Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
  • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
  • C07K16/2866—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against receptors for cytokines, lymphokines, interferons
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
  • C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/40—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by post-translational modification
  • C07K2317/41—Glycosylation, sialylation, or fucosylation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
  • C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
  • C07K2317/565—Complementarity determining region [CDR]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
  • C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
  • C07K2317/732—Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity [ADCC]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
  • C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
  • C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
  • C07K2317/94—Stability, e.g. half-life, pH, temperature or enzyme-resistance

Definitions

• This invention relates to isolated anti-chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8 (CCR8) monoclonal antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof, nucleic acids and expression vectors encoding the antibodies, recombinant cells containing the vectors, and compositions comprising the antibodies. Methods of making the antibodies, and methods of using the antibodies to treat diseases including cancer and/or associated complications are also provided.
• C-C motif CCR8
• CCR8 is a chemokine receptor mediating cell migration under CCL1 or CCL18 gradient (Islam et al., JEM 210(10):1889-1898 (2013)). Recently, CCR8 was identified as a highly specific cell-surface marker of tumor infiltrating regulatory T cells (TITRs) in human cancers with considerably higher expression in Tregs residing within tumors as compared to Tregs in circulation, and no or very low expression on other T-cell population (cytotoxic T- cells or effector T-cells, respectively). Furthermore, CCR8 is predominantly expressed on high immunosuppressive Tregs that expressed FoxP3high, CD25high, TIGIT+, LAG3+ and release high IL-10 and TGF- ⁇ .
• TITRs tumor infiltrating regulatory T cells
• CCR8+Tregs would decrease immunosuppressives cytokines and modulate a pro-tumoral microenvironment to restore anti-tumor immunity.
• CCR8+ Treg numbers correlated with more advanced stages of the disease and decreased probably of overall survival. Therefore, CCR8 is an ideal target for cancer immunotherapies to treat and potentially cure CCR8-positive cancers.
• PATENT ATTORNEY DOCKET NO.: 148640-004502 [0005] Aspects of the invention described herein relate to humanized antibodies directed against CCR8, mutants thereof and variants thereof and the use thereof for the treatment of diseases such as cancer.
• the invention provides an isolated monoclonal antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a HCVR comprising a HCVR CDR1 sequence having the amino acid sequence GFRFNTNA (SEQ ID NO: 10), a HCVR CDR2 sequence having the amino acid sequence IRSKSNSYATYY (SEQ ID NO: 11), and a HCVR CDR3 sequence having the amino acid sequence TRGSEQQYYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 19); and, a LCVR, comprising a LCVR CDR1 sequence having the amino acid sequence QSLLHSNGNTY (SEQ ID NO: 13), a LCVR CDR2 sequence having the amino acid sequence YRMSNR (SEQ ID NO: 14), and a LCVR CDR3 sequence having the amino acid sequence MQHLEYPFT (SEQ ID NO: 15), wherein the antibody of antigen-binding fragment thereof specifically binds CCR8.
• a LCVR comprising a HCVR CDR1 sequence having the amino acid sequence
• the antibody comprises a HCVR of SEQ ID NO:36 and a LCVR of SEQ ID NO:32.
• the antibody is Ab001_M4 and comprises the heavy chain of SEQ ID NO:6 and the light chain of SEQ ID NO:2.
• the invention provides an isolated monoclonal antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof including: a HC comprising sequences having at least 80% identity to SEQ ID NO:6 and the antigen binding specificity thereof; and a LC, comprising sequences having at least 80% identity to SEQ ID NO:2 and the antigen binding specificity thereof.
• the invention provides an isolated monoclonal antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising (a) a HCVR comprising a HCVR CDR1 sequence having the amino acid sequence GFRFNTNA (SEQ ID NO: 10), a HCVR CDR2 sequence having the amino acid sequence IRSKSNSYATYY (SEQ ID NO: 11), and a HCVR CDR3 sequence having the amino acid sequence TRGSEQNYYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 16); and a LCVR comprising a LCVR CDR1 sequence having the amino acid sequence QSLLHSNGNTY (SEQ ID NO: 13), a LCVR CDR2 sequence having the amino acid sequence YRMSNR (SEQ ID NO: 14), and a LCVR CDR3 sequence having the amino acid sequence MQHLEYPFT (SEQ ID NO: 15); or (b) a HCVR comprising a HCVR CDR1 sequence having the amino acid sequence GFRFNTNA (SEQ ID NO: 10), a HCVR
• the antibody comprises (a) a HCVR of SEQ ID NO:33 and a LCVR of SEQ ID NO:32, (b) a HCVR of SEQ ID NO:34 and PATENT ATTORNEY DOCKET NO.: 148640-004502 a LCVR of SEQ ID NO:32, (c) a HCVR of SEQ ID NO:35 and a LCVR of SEQ ID NO:32, (d) a HCVR of SEQ ID NO:37 and a LCVR of SEQ ID NO:32, (e) a HCVR of SEQ ID NO:38 and a LCVR of SEQ ID NO:32, or (f) a HCVR of SEQ ID NO:39 and a LCVR of SEQ ID NO:32.
