EP4599297A1 - Axe horloger - Google Patents
Axe horlogerInfo
- Publication number
- EP4599297A1 EP4599297A1 EP23782978.3A EP23782978A EP4599297A1 EP 4599297 A1 EP4599297 A1 EP 4599297A1 EP 23782978 A EP23782978 A EP 23782978A EP 4599297 A1 EP4599297 A1 EP 4599297A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- axis
- watch
- driving
- assembly
- pivot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B13/00—Gearwork
- G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B15/00—Escapements
- G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B31/00—Bearings; Point suspensions or counter-point suspensions; Pivot bearings; Single parts therefor
- G04B31/02—Shock-damping bearings
- G04B31/04—Shock-damping bearings with jewel hole and cap jewel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B31/00—Bearings; Point suspensions or counter-point suspensions; Pivot bearings; Single parts therefor
- G04B31/06—Manufacture or mounting processes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
- G04B43/002—Component shock protection arrangements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a watch axis.
- the invention also relates to an element intended to be attached to a watch axis.
- the invention also relates to an assembly comprising such an axis and/or such an element.
- the invention also relates to an assembly comprising such an axis or such an element or such an assembly.
- the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising such an axis or such an element or such an assembly or such an assembly.
- the invention finally relates to a timepiece comprising such an axis or such an element or such an assembly or such an assembly or such a watch movement.
- Document CH702314 describes a specific pivot geometry, with a conical pivot which cooperates with a counter-pivot stone surface in the shape of an inverted pyramid.
- Document CH704770 describes different geometries of the end of a pivot which cooperates with a counter-pivot stone. In the vertical position of the movement, a portion of the cylindrical surface of the pivot is in contact with the internal surface of the bearing. In the horizontal position of the movement, the end of the pivot rests against the counter-pivot stone.
- Document CH704770 is particularly interested in the geometry of the end, proposing to misalign the point of support of the watch axis on the counter-pivot stone from the pivot axis.
- Document EP3258325 reveals a ceramic balance shaft.
- the tigeron and the pivot may be confused or not be demarcated by a clear border like a range.
- the tigeron and the pivot can for example be separated by a frustoconical surface or a surface with a curved generatrix.
- the axis includes a standard geometry at its middle part, with receiving portions for a plate (cylindrical portion), a balance wheel with a receiving plate forming a stop and a cylindrical portion and a ferrule not shown.
- the NIHS-34-01 standard describes standard balance axle geometries.
- the axis has several portions, in particular cylindrical portions, bearings perpendicular to the axis of symmetry forming stops, and frustoconical portions. These frustoconical portions are, however, not bearing or stopping surfaces, but entry chamfer surfaces to facilitate the assembly of the components attached to the axis and/or machining.
- the plate and the balance are driven into support on the flat or substantially flat surfaces of the plate.
- the pivots are described as being of cylindrical shape of diameter p, which are extended by a cone or by a surface of revolution evolving in an arc of a circle of radius r. A.
- Document CH327357 describes an axis geometry designed to facilitate the disassembly of the different elements.
- the axis includes a cylindrical receiving portion, with optionally a low-angle conical portion and/or a shoulder.
- the different elements are driven with corresponding bores on the cylindrical portions.
- Document CH715867 describes an axis geometry comprising several straight frustoconical sections. These parts are intended to facilitate the driving of the various elements attached to the axis (spring ferrule, balance wheel, plate) and/or the machining of the axis, but do not constitute support or stopping surfaces for the items reported. On the contrary, the ferrule and the plate rest on flat surfaces forming shoulders, i.e. forming flat bearings perpendicular to the axis of revolution of the axis.
- Document FR2268291 describes a balance axis geometry optimized for making the axis from drawn wires, without a surface for holding or supporting or stopping the balance or the plate.
- the illustrated professional dictionary of watchmaking indicates that a type of pivot is incorrectly described as “conical”. It should instead be called a no-reach pivot. It is formed by a cylindrical part connected by a fillet to the tigeron. It is part of a watch axis pressing its end against the face of a counter-pivot stone. The range being eliminated, the friction is reduced.
