EP4577441A1 - Verfahren zur diagnose und überwachung für fahrzeuge - Google Patents
Verfahren zur diagnose und überwachung für fahrzeugeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4577441A1 EP4577441A1 EP23797676.6A EP23797676A EP4577441A1 EP 4577441 A1 EP4577441 A1 EP 4577441A1 EP 23797676 A EP23797676 A EP 23797676A EP 4577441 A1 EP4577441 A1 EP 4577441A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- airborne sound
- sound signal
- acoustic
- vehicle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
- B61L15/0081—On-board diagnosis or maintenance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4445—Classification of defects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4454—Signal recognition, e.g. specific values or portions, signal events, signatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4481—Neural networks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/449—Statistical methods not provided for in G01N29/4409, e.g. averaging, smoothing and interpolation
Definitions
- Vehicles especially rail vehicles, must have a high level of driving safety.
- An accurate assessment and prediction of the technical conditions of vehicles and vehicle components is therefore important.
- effective and efficient maintenance and servicing of the vehicles and vehicle components is important.
- Interval-based service is intended to keep the probability of failure as low as possible. However, this often means that service is carried out that is not actually necessary. In order to keep life cycle costs as low as possible without increasing the risk of failures and operational disruptions, diagnostic and monitoring systems are sometimes used. These also form the basis for condition-based maintenance.
- the object is achieved according to the invention at least in part by a method having the features of claim 1 .
- the object is also achieved according to the invention at least in part by a system having the features of claim 15 and by a vehicle having the features of claim 16 .
- Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims, in the description or in the figures, whereby further features described or shown in the subclaims or in the description or in the figures may, individually or in any combination, constitute an object of the invention, unless the context clearly indicates the opposite.
- the method described here is used to monitor a vehicle, such as a rail vehicle in particular, for damage that occurs and also to diagnose damage that does occur. This makes it possible to adhere to service intervals and to avoid or at least reduce unnecessary service units or maintenance activities. At the same time, availability and reliability can be increased.
- the method relates in particular to damage to the chassis and thus fundamentally to the drive system of the vehicle. According to the invention, it is possible to detect a large number of to monitor various components or to diagnose their damage.
- the method comprises at least the following method steps.
- At least one sensor can be connected to a first wheel set bearing housing or a first wheel set guide device.
- the sensor can be arranged, for example, on an outside or inside of the first wheel set bearing housing.
- At least one sensor has a digitization unit.
- This measure allows digitization of measurement signals to be carried out directly by means of the first sensor, whereby analog signals do not have to be transmitted to the computing unit, but rather digital signals are transmitted.
- the acoustic signal is digitized regardless of the location of the digitization, so that a digitization unit can also be a unit connected to the sensor.
- the method described here further comprises the further method step c), namely carrying out at least one step selected from a diagnosis and a monitoring of at least one vehicle component based on at least one feature determined in method step b).
- Status information can be issued accordingly. For example, a message can be issued when an error is detected. More precise information can also be given about which component the error relates to or what type of error is present. A prioritization note can also be issued accordingly, which provides or makes it possible to obtain information about whether the error is safety-critical or whether operation is possible at least for a limited time and/or distance. In the event that no error state was detected, a message can be issued that error-free operation is possible.
- the classifier comprises at least one artificial neural network.
- using an artificial neural network can be used to effectively train the system, thus ensuring that any errors that occur are reliably detected.
- method step a) can be carried out using at least two acoustic sensors. This measure allows measurement signals from the first sensor and the second sensor to be evaluated in combination, thereby improving evaluation accuracy and reliability.
- the use of two or more acoustic sensors can also allow the direction and/or distance of the sound source relative to the sensors to be determined. This allows not only the type of faulty component but also its precise position to be determined. The diagnosis can therefore be carried out even more precisely.
- the device described here is thus designed in particular to carry out a method as described above. This can be done in a manner understandable to the person skilled in the art by implementing appropriate software on the computing unit or a memory thereof. be feasible.
- the computing unit can preferably have a classifier for this purpose. This essentially results in the advantages described above. This makes it possible to reliably detect and diagnose fault conditions in the vehicle. This makes it possible to reliably monitor and diagnose fault conditions.