• the antibody is (a) Ab001_M1 and comprises the heavy chain of SEQ ID NO:3 and the light chain of SEQ ID NO:2, (b) Ab001_M2 and comprises the heavy chain of SEQ ID NO:4 and the light chain of SEQ ID NO:2, (c) Ab001_M3 and comprises the heavy chain of SEQ ID NO:5 and the light chain of SEQ ID NO:2, (d) Ab001_M5 and comprises the heavy chain of SEQ ID NO:7 and the light chain of SEQ ID NO:2, (e) Ab001_M6 and comprises the heavy chain of SEQ ID NO:8 and the light chain of SEQ ID NO:2, or (f) Ab001_M7 and comprises the heavy chain of SEQ ID NO:9 and the light chain of SEQ ID NO:2.
• the invention provides an isolated monoclonal antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof including: (a) a HC comprising sequences having at least 80% identity to SEQ ID NO:3 and the antigen binding specificity thereof; and a LC, comprising sequences having at least 80% identity to SEQ ID NO:2 and the antigen binding specificity thereof; (b) a HC comprising sequences having at least 80% identity to SEQ ID NO:4 and the antigen binding specificity thereof; and a LC, comprising sequences having at least 80% identity to SEQ ID NO:2 and the antigen binding specificity thereof; (c) a HC comprising sequences having at least 80% identity to SEQ ID NO:5 and the antigen binding specificity thereof; and a LC, comprising sequences having at least 80% identity to SEQ ID NO:2 and the antigen binding specificity thereof; (d) a HC comprising sequences having at least 80% identity to SEQ ID NO:7 and the antigen binding specificity
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:33 and/or the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:34 and/or the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:35 and/or the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32
• PATENT ATTORNEY DOCKET NO.: 148640-004502 the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:37 and/or the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:38 and/or the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:39 and/or the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32.
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:33 and the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:34 and the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:35 and the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:37 and the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:38 and the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:39 and the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32.
• the invention provides an isolated monoclonal antibody including: (a) a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO:3 and a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO:2; (b) a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO:4 and a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO:2; (c) a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO:5 and a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO:2; (d) a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO:7 and a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO:2; (e) a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO:8 and a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO:2; (f) a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO:9 and a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO:2, wherein the antibody specifically binds CCR8.
• the antibody is a humanized antibody.
• the antigen- binding fragment thereof is a Fab, Fab’, F (ab’) 2 , F d , single chain Fv or scFv, disulfide linked F v, V-NAR domain, IgNar, intrabody, IgGACH 2, minibody, F (ab’) 3, tetrabody, triabody, diabody, single-domain antibody, DVD-Ig, Fcab, mAb 2, (scFv) 2, or scFv-Fc.
• the monoclonal antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof binds human CCR8 with a K d of less than about 25 nM, 20 nM, 15 nM, 10 nM, 5 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 0.5 nM or 0.01nM.
• the antibody induces antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).
• the antibody has an afucosylation level of at least 50%. In various aspect, the antibody has an afucosylation level of at least 85%.
• the invention provides a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof including administering to the subject an effective amount of any one of the isolated monoclonal antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein, thereby treating cancer in the subject.
• the invention provides a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of at least one isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof as provided herein.
• the method comprises administering the antibody having a HCVR comprising a CDR1 sequence having the amino acid sequence GFRFNTNA (SEQ ID NO: 10), a HCVR CDR2 sequence having the amino acid sequence IRSKSNSYATYY (SEQ ID NO: 11), and a HCVR CDR3 sequence having the amino acid sequence TRGSEQQYYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 19); and, a LCVR, comprising a LCVR CDR1 sequence having the amino acid sequence QSLLHSNGNTY (SEQ ID NO: 13), a LCVR CDR2 sequence having the amino acid sequence YRMSNR (SEQ ID NO: 14), and a LCVR CDR3 sequence having the amino acid sequence MQHLEYPFT (SEQ ID NO: 15), thereby treating cancer in the subject.