- the aim of the invention is to provide a watch axis remedying the problems mentioned above and making it possible to improve the watch axes known from the prior art.
- the invention proposes a watch axis whose mechanical resistance is improved.
- Watchmaking axis in particular axis for balance wheel 2 or axis for escape wheel or axis for anchor, comprising:
- Watch axis 1 having a surface of revolution around the first axis of rotation A1, whose generator G, in a plane P passing through the first axis of rotation A1, is curved, this surface of revolution extending at least at the level of the pivot, the pivot being defined as the zone of the watch axis 1 intended to come into contact with a pivot bearing 50, in particular with a pivot stone 50.
- Watch axis 1 according to proposition 1, characterized:
- the generator G comprises at all points a radius of curvature less than 2 mm, in particular less than 1.8 mm, and/or
- Watch axis 1 according to one of propositions 1 and 2, characterized in that the generator G presents, at the level of the pivot, a first portion 121 viewed convexly from the first axis of rotation A1.
- Watch axis 1 according to one of propositions 1 to 2, characterized in that the generator G presents, at the level of the pivot, a first portion 121 seen concave from the first axis of rotation A1.
- Watch axis 1 according to proposition 3 or 4 characterized in that the first portion 121 is a portion of a circle having a first radius of curvature R1.
- Watch axis 1 according to one of propositions 3 to 6, characterized in that the generator G presents a second portion 122 seen convexly from the first axis of rotation A1, the first and second portions being connected continuously, in particular in a manner continuous in tangency and/or continuously in curvature.
- Watch axis 1 according to proposition 7 characterized in that the second portion 122 is a portion of a circle having a second radius of curvature R2.
- Watch axis 1 according to one of propositions 1 to 8 characterized in that the generator G consists of a spline curve, or portions of spline curves connected continuously, in particular continuously in tangency and/or of continuously in curvature.
- Watch axis 1 according to one of propositions 1 to 9, characterized in that the watch axis has several surfaces of revolution and in that the surfaces of revolution of the watch axis 1 around the first axis of rotation A1 each have a generator which, in a plane P passing through the first axis of rotation A1, has a radius of curvature greater than 40 pm or 50 pm at any point of the generator.
- Watch axis 1 according to one of propositions 1 to 10 characterized in that the watch axis 1 is made of: - a technical ceramic, in particular zirconia or alumina, or
- a glass in particular a metallic glass, or
- Assembly 150 in particular assembled balance 150, comprising a watch axis 1 according to one of proposals 1 to 11.
- Set 100 including:
- pivot bearing 50 in particular a pivot stone 50.
- Assembly 100 characterized in that the pivot bearing 50 includes a pivot stone 50 comprising a hole 51 along a second axis of rotation A2 for the pivoting of the watch axis 1, the hole comprising:
- Assembly 100 characterized in that the second clearance zone 53 comprises a maximum diameter greater than twice or greater than four times or greater than six times the minimum diameter of the first pivoting zone 52.
- Watch movement 200 comprising a watch axis 1 according to one of propositions 1 to 1 1 and/or an assembly according to proposition 12 and/or an assembly according to one of propositions 13 to 15.
- Timepiece 300 in particular a wristwatch, comprising a watch movement 200 according to proposition 16 and/or a watch axis 1 according to one of propositions 1 to 1 1 and/or an assembly according to proposition 12 and/ or a set according to one of propositions 13 to 15.
- Watch axis 1 comprising a first portion 24 for driving out an element 2; 3; 4 along a driving axis A1, the watch axis 1 having a geometry: having a first frustoconical stop portion 21 arranged to stop an element 2; 3; 4 during its driving on the watch axis 1, the first stopping portion 21 having a half-angle at the top of between 30° and 60°, and such that the distance L measured along the driving axis A1 and separating the first driving portion 24 of the first stopping portion 21 is worth at least 0.05 mm, or even at least 0.1 mm.
- Watch axis 1 according to proposition 18, characterized in that the watch axis is an axis for balance wheel 2.
