Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
  • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
  • H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
  • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
  • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
  • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
  • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
  • B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
  • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
  • B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
  • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
  • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
  • B60K6/32—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the fuel cells
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
  • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
  • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
  • B60K6/34—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the absence of energy storing means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
  • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
  • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
  • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
  • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
  • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
  • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
  • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
  • H01M8/04343—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode exhausts
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
  • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
  • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
  • H01M8/0435—Temperature; Ambient temperature of cathode exhausts
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
  • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2251/00—Reactants
  • B01D2251/20—Reductants
  • B01D2251/202—Hydrogen
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
  • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
  • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
  • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
  • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
  • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
  • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
  • F01N2590/11—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for hybrid vehicles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
  • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
  • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
  • F01N2900/1404—Exhaust gas temperature
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
  • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
  • H01M2250/407—Combination of fuel cells with mechanical energy generators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
  • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
  • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
  • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants

Definitions

• TITLE SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANAGING GAS AND THERMAL FLOWS LEAVING A FUEL CELL TO POWER A HYDROGEN THERMAL ENGINE OR ITS POST-TREATMENT DEVICE
• the present invention relates to the use of a fuel cell integrated into the traction chain of a hydrogen thermal vehicle.
• the present invention aims to propose a system and a method which make it possible to manage the gaseous and thermal flows leaving the fuel cell to power the heat engine, and/or its post-treatment device.
• Vehicle traction systems which comprise a single hydrogen tank which can supply on the one hand a fuel cell which in turn supplies electrical energy to a first electric motor, and on the other hand a second thermal engine of ' hydrogen, so that both engines can move the vehicle forward.
• the vehicle operates either on the hydrogen thermal engine, particularly in cases of long journey times and high power requirements, or on the electric motor via the fuel cell, particularly in cases of short journeys or when required. low powers, or by using both engines at the same time.
• the internal combustion of hydrogen generates gases and polluting particles at the outlet of the thermal engine, which must be treated before their emission into the atmosphere, the vehicles are equipped with a post-treatment device for these pollutants to meet the regulations in force, such as the European regulations known as “Euroôd full” or “EuroVI”.
• This post-treatment device generally contains one or more catalysts as well as one or more particle filters.
• Catalyzed elements have a variable operating temperature window.
• the cold trapping catalyst “PNA” (for the anglicism “Passive NOx Adsorber”) can store nitrogen oxides from the lower temperatures, that is to say between one hundred and two hundred degrees Celsius, and releases nitrogen oxides beyond this temperature.
• a second nitrogen oxide treatment system in series such as the “LNT” (for the English “Lean NOx Trap”) or the SCR (for the English “Selective Catalyzed Reductor”), makes it possible to treat the emissions of nitrogen oxides released when the gas temperature reaches two hundred degrees Celsius and beyond: the nitrogen oxides are reduced to non-polluting gas emitted in the exhaust, in particular nitrogen.
• LNT for the English “Lean NOx Trap”
• SCR for the English “Selective Catalyzed Reductor”
• a particular problem of the invention therefore concerns the optimization of the heat flows generated by the two systems and the use of hydrogen and compressed air, by using the gases leaving the fuel cell to directly supply the hydrogen thermal engine and/or activate its depollution systems.
• the invention aims to overcome at least some of the aforementioned drawbacks and to propose a system capable of combining performance advantages in terms of services, energy efficiency, simplicity and reliability for its implementation.
• the invention aims to provide a gas management system in a hydrogen hybrid vehicle, comprising an electric motor and a hydrogen internal combustion engine, a fuel cell supplying energy electric the electric motor, a hydrogen tank supplying hydrogen to the battery and the thermal engine, a post-treatment device adapted for the treatment of the exhaust gases leaving the engine thermal, characterized in that it comprises gas flow management means capable of selectively bringing gas flows from the fuel cell to the post-treatment device and/or to the internal combustion engine, and/or from the hydrogen tank to the fuel cell and/or to the internal combustion engine, and an electronic controller configured to be able to control the gas flow management means as a function of the temperature of a first and/or or a second gas flow emitted at the outlet of the fuel cell.
• the first gas flow emitted at the outlet of the fuel cell contains hydrogen and the system further comprises a sensor of the temperature of this first flow
• the gas flow management means comprise a first valve adapted to bring a flow of hydrogen from the hydrogen tank to the fuel cell and/or to the internal combustion engine, and a second valve adapted to bring the first flow containing hydrogen from the fuel cell to the heat engine and/or to the post-treatment device
• the electronic controller is configured to control the opening and closing of the first and/or second valves as a function of the temperature of the first gas flow.
• the post-treatment device further comprising a catalyst capable of treating nitrogen oxides from the internal combustion engine
• the system further comprises a sensor of a concentration of nitrogen oxides in the catalyst
• the electronic controller is configured to control the opening and closing of the first and/or second valves as a function of the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the catalyst.