• a LCVR comprising a CDR1 sequence having the amino acid sequence GFRFNTNA (SEQ ID NO: 10), a HCVR CDR2 sequence having the amino acid sequence IRSKSNSYA
• the antibody comprises a HCVR of SEQ ID NO:36 and a LCVR of SEQ ID NO:32.
• the antibody is Ab001_M4 and comprises the heavy chain of SEQ ID NO:6 and the light chain of SEQ ID NO:2.
• the cancer is a hematological cancer
• the hematological cancer is selected from the group consisting of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, AIDS-related lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, Sézary syndrome, cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), and multiple myeloma.
• ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• AML acute myeloid leukemia
• chronic lymphocytic leukemia chronic myelogenous leukemia
• hairy cell leukemia AIDS-related lymphoma
• the method further includes administering to the patient a chemotherapeutic agent, an anti-angiogenesis agent, a growth inhibitory agent, an immune-oncology agent, a checkpoint inhibitor, and/or an anti-neoplastic composition.
• a chemotherapeutic agent an anti-angiogenesis agent, a growth inhibitory agent, an immune-oncology agent, a checkpoint inhibitor, and/or an anti-neoplastic composition.
• the invention provides a polynucleotide encoding the heavy chain or the light chain or the antigen-binding portion thereof of any one of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein.
• the invention provides a vector including the polynucleotide described herein, wherein the vector is an expression vector selected from the group consisting PATENT ATTORNEY DOCKET NO.: 148640-004502 of a mammalian expression vector, a yeast expression vector, an insect expression vector, and a bacterial expression vector.
• FIGURE 1 is a graph illustrating the ADCC potency of antibodies having various levels of afucosylation.
• FIGURES 2A-2C illustrate the deamination of Ab001_Wt antibody.
• FIGURE 2A illustrates binding assay results with CHO-hCCR8 cells.
• FIGURE 2B illustrates ADCC reporter assay results.
• FIGURE 4C is a table showing the EC50 calculated in FIGURES 4A and 4B.
• FIGURES 5A-5C illustrate ADCC reporter assay results obtained with CHO.hCCR8 as target cells for Ab001_M1-M4 as compared to Ab001_Wt.
• FIGURE 5A illustrates ADCC reporter assay results for Ab001_M1 and Ab001_M2, as compared to Ab001_Wt.
• FIGURE 5B illustrates ADCC reporter assay results for Ab001_M3 and Ab001_M4, as compared to Ab001_Wt.
• FIGURE 5C is a table showing the EC50 calculated in FIGURES 5A and 5B.
• a concentration range of 1% to 10% (w/v) includes 0.9% (w/v) to 11% (w/v).
• the use of a numerical range expressly includes all possible subranges, all individual numerical values within that range, including integers within such ranges and fractions of the values unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. [0030] Unless otherwise indicated, the term “at least” preceding a series of elements is to be understood to refer to every element in the series. Those skilled in the art will recognize or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the invention.
• compositions comprising, “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having,” “contains” or “containing,” or any other variation thereof, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers and are intended to be non-exclusive or open-ended.
• a composition, a mixture, a process, a method, an article, or an apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but can include other elements not PATENT ATTORNEY DOCKET NO.: 148640-004502 expressly listed or inherent to such composition, mixture, process, method, article, or apparatus.
• a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).
• the conjunctive term “and/or” between multiple recited elements is understood as encompassing both individual and combined options. For instance, where two elements are conjoined by “and/or,” a first option refers to the applicability of the first element without the second. A second option refers to the applicability of the second element without the first.
• a third option refers to the applicability of the first and second elements together. Any one of these options is understood to fall within the meaning, and therefore satisfy the requirement of the term “and/or” as used herein. Concurrent applicability of more than one of the options is also understood to fall within the meaning, and therefore satisfy the requirement of the term “and/or.” [0033] As used herein, the term “consists of,” or variations such as “consist of” or “consisting of,” as used throughout the specification and claims, indicate the inclusion of any recited integer or group of integers, but that no additional integer or group of integers can be added to the specified method, structure, or composition.
• the present invention is based on the recognition of liabilities within an anti-CCR8 antibody disclosed in International Publication WO 2023/020621, in particular the antibody defined as H11-10 having a heavy chain of SEQ ID NO:1 and a light chain of SEQ ID NO:2.
