EP4634328A1 - Procede de traitement d'une composition d'huile de liquefaction de plastique par gazification - Google Patents
Procede de traitement d'une composition d'huile de liquefaction de plastique par gazificationInfo
- Publication number
- EP4634328A1 EP4634328A1 EP23837754.3A EP23837754A EP4634328A1 EP 4634328 A1 EP4634328 A1 EP 4634328A1 EP 23837754 A EP23837754 A EP 23837754A EP 4634328 A1 EP4634328 A1 EP 4634328A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- basic compound
- water
- effluent
- gasification
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen; using mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G19/00—Refining hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment
- C10G19/02—Refining hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with aqueous alkaline solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1258—Pre-treatment of the feed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
- C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
- C10J2300/1659—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to liquid hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
- C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
- C10J2300/1665—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to alcohols, e.g. methanol or ethanol
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for efficiently collecting a composition comprising a plastic liquefaction oil by gasification.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible in particular to reduce the concentration of heteroatoms in the fillers coming from plastic waste, with a view to their use in a gasification process.
- Plastic waste is most often directed to landfills or incinerated, and a smaller portion is directed to recycling.
- plastic waste is most often directed to landfills or incinerated, and a smaller portion is directed to recycling.
- the disposal of plastic waste in landfills is becoming increasingly difficult. It is therefore necessary to recycle plastic waste.
- a possible route to recycling plastic is the liquefaction of plastic by pyrolysis or hydrothermal liquefaction.
- the liquid thus obtained can then be introduced into a gasification process to complete the plastic recycling process.
- the resulting plastic oil generally contains large quantities of dienes and heteroatoms, including chlorine. These numerous heteroatoms, and in particular chlorine, are contaminants for gasification processes.
- dienes react easily by forming gums and chlorine causes corrosion problems. It is therefore necessary to treat plastic liquefaction oils to be able to recycle them. There are many treatment methods to reduce the heteroatom content of plastic liquefaction oils.
- Patent application W02020/020769 claims a sequence of processes for purifying a composition comprising at least 20 ppm of chlorine. Many recyclable liquid wastes can be treated, including plastic pyrolysis oils.
- the process sequence includes a heat treatment of the charge in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide in order to obtain a reduction of at least 50% in the chlorine content relative to the charge, followed by a hydrotreatment in order to obtain a new reduction of at least 50% in chlorine content.
- Patent application WO2021/105326 claims a process for recovering liquefied plastic waste comprising a step of pre-treating the liquefied plastic waste by bringing it into contact with an aqueous medium having a pH of at least 7 at a temperature of 200°C or more , followed by liquid-liquid separation in which the aqueous phase is separated from the organic phase, to produce pretreated liquefied waste plastic.
- the proposed solution includes the use of a solution of NaOH in water.
- separation of the aqueous and organic phases is carried out by physical methods (centrifugation) or chemical methods (addition of separation aid additives, for example non-aqueous solvents, addition of additional quantity of the aqueous medium used for the implementation contact or an aqueous medium having a different alkaline substance concentration), or by gravity.
- the invention aims to provide a process for treating plastic liquefaction oil by gasification including a purification treatment.
- this purification treatment can be carried out at relatively low temperature while maintaining high reduction performance, in heteroatoms, and in particular in chlorine.
- the purification treatment also makes it possible to reduce the content of the liquefaction oil in alkali and/or alkaline earth metals already present and/or which were introduced during the treatment of the plastic liquefaction oil with a basic compound containing , for example, an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
- the invention relates to a process for treating by gasification a composition comprising a plastic liquefaction oil, comprising the following steps: a) providing a composition comprising a plastic liquefaction oil containing at least 20 ppm by mass of heteroatoms, in particular at least 20 ppm by mass of chlorine, b) bringing the composition provided in step a) into contact with a basic compound at a temperature of at most 450 ° C to obtain a first effluent containing a composition modified, c) subjecting the first effluent from step b) to (c1) washing with water or a solvent immiscible with the modified composition, (c2) separation, or to the succession of steps (c2) and (c1), and obtain a second effluent containing a purified composition having a reduced heteroatom content, and a phase containing the basic compound and heteroatoms initially contained in the modified composition, d) optionally, the second effluent from step c ) is separated by distillation into at
- said composition prior to the treatment of step b), can be subjected to (i) filtration, (ii) washing with water or a polar solvent immiscible with the composition, (iii) distillation, (iv) decantation, or (v) the combination of two, three or four of steps (i) to (iv).
- Step b) may comprise one or more of the following characteristics: step b) is carried out in the presence of 0.1 to 50% m of basic compound relative to the total mass of the composition treated , prior to step b) or during step b), (i) a solid basic compound is added to the composition of step a), (ii) a basic compound previously dissolved in an aqueous medium, preferably water, or (iii) a basic compound previously dissolved in a solvent, preferably a polar solvent immiscible with said composition, the basic compound comprises an oxide, a hydroxide, a bicarbonate or an alcoholate of a cation of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal cation, or a hydroxide or a bicarbonate of a quaternary ammonium cation, alone or in a mixture, preferably the basic compound comprises an oxide, a hydroxide, a bicarbonate of an alkali metal cation or an alkaline earth metal cation, or
- step b) of contacting is carried out for a duration from 0.1 second to 3 hours, preferably from 0.1 second to 2 hours, more preferably from 1 minute to 1 hour, even more preferably from 1 minute to 20 minutes or from 1 minute to 16 minutes.
- Step c) may comprise one or more of the following characteristics: step c1) is carried out in the presence of water at neutral, basic or acidic pH, or in the presence of an organic solvent immiscible with the composition, preferably in the presence of water, step c2) is carried out by (i) centrifugation, (ii) decantation, (iii) hydrocyclone or (iv) by the combination of two or three of these steps, step c) comprises at least the separation step (c2) to separate the phase containing the basic compound and heteroatoms, and the purified composition, and the phase containing the basic compound and heteroatoms is returned in whole or in part to step b), step c) is preceded or followed, in particular immediately preceded or followed by a step of separating the solids by (i) filtration, (ii) centrifugation, (iii) hydrocyclone or (iv) a combination of two or more of these steps, step c) is followed by a purification by passing over a solid a
- the synthesis gas produced during step e) can be (i) treated in a purification unit, (ii) treated in a Fischer-Tropsch process (in particular to produce paraffins), (iii) used as fuel ( energy recovery, in particular by cogeneration), and/or (iv) used in an alcohol production unit by fermentation or catalytic route.
- a purification unit treated in a Fischer-Tropsch process (in particular to produce paraffins)
- iii) used as fuel energy recovery, in particular by cogeneration
- iv used in an alcohol production unit by fermentation or catalytic route.
- the purification units can be chosen in the usual way depending on the objective and the gasification process used, in particular to remove any tar possibly present.
- the invention also relates to an installation, in particular adapted to the implementation of the method according to the invention, comprising an optional pretreatment section (A), a treatment section (B), at least one optional section (S1, S2) solids separation, a separation section (C), an optional hydrotreatment section (HDT), an optional distillation section (D) and a gasification section (E), in which the different sections are fluidly connected to put implement the process according to the invention.
- A optional pretreatment section
- B treatment section
- S1, S2 at least one optional section
- C separation section
- HDT optional hydrotreatment section
- D optional distillation section
- E gasification section
- Hourly Volume Velocity is defined as the hourly volume of feed flow per unit of catalytic volume and is expressed here in h' 1 .