• the invention also relates to a method for implementing the system defined above, comprising the following steps:
• a first step during which the temperature of the first gas flow emitted at the outlet of the fuel cell is compared to a first threshold value, in the event of exceeding the first threshold value during the first step, a second step during which a nitrogen oxide concentration measured in the catalyst is compared to a second threshold value, in the event of exceeding said second threshold value during the second step, a third step during which the computer controls the second valve to bring the flow containing hydrogen from the fuel cell to the catalyst,
• a fourth step following the third step during which the hydrogen brought into the catalyst during the third step is used as a reagent in a reduction reaction with the nitrogen oxide present in the catalyst until the lowering the concentration of nitrogen oxide in the catalyst below the second threshold value, in the absence of exceeding the first threshold value during the first step, a fifth step during which the computer controls the second valve to bring the first gas flow containing hydrogen from the fuel cell to the heat engine.
• the second gas flow emitted at the outlet of the fuel cell contains oxygen
• the system further comprises a sensor of the temperature of this second gas flow
• the gas flow management means comprise a third valve adapted to bring the second gas flow containing oxygen from the fuel cell to the particle filter, and a fourth valve adapted to bring the second gas flow containing oxygen from the fuel cell to the engine internal combustion, the electronic controller being able to control the opening and closing of the third and/or fourth valves as a function of the temperature of the second gas flow
• the post-treatment device comprising a particle filter capable of trapping nitrogen oxides from the heat engine
• the system further comprises an oxygen richness sensor of the second gas flow
• the controller electronic is configured to control the opening and closing of the third and/or fourth valves as a function of the oxygen concentration of the second gas flow
• the invention also relates to a method for implementing the system comprising the following steps: the first step during which the temperature of the second gas flow emitted at the outlet of the fuel cell is further compared to a third threshold value, in case of exceeding the third threshold value during the first step, a sixth step during which the oxygen concentration of the second gas flow leaving the fuel cell at a fourth threshold value, in the absence of exceeding said fourth threshold value during the sixth step, a seventh step during which the computer controls the third valve to bring the second flow gas containing oxygen from the fuel cell to the particle filter,
• an eighth step directly following the seventh step during which the oxygen brought into the particle filter during the seventh step is used as a reagent for an oxidation reaction with the nitrogen oxide present in the particle filter particle until the concentration of nitrogen oxide in the particle filter falls below the fourth threshold value, in the event of said fourth threshold value being exceeded by said oxygen concentration during the sixth step, a ninth step during which the computer controls the fourth valve to bring the second gas flow containing oxygen from the fuel cell to the heat engine.
• both the temperature of the first gas flow containing hydrogen emitted at the outlet of the fuel cell is compared to the first threshold value and the temperature of the second gas flow containing oxygen. emitted at the output of the fuel cell at the third threshold value, the first step continuing on the one hand by the second step in the event of exceeding the first threshold value and on the other hand by the sixth step in the event of exceeding the third threshold value.
• the invention also relates to a vehicle comprising the preceding system for implementing the method as defined above.
• FIG 1 schematically represents the architecture of a gas management system according to the invention.
• FIG 2 represents the steps of the process implemented by the system. detailed description
• Figure 1 illustrates the system according to the invention, which aims to provide a gas management system 1 in a hydrogen hybrid vehicle.
• the system 1 comprises an electric motor 2 and a hydrogen internal combustion engine 3, a fuel cell 4 which supplies electrical energy to the motor 2, a hydrogen tank 5 which supplies hydrogen to the cell 4 and the motor thermal 3, and a post-treatment device 6 adapted for the treatment of the exhaust gases leaving the thermal engine 3.
• System 1 includes gas flow management means 16, 17, 18, 19.
• the management means 16, 17, 18, 19 are capable of selectively bringing gas flows from the fuel cell 4 to the post-treatment device 6 and/or to the heat engine 3, and/or from the tank of hydrogen 5 to the fuel cell 4 and/or to the heat engine 3.
• the system further comprises an electronic controller 15 configured to be able to control the management means 16, 17, 18, 19 as a function of the temperature of a first and/or a second gas flow emitted at the outlet of the fuel cell. 4.
• the hot gas is emitted from the fuel cell at a temperature greater than or equal to substantially one hundred and sixty degrees Celsius.
• the first gas flow emitted at the outlet of the fuel cell 4 contains, for example, hydrogen.
• system 1 may also include a temperature sensor of this first gas flow.
• System 1 can also include a catalyst 7 capable of treating nitrogen oxides from the heat engine 3.
• the catalyst 7 is coupled to the post-treatment device 6, and it is for example of the “PNA” or “LNT” type.
• the gas flow management means 16, 17, 18, 19 then further comprise a first valve 16 adapted to be able to bring the flow of hydrogen from the hydrogen tank 5 to the fuel cell 4 and/or up to 'to the heat engine 3, and a second valve 17 adapted to be able to bring the first gas flow, containing hydrogen, from the fuel cell 4 to the heat engine 3 and/or to the post-treatment device 6, the electronic controller 15 being configured to control the opening and closing of the first and/or second valves 16, 17 as a function of the temperature of the first gas flow.