• the monoclonal antibodies to be used in accordance with the present invention may be made by the hybridoma method first described by Kohler et al., Nature, 256:495 (1975), or may be made by recombinant DNA methods (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.4,816,567).
• the “monoclonal antibodies” may also be isolated from phage antibody libraries using the techniques described in Clackson et al., Nature, 352:624-628 (1991) and Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol., 222:581-597 (1991), for example.
• IC 50 refers to the half maximal inhibitory concentration of a monoclonal or bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention. IC50 is a measure of the potency of the monoclonal or bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention for inhibiting the binding of CCL1 to CCR8 or inhibiting the function of CCR8 in a cell.
• the monoclonal antibody or antigen- binding fragment thereof or the bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof has a KD of less than about 10 -7 M, less than about 10 -8 M, less than about 10 -9 M, less than about 10 -10 M, less than about 10 -11 M, less than about 10 -12 M, or less than about 10 -13 M.
• the term “EC50” refers to the half maximal effective concentration of a monoclonal or bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention.
• EC50 refers to the concentration of a monoclonal or bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof for inducing a biological response (e.g., cell death) halfway between the baseline and maximum over a specified exposure time.
• the monoclonal antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof or the bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof has an EC 50 of less than about 1 ⁇ M, about 1000 nM to about 100 nM, about 100 nM to about 10 nM, about 10 nM to about 1 nM, about 1000 pM to about 500 pM, about 500 pM to about 200 pM, less than about 200 pM, about 200 pM to about 150 pM, about 200 pM to about 100 pM, about 100 pM to about 10 pM, or about 10 pM to about 1 pM.
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:33 and/or the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:34 and/or the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:35 and/or the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:36 and/or the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:37 and/or the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:38 and/or the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32
• the HCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:39 and/or the LCVR sequence is SEQ ID NO:32.
• the invention provides an isolated monoclonal antibody including: (a) a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO:3 and a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO:2; (b) a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO:4 and a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO:2; (c) a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO:5 and a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO:2; (d) a PATENT ATTORNEY DOCKET NO.: 148640-004502 heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO:7 and a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO:2; (e) a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO:8 and a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO:2; (f) a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO:9 and a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO:2, wherein the antibody specifically binds CCR8.
• the antibody is a humanized antibody.
• “Humanized” forms of non-human (e.g., murine) antibodies are chimeric immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin chains or fragments thereof (such as Fv, Fab, Fab', F(ab')2 or other antigen-binding subsequences of antibodies) which contain minimal sequence derived from non-human immunoglobulin.
• humanized antibodies are human immunoglobulins (recipient antibody) in which residues from a CDR of the recipient are replaced by residues from a CDR of a non-human species (donor antibody) such as mouse, rat or rabbit having the desired specificity, affinity, and capacity.
• humanized antibodies may comprise residues which are found neither in the recipient antibody nor in the imported CDR or FR sequences. These modifications are made to further refine and maximize antibody performance.
• the humanized antibody will comprise substantially all of at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the CDRs correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin and all or substantially all of the FRs are those of a human immunoglobulin sequence.
• the humanized antibody optimally also will comprise at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region (Fc), typically that of a human immunoglobulin.
• the humanized antibody includes a PRIMATIZEDTM antibody wherein the antigen-binding region of the antibody is derived from an antibody produced by immunizing macaque monkeys with the antigen of interest.
• PRIMATIZEDTM antibody wherein the antigen-binding region of the antibody is derived from an antibody produced by immunizing macaque monkeys with the antigen of interest.
• Methods for humanizing non-human antibodies are well known in the art.
• a humanized antibody has one or more amino acid residues introduced into it from a source which is non-human.
• humanized antibodies are typically human antibodies in which some CDR residues and possibly some FR residues are substituted by residues from analogous sites in rodent antibodies.
• the choice of human variable domains, both light and heavy, to be used in making the humanized antibodies is very important to reduce antigenicity. According to the so-called “best-fit” method, the sequence of the variable domain of a rodent antibody is screened against the entire library of known human variable-domain sequences. The human sequence which is closest to that of the rodent is then accepted as the human FR for the humanized antibody (Sims et al., J.
• Another method uses a particular FR derived from the consensus sequence of all human antibodies of a particular subgroup of light or heavy chains. The same FR may be used for several different humanized antibodies (Carter et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89:4285 (1992); Presta et al., J. Immunol., 151:2623 [1993]). [0062] It is further important that antibodies be humanized with retention of high affinity for the antigen and other favorable biological properties.
