EP4599440A1 - Fahrzeug und verfahren zur bestimmung von charakteristischen lippenbewegungsmustern - Google Patents
Fahrzeug und verfahren zur bestimmung von charakteristischen lippenbewegungsmusternInfo
- Publication number
- EP4599440A1 EP4599440A1 EP24755234.2A EP24755234A EP4599440A1 EP 4599440 A1 EP4599440 A1 EP 4599440A1 EP 24755234 A EP24755234 A EP 24755234A EP 4599440 A1 EP4599440 A1 EP 4599440A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- singing
- vehicle
- song
- vocal
- vehicle occupant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
- G10L25/48—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 specially adapted for particular use
- G10L25/51—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 specially adapted for particular use for comparison or discrimination
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/08—Learning methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
- G06V40/16—Human faces, e.g. facial parts, sketches or expressions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/36—Accompaniment arrangements
- G10H1/361—Recording/reproducing of accompaniment for use with an external source, e.g. karaoke systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L15/00—Speech recognition
- G10L15/24—Speech recognition using non-acoustical features
- G10L15/25—Speech recognition using non-acoustical features using position of the lips, movement of the lips or face analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
- G10L21/003—Changing voice quality, e.g. pitch or formants
- G10L21/007—Changing voice quality, e.g. pitch or formants characterised by the process used
- G10L21/013—Adapting to target pitch
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
- G10L21/06—Transformation of speech into a non-audible representation, e.g. speech visualisation or speech processing for tactile aids
- G10L21/16—Transforming into a non-visible representation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a vehicle of the type defined in more detail in the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for determining characteristic lip movement patterns.
- a vehicle's infotainment system can play media content such as movies, series, music videos, audiobooks, podcasts, songs, and the like.
- the music played in the vehicle can inspire passengers to sing or hum along. This can be viewed both positively and negatively by individual vehicle occupants.
- US 2011/0251841 A1 also discloses the coordination and mixing of vocals recorded by geographically distant singers.
- This document describes an app that can be run on a mobile device such as a smartphone to provide a karaoke function. Songs can be listened to via the smartphone, with the lyrics and pitch information being displayed on the smartphone's screen. The app user can then sing along, and their vocals are recorded using the smartphone's integrated microphone. Data generated via the smartphone can be transmitted to a central server. Several geographically distant people can sing the same song. Recordings made by the different people can be mixed together by the server.
- the app or server also offers the functionality to perform automatic pitch correction, correcting the sound of off-key passages. Vocal performance can also be evaluated, and the best singers can be ranked.
- MIDI format Information can be exchanged between the respective devices, among other things, in so-called MIDI format.
- the app user must independently demonstrate the intention to perform karaoke. Operating the app requires a high level of cognitive effort and is therefore completely unsuitable for use by a person driving a vehicle.
- DE 102018214 976 A1 discloses a method for controlling a multimedia device and a computer program.
- a vehicle occupant's reaction to the playback of a multimedia piece in a vehicle is detected by sensors, and the subsequent playback of multimedia pieces is planned using a machine learning method.
- DE 102022 107293 A1 discloses an assistance system and an assistance method for a vehicle.
- a vehicle occupant's reaction to the output of a multimedia piece in a vehicle is detected by sensors, and a vehicle function is activated depending on the reaction.
- CN 1 08 346427 A discloses a method for voice recognition, as well as a device and storage medium suitable for this purpose. This involves comparing acoustically recorded speech with speech recorded by lip reading.
- the present invention is based on the object of providing an improved vehicle which is characterized by improved user interaction, in particular while driving.
- a generic vehicle comprising media playback means for outputting songs in the vehicle interior, comprises song determination means for detecting and recording the singing along of at least one vehicle occupant during the output of a song;
- Vocal analysis means for detecting deviations between the vehicle occupant's singing and the vocals contained in the song
- Vocal indication means which are designed to indicate to the vehicle occupant at least the deviations between the singing along and the singing and to record the singing along, to compensate for deviations in the singing along by means of an automatic pitch correction and to output the compensated singing along via the media playback means.