- a number domain without decimal places includes all whole numbers and, where appropriate, fractions thereof (for example, 1 to 5 may include 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 when reference is made to a number of elements, and may also include 1.5, 2, 2.75 and 3.80, when reference is made to, for example, a measurement.).
- Specifying a decimal also includes the decimal itself (for example, "from 1.0 to 5.0” includes 1.0 and 5.0). Any range of numerical values recited herein also includes any subrange of numerical values mentioned above.
- % by weight and % by mass have an equivalent meaning and refer to the proportion of the mass in grams of a product compared to 100 g of a composition comprising it.
- heteroatom we mean any elements of an organic compound other than carbon and hydrogen.
- polar solvent within the meaning of this patent application covers all chemical species, alone or in a mixture comprising at least one carbon-hydrogen, carbon-halogen, carbon-chalcogen or carbon-nitrogen covalent bond and having a moment non-zero dipolar. It is understood that the term “polar solvent” within the meaning of this definition specifically excludes water.
- solvent includes the aforementioned “polar solvents” and apolar solvents, which include for example any type of linear, branched, cyclic and/or aromatic saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon such as pentane, cyclohexane, olefins, toluene or xylene or certain other solvents with zero or almost zero dipole moment such as tetrachloromethane or carbon disulfide.
- naphtha refers to the general definition used in the oil and gas industry. In particular, it is a hydrocarbon coming from the distillation of crude oil and whose boiling point is between 15 and 250°C, according to the ASTM D2887 standard. Naphtha contains almost no olefins because the hydrocarbons come from crude oil. It is generally considered that a naphtha has a carbon number between C5 and C11, although the carbon number can in some cases reach C15. It is also generally accepted that the density of naphtha is between 0.65 and 0.77 g/mL.
- liquefaction oil we mean an oil resulting from a pyrolysis process and/or a hydrothermal liquefaction process of a hydrocarbon feedstock.
- This hydrocarbon filler may include plastics, biomass and/or elastomers, alone or in a mixture, particularly in the form of waste.
- a liquefaction oil can be formed from a mixture of two or more liquefaction oils originating from the liquefaction of different hydrocarbon feedstocks.
- the pyrolysis process must be understood as a thermal cracking process, typically carried out at a temperature of 300 to 1000 °C or 400 to 700 °C, carried out in the presence or absence of a catalyst and/or a gas ( fast pyrolysis, flash pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, hydropyrolysis, steampyrolysis, etc.).
- the hydrothermal liquefaction process (or HTL for “Hydrothermal Liquefaction” in English) is a thermochemical conversion process using water as a solvent, reagent and catalyst for degradation reactions of a hydrocarbon feedstock, water typically being in a subcritical or supercritical state.
- the hydrothermal liquefaction process is typically carried out at a temperature of 250 to 500 °C and at pressures of 10 to 25-40 MPa in the presence of water.
- plastic liquefaction oil or “oil resulting from the liquefaction of plastic” or “plastic waste liquefaction oil” or “liquefaction oil resulting from the liquefaction of waste containing plastics” or even “plastic oil » refers to liquid hydrocarbon products obtained following pyrolysis or hydrothermal liquefaction of thermoplastic and/or thermosetting polymers, alone or in mixture, and generally in the form of waste, optionally in mixture with at least one other load, in particular in the form of waste, such as biomass, for example, chosen from lignocellulosic biomass, herbaceous biomass (biomass of plants having a non-woody stem and which die at the end of the growing season) and /or aquifer biomass (plants growing in water or underwater such as algae), paper and cardboard, and/or an elastomer, for example possibly vulcanized latex or tires.
- biomass for example, chosen from lignocellulosic biomass, herbaceous biomass (biomass of plants having a non-woody stem and
- Plastic can be of any type, including any type of new or used plastic, included in household (post-consumer) or industrial waste.
- plastics we mean materials made up of polymers and optionally auxiliary components such as plasticizers, fillers, dyes, catalysts, flame retardants, stabilizers, etc.
- these polymers can be polyethylene, halogenated polyethylene (Cl, F ), polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, poly (terephthalate ethylene) (PET), polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polybutylene, poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) , polyvinylidene chloride, a polyester, a polyamide, a polycarbonate, a polyether, an epoxy polymer, a polyacetal, a polyimide, a polyesteramide, silicone etc.
- any polymer or mixture of polymers capable of producing hydrocarbons by liquefaction can be used.
- Biomass can be defined as an organic plant or animal product, namely a product composed of agricultural or forestry plant material or composed of animal material, including vegetable or animal oils or fats. Biomass thus includes (i) biomass produced by surplus agricultural land, not used for human or animal food: dedicated crops, called energy crops; (ii) biomass produced by deforestation (forest maintenance) or cleaning of agricultural land; (iii) agricultural residues from cereal crops, vines, orchards, olive trees, fruits and vegetables, agri-food residues, etc.; (iv) forest residues from silviculture and wood processing; (v) agricultural residues from livestock (manure, slurry, litter, droppings, etc.); (vi) organic household waste (paper, cardboard, green waste, etc.); (vii) ordinary industrial organic waste (paper, cardboard, wood, putrescible waste, etc.); (viii) algal biomass, namely biomass formed from algae, for example micro-algae (the algal biomass can be a suspension of algae obtained by harvesting algae coming for
- the plastic liquefaction oil treated by the invention can come from the liquefaction of waste containing at least 1%m, optionally from 1 to 50%m, from 2 to 30%m or in an interval defined by any two of these limits, of one or more of the aforementioned biomasses, residues and organic waste, and the remainder consisting of plastic waste, optionally mixed with elastomers, in particular in the form of waste.
- Elastomers are linear or branched polymers transformed by vulcanization into an infusible and insoluble, weakly crosslinked three-dimensional network. They include natural or synthetic rubbers. They may be part of tire-type waste or any other household or industrial waste containing elastomers, natural and/or synthetic rubber, mixed or not with other components, such as plastics, plasticizers, fillers, vulcanizing agent, vulcanization accelerators, additives, etc.
- elastomeric polymers include ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM), polyisoprene (natural or synthetic), polybutadiene, styrene-butadiene copolymers, isobutene-based polymers, copolymers isobutylene isoprene, chlorinated or brominated, acrylonitrile butadiene copolymers (NBR), and polychloroprenes (CR), polyurethanes, silicone elastomers, etc.
- EPDM ethylene-propylene copolymers
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer
- polyisoprene naturally or synthetic
- polybutadiene polybutadiene
- styrene-butadiene copolymers isobutene-based polymers
- copolymers isobutylene isoprene chlorinated or brominated
- NBR
- the plastic liquefaction oil treated by the invention can come from the liquefaction of waste containing at least 1%m/m, optionally from 1 to 50%m, from 2 to 30%m or in an interval defined by any two of these limits, of one or more aforementioned elastomers, in particular in the form of waste, the remainder consisting of plastic waste, optionally mixed with biomass, residues and organic waste.
- MAV (acronym for “Maleic Anhydric Value” for “maleic anhydride index”) refers to the UOP326-82 method which is expressed in mg of maleic anhydride which reacts with 1 g of sample to be measured .