- Watch axis 1 according to one of propositions 18 and 19, characterized in that the first driving portion 24 and the first portion 21 of stop are separated by a separation portion 25 having a diameter less than that of the first driving portion 24.
- Watch axis 1 according to proposition 20 characterized in that the first driving portion 24 and the separation portion 25 are connected by one or more fillets and/or in that the first stop portion 21 and the separation portion 25 are connected by one or more fillets.
- Watchmaking axis 1 according to one of proposals 18 to 21, characterized in that the axis is made of:
- a glass in particular a metallic glass, or
- Watch axis 1 according to one of propositions 18 to 22, characterized in that the watch axis 1 has a geometry of revolution around the driving axis A1.
- Watch movement 200 including:
- Timepiece 300 in particular wristwatch, comprising:
- Assembly 150 in particular assembled balance 150, comprising:
- Assembly 150 according to proposition 32 characterized in that the first stop portion 21 is frustoconical and has for example a half-angle at the top of between 30° and 60° and/or in that the distance L measured according to driving axis A1 and separating the first driving portion 24 from the first stopping portion 21 is at least 0.05 mm, or even at least 0.1 mm.
- Assembly 150 according to proposition 32 or 33 characterized in that the watch axis is an axis for balance 2.
- Assembly 150 according to one of propositions 32 to 34 characterized in that the first driving portion 24 and the portion of separation 25 are connected by one or more fillets and/or in that the first stop portion 21 and the separation portion 25 are connected by one or more fillets.
- Assembly 150 according to one of proposals 32 to 35 characterized in that the watch axis 1 is made of:
- a glass in particular a metallic glass, or
- Assembly 150 according to one of propositions 32 to 36, characterized in that the watch axis 1 has a geometry of revolution around the driving axis A1.
- Assembly 150 according to one of propositions 32 to 39, characterized in that the second stop portion is frustoconical and has a half-angle at the top of between 30° and 60° and/or in that the distance L measured according to the driving axis A1 between the second driving portion 34 and the second stopping portion 31 is worth at least 0.05 mm, or even at least 0.1 mm.
- Assembly 150 according to one of propositions 32 to 40 characterized in that element 2; 3; 4 is a balance wheel 2 or a plate or a double plate 3 or a ferrule 4.
- Watch movement 200 comprising an assembly according to one of propositions 32 to 41. 43.
- Timepiece 300 in particular wristwatch, comprising:
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a timepiece according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is a partial detailed sectional view of the first embodiment at the level of a pivot.
- Figure 3 is a detailed partial sectional view of the first embodiment at the level of the assembly of a double-plateau on a watch axis.
- Figure 4 is a partial detailed sectional view of a second embodiment of a timepiece according to the invention at the level of the assembly of a double-plate on a watch axis.
- a first embodiment of a timepiece 300 is described below in detail with reference to Figures 1 to 3.
- the timepiece 300 is for example a watch, in particular a wristwatch.
- the 300 timepiece includes a movement watchmaker 200 intended to be mounted in a case or a timepiece box in order to protect it from the external environment.
- the watch movement 200 can be a mechanical movement, in particular an automatic movement, or even a hybrid movement.
- the movement may be an electronic movement.
- the watch movement 200 comprises an assembly 150 including:
- the watch movement 200 includes a set 100 including:
- pivot bearing 50 in particular a pivot stone 50.
- the pivot bearing 50 may comprise the pivot stone 50 and a counter-pivot stone 59. These pivot stones 50 and counter-pivot 59 may form part of a shock absorber system.
- the pivot stone 50 comprises a hole 51 along a second axis of rotation A2 for pivoting the watch axis 1.
- Hole 51 advantageously includes:
- a second clearance zone 53 extending from a first face 54 of the bearing, in particular of the pivot stone 50, to the first pivot zone 52, the face 54 being perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the second axis of rotation A2 and intended to be oriented towards the side of a body 15 of the watch axis 1, the first pivoting zone 52 and the second clearance zone 53 connecting to each other by a rounded connection 55.