- the singing indication means are further configured to train a machine learning model with the singing behavior of a specific vehicle occupant, so that the machine learning model learns to predict deviations between the singing and the singing along for defined songs when the respective song is played in the vehicle interior before the vehicle occupant sings along to a respective passage of the song, and to determine pitch adjustments that can be used for automatic pitch correction by means of the trained machine learning model and to apply these.
- the vehicle according to the invention is thus able to react appropriately to a specific situation in which a vehicle occupant sings along during use of the vehicle.
- a vehicle occupant sings along during use of the vehicle.
- another source will inform the vehicle occupant that they may be singing out of tune. If other vehicle occupants have already pointed this out, but the singing vehicle occupant does not believe the other vehicle occupants, this can prevent an argument from arising, as the vehicle evaluates the singing along from a neutral point of view.
- a vehicle occupant is singing out of tune, it can also be automatically corrected by applying the aforementioned automatic pitch correction, also known as auto-tune.
- the vehicle's infotainment system for example the vehicle's infotainment system.
- the vehicle's radio is used as the audio source, a file stored on a storage medium such as a hard drive, an SSD, an SD card, or a USB drive.
- a sound file stored on a USB stick is read out, or music is obtained from a music streaming service.
- a song particularly favored by the driver is played, either accidentally or intentionally. Suddenly, the driver begins to sing along, even though this was not their intention.
- the vehicle is equipped with a corresponding number of vocal identification, vocal analysis, and vocal indication devices.
- the singing of a specific vehicle occupant could be evaluated, and the deviation of the singing from the singing in the vehicle could be displayed.
- Any display device in the vehicle could be used for this purpose, such as the instrument cluster display, the head unit display, a dedicated passenger display, a display integrated into a headrest, and the like. Having the other vehicle occupants follow the singing of the vehicle occupant can be entertaining and thus enhance the driving experience.
- the media playback means comprise at least acoustic output means such as sound transducers, in particular in the form of loudspeakers, and a corresponding processing unit for controlling the acoustic output means.
- the processing unit also requires a source of songs, for example in the form of said radio, in the form of a sound file read from a computer-readable storage medium, and/or in the form of an internet stream.
- the media playback means or the processing unit can also analyze the audio content to be output via the acoustic output means and determine underlying musical characteristics. However, these could also be explicitly present in a corresponding sound file, for example, determined by the respective distributor of the song. This could include, for example, the lyrics, the semantic content of the lyrics, the harmony, the melody, and/or the rhythm of at least a passage of the song, or preferably the entire song.
- Harmony, melody, and rhythm represent three fundamental systems for classifying music. Harmony describes the structure of pitches, i.e., the simultaneous sounding of several individual sounds. Melody describes the temporal arrangement or sequence of notes. Rhythm indicates the dynamics of music and can be further divided into bar, meter, and tempo.
- vocal characteristics corresponding to the corresponding musical characteristics can be identified, which allows a comparison by the vocal analysis tools.
- Singers identified by the vehicle can also be entered into a leaderboard, and their respective singing performances can be tracked.
- a leaderboard can be maintained locally in each vehicle, allowing the respective vehicle occupants to compete against each other within the vehicle.
- a corresponding leaderboard can also be maintained across the vehicles in a fleet, for example, managed by a central computing device external to the vehicle, such as a cloud server. This allows users of different vehicles to compete against each other in a singing competition. To do so, the respective vehicle users can log in to their vehicle with an individual user ID, for example, in the form of a user name and a secret password. This links the respective singing performances to the user ID and stores them accordingly with the central computing device external to the vehicle.
- the vehicle can have communication means such as a telecommunications unit.
- a respective computing unit of the vehicle can use the telecommunications unit to establish a wireless communication connection to the vehicle-external central computing device, for example, via mobile communications and/or Wi-Fi. This allows information to be exchanged with the Internet via mobile communications or via a Wi-Fi hotspot and then transmitted to the central computing device connected to the Internet.