- Bromine number corresponds to the quantity of bromine in grams reacted on 100 g of sample and can be measured according to the ASTM D1159-07 method.
- Bromine Index is the number of milligrams of bromine that react with 100 g of sample and can be measured according to the ASTM D2710 or ASTM D5776 methods.
- Boiling points as mentioned here are measured at atmospheric pressure unless otherwise noted.
- An initial boiling point is defined as the temperature value at which a first vapor bubble is formed.
- a final boiling point is the highest temperature achievable during distillation. At this temperature, no more vapor can be transported to a condenser.
- the determination of the initial and final points uses techniques known in the trade and several methods adapted depending on the range of distillation temperatures are applicable, for example NF EN 15199-1 (version 2020) or ASTM D2887 for measuring the points d boiling of petroleum fractions by gas chromatography, ASTM D7169 for heavy hydrocarbons, ASTM D7500, D86 or D1160 for distillates.
- the concentration of metals in hydrocarbon matrices can be determined by any known method. Acceptable methods include X-ray fluorescence (XRF), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Specialists in analytical sciences know how to identify the most suitable method for measuring each metal and generally each heteroelement depending on the hydrocarbon matrix considered.
- the oxygen content can be measured according to the standard: ASTM D5622-17 / D2504-88 (2015).
- the nitrogen content can be measured according to the standard: ASTM D4629-17.
- the sulfur content can be measured according to the ISO 20846:2011 standard.
- the halogen content in particular chlorine, bromine, fluorine, can be measured according to the standard: ASTM D7359-18.
- hydrotreatment we mean any process during which hydrocarbons react with dihydrogen, typically under pressure, in the presence of a catalyst or not.
- the hydrotreatment can thus comprise one or more reactions chosen from hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), hydro-demetallation (HCM), hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrogenation (hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds to saturated compounds) .
- hydrotreatment catalyst we mean a catalyst promoting the incorporation of hydrogen into products.
- This type of catalyst is typically a metal catalyst comprising one or more metals from groups 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the periodic table.
- composition comprising a plastic liquefaction oil
- the composition provided in step a) comprises a plastic liquefaction oil.
- This plastic liquefaction oil may be a plastic pyrolysis oil, a hydrothermal plastic liquefaction oil or a mixture of the two.
- the composition may comprise only a plastic liquefaction oil.
- the composition provided in step a) may comprise at least 1%m, or even at least 2%m of plastic liquefaction oil(s). The remainder can then be composed of at most 99%m, respectively at most 98%m, of a diluent or solvent such as a hydrocarbon and/or one or more components listed below.
- a diluent or solvent such as a hydrocarbon and/or one or more components listed below.
- the composition may comprise at least 5%m, preferably 10%m, more preferably at least 25%m, even more preferably at least 50%m, more preferably 75%m, even more preferably at least 90% m plastic liquefaction oil.
- the composition may comprise at most 80%m or 90%m or 95%m or 100%m of plastic liquefaction oil.
- the mass content of plastic liquefaction oil(s) of the composition can be included in any interval defined by two of the limits previously set.
- the composition may further comprise one or more of the components originating from biomass, biomass waste or elastomeric waste, such as the following components: a tall oil, a used edible oil, an animal fat, a vegetable oil such as 'a rapeseed, canola, castor, palm, soybean oil, an oil extracted from a algae, an oil extracted from a fermentation of oleaginous microorganisms such as oleaginous yeasts, a biomass liquefaction oil, in particular a biomass liquefaction oil such as Panicum virgatum or a lignocellulosic or herbaceous or aquiferous biomass liquefaction oil, for example an oil from liquefaction of wood, herbs, algae, paper and/or cardboard, an oil obtained by liquefaction of crushed used furniture, an oil from liquefaction of elastomers for example possibly vulcanized latex or tires, as well as their mixtures.
- a tall oil a used edible oil, an animal fat, a vegetable oil such
- the composition may further include a component that is a diluent miscible with the plastic liquefaction oil.
- This diluent preferably has a diene number of at most 0.5 g I2/I OO g, measured according to UOP 326-17, a bromine number of at most 5 g Br2/100 g, measured according to ASTM D1159.
- the diluent is preferably chosen from a naphtha and/or a paraffinic solvent and/or a diesel or a straight-run gas oil, containing at most 1% by weight of sulfur, preferably at most 0.1% by weight of sulfur, and/or a hydrocarbon stream having a boiling range between 50°C and 150°C or a boiling range between 150°C and 250°C or a boiling range between 200°C and 350°C , preferably having a bromine number of not more than 5 g Br2/100 g, and/or a diene number of not more than 0.5 g I2/100g or any combination thereof.
- the composition may have a bromine number of at most 150 g Br2/100 g, preferably at most 100 g Br2/100 g, even more preferably at most 80 g Br2/100 g, the most preferred being not more than 50 g Br2/100 g, as measured according to ASTM D1159.
- Step (a) of providing the composition may include:
- the liquefaction step (a1) may comprise a pyrolysis step, typically carried out at a temperature of 300 to 1000 ° C or 400 to 700 ° C, this pyrolysis being, for example, a fast pyrolysis or a flash pyrolysis or a catalytic pyrolysis or hydropyrolysis.
- the liquefaction step (a1) may comprise a hydrothermal liquefaction step, typically carried out at a temperature of 250 to 500 °C and at pressures of 10 to 25-40 MPa.
- the waste treated in step (a1) can be plastic waste possibly mixed with biomass or other types of waste, as previously described.
- the separation step (a2) makes it possible to eliminate the gas phase, essentially the C1-C4 hydrocarbons and the solid phase (typically char) to recover only the liquid organic phase forming a liquefaction oil.
- Plastic liquefaction oils contain paraffins, i-paraffins (isoparaffins), dienes, alkynes, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics. Plastic liquefaction oils also contain impurities containing heteroatoms, such as chlorinated, oxygenated, sulfurous, nitrogenous and/or silylated organic compounds, metals, salts, phosphorus compounds.
- composition of the plastic liquefaction oil depends on the nature of the liquefied plastic, and optionally on any other waste liquefied with the plastic, and is essentially (in particular more than 80% m, most often more than 90% m) consisting of hydrocarbons having 1 to 150 carbon atoms and impurities.
- a plastic liquefaction oil typically comprises 5 to 80 wt% paraffins (including cyclo-paraffins), 10 to 95 wt% unsaturated compounds (including olefins, dienes and acetylenes), 5 to 70 wt% %m aromatics. These contents can be determined by gas chromatography.
- a plastic liquefaction oil may include a Bromine number of 10 to 130 g Br2/100 g, as measured according to standard ASTM D1159, and/or a maleic anhydride index (UOP326-82) of 1 to 55 mg of maleic anhydride/1 g.
- said plastic liquefaction oil has an initial boiling point of at least 15°C, and a final boiling point of not more than 800°C, preferably not more than 600°C. °C, even more preferably at most 560 °C, more preferably at most 450 °C, even more preferably at most 350 °C, preferably 250 °C (measured according to standard NF EN 15199- 1/2).
- a plastic liquefaction oil typically comprises at least 20 ppm of heteroatoms, or even at least 30 ppm of heteroatoms. Its maximum heteroatom content can be 15% by mass.
