EP4605188A1 - System zur additiven fertigung von bauwerken oder bauteilen von bauwerken - Google Patents
System zur additiven fertigung von bauwerken oder bauteilen von bauwerkenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4605188A1 EP4605188A1 EP23790673.0A EP23790673A EP4605188A1 EP 4605188 A1 EP4605188 A1 EP 4605188A1 EP 23790673 A EP23790673 A EP 23790673A EP 4605188 A1 EP4605188 A1 EP 4605188A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mixing
- sensor
- pumping device
- building material
- control unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
- B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
- B28B17/0081—Process control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
- B28C7/02—Controlling the operation of the mixing
- B28C7/022—Controlling the operation of the mixing by measuring the consistency or composition of the mixture, e.g. with supply of a missing component
- B28C7/024—Controlling the operation of the mixing by measuring the consistency or composition of the mixture, e.g. with supply of a missing component by measuring properties of the mixture, e.g. moisture, electrical resistivity, density
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
- B28C7/02—Controlling the operation of the mixing
- B28C7/022—Controlling the operation of the mixing by measuring the consistency or composition of the mixture, e.g. with supply of a missing component
- B28C7/026—Controlling the operation of the mixing by measuring the consistency or composition of the mixture, e.g. with supply of a missing component by measuring data of the driving system, e.g. rotational speed, torque, consumed power
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
- E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
- E04G21/0418—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
- E04G21/0445—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms
- E04G21/0463—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms with boom control mechanisms, e.g. to automate concrete distribution
Definitions
- 3D printing processes or additive manufacturing processes are used to manufacture buildings or components of buildings (for example walls or formwork).
- the additive manufacturing of buildings or their components can significantly increase productivity in the construction industry.
- So-called 3D concrete printing enables buildings to be manufactured more quickly and at lower cost.
- concrete structures can be created quickly and inexpensively without formwork, while at the same time offering the greatest possible design freedom.
- 3D printing parameters such as viscosity, water content and temperature
- 3D printing parameters such as viscosity, water content and temperature
- These conventional methods include, for example, on-site sampling followed by laboratory analysis and sometimes also require sample preparation before examination.
- the result report is sent to the site for decision-making. If the properties of the print determined in this way do not meet the requirements, this may require the defects to be corrected, in particular at least partially destroying the already printed structure, which can lead to further problems such as cracks and inconsistencies in the print. In addition, this is a time-consuming and inefficient process at the same time as rapid industrial growth and increasing Demand for 3D printed houses. Therefore, reliable information on real-time properties of the applied building material is desirable for adequate quality control, robustness and cost reduction through accurate decisions, improved consistency and reduced material usage.
- the 3D concrete printing process is affected by different printing conditions or environmental conditions and the change of input parameters of printers and mixing machines, such as transport hose diameter and length, printing speed, layer time, layer height, layer width, extrusion.
- Printing rate, cuts, print size, machine type, pump motor power, material type are also variable parameters for which there is currently no range of values that can be used as a benchmark for quality assurance and control.
- EP 3 756 845 A1 discloses a system for implementing a manufacturing process of building elements comprising binders and aggregates, in which at least one sensor is provided which is designed to measure at least two physical properties of 3D printed wet mortar online on its way from the mixing device to an outlet, the physical properties comprising viscosity and at least one of flowability and density.
- a system for the additive manufacturing of buildings or components of buildings wherein a material dispensing unit is movable in several degrees of freedom in order to apply a mixed building material layer by layer into predetermined printing paths, at least comprising the material dispensing unit, a mixing and pumping device which is designed to mix the building material with supplied water and subsequently convey it from the mixing and pumping device to the material dispensing unit, at least one first sensor which is suitable for continuously measuring at least two first physical parameters of the mixed building material directly inline during the manufacturing process or which continuously measures at least two first physical parameters of the mixed building material directly inline during the manufacturing process, a control unit for controlling the manufacturing process, which is communicatively connected at least to the mixing and pumping device and the at least one first sensor, which at least measured first physical parameters of the at least one first sensor as input signals and which is further configured to continuously adapt and/or optimize the manufacturing process automatically in real time at least as a function of the first physical parameters of the at least one first sensor.
- the system according to the invention is provided with an integrated sensor system that is able to determine the physical properties of the building material used directly inline and to change input parameters of the printing process during operation. This further improves the print quality of additive manufacturing and significantly reduces the use of materials.
- the inline measurements in the system according to the invention which take place directly in the manufacturing process, significantly increase the measurement accuracy.