- the first pivoting zone 52 is configured so as to have a minimum diameter distant from the two ends of the hole, in particular from the face 54 and from another face of the stone 50 opposite the face 54.
- the support zone of the watch axis 1 on the pivot stone 50 is not located on an edge of the hole 51.
- the counter-pivot stone 59 comprises a flat contact surface intended to cooperate with the end 13 of the watch axis 1.
- the second clearance zone 53 comprises a maximum diameter greater than twice or greater than four times or greater than six times the minimum diameter of the first pivoting zone 52.
- the assembly can be:
- an assembled anchor mobile comprising an anchor mobile axis.
- the element(s) can be:
- a tray 3 in particular a double tray, and/or
- ferrule 4 in particular a ferrule for a spiral spring.
- the watch axis 1 preferably comprises:
- the watch axis 1 having a surface of revolution around the first axis of rotation A1, the generatrix of which G, in a plane P passing through the first axis of rotation A1, is curved.
- This surface of revolution extends at least at the level of the pivot, the pivot being defined as the zone of the watch axis 1 intended to come into contact with a pivot stone 50.
- the watch axis 1 comprises a first portion 24 for driving out an element 2; 3; 4 along a driving axis A1, the watch axis 1 having a geometry: having a first frustoconical stop portion 21 arranged to stop an element 2; 3; 4 when it is driven onto the watch axis 1, the first stop portion 21 having a half-angle at the top (summit of the cone extending the frustoconical surface) of between 30° and 60°, and such that the distance L measured along the driving axis A1 between the first driving portion 24 and the first stopping portion 21, that is to say separating the first driving portion 24 of the first stopping portion 21, is worth at least 0.05 mm, or even at least 0.1 mm.
- the first axis of rotation A1 and the driving axis A1 coincide.
- the two axes have been shown combined and bearing the same reference A1.
- the first axis of rotation A1 and the second axis of rotation A2 also coincide.
- the axis 1 comprises, at each of its ends, a pivot 12. More preferably, each pivot 12 is connected to the body 15 via a tigeron 14.
- each end 13 of the watch axis 1, in particular intended to come into contact against a counter-pivot stone 59, is not part of a pivot 12.
- a counter-pivot stone 59 is intended to delimit the longitudinal movement of the watch axis 1, and not to allow the pivoting of the latter.
- the counter-pivot stone 59 therefore does not constitute a pivot stone.
- Each end 13 of watch axis 1 can be:
- the limit between the The end 13 and the pivot 12 is located at the places where the plane tangent to the surface of the watch axis 1 forms with the axis A1 an angle less than 10°.
- the limit between a connection zone and a pivot 12 is formed by a plane distant 150 pm or 210 pm or 250 pm from the end of the axis.
- connection zone includes a portion of surface of revolution (obtained by revolution of a portion 122 of the generating curve G).
- the work of the inventors shows, surprisingly, that the shape of the pivots must be rethought due to the nature of the material used.
- the rules resulting from experience and empirical developments on high hardness metal alloys do not necessarily apply to an axis made of high performance technical ceramic, such as in particular to an axis made of yttriated zirconia type 2YZ or 3YZ.
- This approach applies to the shape of the pivots, but also to the geometry of the central part 15 (or body 15) of axis 1 on which the different elements attached to the balance wheel are assembled.
- connection radii makes it possible to significantly reduce the stress levels in the ceramic material: on batches produced under equivalent conditions (parameters and machining conditions, manufacturing range), an increase in the breaking force of the axis loaded in 3-point bending (with the force fulcrum on the receiving zone of the balance) and a reduction in the number of broken axes during standardized shocks:
- the pivots which take up the forces exerted on the balance spring, are the most critical functional parts. As seen previously, the pivots cooperate with the bearings to ensure the most regular and efficient oscillation of the balance spring, minimizing friction losses (the same goes for the rotation of the escape wheel or the back and forth of the 'anchor). Friction losses, and consequently the precision of the watch, will be all the better as the diameter at the level of the pivots is small. On the other hand, a small diameter leads to low mechanical resistance, and therefore high sensitivity to shocks.
