and a hydraulic damper 6. Furthermore, a control unit 8 is provided, which is operatively connected to the damping system and dynamically controls the pressure to be applied to the piston 4 by means of the damping system.
Werden das Ventil a geschlossen und gleichzeitig das Ventil b geöffnet, wird der Kolben 4 durch das Feder-Dämpfersystem 5/6 nach unten verschoben. Dadurch schiebt die Flüssigkeitssäule 3 das Gasvolumen 9 über die Abführleitung 10 in den in der Figur nicht dargestellten Fahrzeugtank. Das dabei beförderte Gas ist dadurch kühler als zu Beginn des Prozesses. Die Druckrampe, welche erforderlich ist um das Gas gemäß einer gängigen Betankungsnorm wie z.B. SAE J2601 in den Fahrzeugtank zu überführen, wird intermittierend über die durch das (Feder-)Dämpfersystem auf den Kolben 4 aufgebrachte, sich dynamisch verändernde Gegenkraft gesteuert. Diese dynamische Steuerung erfolgt über eine Steuereinheit 8, die vorzugsweise hydraulisch ausgebildet ist, die den Druck des Dämpfers 6 dynamisch einstellt bzw. variiert. Die bei diesem Dämpfungsprozess anfallende Wärme wird durch geeignete Mittel zum Abführen von Wärme aus dem Kolbenraum 2 und/oder dem Dämpfersystem abgeführt. Wie in der Figur dargestellt, kann die Wärme insbesondere über Kühlrippen 7 nach außen hin an die Atmosphäre abgegeben werden.When valve a is closed and valve b is opened simultaneously, piston 4 is moved downwards by the spring-damper system 5/6. This causes the liquid column 3 to push the gas volume 9 through the discharge line 10 into the vehicle tank (not shown in the figure). The gas transported in this way is thus The process is cooler than at the beginning. The pressure ramp required to transfer the gas into the vehicle tank according to a common refueling standard, such as SAE J2601, is intermittently controlled by the dynamically changing counterforce applied to the piston 4 by the (spring) damper system. This dynamic control is achieved via a control unit 8, preferably hydraulic, which dynamically adjusts or varies the pressure of the damper 6. The heat generated during this damping process is dissipated from the piston chamber 2 and/or the damper system by suitable means. As shown in the figure, the heat can be released to the atmosphere, in particular via cooling fins 7.
Das über die Abführleitung 10 strömende abgekühlte Gas kann gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung auch dazu verwendet werden, um insbesondere einen weiteren, in der Figur nicht dargestellten Kühlkreislauf mit Kälte zu versorgen. Die durch das intermittierende Regeln auftretenden Druckschwankungen bei der Überführung des Gases bzw. Wasserstoffs in den Fahrzeugtank können mit herkömmlichen Speicherflaschen abgepuffert werden. Entsprechend einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird das über die Abführleitung 10 abgezogene Gas mit wenigstens einem weiteren Gasstrom gemischt um die erforderlichen bzw. gewünschten Betankungsbedingungen zu erreichen.According to an advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the cooled gas flowing through the discharge line 10 can also be used to supply cooling to, in particular, a further cooling circuit not shown in the figure. The pressure fluctuations occurring during the transfer of the gas or hydrogen into the vehicle tank due to the intermittent control can be buffered using conventional storage cylinders. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the gas drawn off through the discharge line 10 is mixed with at least one other gas stream to achieve the required or desired refueling conditions.
Wie bereits erwähnt, wird der Flüssigkeitskolben 3 durch eine ionische Flüssigkeit und/oder ein eine Flüssigkeit mit einer Löslichkeit für gasförmigen Wasserstoff von 0,0003 bis 0,0005 g Wasserstoff je g Flüssigkeit bei einem Wasserstoffpartialdruck von 256 bar gebildet. Entsprechend einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung können Mittel vorgesehen werden, die im Bereich des Kolbenraums 2 ein Magnetfeld erzeugen. Dadurch kann der Flüssigkeitskolben 3 bzw. die verwendete Flüssigkeit so beruhigt werden, dass wenig bis keine Aerosole dieser Flüssigkeit in das Gas oder Gasgemisch gelangen. Ergänzend zu einem derartigen Magnetfeld oder alternativ kann eine Abscheidevorrichtung vorgesehen werden.As already mentioned, the liquid piston 3 is formed by an ionic liquid and/or a liquid with a solubility for gaseous hydrogen of 0.0003 to 0.0005 g of hydrogen per g of liquid at a hydrogen partial pressure of 256 bar. According to an advantageous embodiment, means can be provided that generate a magnetic field in the region of the piston chamber 2. This allows the liquid piston 3, or the liquid used, to be stabilized so that little to no aerosols of this liquid enter the gas or gas mixture. In addition to or alternatively from such a magnetic field, a separation device can be provided.
Es sei betont, dass die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen eines Gases mit beliebigen Gasen und Gasgemischen betrieben werden kann.It should be emphasized that the device according to the invention for cooling a gas can be operated with any gases and gas mixtures.
Mittels der Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen eines Gases in einer Wasserstofftankstelle kann der bisher erforderliche Druckrampenregler vollständig oder zumindest teilweise ersetzt werden. Des Weiteren kann auf eine Kältemaschine zur Kühlung des zu vertankenden Wasserstoffs teilweise oder vollständig verzichtet werden. Die Erfindung ermöglicht eine erhebliche Einsparung von Kälteleistung im Bereich zwischen 50 und 100 %, je nach Betankungsprotokoll bei gleichzeitig kostengünstigem und verschleißfestem Aufbau im Vergleich zu anderen Expansionsmaschinen.By using the device according to the invention for cooling a gas in a hydrogen filling station, the previously required pressure ramp regulator can be completely or at least partially replaced. Furthermore, a chiller for cooling the hydrogen to be dispensed can be partially or completely dispensed with. The invention enables a significant saving in cooling capacity in the range of 50 to 100%, depending on the refueling protocol, while simultaneously offering a cost-effective and wear-resistant design compared to other expansion machines.
Die hydraulische Steuerung der gasseitig erforderlichen Druckrampen kann durch die Abdichtung mit ionischer Flüssigkeit oder einem ähnlichen Fluid dargestellt werden, was das Abdichtverhalten verbessert, auch im Bereich der Zeitstandsfestigkeit. In der Ausgestaltung mit einer elektromechanischen Bremse kann zudem elektrische Energie gewonnen werden.The hydraulic control of the required gas-side pressure ramps can be achieved by sealing with an ionic liquid or a similar fluid, which improves the sealing performance, including in terms of long-term resistance. Furthermore, in a configuration with an electromechanical brake, electrical energy can be generated.
Claims (6)
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| EP24020128.5A EP4641069A1 (en) | 2024-04-24 | 2024-04-24 | Device for cooling a gas |
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| EP24020128.5A EP4641069A1 (en) | 2024-04-24 | 2024-04-24 | Device for cooling a gas |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20230132083A1 (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2023-04-27 | Nanosun IP Limited | Apparatus and method for transfering and cooling a compressed fuel gas |
| EP4339505A1 (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2024-03-20 | Linde GmbH | Method for filling a container with hydrogen, corresponding device and hydrogen filling station |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20230132083A1 (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2023-04-27 | Nanosun IP Limited | Apparatus and method for transfering and cooling a compressed fuel gas |
| EP4339505A1 (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2024-03-20 | Linde GmbH | Method for filling a container with hydrogen, corresponding device and hydrogen filling station |
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