Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
  • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
  • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D5/00—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems
  • F24D5/02—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems operating with discharge of hot air into the space or area to be heated
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H3/00—Air heaters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
  • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
  • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
  • H02S20/26—Building materials integrated with PV modules, e.g. façade elements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D5/00—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems
  • F24D5/005—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems combined with solar energy
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
  • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
  • F24F2005/0064—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground using solar energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal

Definitions

• the invention concerns a ventilation system of a building, especially a ventilation system for blocks of flats, wherein the blocks of flats are provided with a glazed balcony. More specifically, the invention is related to an improved ventilation system that for some particular conditions is configured for reducing energy consumption for heating a building structure.
• reducing energy consumption i.a. for heating building structures. The need is especially great for buildings constructed some decades ago wherein energy con- sumption at least in some areas was not an important issue, and wherein refreshment of air inside the building was prioritized over energy consumption for heating the air.
• a ventilation system of a building may be a so-called mechanical ventilation system con- figured for drawing outside air through one or more openings (valves) in the building structure by providing an underpressure inside the building and expel “used” air out of the building via a ventilation channel typically protruding through the roof of the building.
• a mechanical system continuously replaces heated inside air with cold outside air, and thus requires heating sources to provide a comfortable climate inside the building.
• building regulation in some countries requires a so-called balanced ventilation system provided with a heat-exchanging device for heating supply air by means of heat of the exhaust air.
• Publication WO2011062541A1 discloses a device for heating supply air for the ventilation of a room, which is supplied with supply air from a glazed balcony located adjacent to the room.
• the device comprises an outer balcony parapet, which is permeable to the heat radiation of the sun, and a heat-absorbing inner balcony parapet located inside the outer balcony parapet.
• the inner balcony parapet is adapted to be heated by the solar heat radiation that penetrates the outer parapet.
• the outer and inner balcony parapets define between them a substantially vertical air gap.
• a fan arrangement is adapted to force air present in the glazed balcony through the air gap from the lower part thereof to the up- per part thereof for heating of said air.
• Inner outlets are arranged in the upper part of the vertical air gap between the inner and outer balcony parapet.
• Publication CN104197558 discloses an integrated balcony solar heating device comprising a solar heat collector, a control system, a water tank, a connecting pipe for connecting the solar collector and the water tank.
• the solar heating device further comprises a solar greenhouse integrated with the outer wall of the balcony.
• the solar greenhouse extend- ing laterally from one side of the balcony to the other side.
• a heat collector is vertically disposed at a rear portion of the solar greenhouse, and the solar heating device further includes an insulated back plate detachably disposed at a rear portion of the solar green- house.
• Publication WO 2012/022877 A1 discloses a system for activating heat transfer from a solar extension of a building to at least one internal space to be heated of said building to ensure or complete the heating of the latter.
• the system comprises means for circulating air in a loop between said solar extension and the at least one internal space of the build- ing to be heated.
• Publication NO 20100475 A1 discloses a system for capturing and storing solar heat in buildings where stored warm air is heat exchanged with cold fresh air using a heat pump.
• Publication JPS5731735 A discloses a building utilizing an attic for preheating air utilizing solar radiation.
• a ventilation system for a building that utilizes radiation from the sun to reduce energy consumption for heating the building, wherein the system can be retro- fitted substantially without reconstruction of the building.
• the invention has for its object to remedy or to reduce at least one of the drawbacks of the prior art, or at least provide a useful alternative to prior art.
• the object is achieved through features, which are specified in the description below and in the claims that follow.
• the invention is defined by the independent patent claims.
• the dependent claims define advantageous embodiments of the invention.
• heated air within a glazed balcony is utilized as ventilation air.
• a ventilation system arranged in a building structure provided with a glazed balcony.
• the ventilation system comprises a pre-heating device configured for utilizing radiation from the sun to increase a tempera- ture of a ventilation supply air prior to entering a room of the building structure via an air supply channel extending between the glazed balcony and the room, wherein the pre- heating device comprises the interior space of the glazed balcony.
• the pre- heating device comprises the interior space of the glazed balcony.
• the invention is particularly advantageous during daytime on clear, chilly days during the win- ter season. Although having a best effect on a clear, sunny day, radiant heat from the sun will also have an effect on a cloudy day. During the night, there will not be any radiant heat. How- ever, the air inside the glazed balcony will for a period of time after sunset, be heated by infrared radiation from the mass inside the space of the glazed balcony that has absorbed radiant heat from the sun.