- the deformation behavior shows a domain of plastic deformation: an impact can cause irreversible deformation, which leads to a lack of concentricity of the axis and a deterioration of chronometric performance.
- a ceramic axis will not (or very little) deform plastically, and too much deformation will cause the axis to break and the watch to stop. There is therefore a compromise to be found between the precision of the watch (smallest possible diameter) and the mechanical resistance of the axis (highest possible diameter). Obtaining a functional ceramic axis resistant to the demands of the watch in demanding conditions is therefore a real challenge.
- first parts 13 ends of the watch axis 1 ensure contact with the counter-pivot stone 59. These contacts occur for example in horizontal positions of the movement (axis of rotation of the axis parallel to Earth's gravity).
- the second parts 12 ensure contact of the axis 1 with the pivot stones 50, on which the surfaces of the pivots come to rest, in particular in vertical and inclined positions of the movement.
- the pivots each include a first portion of surface of revolution (obtained by revolution of a first portion 121 of generating curve G) which is, as mentioned previously, intended to come into contact with a pivot stone 50.
- Axis 1 further comprises at least one connection zone comprising a second portion of surface of revolution (obtained by revolution of a second portion 122 of the generating curve G).
- Each connection zone makes it possible to connect a pivot to a tigeron 14 or directly to the body 15 of axis 1 in the absence of a tigeron. The studies carried out show that these connection zones are important for mechanical strength.
- the axial sections (relative to the axis A1) of the first surface portion are rectilinear: the first surface portions are cylindrical or frustoconical.
- This geometry is largely due to the machining method used to make the pivots, and in particular rolling, which does not allow any freedom to produce varied shapes.
- the use of laser machining makes it possible to produce first parts of surfaces with axial sections (relative to axis A1) of the first portion of surface which are non-rectilinear.
- the generator G comprises at all points a radius of curvature less than 2 mm, in particular less than 1.8 mm.
- the diameter of the cross section of the surface of revolution increases continuously as one moves away from the proximal end 13 of the watch axis 1 and as we approach the distal end of the watch axis 1.
- the proximal end of the axis is the end 13 of the watch axis 1 which is located closest to the surface of revolution (along the axis A1).
- the distal end of the axis is the end 13 of the watch axis 1 which is furthest from the surface of revolution (along the axis A1).
- the generator G has a decreasing radius of curvature as one moves away from the proximal end 13 of the watch axis 1 and as we approach the distal end of watch axis 1 (along axis A1).
- the generator G can present, at the level of the pivot, a first portion 121 seen concave from the first axis of rotation A1.
- the first portion is located between the tangents to the first portion and the axis A1.
- the second derivative of the first portion 121 relative to the axis A1 as we move away from the proximal end of the watch axis 1 and as we approach the distal end of the watch axis 1 is strictly negative.
- R is therefore the radius of the cross section (perpendicular to the axis A1) located at the distance d from the proximal end 13 of the watch axis 1. It is interesting to note that with such a dimensioning, the pivot could be longer without increasing the maximum stress. This would allow the pivot to flex more and limit axial movement.
- the first portion 121 can be a portion of a circle or an arc of a circle having a first radius of curvature R1.
- the generator G advantageously has a second portion 122 viewed convexly from the first axis of rotation A1.
- the tangents to the second portion are found between the second portion and axis A1.
- the second derivative of the second portion 122 relative to the axis A1 as one moves away from the proximal end of the watch axis 1 and as one approaches the distal end of the watch axis 1 is strictly positive.
- the first and second portions are connected continuously (same radius R at the connection of the first and second portions), in particular continuously in tangency (same tangent at the connection of the first and second portions) and/ or continuously in curvature (same curvature at the connection of the first and second portions).
- the second portion 122 can be a portion of a circle or an arc of a circle having a second radius of curvature R2.
- the generator G can be constituted by a spline curve, or by portions of spline curves connected in such a manner. continuous, in particular continuously in tangency and/or continuously in curvature.
- the tests carried out by the inventors show a very clear improvement compared to the traditional geometry, which is formed of a frustoconical pivot connected to a tigeron by an arcuate fillet.