- a vehicle in particular a rail vehicle, which is characterized in that the vehicle comprises a previously described system for carrying out at least one step selected from a diagnosis and monitoring for vehicles.
- FIG. 1 A schematic floor plan of a section of an exemplary chassis of a rail vehicle with acoustic sensors arranged in a chassis space of an exemplary first embodiment of a device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 A schematic plan view of a section of an exemplary chassis of a rail vehicle with acoustic sensors arranged on the chassis outer sides of an exemplary second embodiment of a device according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 A schematic side view of a section of an exemplary rail vehicle with acoustic sensors arranged on the underside of a car body of an exemplary third embodiment of a device according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 A flow chart for an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention including the use of a trained classifier.
- the first sensor 1 is connected to a first longitudinal member 14 of a chassis frame 16 of the chassis, the second sensor 2 to a second longitudinal member 15 of the chassis frame 16, the third sensor 3 to a first wheelset bearing housing 17 of the chassis, the fourth sensor 4 to a second wheelset bearing housing 18 of the chassis, the fifth sensor 5 to a first swing arm 19 of a first wheelset guide device 21 of the chassis, the sixth sensor 6 to a second swing arm 20 of a second wheelset guide device 22 of the chassis, the seventh sensor 7 to a motor housing of a motor 23 of the chassis and the eighth sensor 8 to a gearbox housing of a gearbox 24 of the chassis.
- the first wheelset 12 is coupled to the chassis frame 16 via the first wheelset bearing housing 17, a first primary spring 26 and the first wheelset guide device 21 as well as a second wheelset bearing, the second wheelset bearing housing 18, a second primary spring 27 and the second wheelset guide device 22.
- Digitization unit 36 the seventh sensor 7 a seventh digitization unit 37 and the eighth sensor 8 an eighth digitization unit 38 in which a digitization 39 of acoustic measuring signals is carried out.
- the first sensor 1 is arranged in the acoustic near field of the first wheel 10, the second sensor 2 in the acoustic near field of the second wheel 11. Wheel noises are recorded using the first sensor 1 and the second sensor 2 in order to detect wheel polygons, flat spots, etc.
- the third sensor 3 and the fifth sensor 5 are arranged in the acoustic near field of the first wheelset bearing and the first primary spring 26, the fourth sensor 4 and the sixth sensor 6 in the acoustic near field of the second wheelset bearing and the second primary spring 27.
- the first digitization unit 31, the second digitization unit 32, the third digitization unit 33, the fourth digitization unit 34, the fifth digitization unit 35, the sixth digitization unit 36, the seventh digitization unit 37 and the eighth digitization unit 38 have antennas (not shown in Fig. 1) by means of which measurement signals recorded by the first sensor 1, the second sensor 2, the third sensor 3, the fourth sensor 4, the fifth sensor 5, the sixth sensor 6, the seventh sensor 7 and the eighth sensor 8 are transmitted to a computing unit 40 (also not shown in Fig. 1).
- the first sensor 1, the second sensor 2, the third sensor 3, the fourth sensor 4, the fifth sensor 5, the sixth sensor 6, the seventh sensor 7 and the eighth sensor 8 are supplied with electricity via batteries not visible in Fig. 1.
- the computing unit 40 and the data transmission unit 42 are powered by a power supply device of the rail vehicle (not shown in Fig. 1) or can also be supplied with energy in another way, for example battery-based.
- an evaluation of the digitized measurement signals is carried out, as described in connection with Fig. 4. Result data from this evaluation are transmitted via the cable to the data transmission unit 42 and from there sent via radio to a maintenance facility not shown in Fig. 1, i.e. to an infrastructure facility outside the rail vehicle.
- a schematic floor plan of a section of an exemplary chassis of a rail vehicle with acoustic sensors arranged on the chassis outer sides of an exemplary second embodiment of a device according to the invention for diagnosis and monitoring for the rail vehicle is disclosed.
- a first sensor 1 and a second sensor 2 are provided on an outer side of a chassis frame 16, which are designed as microphones and thus as acoustic sensors.
- the first sensor 1 is connected laterally to a first longitudinal beam 14 of the chassis frame 16 via a first digitization unit 31, the second Sensor 2 is connected laterally to the first longitudinal member 14 via a second digitization unit 32.