• the air supply channel com- prises at least one of: a heat exchanging element comprising a thermal energy storage medium for balancing a temperature of the ventilation air flowing from the interior space of the glazed balcony and through the air supply channel, wherein the thermal energy storage medium material is selected from at least one of a liquid and a solid substance; and a heating circuit operatively connected to an energy source.
• the thermal energy storage medium is preferably configured for so-called sensible heat storage, meaning that the temperature of the material is either increased or decreased by the air flowing through the air supply channel.
• the heat exchanging element of the air sup- ply channel may be provided with a plurality of spaced apart passages or ducts. A purpose of such ducts is to increase a contact area between the air flowing through the heat ex- changing element and the heat storage medium.
• an effect of providing the air supply channel with a heating circuit operatively connected to an energy source is that a tem- perature of the ventilation air flowing through the air supply channel may be increased, even if the temperature of any thermal energy storage medium that in one embodiment forms part of the air supply channel, is lower than the air entering the air supply channel from the interior space of the glazed balcony.
• the heating circuit may be an electric heating cable. Contrary to for example a heating circuit based on a fluid, which according to one embodiment of the invention is an alternative to an electric heating ca- ble, an electric heating cable does not require any pumps for circulating a heat carrying medium such as for example a liquid that may be pumped from a reservoir heated during daytime.
• any such electric cable may be operatively connected to a solar panel, preferably via a battery.
• a temperature of the ventilation air flowing through the air supply channel will in such a case be raised by means of an electric cable powered from a source of energy be- ing independently from the mains of the building structure.
• the battery may be arranged in the glazed balcony.
• the battery is integrated in a floor or in a wall of the balcony.
• the battery is arranged inside a room of the flat. Arranging the battery inside a room of the flat may be advantageous in that an oper- ating temperature of the battery is substantially constant.
• a capacity of the battery will substantially not be influenced by low outside air temperatures during the winter- time.
• the ventilation system is provided with a so- lar panel
• the solar panel is preferably integrated in the parapet of the glazed balcony. Integrating the solar panel in the parapet will have a positive effect on installation costs since the solar panel in such an embodiment forms part of the glazed balcony.
• the heating circuit comprises a fluid conduit
• a pump for circulating the fluid is preferably powered by energy harvested by the solar panel.
• a mechanical ventilation system is common for building structures erected some decades ago wherein requirements for heat insulation of the building structures was less stringent that present building regulations.
• a method for pre-heating a supply air for a ventilation system according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the method comprising flowing the ventilation supply air via the interior space of the glazed balcony prior to flowing into the room via the air supply channel provided with at least one of the heat exchanging element, and the heating circuit operatively connected to an energy source.
• Fig.1 is a perspective view showing a portion of a glazed balcony according to the invention, wherein a ventilation channel is arranged between the bal- cony and a room of a building structure;
• Fig.2 shows in larger scale an inlet portion of the air supply channel;
• Fig.3 shows an exploded view of one embodiment of the air supply channel pro- vided with an electric heating cable operatively connected to a solar panel;
• Fig.4a shows in a larger scale a cross-section through A-A from fig.3 of a first em- bodiment of a heat exchanging element that may form part of the air sup- ply channel;
• Fig.4b shows in a larger scale a cross-section through A-A from fig.3 of a second embodiment of a heat exchanging element that may form part of the air supply channel;
• Fig.5a and 5b show a perspective view of a portion of a façade
• reference numeral 1 denotes a ventilation system according to the present invention.
• the ventilation system 1 comprises a preheating device configured for utilizing radiation from the sun to increase a temperature of a ventilation supply air prior to enter- ing a room 5 of the building structure via an air supply channel 10 extending between a glazed balcony 3 and the room 5.
• the preheating device comprises the interior space of a glazed balcony 3 forming part of a building structure.
• the air supply channel 10 is arranged in a wall 4 between the glazed balcony 3 and the neighbouring room 5.
• the room 5 is in fluid communication with a me- chanical vent (not shown) providing a pressure differential between the space of the glazed balcony 3 and the room 5.
• a roof of the building structure is not shown in fig.1.
• the glazed balcony 3 is provided with slidable glass elements 31 arranged on top of a par- apet 33 of the balcony 3. Between neighbouring and partly overlapping slidable glass el- ements 31 there will be some clearance allowing outside air to pass into the space of the glazed balcony 3. Thus, air sucked from interior space within the glazed balcony 3 and into the room 5, will be replenished by said air passing through the clearances.
• a portion of the parapet 33 may additionally or alternatively be provided with for exam- ple a jalousie (not shown) for regulating the air flow into the glazed balcony 3.
• an optional solar panel 20 is arranged in a portion of the parapet 33.