- a plastic liquefaction oil may in particular comprise one or more of the following heteroatom contents: from 0 to 8% m of oxygen (measured according to the ASTM D5622 standard), from 1 to 13,000 ppm of nitrogen (measured according to the ASTM standard D4629), from 2 to 10,000 ppm of sulfur (measured according to ISO 20846), from 1 to 10,000 ppm of metals (measured by ICP), from 50 to 6,000 ppm of chlorine (measured according to ASTM D7359-18), 0 to 200 ppm bromine (measured according to ASTM D7359-18), 1 to 40 ppm fluorine (measured according to ASTM D7359-18), 1 to 2000 ppm silicon (measured by XRF).
- the invention may also comprise an optional pretreatment step, in which said composition is subjected, in particular immediately before step b), to (i) filtration, (ii) washing with water or a polar solvent immiscible with the composition, (iii) distillation, (iv) decantation, or (v) the combination of two, three or four of steps (i) to (iv).
- This additional step can make it possible to remove some of the impurities contained in the composition such as oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, sulfur or other heteroatoms. In particular, reducing the quantity of oxygen can make it possible to avoid the formation of solids and/or gels during step (c1).
- the polar solvent or water/composition volume ratio can be from 1/99 to 90/10, from 10/90 to 90/10, from 20/80 to 80 /20, from 30/70 to 70/30, from 35/65 to 65/35, from 35/65 to 60/40, or from 40/60 to 60/40.
- An acidic pH can be obtained by adding one or more organic or inorganic acids.
- organic acids include citric acid (CeHsO?), formic acid (CH 2 O 2 ), acetic acid (CH 3 COOH).
- inorganic acids are sulfamic acid (H3NSO3) hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), phosphoric acid (H3PO4).
- a basic pH can be obtained by the addition of alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides, alkali and alkaline earth metal hydroxides (e.g., NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2), alkali metal bicarbonates and alkaline earth and amines (e.g. triethylamine, ethylenediamine, ammonia).
- alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides e.g., NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2
- alkali metal bicarbonates e.g. triethylamine, ethylenediamine, ammonia
- step (c1) When water is used for washing, provision may be made to return all or part of the water recovered at the end of washing to step (c1). And optionally, when step c1) is carried out with water, the water recovered at the end of the washing of step c1) can be returned in whole or in part to this washing step (ii) .
- the polar solvent may have a density greater or less than the density of the composition comprising a plastic liquefaction oil.
- the density of the polar solvent can be 3 to 50% higher or lower than that of the composition.
- the polar solvent is a solvent immiscible with the composition comprising a plastic liquefaction oil to be purified.
- the polar solvent (or a mixture of polar solvents where appropriate) is immiscible when its recovery rate is greater than or equal to 0.95.
- This recovery rate is defined as the ratio of the volume of extract to the volume of initial solvent, this extract being a phase containing the solvent, immiscible with the composition containing a liquefaction oil, recovered after stirring then decanting a mixture. of one part by volume of solvent with twenty-five parts by volume of the composition containing a liquefaction oil to be purified, at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20°C.
- this recovery rate can be determined by following the following procedure:
- Acceptable immiscible polar solvents include (i) sulfur compounds, e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide, (ii) nitrogen compounds, e.g. N,N-dimethylformamide, (iii) halogenated compounds, e.g.
- ethylene glycol or alternatively: glycol ethers, including in particular polyethylene glycol of chemical formula HO-(CH2-CH2-O)nH with a mass average molar mass of 90 to 800g/mol, for example example diethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol of chemical formula H[OCH(CH3)CH2]nOH with a mass average molar mass of 130 to 800g/mol, for example dipropylene glycol and tetrapropylene glycol, dialkyl formamides , in which the alkyl group may comprise from 1 to 8 or from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, in particular dimethyl formamide (DMF), dialkyl sulfoxides, in which the alkyl group may comprise from 1 to 8 or from 1 to 3 atoms of carbons, in particular dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and sulfolane, compounds comprising a furan ring, cyclic carbonate esters,
- glycol ethers including in particular polyethylene glycol
- the polar solvent may be ethylene glycol or a glycol ether, in particular polyethylene glycol of chemical formula HO-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H with a mass average molar mass of 90 to 800 g/mol or polypropylene glycol of chemical formula H[OCH(CH3)CH2]nOH with a mass-average molar mass of 130 to 800g/mol, or a compound comprising a furan ring, or a cyclic carbonate ester, in particular propylene carbonate or ethylene, alone or in a mixture, preferably alone.
- polyethylene glycol of chemical formula HO-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H with a mass average molar mass of 90 to 800 g/mol or polypropylene glycol of chemical formula H[OCH(CH3)CH2]nOH with a mass-average molar mass of 130 to 800g/mol or a compound comprising a furan ring, or a cyclic carbonate ester, in particular propylene carbonate or
- the polar solvent is chosen from propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol of chemical formula HO-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H of average molar mass in mass of 90 to 800g/mol, alone or in mixture, preferably alone.
- step b) Detailed description of step b)
- Step b) is a step of treating the composition provided in step a) in the presence of a basic compound at a temperature of at most 450°C to obtain an effluent comprising a treated composition.
- This treatment makes it possible in particular to modify the compounds containing heteroatoms and to promote their subsequent elimination.
- Step b) is carried out in the presence of a basic compound, preferably a basic nucleophilic compound.
- the quantity of basic compound used is 0.1 to 50% m, preferably at least 0.5% m, more preferably at least 1% m, preferably at least 3%. m, even more preferably at least 5% m or even at least 10% m relative to the total mass of the treated composition (composition provided by step (a)).
- the quantity of basic compound used can be from 0.1 to 15% m, more preferably from 0.5 to 15% m, more preferably from 1 to 15% m, in particular from 3 to 15% m, or even 5 to 15% m or 10 to 15% m relative to the total mass of the treated composition (composition provided by step a)), or in any interval defined by two of the previous limits.
- the basic compound can be added to the composition provided by step a) either before step b) or during step b). This addition of the basic compound to the composition can optionally be followed by a mixing step before carrying out step b).
- the basic compound can be added to the composition in solid form or dissolved in an aqueous medium, preferably water, or in a solvent, miscible or immiscible with said composition, preferably immiscible.
- the ratio by volume of solvent/water containing the basic compound/organic phase i.e. the ratio by volume of the mixture (basic compound + solvent or water)/organic phase, could be from 0.1/99.9 to 80/20, from 1/99 to 80/20, from 1/99 to 70/30, from 1/99 to 65/35, from 1/99 to 60/40, from 1/99 to 50/50, or in any interval defined by any two of the aforementioned limits.
- the basic compound added in step b) is in solution in water or in a solvent, and the basic compound content of the water or the solvent is from 0.1 to 50% m, preferably from 15 to 50% m, more preferably 25% to 50% m, preferably 40 to 50% m, even more preferably the water or the solvent is saturated with basic compound, in particular water or Solvent contains just enough basic compound to obtain a saturated solution.
- the basic compound added in step b) is in solution in water.
- the organic phase can be brought into contact with an aqueous solution of a basic compound, preferably a basic compound comprising an alkali or alkaline earth metal cation.
- a solution in particular an aqueous solution, saturated with basic compound could advantageously be used.
- step b) can be carried out without adding any solvent other than water or a solvent possibly already present in the composition.