- the stress reduction is estimated at 10% by the simulation, with comparable axial play of watch axis 1 in the pivot stones.
- the central part (or body 15) of the watch axis 1, i.e. the part 1 1 including in particular the rods and the plate or seat which accommodates the hub of the balance wheel, the ferrule of the hairspring, and/or the single or double chainring also has potential areas of weakness, particularly if the axle is made of ceramic material. It turns out that the traditional elements of the construction of a balance axis, such as the bearings, or the abrupt changes in dimension, affect the resistance of the axis when it is made of ceramic material. Certain characteristics, which are not a problem with a high-performance metal alloy, turn out to be critical points of weakness with an engineered ceramic. ZI
- a first solution to limit the stresses and increase the resistance of the axis between the pivots is to use a conical bearing surface for some of the elements assembled on the axis, as illustrated below in a non-limiting manner to the example of a double tray.
- the double plate has a bore with entry chamfers on either side which facilitate its machining and assembly by driving onto the axis.
- the double plate is driven out to rest on a bearing provided on the watch axis 1, and the chamfer does not cooperate with the axis: there remains a space between:
- connection radius on the axis between the receiving part and the span is
- the double plate 3 includes a frustoconical bearing surface 31 which is more extensive than a simple chamfer or a simple brought down edge.
- This surface 31 comes into direct support on a corresponding frustoconical surface 21 produced on the watch axis 1.
- the angle of the two corresponding surfaces is identical or comparable, in order to obtain controlled positioning of the assembled component on the watch axis 1.
- Producing a support on a cone also makes it possible to have a better hold of the double-plate during shocks, which tend to cause a relative movement of the watch axis 1 and the double-plate 3 relative to the driving axis A1, in particular around the driving axis A1.
- the dimension of the frustoconical bearing surface 31 must be adapted to the resistance of the material of the double plate, because a reduction in the width of the frustoconical bearing surface 31 increases the risk of caulking of the material of the double plate during shocks. This dimension of frustoconical support surface 31 is estimated at:
- the frustoconical bearing surface 31 on the double-plate should not be less than that guaranteeing the absence of caulking or low caulking of the assembled component (for example of the double-plateau) during the axial shocks.
- the chosen value results from an arbitration between two antagonistic requirements.
- a transition in shape or a change in diameter as gradual as possible therefore an angle as small as possible between the axis of revolution and the frustoconical surface.
- an angle between the axis of symmetry and the frustoconical surface ⁇ 45° makes it possible to significantly reduce the stresses in the axis during radial shocks.
- the largest possible angle is required to guarantee good positioning on the axis after driving.
- the compromise adopted is an angle of 45° (half angle at the top of the cone formed by the frustoconical section).
- a minimum angle of 30° (half angle at the top of the cone) makes it possible to obtain good positioning while avoiding too marked a transition in diameter on the axis, which would impair the reinforcement of the axis and the reduction of constraints and would reduce the gain compared to a standard geometry.
- the other requirement is less critical and will depend on the elastic resistance of the material of the assembled component and the precision of the relative positioning of the different elements (for example, precise chamfers on the assembled component). It appears that an angle of 60° may still be suitable. In conclusion, the ideal angle seems to be 45° (half angle at the top of the cone), with an allowable range of 30° to 60° (half angle at the top of the cone).
- This type of cone support should be distinguished from “Morse cone” type clamping or couplings (or fitting cones) or “ISO cones” which are used in other fields. In these cases the taper of the axis is low, of the order of 3° and less for a “Morse cone”.
- a second solution to limit the constraints is to move the receiving or driving portion 24 away from the element, for example the double plate, from the support portion or stop 21.
- the element When mounting the element 3 on the watch axis 1, the element is driven along the axis A1 on the watch axis 1, in particular on the driving portion 24, and the element 3 is stopped axially relative to the watch axis 1 when it comes to rest against the support or stopping portion 21 of the watch axis 1.
- Element 3 therefore includes:
- the driving zone is placed as close as possible to the seat, to facilitate machining and assembly of components, as well as to improve the mechanical strength of the axis.