• any battery for providing power to the heating cable 15 may be arranged within the space of the glazed balcony 3, or in a portion of an outer wall 51 of the building structure, preferably in a recess in a por- tion of the outer wall 51 defining a portion of the glazed balcony 3.
• Arranging the battery 22 in a recess is advantageous with respect to reducing any fire hazard that a battery may represent, especially when the recess is provided in a floor 35 or wall 51 made of con- crete or any other nonflammable material.
• a glazed balcony 3 at least the lowermost row of glass elements 31’ of the parapet 33, may be of a type that at least reduces the transparency from an outside of the glazed bal- cony 3.
• Fig.2 shows a portion of the air supply channel 10 protruding from the wall 4 into the space of the glazed balcony 3, i.e., the inlet of the air supply channel 10. Airflow from the space within the glazed balcony 3 is indicated by arrows F.
• Fig.3 is an exploded view of the air supply channel 10 particularly suitable for the present invention.
• the air supply channel 10 comprises an open-ended housing 12 configured for, in a position of use, receiving a heat exchanging element 14.
• the heat exchanging ele- ment 14 is configured for accepting, storing, and releasing thermal energy, depending on a temperature difference between air flowing through the heat exchanging element 14 comprising a thermal storage medium 14S, 14L.
• the thermal storage medium 14S and 14L will be discusses in relation to figures 4a and 4b, respectively.
• the open-ended housing 12 shown in fig.3 is preferably made of a heat insulating mate- rial, such as for example but not limited to, rock wool or polystyrene.
• One purpose of providing a plurality of spaced apart ducts 14’ is to facilitate heat transfer between the heat exchang- ing element 14 and the ventilation air flowing therethrough.
• Another purpose of the plu- rality of ducts 14’ is to facilitate placement of a heating cable 15 within the ducts 14’. By threading the heating cable 15 through at least some, but preferably through all ducts 14’ as shown, no further support for the heating cable within the heat exchanging element 14 may be required.
• the heating cable 15 is operatively connected to a battery 22 which is charged by means of the solar panel 20.
• the solar panel 20 is preferably arranged in a portion of the parapet 33 of the glazed balcony 3, as shown in figures 1, 5a and 5b.
• the battery 22 is preferably arranged in a recess, for example in a recess in the floor 35 of the glazed balcony 3, as discussed above.
• the heating cable 15 may be controlled between an operating condition and a non- operating condition by means of a switch 16.
• the switch 16 is typically arranged inside the room 5 shown in fig.1.
• the switch 16 may be a manually operated switch as indicated in fig.3.
• a control of the heating cable 15 between the operating condition and a non-operating condition may be automatic.
• the switching of the heating cable 15 between the operating condition and the non-operating condition may be operated by a control system configured for measuring a temperature of the ventilation air upstream of the inlet of the air supply channel 10 but within the glazed balcony 3.
• control system When a temperature of the ventilation air upstream of the inlet is be- low a predetermined level, the control system activates power supply to the heating ca- ble 15.
• control system is configured for measuring a temperature difference upstream and downstream of the air supply channel 10. When said temperature difference is greater than a predetermined value, and the temperature upstream of the air supply channel 10 is lower than temperature downstream of the air supply channel 10, the control system activates power supply to the heating cable 15.
• control system is configured for measuring a temperature difference between the thermal energy storage medium 14S, 14L forming part of the air supply channel 10, and a temperature downstream of the air supply channel 10.
• the heat exchanging element 14 comprises a casing 14C holding a liquid thermal energy storage medium 14L surrounding each of the duct 14’.
• the liquid may typically be water having a specific heat of around 4.2 KJ/(Kg K), or any other suitable liquid medium.
• Water used as the thermal energy storage medium 14L may comprise a preserving agent.
• a heat exchanging element 14 comprising the casing 14C holding a liquid thermal energy storage medium 14L, is typically provided with nozzles (not shown) for draining and filling the liquid.
• the ducts 14’ shown in figures 4a and 4b, may be straight between their inlets and out- lets. However, to increase a length of the ducts 14’ running through the heat exchanging element 14, the ducts 14’ may be non-straight.
• the heat exchanging element 14 comprising a liquid thermal energy storage medium 14L may comprise at least one duct 14’, but preferably two or more ducts 14’ running undulating or in spiral between their inlets and outlets.
• Fig.5a and 5b show a façade of the glazed balcony 3, wherein a lower portion of the par- apet 33 comprises a solar panel 20.
• the solar panel 20 is arranged along only a portion of the façade as also indicated in fig.1.
• the several solar panels 20 are interconnected and extend along the parapet 33 of the façade.
• the invention is particularly suitable for reducing energy consumption for heating building structures constructed some dec- ades ago and wherein the ventilation is based on mechanical ventilation.
• a preheating device that comprises the interior space of the glazed balcony
• a temperature of the ventilation air flowing into the air supply channel may be raised by means of heat from infrared radiation from the mass inside the space of the glazed balcony.
• a raised temperature of the ventilation air sucked into the room of the building structure will re- Jerusalem the energy needed for heating the room to a comfortable level.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=88695672

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Family Cites Families (11)

• 2022
  • 2022-10-19 NO NO20221117A patent/NO347490B1/en unknown
• 2023
  • 2023-10-03 EP EP23801028.4A patent/EP4605691A1/en active Pending
  • 2023-10-03 WO PCT/NO2023/060059 patent/WO2024085766A1/en active Application Filing

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