- a usable miscible solvent may be a polar solvent comprising an alcohol function and/or an ether function, ideally chosen from C1 to C4 alcohols, preferably from methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, propan- 2-ol, butan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, propylene glycol.
- a usable immiscible solvent may be an immiscible polar solvent, for example those cited for the optional pre-treatment step.
- the basic compound may comprise an oxide, hydroxide, bicarbonate, or alkoxide of an alkali metal cation or an alkaline earth metal cation, or a hydroxide or bicarbonate of an quaternary ammonium cation, for example a cation of tetramethylammonium (TMA+), tetraethylammonium (TEA+), tetrapropylammonium (TPA+), tetrabutylammonium (TBA+).
- TMA+ tetramethylammonium
- TEA+ tetraethylammonium
- TPA+ tetrapropylammonium
- TSA+ tetrabutylammonium
- the basic compound can comprise an oxide, hydroxide or bicarbonate of an alkali metal cation or an alkaline earth metal cation, or a hydroxide or bicarbonate of a quaternary ammonium cation. More preferably, the basic compound may comprise a aforementioned oxide or hydroxide, alone or in a mixture.
- the basic compound can be chosen from LiOH, NaOH, CsOH, Ba(OH) 2 , Na 2 O, KOH, K 2 O, CaO, Ca(OH) 2 , MgO, Mg(OH) 2 , EtONa, MeONa, NH 4 OH, TEAOH, TBuOH, TMAOH, and their mixtures or from LiOH, NaOH, CsOH, Ba(OH) 2 , Na 2 O, KOH, K 2 O, CaO, Ca(OH) 2 , MgO, Mg(OH) 2 , NH 4 OH, TEAOH, TBuOH, TMAOH, and mixtures thereof.
- a preferred basic compound can be chosen from NaOH, KOH and mixtures thereof, preferably in solution in water or in a solvent, in particular a solvent immiscible with the composition.
- the solvent used to solubilize the basic compound may be water, an alcohol, for example methanol or ethanol, or any other organic solvent making it possible to solubilize the chosen basic compound, preferably water or a solvent immiscible with the composition.
- step b) prior to step b) or during step b), it is possible to add to the composition of step a) (i) a solid basic compound, (ii) a basic compound previously dissolved in an aqueous medium, preferably water, or (iii) a basic compound previously dissolved in a solvent, preferably a polar solvent immiscible with said composition, the basic compound content of the water or the solvent being from 15 to 50% by mass, preferably from 25% to 50%m, preferably from 40 to 50%m.
- This embodiment can in particular be combined with the temperature conditions and other operating conditions described below. This embodiment can also be combined with the particularly preferred embodiment described below.
- Step b) can be carried out at a temperature of at most 450°C.
- step b) can be carried out at a temperature of 50 to 450 °C, preferably 50 to 350 °C, more preferably 50 to 250 °C, even more preferably 50 at 225°C, 50 to 200°C, 70 to 190°C or 80 to 185°C, or in any range defined by any two of these limits.
- Treatment step b) can be carried out at an absolute pressure of 0.1 to 100 bars, preferably 1 to 50 bars.
- step b) is carried out for a duration of 1 minute to 3 hours, preferably 1 minute to 1 or 2 hours, more preferably 1 minute to 20 minutes, preferably 1 minute to 20 minutes. 1 minute to 16 minutes, at a temperature of at most 250°C, more preferably at most 225°C, even more preferably at most 200°C, 190°C or 185°C.
- step b) can be carried out at a temperature of at least 50°C, preferably at least 90°C, more preferably at least 150°C.
- step b) can be carried out at an absolute pressure of 0.1 to 100 bars, preferably of 1 to 50 bars.
- the composition provided by step a) can advantageously be brought into contact with:
- a basic compound advantageously comprising an alkali or alkaline earth metal cation, and preferably in the presence of water, preferably with 0.5 to 15% m of a basic compound , more preferably with 1 to 10% m of a basic compound (weight percentages of basic compound relative to the composition), and/or
- a preferred strong base can be chosen from LiOH, NaOH, CsOH, Ba(OH)2, Na2 ⁇ , KOH, K 2 O, CaO, Ca(OH) 2 , MgO, Mg(OH) 2 , TMAOH, TEAOH, TBuOH, EtONa, MeONa and their mixtures.
- a more preferred strong base may be chosen from LiOH, NaOH, CsOH, Ba(OH) 2 , Na 2 O, KOH, K 2 O, CaO, Ca(OH) 2 , MgO, Mg(OH) 2 , TMAOH, TEAOH , TBuOH, and their mixtures, and in particular among NaOH, KOH and their mixtures, in particular for the implementation of the particularly preferred embodiment.
- a first effluent containing a modified composition is obtained because the impurities (compounds containing heteroatoms) have been modified by the treatment of step b).
- the first effluent containing the modified composition obtained at the outlet of step b) subsequently makes it possible to obtain a purified composition comprising a reduced heteroatom content, as explained below.
- Step c), and in particular one or more of steps (c1) and (c2), can be preceded or followed by a step of separating the solids by (i) filtration, (ii) centrifugation, (iii) hydrocyclone or (iv) a combination of two or three of these steps.
- This solids separation step is particularly advantageous before step (c2) because it can facilitate phase separation by eliminating all or part of the solids present in the first effluent from step b).
- step c) the effluent from step b) can be subjected to (c1) washing with water or a solvent immiscible with the modified composition, (c2) separation, or to succession of steps (c2) and (c1).
- This step c) makes it possible to recover a purified composition having a reduced heteroatom content and a phase (solid or liquid) containing the compound. basic and heteroatoms initially contained in the modified composition. This step thus makes it possible to separate the impurities from the composition.
- steps (c1), (c2) or (c2) + (c1) depends in particular on the nature of the basic compound and the desired purification objective. For example, we can distinguish cases (A), (B) and (C) below:
- step c) can then comprise:
- washing step (c1) which makes it possible to recover a phase containing the purified composition and a phase containing the basic compound, the impurities, and the water or the solvent used for washing, or
- the separation step (c2) typically a solid-liquid extraction, which makes it possible to separate a solid phase comprising the basic compound and the impurities having precipitated and a liquid phase containing the purified composition, or
- step (A3) the separation step (c2) described above followed by a washing step (c1) of the liquid phase containing the purified composition recovered at the outlet of step (c2),
- step c) can then comprise the washing step (c1) which makes it possible to recover a phase containing the purified composition and a phase containing the miscible solvent, the solubilized basic compound, the impurities, and the water or the immiscible solvent used for washing;
- step c) the basic compound is added to the composition of step a) dissolved in an aqueous medium or in a solvent immiscible with the composition, step c) can then comprise:
- washing step (c1) which makes it possible to recover a phase containing the purified composition and a phase containing the basic compound, the impurities, the water or the solvent used for washing and the aqueous medium or the solvent not miscible used to add the basic compound, or
- the separation step (c2) typically a liquid-liquid separation, which makes it possible to separate the phase containing the purified composition and a phase containing the water or the immiscible solvent, the basic compound and the impurities, or
- step (C3) the separation step (c2) described above followed by a washing step (c1) of the phase containing the purified composition recovered at the outlet of step (c2).
- step c) implements the separation (c2), namely in the cases (A2), (A3), (C2) and (C3), we can advantageously recover the phase containing the basic compound recovered at the outlet of the separation step (c2) and return it in whole or in part to the step b) treatment. This makes it possible to reduce the quantities of basic compound to be used and thus reduce the associated costs.