- the vocal indication means are further configured to train a machine learning model with the vocal behavior of a specific vehicle occupant, so that the machine learning model learns to predict deviations between the vocals and the along-singing when the respective song is played in the vehicle interior before the vehicle occupant sings along to a respective passage of the song, and to determine and apply pitch adjustments usable for automatic pitch correction using the trained machine learning model.
- This increases the reliability in determining balanced along-singing.
- classic Auto-Tune methods are capable of performing automatic pitch correction almost in real time, this is still associated with a certain latency.
- the balanced along-singing played in the vehicle interior does not completely synchronize with the singing in terms of time.
- this disadvantage can be overcome with the help of the appropriately trained machine learning model.
- the corresponding machine learning model gradually learns the singing behavior of the respective vehicle occupant and can thus be enabled to predict song passages that are sung out of tune. This determines not only the overall off-key singing itself, but also the extent to which notes are not pitched correctly. Accordingly, the machine learning model is able to suggest a correction for the extent to which pitch correction is necessary. This allows the pitch to be corrected while the user is singing along, so that the balanced vocals can be played simultaneously with the singing in the vehicle interior. This further improves user interaction with the vehicle.
- temporally convolutional neural networks can be used in conjunction with short-term memories such as GRUs, also known as Gated Recurrent Units, or LSTMs, also known as Long Short-Term Memory.
- GRUs also known as Gated Recurrent Units
- LSTMs also known as Long Short-Term Memory.
- the vocal determination means comprise at least one microphone for detecting the acoustics in the vehicle interior and a computing unit for processing acoustic signals generated by the microphone, wherein the computing unit is configured to recognize vocal features in the acoustic signals, in particular in the form of the lyrics, the semantic content of the lyrics, the harmony, the melody and/or the rhythm of at least one passage of the song, and wherein the computing unit is further preferably configured to receive the song content from the media playback and subtract it from the acoustic signals. This enables acoustic detection of the singing along in the vehicle interior.
- the singing vehicle occupant can also be located within the vehicle interior. This makes it possible to determine which vehicle occupant is currently singing.
- a song is played in the vehicle interior via the media playback device.
- the song overlays the singing of the vehicle occupant(s). This can make it difficult to capture the singing acoustically.
- techniques known from so-called audio decomposition can be used.
- Techniques such as harmonic-percussive residual decomposition, melody-residual decomposition, transient-residual decomposition, robust principle component analysis and/or machine learning methods such as discriminators in the context of a generative adversarial network are used. This makes it possible to separate different sound sources from an audio signal. In this way, the singing along can be differentiated from the vocals contained in the song and the vocals of different vehicle occupants can be distinguished from one another.
- the computing unit obtains the song content, i.e. the sounds to be output via the vehicle's loudspeakers, directly from the media playback devices, so that the computing unit is reliably able to filter the song content from the acoustic signal recorded by the microphone(s).
- the singing determination means thus comprise at least one camera that captures at least the face of at least one vehicle occupant and a computing unit for processing camera images generated by the camera, wherein the computing unit is configured to recognize lip movements of the vehicle occupant in the camera images, to compare these with lip movement patterns characteristic of singing, and to recognize the singing by the vehicle occupant if the camera images contain at least one such characteristic lip movement pattern.
- the singing of a vehicle occupant can be determined not only acoustically but also visually.
- This way preferably no acoustic detection of the vehicle interior takes place, which improves data protection and thus the privacy of the vehicle occupants.
- the acoustic vehicle interior detection can be activated and the Vocal analysis and vocal indication devices can be controlled. This further reduces the driver's level of distraction, as no manual control actions are required. This further improves user interaction with the vehicle and also increases road safety due to the reduction in driver distraction.
- the lip movement patterns characteristic of singing can be stored in a database stored on a respective computing unit. Characteristic lip movement patterns can, for example, have been identified by a service provider or the vehicle manufacturer in previous measurement campaigns. Lip movements can be identified in the camera images using machine vision. Artificial intelligence-based methods, such as machine learning models, particularly in the form of artificial neural networks, can also be used for this purpose.