- measurements are not taken directly in the process, but rather in a branch built for this purpose (a "bypass"). This means that what is happening in the process is not recorded exactly.
- the invention can also solve the problem of inconsistency during printing by automatically adjusting the water flow rate and water content. This reduces the amount of manpower required to continuously make these adjustments and further maintains the quality of the printed samples.
- Continuous control of the printing process can reduce printing costs, waste, time loss and inefficiency and increase print quality.
- user-friendliness is increased for operators without previous experience with 3D concrete printing by quantifying print quality, i.e. sensor values can be relied upon to assess material properties without expert knowledge.
- By visualizing the sensor values errors can be more easily identified and assessed. For example, it can be concluded that not enough dry mortar is being pumped out of the corresponding container if the water flow rate is too low but the water content is within an acceptable range.
- the automatic control means that significantly less personnel is needed on site.
- safety is increased by the possibility of automatically shutting down the mixing and pumping device if, for example, too high a pressure is detected.
- the control unit can be housed as a sensor box in a separate housing and provided with a display device for visualization.
- the control unit can be designed as a programmable logic controller (PLC), for example. All sensors can be connected to the control unit either directly or via an IO-Link master.
- the displayed data can be connected to a controller for data processing and controlling the printing process.
- the measuring system (sensors) then carries out measurements on the fresh concrete and sends the data (real performance) to the controller.
- the control unit or controller then generates usable data from the measured values. Data (e.g. water content, flow, temperature, pressure and the like) and if the actual output of the printer corresponds to the expected target output (determined from preset values), no adjustments are made to the input and the printing process and it continues unchanged.
- Data e.g. water content, flow, temperature, pressure and the like
- the mixing and pumping device can also be designed in two parts, with a mixing device and a pumping device, or can be formed by two different systems.
- At least one physical characteristic of the production environment can be determined or measured, in particular e.g. online or inline by at least one second sensor, which can be communicatively connected to the control unit, preferably continuously during the production process, wherein the control unit receives the at least one physical characteristic of the production environment as an input signal and can further be configured to automatically continuously adapt and/or optimize the production process in real time depending on the at least one physical characteristic of the production environment.
- the at least one physical characteristic of the production environment can include an ambient temperature, an ambient humidity or a water flow, in particular upstream of the mixing and pumping device.
- the at least one physical characteristic of the production environment can also include a water temperature in the mixing device or a total amount of water used, in particular by the mixing device. Furthermore, a large number of other parameters/characteristics can be recorded, on the basis of which changes in the production process can be made. These include, for example, hose diameter, hose length, printing speed, layer time, layer height and width, extrusion rate of the print head, print size, mixing pump type, material type, nozzle shape, nozzle system and pump frequency.
- the at least one further physical parameter of the mixed building material can be a viscosity.
- the viscosity of the mixed building material can be determined from an electrical current required to drive a mixing and pumping device. This can be an online measurement of process properties.
- the at least one further sensor or one of the sensors in the mixing and pumping device can be used to measure the current consumption of the mixing spindle or the mixing motor or the actuator that drives the mixing and pumping device. Based on this measured current consumption, conclusions can be drawn about the viscosity of the building material or the mixed material (preferably consisting of water and dry material). The higher the measured current consumption, the higher the viscosity of the material (as the current consumption increases, the viscosity also increases, i.e. the material becomes more viscous and vice versa).
- the water inflow of the mixing and pumping device can be controlled such that the viscosity is kept within a certain value range, wherein preferably an upper and a lower limit value for the viscosity are provided.
- the control unit can be set up to compare the obtained physical parameters of the mixed building material with predetermined value ranges for the physical parameters of the mixed building material determined on the basis of a database, in particular as a function of the at least one physical parameter and preferably other input variables of the production process.
- the control unit can compare the obtained physical parameters of the building material with predetermined values from the database.
- the at least one physical parameter and/or other input variables of the production process are used to determine the comparison values from the database to be used here.
- the mixed building material can contain concrete, mortar, clay, loam or a thermoplastic. Of course, additives such as polymers, glass, steel or mineral fibers can also be added. With regard to the compositions of the building materials that can be used for 3D concrete printing, reference is also made to the EP 3 756 845 A1 and EP 3 823 801 B1 mentioned above.
- the at least one second sensor 8 can, as in the present exemplary embodiment, be arranged in the area or upstream of or in the mixing and pumping device 5 or, in further exemplary embodiments not shown, can be arranged on the control unit 7 or on a housing 7a of the control unit 7 or in other areas of the manufacturing environment.