- the washing step (c1) is carried out with water at neutral, basic or acidic pH or with a solvent immiscible with the purified composition, preferably with water.
- the washing step (c1) makes it possible to recover a phase containing the purified composition and a phase containing the water or the immiscible solvent used for washing, the basic compound and the impurities.
- these phases are recovered separately, for example following a liquid/liquid separation (centrifugation and/or decantation and/or other) carried out at the end of the washing step.
- This step (c1) makes it possible to eliminate the impurities containing heteroatoms present in the first effluent containing the modified composition leaving step b) by solubilizing them in a solvent (water or an organic solvent).
- This washing step (c1) can also make it possible to separate the basic compound from the purified composition.
- the washing step (c1) is thus particularly advantageous when the basic compound used during step b) is added to the composition in solid form or dissolved in a solvent miscible with the composition to be treated, but can also be put into work when the basic compound is in solution in a solvent (water or organic solvent) immiscible with the composition to be treated.
- this washing step (c1) can be omitted or carried out after the separation step (c2 ), as explained below.
- the water used has an acidic or neutral pH.
- the water used does not contain a basic compound and in particular does not contain a basic compound comprising an alkali or alkaline earth metal cation.
- An acidic pH can be obtained by adding one or more organic or inorganic acids. Examples are cited with reference to washing (ii) of the optional pre-treatment step.
- the water can have a pH of 0.1 to 6.9.
- a basic pH can be obtained by adding a basic compound, for example those mentioned above with reference to washing (ii) of the optional pre-treatment step or those used in step b).
- the water can have a pH of 7.1 to 14.
- the immiscible solvent may be any organic solvent immiscible with the composition, in particular in which the impurities containing heteroatoms are soluble.
- a solvent immiscible which can be used is for example a polar solvent, in particular those described in the optional pre-treatment step.
- Step (c1) can be carried out at a temperature of 10°C to 120°C, preferably 15°C to 95°C, more preferably 15°C to 80°C, or even in any interval defined by any two of these limits, advantageously without external heating.
- Step (c1) is typically carried out at atmospheric pressure or at a pressure close to the pressure at which step b) is carried out.
- Step (c1) can be implemented on the first effluent directly from step b), without an intermediate step, or on the effluent containing the purified composition leaving step (c2).
- washing step (c1) then makes it possible to eliminate any residue of the basic compound and/or impurities containing heteroatoms, still present in the purified composition leaving the step (c2), which can make it possible to obtain a purified composition having in particular a chlorine content less than or equal to 30 ppm (by mass) and a sodium content less than or equal to 2 ppm (by mass).
- the solvent or water/effluent volume ratio containing the purified composition can be from 1/99 to 90/10, from 20/80 to 80/20, from 30/70 to 70/30 , from 35/65 to 65/35, from 35/65 to 60/40, from 40/60 to 60/40, or in any interval defined by any two of the aforementioned limits.
- Step (c1) may comprise, or consist of, bringing the effluent from step b) or (c2) into contact with water or an immiscible solvent by any means known in the art. prior.
- the effluent from step b) or (c2) and the solvent or water can be introduced into tanks, reactors or mixers commonly used in the profession and the two components can be mixed.
- Contacting may include vigorous stirring of the two components by a mixing device.
- the two components can be mixed together by stirring or shaking.
- the contacting can be carried out in an enclosure in which the two components circulate against the current, for example in contact columns with adequate packing in order to increase the contact between the phase of the treated composition and the water or an immiscible solvent.
- contacting can be carried out in another static mixer in co-current mode or in a cavitation enclosure. This contact may occur more than once, particularly under the conditions presented above.
- the washing step (c1) can be carried out continuously or in batches.
- the separation step (c2) also makes it possible to separate the purified composition to obtain a phase containing the purified composition having a reduced heteroatom content, and a phase containing the basic compound and the impurities. It could be a separation liquid/liquid or a solid/liquid separation. It can advantageously be carried out by (I) centrifugation, (ii) decantation, (iii) hydrocyclone or (iv) by the combination of two or three of these steps.
- Step (c2) can be carried out directly on the effluent containing the modified composition of step b).
- this step (c2) then separates a phase containing the purified composition and a phase containing the basic compound and the impurities, and, where appropriate, the water or the solvent immiscible with the composition.
- This phase containing the basic compound can then be returned to step b) to reuse the basic compound. This makes it possible to reduce the quantity of total basic compound consumed in step b).
- the effluent containing the modified composition leaving step b) can be treated in at least one mechanical or electrostatic coalescer in order to break the possible emulsion and concentrate the basic compound in the solvent or water.
- Step (c2) can be carried out at a temperature of 10°C to 120°C, preferably 15°C to 95°C, more preferably 15°C to 80°C, or even in any interval defined by any two of these limits, advantageously without external heating.
- Step (c2) is typically carried out at atmospheric pressure or at a pressure close to the pressure at which step b) is carried out.
- the effluent containing the purified composition can be subjected to single-step or two-step hydrotreatment.
- the effluent is hydrotreated at a temperature of 200 to 450°C, preferably 200 to 380°C in the presence of hydrogen at an absolute pressure of 20 to 140 bars, preferably from 30 to 100 bars and in the presence of a hydrotreatment catalyst, for example a NiMo (0.1-60% by mass) and/or CoMo (0.1-60% by mass) type catalyst generally on a support.
- a hydrotreatment catalyst for example a NiMo (0.1-60% by mass) and/or CoMo (0.1-60% by mass) type catalyst generally on a support.
- the hydrotreatment can be carried out in a first step (1) in which the effluent is hydrotreated, preferably selectively hydrogenated, at a temperature of 80 to 250 °C, preferably 130 to 250 °C in the presence of hydrogen at an absolute pressure of 5 to 150 bars, preferably 20 to 100 bars, and in the presence of a first hydrotreatment catalyst, preferably a hydrogenation catalyst, for example a hydrogenation catalyst comprising Pd (0.1-10 wt%) and/or Ni (0.1-60 wt%) and/or NiMo (0.1-60% by weight), and in a second step (d-2) in which the effluent from step (d-1) is hydrotreated at a temperature of 200 to 450 ° C, preferably from 250 to 340 °C in the presence of hydrogen at an absolute pressure of 20 to 150 bars, preferably from 30 to 100 bars and in the presence of a second hydrotreatment catalyst, for example a catalyst of the type NiMo (0.1-60 wt%) and/or CoMo (0.1-60 wt%).
- This hydrotreatment step can be carried out in a single reactor with several catalytic beds placed in series with possibly additional hydrogen between the beds or in several reactors in series depending on the desired objective.
- This hydrotreatment step can also have a demetallation, cracking and dearomatization function depending on the characteristics of the catalyst and the hydrotreatment conditions.
- the feed for the hydrotreatment containing at least part of the purified composition
- the feed for the hydrotreatment can be diluted with part of the hydrotreatment effluent, still having a temperature higher than the desired temperature at the inlet of the hydrotreatment.
- This at least partial recycling of the hydrotreatment effluent makes it possible to dilute the unsaturates present in the purified composition and to preheat the charge.