- the computing unit is further configured to recognize singing characteristics in the recorded lip movements by comparing them with the characteristic lip movement patterns, in particular in the form of the lyrics, the semantic content of the lyrics, the harmony, the melody and/or the rhythm of at least one passage of the song.
- the visual detection of the vehicle occupants not only generally allows the singing along to be recognized, but also the singing characteristics can be determined. This can support or replace the acoustic detection of the singing characteristics.
- the respective singing characteristics can be linked to the characteristic lip movement patterns. For this purpose, appropriate measurement campaigns can be carried out in order to establish a connection between singing characteristics and characteristic lip movement patterns.
- corresponding karaoke versions can be stored in a computer unit of the vehicle or, as needed, accessed via the Internet via a corresponding service provider.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle according to the invention further provides that the vocal indication means are further configured to control the media playback means to reduce the volume of the vocal track contained in the output song and/or to increase the volume of the balanced vocals.
- the computing unit can also be configured to reduce the volume of the vocal track contained in the song instead of a karaoke version of the respective song played in the vehicle interior and to instead play back the balanced vocals determined by the vocal indication means at a louder level. This makes it easier for the vehicle occupant(s) to perceive their own singing along. Since this is balanced singing along, this significantly increases the well-being of the respective vehicle occupants. The respective vehicle occupants thus perceive that they are hitting the notes of the vocals, which ultimately convinces them of their own singing abilities.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle according to the invention further provides that the vocal analysis means are further configured, upon detection of a temporal discrepancy between the singing and the singing along, to cause the output of at least one visual and/or at least one haptic indication in the vehicle interior at the exact time at which the singing requires the intervention of the vehicle occupant.
- This can improve the vehicle occupant's ability to sing in rhythm with the song. avoid the respective vehicle occupant singing a certain passage of a song too early or too late.
- methods and means are already known from the prior art, such as the temporal change of a color gradient of the displayed lyrics, whereby the border of the color gradient runs exactly with the song passage to be sung.
- haptic cues can be output, for example, by the actuators of a massage seat or by imparting vibrations to vehicle elements touched by the vehicle occupant, such as the steering wheel or a gearshift lever.
- the output of haptic cues is particularly subtle, as only the respective vehicle occupant notices the haptic cue. This makes it easier for them to sing along in time with the song without the other vehicle occupants noticing the assistance.
- a classification of the vocal mood also referred to as expression classification, can also be performed, whereby the most likely desired expression is assigned to a sequence. Based on this additional dimension, the evaluation It is possible to evaluate vocal elements that deviate from the target at a higher level of abstraction.
- a method for determining characteristic lip movement patterns comprises the following method steps:
- Figure 1 shows a vehicle 1 according to the invention, which is designed to detect singing along 6 of at least one vehicle occupant 4 to a song played in the vehicle interior and to react to it in a situation-specific manner.
- the vehicle 1 comprises media playback means 2 for outputting songs.
- the media playback means 2 comprise at least acoustic output means, for example in the form of loudspeakers 13, as well as a computing unit 9 for controlling the loudspeakers 13.
- the computing unit 9 can use different song sources, such as a radio (not shown in detail), a computer-readable storage medium to which the computing unit 9 has access, and/or an internet stream.
- a mobile device (not shown in detail), such as a smartphone, can also be coupled to the computing unit 9, for example wirelessly via Bluetooth, NFC, or Wi-Fi, or wired, for example via a USB cable or Ethernet cable, and a sound file stored on a computer-readable storage medium of the mobile device can be read out.
- Lip movement patterns can be compared by the computing unit 9 with known lip movement patterns that occur during singing, thereby identifying the singing along of the vehicle occupant 4.
- the characteristic lip movement patterns can also contain indications of singing characteristics, such as the lyrics, as well as the harmony, melody, and/or rhythm of the song.