• the gas flow management means 16, 17, 18, 19 may further comprise an air filter 9 and an air compressor 10, coupled to an air inlet 11 and to a cooler 13 and to a humidifier 15 of this air, as well as a pump 15 and a silencer 20 coupled to said pump 15, coupled to the fluid distribution network in the vehicle, and optionally controlled by the controller 15.
• the post-treatment device (6) further comprising a catalyst (7) capable of treating nitrogen oxides coming from the heat engine 3, the system 1 can also comprise a sensor of a concentration of nitrogen oxides in the catalyst 7.
• the electronic controller 15 is then configured to control the opening and closing of the first and/or second valves as a function of the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the catalyst 7.
• Figure 2 illustrates the method of implementing the system as described previously, in which the hot gas contains hydrogen.
• the process includes the following steps:
• a first step E l during which the temperature of the first gas flow emitted at the outlet of the fuel cell 4 is compared to a first threshold value, in the event of exceeding the first threshold value during the first step E l, a second step E2 during which a concentration of nitrogen oxide measured in the catalyst 7 is compared to a second threshold value, in the event of exceeding said second threshold value during the second step E2, a third step E3 during which the computer 15 controls the second valve 17 to bring the flow containing hydrogen from the fuel cell 4 to the catalyst 7,
• step E4 following the third step E3, during which the hydrogen brought into the catalyst 7 during the third step E3 is used as a reagent for a reduction reaction with the nitrogen oxide present in the catalyst 7 until the concentration of nitrogen oxide in catalyst 7 falls below the second threshold value, in the absence of exceeding the first threshold value during the first step E l, a fifth step E2 during which the computer 15 controls the second valve 17 to bring the first gas flow containing hydrogen from the cell to fuel 4 to the heat engine 3.
• the hydrogen emitted by the anode of the cell can then be used hot for the reduction of these nitrogen oxides.
• the hydrogen emitted by the anode can be injected into the combustion chamber of the heat engine with hydrogen 2 as fuel, and a new combustion cycle can then take place.
• the second gas flow emitted at the outlet of the fuel cell 4 contains oxygen in addition to or as an alternative to the hydrogen emitted, and the system 1 and the process differ.
• the system 1 further comprises a sensor of the temperature of this second gas flow.
• the gas flow management means 16, 17, 18, 19 comprise a third valve 18 adapted to bring the second gas flow containing oxygen from the fuel cell 4 to the particle filter 8, and a fourth valve 19 adapted to be able to direct a flow of oxygen from the fuel cell 4 to the heat engine 3, the electronic controller 15 being able to control the opening and closing of the third and/or fourth valves 18, 19 in function of the temperature of the second gas flow.
• the post-treatment device 6 comprising a particle filter 8 capable of trapping nitrogen oxides from the heat engine 3, it is also possible to provide to add an oxygen richness sensor of the second gas flow, the electronic controller 15 being configured to control the opening and closing of the third and/or fourth valves 18, 19 as a function of the oxygen concentration of said second flow gaseous.
• the process comprises the following steps: the first step E l during which the temperature of the second gas flow emitted at the outlet is further compared of the fuel cell 4 to a third threshold value, in the event of exceeding the third threshold value during the first step E l, a sixth step E6 during which the oxygen concentration of the second gas flow at the outlet of the fuel cell 4 at a fourth threshold value, in the absence of exceeding said fourth threshold value during the sixth step E6, a seventh step E7 during which the computer 15 controls the third valve 18 to bring the second gas flow containing oxygen from the fuel cell 4 to the particle filter 8,
• This process is compatible with the process described previously for the case where the hot gas emitted at the outlet of the fuel cell 4 contains hydrogen.
• the system 1 can also provide that the hot gas emitted at the outlet of the fuel cell 4 contains both hydrogen and oxygen.
• the gas flow management means 16, 17, 18, 19 can then include first, second, third and fourth valves 16, 17, 18, 19, and provide that the electronic controller 15 is configured to be able to control said valves.
• such a system is implemented by a method combining the methods described previously evaluating the temperature of a hot gas emitted at the outlet of fuel cell 4, and during the first step E l, we compare both the temperature of the first gas flow containing hydrogen emitted at the outlet of the fuel cell 4 at the first threshold value and the temperature of the second gas flow containing oxygen emitted at the outlet of the fuel cell 4 at the first threshold value and the temperature of the oxygen of the hot gas emitted at the outlet of the fuel cell 4 at the third threshold value.
• the first step E l continues on the one hand with the second step E2 in the event of exceeding the first threshold value and on the other hand with the sixth step E6 in the event of exceeding the third threshold value.
• the invention also relates to a vehicle comprising the preceding system for implementing the method described, in particular a motor vehicle.

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