- the first longitudinal member 14 is connected via a cross member 43 to a second longitudinal member (not shown in Fig. 2) which is arranged opposite the first longitudinal member 14.
- a first wheelset 12 and a second wheelset 13 are coupled to the chassis frame 16 via a first wheelset bearing 44 and a second wheelset bearing 45 and, not shown in Fig. 2, via a third wheelset bearing and a fourth wheelset bearing.
- a first primary spring 26, a second primary spring 27 and, not shown in Fig. 2 a third primary spring and a fourth primary spring are provided between the chassis frame 16 on the one hand and the first wheelset 12 and the second wheelset 13 on the other hand.
- a first secondary spring 46 and a second secondary spring 47 are arranged between the chassis frame 16 and a car body 41 of the rail vehicle (not shown in Fig. 2 not shown second secondary springs, which are connected to the cross member 43, are arranged.
- a chassis space 9 is provided between the first longitudinal member 14 and the second longitudinal member.
- no sensors are provided in the chassis space 9.
- the first sensor 1 detects noises from the first wheelset bearing 44 and the first primary spring 26, and the second sensor 2 detects noises from the second wheelset bearing 45 and the second primary spring 27, synchronously with the first sensor 1. This allows bearing and spring damage to be detected and spring parameters to be identified.
- First measuring signals of the first sensor 1 and second measuring signals of the second sensor 2 are stored in a housing 41 arranged computing unit 40, as disclosed for example in Fig. 3 for an exemplary third embodiment of a device according to the invention.
- a phase relationship between the first measurement signals and the second measurement signals is taken into account, whereby noise events such as driving over rail joints can be recognized and categorized.
- the first sensor 1 and the second sensor 2 are designed, for example, in the same way as those sensors which are described in connection with Fig. 1.
- the computing unit 40 is, as described in connection with Fig. 1 for an exemplary first embodiment of a device according to the invention, connected to a data transmission unit 42 which is arranged in the car body 41 and via which diagnostic and monitoring data formed from the first measurement signals and the second measurement signals are sent to an infrastructure facility outside the rail vehicle.
- Fig. 3 a schematic side view, greatly simplified compared to Fig. 1, of a section of an exemplary rail vehicle with a chassis and with acoustic sensors arranged underfloor on the underside of a car body 41 of an exemplary third embodiment of a device according to the invention is shown.
- the chassis has a chassis frame 16 which is coupled to the car body 41 via a first secondary spring 46 and a second secondary spring not shown in Fig. 3.
- the chassis frame 16 is connected to axle bearings not shown in Fig. 3. Wheel set guiding devices and primary springs, a first wheel set 12 and a second wheel set 13 are coupled.
- a first sensor 1 and a second sensor 2 are provided, which are designed as acoustic sensors and are arranged so as to protrude from above into a space between wheels of the first wheel set 12 and the second wheel set 13 of the chassis or between two longitudinal members of the chassis frame 16, i.e. into a chassis intermediate space 9.
- the chassis intermediate space 9 is limited at the top by upper wheel limits and at the bottom by lower wheel limits.
- first sensor 1 and the second sensor 2 are provided in the region of the chassis frame 16, for example in recesses in the chassis frame 16, and the chassis space 9 is limited at the top by an upper edge of the chassis frame and at the bottom by a lower edge of the chassis frame.
- the first sensor 1 is arranged in the region of a first wheel-rail contact of the first wheel set 12, the second sensor 2 in the region of a second wheel-rail contact of the second wheel set 13.
- wheel noises are recorded synchronously by the first sensor 1 as first measurement signals and by the second sensor 2 as second measurement signals, digitized by means of a first digitization unit 31 of the first sensor 1 and a second digitization unit 32 of the second sensor 2 and then transmitted to a computing unit 40 arranged in the car body 41.
- the first digitization unit 31 and the second digitization unit 32 are designed as analog-digital converters.
- training data (training and validation data) is collected on the basis of which the detection/classification method is designed and optimized. The resulting method can then be used in the application phase 58 for detection/classification.
- data collection 66 takes place first.
- This is carried out according to the invention by method step a) and thus by receiving an acoustic airborne sound signal by at least one acoustic sensor (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8).