- the optimized geometry in fact seeks to distance the receiving portion of the component 24 from the support portion 21 by providing a zone of reduced section 25 between the receiving portion 24 and the support portion 21, which avoids any contact and tightening of the watch axis 1 near the support portion 21.
- This makes it possible to avoid the superposition of the constraints linked to the driving out of the element and constraints linked to the variation in section induced by the presence of the support zone 21.
- This solution is a priori counterintuitive: in fact, the measurements show that the resistance of the watch axis 1 alone is reduced with this optimized geometry as represented in Figure 3.
- the element-axis assembly is significantly less fragile and more resistant, particularly to shocks, than an element-axis assembly known from the prior art.
- the impact of the central geometry of the axis was characterized on batches of five components at the level of the double-plate support.
- a version with optimized geometry according to the second aspect of the invention was compared to a standard or traditional version (with span perpendicular to the axis A1 and adjacent to the driving portion of the double plate). This characterization is carried out by a 3-point bending test, with a force recovery at each pivot and a force applied at the receiving portion of the balance, on an assembled sprung balance.
- the breaking force is 17.3 ⁇ 1.2 N for the standard version and 18.9 ⁇ 0.6 N for the optimized version, a statistically significant difference of 10%.
- This gain is comparable to that expected from numerical simulations, and allows additional operating safety and improved shock resistance of the ceramic balance shaft.
- a gain of the same order of magnitude is also observed for the average drop height causing breakage of the balance shaft at its central part (severe ram impact test). It is very likely that systematic optimization will make it possible to further improve the gain obtained.
- the purpose of the separation portion between the receiving portion 24 and the support portion 21 is to remove the stress zones generated on the one hand by the driving, and on the other hand by the variations in cross section, in particularly when the watch axis 1 undergoes bending deformation.
- Simulations were carried out to estimate the minimum dimension L of the separation zone.
- L 0.02 mm between the receiving portion 24 and the support portion 21
- the stress fields are combined.
- a separation occurs for a distance of 0.05 mm, with a stress value reduced by 5%.
- the separation is well marked for a distance of 0.1 mm, with a stress value reduced by 10% compared to a distance of 0.02 mm.
- a groove 25 or a separation portion 25 having a diameter less than that of the first driving portion 24 and making it possible to separate the first driving portion 24 and the first stopping portion 21, is therefore very beneficial, and manifests itself in the simulated case for a distance of 50 pm already, more particularly 100 pm.
- This separation is achieved by a groove made on the axis. Depth does not seem to be an influential parameter according to the simulations carried out.
- the groove depth is for example 7 pm (difference in radius of 7 pm between the groove 25 and the portion 24).
- a difference in radius between the bore 34 of the driven element 3 and the bottom of the groove can be of the order of 4 pm.
- the driving portion 24 and the separation portion 25 are connected by one or more fillets and/or the first stopping portion 21 and the separation portion 25 are connected by one or more fillets.
- the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment by the geometries of the watch axis 1 and of the element 3 making it possible to separate the portions generating constraints on the watch axis 1.
- Element 3 includes:
- the second frustoconical stop portion 31 arranged to stop the element 3 when it is driven onto a watch axis 1.
- the second stopping portion has a half-angle at the top of between 30° and 60° and the distance L measured along the driving axis A1 and separating the second driving portion 34 from the second stopping portion 31 is worth at least 0.05 mm, or even at least 0.1 mm.
- the element 3 preferably comprises a recess 35 between the second driving portion 34 and the second stopping portion 31 as shown in Figure 4.
- a conical bored portion can be carried out to connect portions 31 and 34.
- the watch axis 1 is advantageously produced in:
- a glass in particular a metallic glass, or
- a composite material in particular a composite material comprising a ceramic filler in a metal matrix.
- the watch axis 1 advantageously has a geometry of revolution around the driving or rotation axis A1.
- the stopping and/or driving portions may not be circular.