- the part of the hydrotreatment effluent which is not recycled but still at a high temperature can exchange its sensible heat with the composition comprising a plastic liquefaction oil and thus ensure the preheating of this composition entering into step b).
- the effluent leaving the hydrotreatment step namely the purified and hydrotreated composition, optionally purified by passing over a solid adsorbent, can be washed with water to eliminate inorganic compounds such as hydrosulfide, hydrochloride. hydrogen and ammonia before being subjected to subsequent treatments.
- the second effluent from step c) or the effluent from the hydrotreatment step can be purified by passing over a solid adsorbent in order to reduce the content of at least one element among F, Cl, Br, I, O , N, S, Se, Si, P, As, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg and Hg and/or water content.
- the adsorbent can be operated in regenerative or non-regenerative mode, at a temperature below 400°C, preferably below 100°C, more preferably below 60°C, chosen from: (i) a silica gel, ( ii) a clay, (iii) a crushed clay, (iv) apatite, (v) hydroxyapatite and their combinations, (vi) an alumina for example an alumina obtained by precipitation of boehmite, a calcined alumina such as Ceralox ® from Sasol, (vii) boehmite, (viii) bayerite, (ix) hydrotalcite, (x) a spinel such as Pural ® or Puralox from Sasol, (xi) a promoted alumina, for example example Selexsorb ® from BASF, a promoted alumina acid, an alumina promoted by a zeolite and/or by a metal such as Ni, Co, Mo or a combination of at least two of
- the adsorbent is regenerable, has a specific surface area of at least 200 m 2 /g and is operated in a fixed bed reactor at less than 100°C with a WH of 0.1 to 10 h'1 .
- the second effluent produced during step c), optionally hydrotreated, purified on an adsorbent and/or washed with water, can be separated d) by distillation into at least two distinct fractions, typically a heavy fraction and a light fraction.
- This separation can in particular be carried out by distillation, in particular by atmospheric distillation or by distillation under reduced pressure.
- the second effluent produced during step c), optionally hydrotreated, purified on an adsorbent and/or washed with water, can in particular be split into usable flows whose cutting points are typically chosen according to the treatment ulterior.
- This fractionation can be carried out according to distillation temperature ranges, for example to separate flows such as LPG, gasoline, diesel, heavy fuel oil, kerosene, which can then be treated in a gasifier and/or a steam cracker and/or in a catalytic cracker and/or in a hydrocracker (then possibly in a steam cracker) and/or in a hydrotreatment reactor and/or used as such for the preparation of fuels, combustibles, lubricants or base oils.
- Those skilled in the art know how to select the cuts most suited to subsequent processing units depending on the desired objective.
- fractions 350 + °C or 375 + °C will advantageously be sent to gasification step e).
- the fractions 350 + °C, respectively 375+ °C correspond to fractions whose initial boiling point is greater than or equal to 350 °C, respectively 375 °C.
- the second effluent from step c), optionally after solid/liquid separation and/or hydrotreatment, or one of the fractions from step d), can be submitted, alone or mixed with another hydrocarbon feedstock, to a gasification process for producing synthesis gas comprising at least dihydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
- the other hydrocarbon load comes from the processing of crude oil.
- This hydrocarbon load generally corresponds to a cut of 350 + °C or 375 + °C. It is typically a visbroken residue, a VGO (vacuum gas oil), a residue from an atmospheric distillation, a residue from a vacuum distillation, a residue from a distillation under visco-reduced vacuum, alone or in a mixture.
- VGO vacuum gas oil
- the second effluent from step c) optionally after solid/liquid separation and/or hydrotreatment, or one of the fractions from step d) , can be subjected to the gasification step mixed with other conventional charges of petroleum origin, in particular depending on the volumes available and/or so that the heteroatom content of the charge entering the gasification step has a content in heteroatoms conforming to the required requirements.
- the charge for the gasification stage may in particular contain up to 100% by mass, 90% by mass, 80% by mass, 70% by mass, 60% by mass, 50% by mass, 40% by mass, 30 % by mass, 20% by mass, 15% by mass, 10% by mass or 5% by mass of the second effluent from step c), optionally after solid/liquid separation and/or hydrotreatment, or one of the fractions of step d), or in any interval defined by two of these limits.
- This gasification step may be a partial oxidation gasification step implemented in a partial oxidation gasification unit to produce a synthesis gas comprising at least dihydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
- the second effluent from step c) or one of the fractions from step d) can, before step e), be mixed with another hydrocarbon feedstock such as naphtha, diesel or any refining product of the crude oil to have a concentration of purified composition ranging from 0.01%m to at most 90%m, preferably from 0.1%m to 75%m, even more preferably from 1%m to 50%m or in any of these limits.
- another hydrocarbon feedstock such as naphtha, diesel or any refining product of the crude oil
- the term "partial oxidation gasification (PCX) unit or installation” or “PCX gasification plant” means a facility that includes all equipment, lines and controls necessary to carry out PCX gasification of waste liquefied plastics.
- the gasification plant can include a gasifier, a feed injector, a gasifier ball mill, a feed pulverization unit and/or a solidification tank.
- partial oxidation refers to the high temperature conversion of a carbon-containing feedstock to syngas (carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide), where the conversion is carried out with an amount of oxygen that is less than the stoichiometric amount of oxygen necessary for the complete oxidation of carbon to CO2.
- Reactions that occur in a partial oxidation (POX) gasifier include the conversion of a carbon-containing feedstock to syngas, and specific examples of reactions include, but are not limited to, partial oxidation, displacement from gas to water (Water Gas shift) - primary reactions, the Boudouard oxidation reaction, methanation, hydrogen reforming, steam reforming and carbon dioxide reforming.
- the present technology is generally directed towards a process for producing synthesis gas (syngas) from a plastic liquefaction oil composition.
- the process generally includes introducing the plastic liquefaction oil composition and an oxidizing agent comprising molecular oxygen (O2) into a POX gasifier and performing a partial oxidation reaction in the gasifier by reacting at least part of the plastic liquefaction oil and at least part of the molecular oxygen.
- the plastic liquefaction oil composition may be in a solid or liquid form before being introduced into the POX gasifier.
- the POX gasification installation comprises at least one POX gasification reactor or gasifier.
- the POX gasification unit may comprise a liquid-fed gasifier or a solid-fed gasifier. More particularly, in various embodiments, the POX gasification unit may perform liquid-fed POX gasification.
- the term "liquid-fed POX gasification” means a POX gasification process in which the process feed comprises primarily liquid components at 25°C and 1 atm. Additionally, or alternatively, in various embodiments, the POX gasification unit may perform solid-state POX gasification.
- solid-state POX gasification means a POX gasification process in which the process feed primarily comprises components that are solid at 25°C and 1 atm.
- Liquid- and solid-fed POX gasification processes can be co-fed with lesser amounts of other components having a different phase at 25 °C and 1 atm.
- solid-fed POX gasifiers can be co-fed with liquids, but only in quantities (by mass) less than the amount of solids fed into the solid-fed POX gasifier.
- the total feed to a liquid-fed POX gasifier may include at least 60, or at least 70, or at least 80, or at least 90, or at least 95% by mass of components that are liquid at 25°C and 1 atm; and the total feed to a solids-fed POX gasifier may include at least 60, or at least 70, or at least 80, or at least 90, or at least 95% by mass of components that are solid at 25°C and 1 atm.