- the microphones or acoustic sensors provided, i.e. in particular the first sensor 1, the second sensor 2, the third sensor 3, the fourth sensor 4, the fifth sensor 5, the sixth sensor 6, the seventh sensor 7 and the eighth sensor 8, are used.
- a feature extraction 67 takes place, wherein in this step according to method step b) at least one feature is determined from the airborne sound signal.
- the feature is in particular a so-called feature known from speech recognition.
- an application 68 of the classifier can be carried out, whereby the data from the validation 65 or from the validated classifier are also incorporated into the application 68 of the classifier.
- a condition diagnosis 69 can be made.
- Such a condition diagnosis 69 comprises, according to method step c), carrying out at least one step selected from a diagnosis and a monitoring of at least one vehicle component based on at least one feature determined in method step b).
- the monitoring and diagnosis of a component in the non-limiting embodiment described here are solved by means of a feature-based classification approach that is based on the analysis of airborne sound recordings.
- the features used correspond to the state of the art for tasks in the areas of speech recognition, speaker recognition and the classification of acoustic scenes.
- the so-called Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) are extracted from airborne sound recordings.
- the MFCCs enable a compact representation of the spectrum of a signal by combining the cepstrum of a signal with an approximately logarithmic scaling of the frequency axis.
- the cepstrum of a signal is obtained by applying the inverse Fourier transform for discrete-time signals to the logarithm of the discrete-time Fourier transform of the signal.
- the signal is first divided into individual windows by windowing. An N-valued discrete Fourier transform is then performed for each of these windows. The power magnitude spectrum is then filtered with a Mel filter bank consisting of overlapping triangular filters. Finally, the MFCCs are generated by the inverse discrete cosine transform of the logarithm of the filter bank energies. The features obtained in this way are then used to train an artificial neural network that acts as a classifier.
- the classifier comprises, for example and in no way restrictively, at least one neural network, such as a fully-connected feed-forward multi-layer perceptron (MLP).
- MLP feed-forward multi-layer perceptron
- the MLP consists of an input layer, two hidden layers and an output layer.
- the width of the input layer and the output layer are fixed, for example by the number of features used and the number of classes.
- the width of the hidden layers can be freely selected.
- the first and second hidden layers are each followed by a freely selectable activation function.
- the output layer is followed by a softmax function.
- the network parameters are optimized by backpropagating an error to be minimized in a supervised learning process. This is done using a gradient descent method such as the Adam optimization algorithm.
- the cross-entropy loss serves as the error or cost function.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Probability & Statistics with Applications (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022213559.8A DE102022213559A1 (de) | 2022-12-13 | 2022-12-13 | Verfahren zur Diagnose und Überwachung für Fahrzeuge |
| PCT/EP2023/078723 WO2024125854A1 (de) | 2022-12-13 | 2023-10-17 | Verfahren zur diagnose und überwachung für fahrzeuge |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4577441A1 true EP4577441A1 (de) | 2025-07-02 |
Family
ID=88584986
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23797676.6A Pending EP4577441A1 (de) | 2022-12-13 | 2023-10-17 | Verfahren zur diagnose und überwachung für fahrzeuge |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4577441A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022213559A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024125854A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT413973B (de) | 2003-01-14 | 2006-07-15 | Joanneum Res Forschungsgesells | Verfahren und einrichtung zur überwachung der zugvollständigkeit |
| KR101768145B1 (ko) | 2016-04-21 | 2017-08-14 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 음향 추적 정보 제공 방법, 차량용 음향 추적 장치, 및 이를 포함하는 차량 |
| US10141009B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 | 2018-11-27 | Pindrop Security, Inc. | System and method for cluster-based audio event detection |
| AT523862B1 (de) | 2020-05-27 | 2022-06-15 | Siemens Mobility Austria Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Diagnose und Überwachung für Fahrzeuge |
| DE102020116507B4 (de) | 2020-06-23 | 2025-07-17 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Ermittlung einer Zielgröße, Sensoranordnung und Fahrzeug |
-
2022
- 2022-12-13 DE DE102022213559.8A patent/DE102022213559A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2023
- 2023-10-17 WO PCT/EP2023/078723 patent/WO2024125854A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-10-17 EP EP23797676.6A patent/EP4577441A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102022213559A1 (de) | 2024-06-13 |
| WO2024125854A1 (de) | 2024-06-20 |
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