- the transverse dimension, in particular the diameter, of the driving portion can be between 0.2 mm and 1 mm, or even between 0.2 mm and the maximum diameter of the watch axis reduced by the width of the span 21.
- the driving portion and/or the receiving portion are of cylindrical geometry, in particular with a constant or substantially constant diameter.
- the driving portion 24 is greater than 0.1 mm or 0.1 times, or even 0.25 times, the driving diameter, and/or
- the driving portion 34 is greater than 0.1 mm or 0.1 times, or even 0.25 times, the driving diameter.
- the driving portion 34 is not linear (annular). This contact does not have the shape of a curve, but of a surface. The same applies to the shape of the driving portions 24 and 34.
- the stop portions 21, 31 are conical or frustoconical. Alternatively, whatever the embodiment or variant, the stop portions 21, 31 can be flat.
- Document EP3258325A1 describes a watch axis, and in particular a balance axis, made of naturally paramagnetic ceramic material.
- the advantage of ceramic is that the pivots are not marked during significant shocks, unlike metal alloy pivots which can deform plastically.
- the work of the applicant for application EP3258325A1 has shown that ceramic axles do not wear out in operation, probably thanks to its high hardness, which makes it possible to maintain performance over time, unlike most paramagnetic metal alloys.
- the term “fill” means, in a part of any shape, a rounding connecting two surfaces, for example two cylindrical surfaces of different diameters.
- What watchmakers called the cone of a conical pivot is in reality often a fillet connecting the pivot to the rest of the watch axis.
- scope means any surface of a watch axis not parallel to the longitudinal direction of this watch axis and making it possible to stop an element attached to the watch axis. Except for geometric precision, “scope” means a flat surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the watch axis.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22199410 | 2022-10-03 | ||
| PCT/EP2023/077365 WO2024074517A1 (fr) | 2022-10-03 | 2023-10-03 | Axe horloger |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4599297A1 true EP4599297A1 (fr) | 2025-08-13 |
Family
ID=83558277
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23782978.3A Pending EP4599297A1 (fr) | 2022-10-03 | 2023-10-03 | Axe horloger |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4599297A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025533082A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120266066A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024074517A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH327357A (fr) | 1955-04-13 | 1958-01-31 | Leon Joriot Camille | Mécanisme d'horlogerie |
| CH1675373A4 (fr) * | 1973-11-29 | 1976-11-15 | ||
| CH575612B5 (fr) | 1974-04-18 | 1976-05-14 | Portescap | |
| CH702314B1 (fr) | 2007-02-16 | 2011-06-15 | Patek Philippe Sa Geneve | Palier pour pièce d'horlogerie. |
| CH704770B1 (fr) | 2011-04-06 | 2013-09-13 | Manuf Et Fabrique De Montres Et Chronometres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle Sa | Pivot pour composant horloger et composant horloger le comportant. |
| EP3106928A1 (fr) * | 2015-06-16 | 2016-12-21 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | Procédé de fabrication comportant une étape de décolletage modifiée |
| EP3258325B1 (fr) | 2016-06-13 | 2019-10-30 | Rolex Sa | Axe horloger |
| EP3594757B1 (fr) | 2018-07-10 | 2021-05-26 | Blancpain SA | Composant d'horlogerie avec partie arbree amagnetique en ceramique |
| CH715867B1 (fr) | 2019-02-19 | 2025-01-15 | Ronda Ag | Dispositif pour détecter une position angulaire de référence d'un organe rotatif dans un mouvement horloger |
| WO2021032552A1 (fr) | 2019-08-19 | 2021-02-25 | Rolex Sa | Procédé de fabrication d'un palier horloger |
-
2023
- 2023-10-03 CN CN202380080235.3A patent/CN120266066A/zh active Pending
- 2023-10-03 WO PCT/EP2023/077365 patent/WO2024074517A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-10-03 EP EP23782978.3A patent/EP4599297A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-10-03 JP JP2025519188A patent/JP2025533082A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2025533082A (ja) | 2025-10-03 |
| WO2024074517A1 (fr) | 2024-04-11 |
| CN120266066A (zh) | 2025-07-04 |
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