- the computing unit 9 can read lips by processing the camera images and thereby determine the spoken lyrics. Through a semantic analysis of the lyrics, for example, with the help of natural language recognition models, the semantic content of the lyrics can also be determined.
- the vocal analysis means 5 can be implemented by program routines executed on the computing unit 9. By means of the vocal analysis means 5, deviations between the vocals 6 of the vehicle occupant 4 and the vocals contained in the song are detected. Furthermore, the vehicle 1 has vocal indication means 7, which are configured to display at least the deviations between the vocals 6 and the vocals to the vehicle occupant 4, to record the vocals 6, to compensate for deviations in the vocals 6 through automatic pitch correction, and to output the compensated vocals via the media playback means 2. Corresponding program routines for providing corresponding method steps can also be stored on the computing unit 9 and executed there accordingly. Furthermore, at least one display device 14 is part of the vocal indication means 7 in order to be able to display the corresponding deviations between the vocals 6 and the vocals.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Computational Linguistics (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
- Reverberation, Karaoke And Other Acoustics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023003866.0A DE102023003866B3 (de) | 2023-09-23 | 2023-09-23 | Fahrzeug und Verfahren zur Bestimmung von charakteristischen Lippenbewegungsmustern |
| PCT/EP2024/072556 WO2025061373A1 (de) | 2023-09-23 | 2024-08-09 | Fahrzeug und verfahren zur bestimmung von charakteristischen lippenbewegungsmustern |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4599440A1 true EP4599440A1 (de) | 2025-08-13 |
Family
ID=92409175
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24755234.2A Pending EP4599440A1 (de) | 2023-09-23 | 2024-08-09 | Fahrzeug und verfahren zur bestimmung von charakteristischen lippenbewegungsmustern |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4599440A1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20260057103A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN121866619A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023003866B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2025061373A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102024116504A1 (de) * | 2024-06-12 | 2025-12-18 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Karaokeendgerät |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10930256B2 (en) * | 2010-04-12 | 2021-02-23 | Smule, Inc. | Social music system and method with continuous, real-time pitch correction of vocal performance and dry vocal capture for subsequent re-rendering based on selectively applicable vocal effect(s) schedule(s) |
| WO2011130325A1 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2011-10-20 | Smule, Inc. | Continuous score-coded pitch correction and harmony generation techniques for geographically distributed glee club |
| DE102015014652B4 (de) | 2015-11-12 | 2023-05-17 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftfahrzeugs, bei welchem ein Text eines Musikstücks ausgegeben wird, und Kraftfahrzeug |
| US20190147841A1 (en) | 2017-11-13 | 2019-05-16 | Facebook, Inc. | Methods and systems for displaying a karaoke interface |
| CN108346427A (zh) | 2018-02-05 | 2018-07-31 | 广东小天才科技有限公司 | 一种语音识别方法、装置、设备及存储介质 |
| DE102018214976A1 (de) | 2018-09-04 | 2020-03-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Multimedia-Einrichtung sowie Computerprogramm und Einrichtung dazu |
| CN113270082A (zh) | 2020-02-14 | 2021-08-17 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | 一种车载ktv控制方法及装置、以及车载智能网联终端 |
| DE102022107293A1 (de) | 2022-03-28 | 2023-09-28 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Assistenzsystem und Assistenzverfahren für ein Fahrzeug |
-
2023
- 2023-09-23 DE DE102023003866.0A patent/DE102023003866B3/de active Active
-
2024
- 2024-08-09 CN CN202480059390.1A patent/CN121866619A/zh active Pending
- 2024-08-09 WO PCT/EP2024/072556 patent/WO2025061373A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-08-09 EP EP24755234.2A patent/EP4599440A1/de active Pending
- 2024-08-09 KR KR1020267008407A patent/KR20260057103A/ko active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2025061373A1 (de) | 2025-03-27 |
| CN121866619A (zh) | 2026-04-14 |
| KR20260057103A (ko) | 2026-04-27 |
| DE102023003866B3 (de) | 2025-02-06 |
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