- the oxidizing agent comprises an oxidizing gas which may include air, oxygen-enriched air, or molecular oxygen (O2), or steam.
- Suitable catalysts include one or more metallic components of groups 8 to 10 of the periodic table, such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium, ruthenium, and optionally, one or more elements of groups 5 to 7, 11, such as iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, vanadium and chromium, these elements typically being supported on a support such as zirconia, alumina, CeC>2, Y2O3 or TiG>2-
- the gasification zone, and optionally all reaction zones in the gasifier/gasification reactor may operate at a temperature of at least 1000°C , at least 1100 °C, at least 1200 °C, at least 1250 °C, or at least 1300 °C and/or not more than 2500 °C, not more than 2000 °C, not more than 1800 °C, or not more than 1600°C.
- the reaction temperature can be autogenous.
- the gasifier operating in steady state can be at an autogenous temperature and does not require the application of external energy sources to heat the gasification zone.
- the gasifier can operate at a pressure inside the gasification zone (or combustion chamber) of at least 1.3 MPa to 9 MPa, examples of suitable pressure ranges include 2 to 7 MPa, 2 to 6 MPa, 2.5 to 7 MPa, 2 to 5.5 MPa, 3 to 5 MPa or any range defined by one of the limits of these beaches.
- the average residence time of gases in the gasification reactor can be very short to increase the throughput. Because the gasifier can operate at high temperature and pressure, virtually complete conversion of the feedstock to gas can occur in a very short time. In one embodiment or in combination with any embodiment mentioned herein, the average residence time of the gases in the gasifier may be not more than 30, not more than 25, not more than 20, not more than 15, not more than 10, or not more than 7 seconds.
- the raw syngas stream discharged from the gasification reactor includes gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and may include other gases such as methane, hydrogen sulfide and nitrogen depending on the fuel source and gasification conditions.
- Figure 1 describes a possible embodiment of the invention.
- the composition comprising a plastic liquefaction oil (1) is first optionally pretreated in the pretreatment section (A) to be subjected to pretreatment (PTT) by (i) filtration, (ii) washing with water or a polar solvent immiscible with the composition, (iii) distillation, (iv) decantation, or (v) the combination of two, three or four of steps (i) to (iv).
- pretreatment PTT
- step b) of the invention (3) implementing step b) of the invention.
- the first effluent (4) leaving step b) and containing the modified composition can then be sent to an optional solids separation section (S1).
- the effluent (5) leaving the section (S1) or the first effluent (4) leaving the section (B) is then sent to a separation section (C) implementing step c) of the present invention , consisting of the washing step (c1), the separation step (c2) or the succession of steps (c2) and (c1).
- this section (C) implements step (c2), the separated phase (7) containing the basic compound can be returned to the treatment section (B).
- the second effluent (6) leaving the section (C) and containing the purified composition having a reduced heteroatom content can then be sent to an optional solid separation section (S2) or to an optional hydrotreatment section (HDT) or to an optional distillation section (D).
- the effluent (7) from the optional solid separation section (S2) or the effluent (8) from the optional hydrotreatment section (HDT) can be sent to the optional distillation section (D) to put into process carries out step d) and be separated into at least two fractions (9a) and (9b).
- One of the two fractions, preferably the heaviest fraction (9b) is then sent to the gasification unit (E) to carry out step e) and obtain a synthesis gas (10).
- the effluent (6) from section (C), the effluent (7) from the optional solid separation section (S2) or the effluent (8) from section (HDT) can be sent directly to the gasification section (E).
- the installation comprises sections (B), (S1), (C), (D) and (E).
- Example 1 Purification of a plastic pyrolysis oil in the presence of a strong base and water followed by washing with water
- a 1.5 L AISI-316L grade stainless steel autoclave equipped with mechanical stirring is loaded with HPP4 pyrolysis oil, a strong base in the form of NaOH and water, the strong base being solubilized in water before its introduction into the autoclave (table 2).
- the sum of the volume of pyrolysis oil and the volume of water introduced is approximately 600 mL at room temperature, without taking into account the possible effects of volume variation during their mixing.
- the autoclave is closed and the gaseous sky in the autoclave is flushed with nitrogen for 30 minutes.
- the autoclave is then heated under autogenous pressure with stirring at a speed of 400 to 1500 rpm at a temperature of 225°C for a period of 30 minutes, once the target temperature has been reached.
- the temperature rise speed is set at 30°C/10 minutes.
- the data in Table 3 show that the use of soda in the presence of water followed by washing makes it possible to significantly reduce the impurities initially contained in the pyrolysis oil as well as the sodium introduced by the soda treatment.
- the pyrolysis oil can then either be used as is, or optionally be dried on an adsorbent such as a molecular sieve or an anhydrous salt, for example Na2SO4, then is distilled under reduced pressure in order to eliminate any possible trace of solid, for example strong base, adsorbent residue, anhydrous/hydrated salt or gums.
- an adsorbent such as a molecular sieve or an anhydrous salt, for example Na2SO4
- Example 2 Mixture of the product from Example 1 with a petroleum product
- WR Volbroken Vacuum Residue
- the treatment process according to the invention of the HPP4 oil thus makes it possible to introduce it at a level of 10% by mass into a mixture with the WR, while satisfying the requirements required for the gasification stage and its downstream units.
- the heteroatom contents of the plastic liquefaction oil treated or depending on the volumes obtained we could consider treating it in a gasification stage alone or in mixture with other conventional fillers of petroleum origin.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2213552A FR3143623A1 (fr) | 2022-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Procede de traitement d’une composition d’huile de liquefaction de plastique par gazification |
| PCT/FR2023/052019 WO2024126961A1 (fr) | 2022-12-16 | 2023-12-15 | Procede de traitement d'une composition d'huile de liquefaction de plastique par gazification |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4634328A1 true EP4634328A1 (fr) | 2025-10-22 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23837754.3A Pending EP4634328A1 (fr) | 2022-12-16 | 2023-12-15 | Procede de traitement d'une composition d'huile de liquefaction de plastique par gazification |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4634328A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3143623A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024126961A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9162944B2 (en) * | 2013-04-06 | 2015-10-20 | Agilyx Corporation | Systems and methods for conditioning synthetic crude oil |
| FI128069B2 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2024-04-24 | Neste Oyj | Purification of recycled and renewable organic material |
| FI128848B (en) | 2019-11-29 | 2021-01-29 | Neste Oyj | Two-step process for converting liquid plastic waste into steam cracking feed |
| US20230407198A9 (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2023-12-21 | Eastman Chemical Company | Gasification of liquefied waste plastics |
| EP3907267A1 (fr) * | 2020-05-08 | 2021-11-10 | Basf Se | Procédé de purification d'une huile de pyrolyse brute provenant de la pyrolyse de déchets plastiques |
| FR3122432B1 (fr) * | 2021-05-03 | 2023-06-02 | Total Raffinage Chimie | Procédé de purification de charge hydrocarbonée en présence d’un solvant et utilisation |
-
2022
- 2022-12-16 FR FR2213552A patent/FR3143623A1/fr active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-12-15 EP EP23837754.3A patent/EP4634328A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-12-15 WO PCT/FR2023/052019 patent/WO2024126961A1/fr not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024126961A1 (fr) | 2024-06-20 |
| FR3143623A1 (fr) | 2024-06-21 |
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