- At least one further physical parameter of the mixed building material 4 can be determined or, in particular online or inline, measured by at least one further sensor 9 which is communicatively connected to the control unit 7 (indicated by arrows in the figure), preferably continuously during the production process, wherein the control unit 7 receives the at least one further physical parameter of the mixed building material 4 as an input signal and is further configured to automatically continuously adapt and/or optimize the production process in real time depending on the at least one further physical parameter of the mixed building material 4.
- the ratio between the water and dry material required for optimum viscosity is different, which is why a database for different materials can be available, which contains the corresponding upper and lower limits for the viscosity depending on the material. Highly precise viscosity control can thus be carried out by measuring the current consumption.
- the at least one physical characteristic of the production environment can also include a water temperature in the mixing and pumping device 5 or a total amount of water consumed, in particular by the mixing and pumping device 5.
- the control unit 7 can also be set up to adapt and/or optimize the production process if one or more of the obtained physical parameters of the mixed building material 4 are not within the specific predetermined value ranges.
- the use of threshold values or the like is also possible.
- the control unit 7 can be configured to continuously adapt and/or optimize the manufacturing process:
- the control unit 7 can be configured to leave the manufacturing process unchanged if the obtained physical parameters of the mixed building material 4 are within the certain predetermined value range.
- the control unit 7 can be configured to continuously adapt and/or optimize the manufacturing process automatically in real time by means of a synchronized feedback control.
- the at least two first physical parameters of the mixed building material 4 may include a water content, a pressure and/or a material temperature.
- the mixed building material 4 may comprise concrete, mortar, clay, loam or a thermoplastic material.
- the database 7b can be designed as a table or database in which the predetermined value ranges, which are determined in advance, preferably by means of big data learning, are stored as a function of the at least one physical parameter and preferably further input variables of the manufacturing process.
- control unit 7 can additionally be connected to a cloud 10 or a data storage unit 11 on which the measurement data obtained from the first, second and further sensors 6, 6a, 6b, 8, 9 are stored.
- control unit 7 and/or the cloud 10 and/or the data storage unit 11 can be accessed via a human-machine interface (HMI) or a web interface.
- HMI human-machine interface
- a simplified display unit of the system 1 is provided with the reference number 12.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022127879.4A DE102022127879A1 (de) | 2022-10-21 | 2022-10-21 | System zur additiven Fertigung von Bauwerken oder Bauteilen von Bauwerken |
| PCT/EP2023/078970 WO2024083908A1 (de) | 2022-10-21 | 2023-10-18 | System zur additiven fertigung von bauwerken oder bauteilen von bauwerken |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4605188A1 true EP4605188A1 (de) | 2025-08-27 |
Family
ID=88466539
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23790673.0A Pending EP4605188A1 (de) | 2022-10-21 | 2023-10-18 | System zur additiven fertigung von bauwerken oder bauteilen von bauwerken |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4605188A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022127879A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024083908A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022127879A1 (de) | 2022-10-21 | 2024-05-02 | Peri Se | System zur additiven Fertigung von Bauwerken oder Bauteilen von Bauwerken |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003095949A1 (de) * | 2002-05-08 | 2003-11-20 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Torsionschwingungs-tilger für einen messwandler vom vibrationstyp |
| GB2564083A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2019-01-09 | Koivuharju Arto | Construction module printing |
| IT201800007262A1 (it) | 2018-07-17 | 2020-01-17 | Miscela cementizia per stampante 3D e relativo uso in detta stampante | |
| WO2020180324A1 (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2020-09-10 | Icon Technology, Inc. | Systems and methods for the construction of structures |
| EP3708321A1 (de) * | 2019-03-15 | 2020-09-16 | Sika Technology Ag | Verfahren zum applizieren eines baustoffes |
| US12180117B2 (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2024-12-31 | Sika Technology Ag | Mineral binder composition for 3D printing |
| EP3756845A1 (de) | 2019-06-26 | 2020-12-30 | Saint-Gobain Weber | System zur herstellung von elementen auf mörtelbasis |
| DE102022127879A1 (de) | 2022-10-21 | 2024-05-02 | Peri Se | System zur additiven Fertigung von Bauwerken oder Bauteilen von Bauwerken |
-
2022
- 2022-10-21 DE DE102022127879.4A patent/DE102022127879A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-10-18 EP EP23790673.0A patent/EP4605188A1/de active Pending
- 2023-10-18 WO PCT/EP2023/078970 patent/WO2024083908A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102022127879A1 (de) | 2024-05-02 |
| WO2024083908A1 (de) | 2024-04-25 |
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