• humanized antibodies are prepared by a process of analysis of the parental sequences and various conceptual humanized products using three-dimensional models of the parental and humanized sequences.
• Three-dimensional immunoglobulin models are commonly available and are familiar to those skilled in the art.
• Computer programs are available which illustrate and display probable three-dimensional conformational structures of selected candidate immunoglobulin sequences. Inspection of these displays permits analysis of the likely role of the residues in the functioning of the candidate immunoglobulin sequence, i.e., the analysis of residues that influence the ability of the candidate immunoglobulin to bind its antigen.
• FR residues can be selected and combined from the recipient and import sequences so that the desired antibody characteristic, such as increased affinity for the target antigen(s), is achieved.
• transgenic animals e.g., mice
• transgenic animals e.g., mice
• JH antibody heavy-chain joining region
• 148640-004502 germ-line mutant mice results in complete inhibition of endogenous antibody production.
• Transfer of the human germ-line immunoglobulin gene array in such germ-line mutant mice will result in the production of human antibodies upon antigen challenge.
• Human antibodies can also be derived from phage-display libraries (Hoogenboom et al., J. Mol. Biol., 227:381 (1991); Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol., 222:581-597 [1991]).
• Antibodies may be humanized by replacing sequences of the Fv variable region which are not directly involved in antigen binding with equivalent sequences from human Fv variable regions.
• General reviews of humanized chimeric antibodies are provided by Morrison et al., (Science 229:1202-1207 (1985)) and by Oi et al. (BioTechniques 4:214 (1986)).
• Those methods include isolating, manipulating, and expressing the nucleic acid sequences that encode all or part of immunoglobulin Fv variable regions from at least one of a heavy or light chain. Sources of such nucleic acid are well known to those skilled in the art and, for example, may be obtained from for example, an antibody producing hybridoma.
• Humanized antibodies can alternatively be produced by CDR substitution (U.S. Pat. No.5,225,539; Jones, Nature 321:552-525 (1986); Verhoeyan et al., Science 239:1534 (1988); and Beidler, J. Immunol.141:4053-4060 (1988)).
• the antigen-binding fragment thereof is a Fab, Fab’, F (ab’) 2, F d, single chain Fv or scFv, disulfide linked F v , V-NAR domain, IgNar, intrabody, IgGACH 2 , minibody, F (ab’) 3, tetrabody, triabody, diabody, single-domain antibody, DVD-Ig, Fcab, mAb 2, (scFv) 2, or scFv-Fc.
• antibodies can be cleaved with the proteolytic enzyme papain, which causes each of the heavy chains to break, producing three separate antibody fragments.
• Antibody fragments include a portion of an intact antibody, preferably the antigen binding or variable region of the intact antibody.
• antibody fragments include Fab, Fab’ and F(ab’)2, Fc fragments or Fc-fusion products, single-chain Fvs (scFv), disulfide-linked Fvs (sdfv) and fragments including either a VL or VH domain; diabodies, tribodies and the like (Zapata et al. Protein Eng.8(10):1057-1062 [1995]).
• the term “antibody fragment” or “antigen binding portion” (of antibody) includes, but is not limited to, fragments that are capable of binding antigen.
• the two units that consist of a light chain and a fragment of the heavy chain PATENT ATTORNEY DOCKET NO.: 148640-004502 approximately equal in mass to the light chain are called the Fab fragments (i.e., the "antigen binding" fragments).
• the Fc fragment is typically not involved in antigen-antibody binding but is important in later processes involved in ridding the body of the antigen.
• the Fab fragment contains the constant domain of the light chain and the first constant domain (CH1) of the heavy chain. “Fab” refers to an antibody fragment with a molecular mass of approximately 50,000 daltons and has an activity of binding to the antigen.
• the Fab can be obtained in particular by treatment of immunoglobulin by a protease, papain.
• Fab' fragments differ from Fab fragments by the addition of a few residues at the carboxy terminus of the heavy chain CH1 domain including one or more cysteines from the antibody hinge region.
• Fab'-SH is the designation herein for Fab' in which the cysteine residue(s) of the constant domains bear a free thiol group.
• F(ab') 2 antibody fragments originally were produced as pairs of Fab' fragments which have hinge cysteines between them. Other chemical couplings of antibody fragments are also known.
• Acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers are nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and may include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives (such as octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride; hexamethonium chloride; benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride; phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propyl paraben; catechol; resorcinol; cyclohexanol; 3-pentanol; and m-cresol); low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine,
• variable domain interacts to define an antigen-binding site on the surface of the VH-VL dimer.
• PATENT ATTORNEY DOCKET NO.: 148640-004502 Collectively, the six CDRs confer antigen-binding specificity to the antibody. However, even a single variable domain (or half of an Fv comprising only three CDRs specific for an antigen) has the ability to recognize and bind antigen, although at a lower affinity than the entire binding site.
• “Single-chain Fv” or “scFv” antibody fragments comprise the VH and VL domains of antibody, wherein these domains are present in a single polypeptide chain.
• the Fv polypeptide further comprises a polypeptide linker between the VH and VL domains which enables the sFv to form the desired structure for antigen binding.
• a polypeptide linker between the VH and VL domains which enables the sFv to form the desired structure for antigen binding.
• Fragments of divalent Sc (Fv) 2 or multivalent antibodies may form spontaneously by the association of monovalent scFvs or be produced by connecting scFvs fragments by peptide binding sequences.
• the Fc fragment is the support for the biological properties of the antibody, in particular its ability to be recognized by immunity effectors or to activate the complement. It consists of constant fragments of the heavy chains beyond the hinge region.
• the term “diabodies” signifies small antibody fragments having two antigen fixing sites. These fragments comprise, in the same VH-VL polypeptide chain, a variable heavy chain domain VH connected to a variable light chain domain VL.
• the monoclonal antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof binds human CCR8 with a K d of less than about 25 nM, 20 nM, 15 nM, 10 nM, 5 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 0.5 nM or 0.01nM.
• the term “antigen-binding domain” refers to the part of an antibody molecule that comprises the area specifically binding to or complementary to a part or all of an antigen. Where an antigen is large, an antibody may only bind to a particular part of the antigen.
• the “epitope” or “antigenic determinant” is a portion of an antigen molecule that is responsible for interactions with the antigen- binding domain of an antibody.
• An antigen-binding domain may be provided by one or more antibody variable domains (e.g., a so-called Fd antibody fragment consisting of a VH domain).
• An antigen-binding domain may comprise an antibody LCVR and an antibody HCVR.
• An “antigen” according to the invention covers any substance that will elicit an immune response.
• an “antigen” relates to any substance, preferably a peptide or protein, that reacts specifically with antibodies or T-lymphocytes (T cells).
• the term “antigen” comprises any molecule which comprises at least one epitope.
• an antigen in the context of the present invention is a molecule which, optionally after processing, induces an immune reaction.
• any suitable antigen may be used, which is a candidate for an immune reaction, wherein the immune reaction is preferably a cellular immune reaction.
• the antigen is preferably presented by a cell, preferably by an antigen presenting cell which includes a diseased cell, in particular a cancer cell, in the context of MHC molecules, which results in an immune reaction against the antigen.
• An antigen is preferably a product which corresponds to or is derived from a naturally occurring antigen.
• epitope refers to an antigenic determinant in a molecule such as an antigen, i.e., to a part in or fragment of the molecule that is recognized by the immune system.
• An epitope of a protein such as a tumor antigen preferably comprises a continuous or discontinuous portion of said protein.
• epitope preferably a cell expressing or comprising and preferably presenting the antigen.
• binding-affinity generally refers to the strength of the sum total of noncovalent interactions between a single binding site of a molecule (e.g., an antibody), and its binding partner.
• binding affinity or binding activity refers to antibody binding to a predetermined antigen.
• the antibody binds with an affinity corresponding to a K D of about 10 -8 M or less and binds to the predetermined antigen with an affinity (as expressed by KD) that is at least 10-fold less, and preferably at least 100-fold less than its affinity for binding to a non-specific antigen (e.g., BSA, casein) other than the predetermined antigen or a closely related antigen.
• the antibody can bind with an affinity corresponding to a KA of about 10 6 M -1 , or about 10 7 M -1 , or about 10 8 M -1 , or 10 9 M -1 or higher, and binds to the predetermined antigen with an affinity (as expressed by K A ) that is at least 10-fold higher, and preferably at least 100-fold higher than its affinity for binding to a non-specific antigen (e.g., BSA, casein) other than the predetermined antigen or a closely-related antigen [0086]
• K A expressed by K A
• the term "k d " (sec -1 ) is intended to refer to the dissociation rate constant of a particular antibody-antigen interaction. This value is also referred to as the off value.
• the CCR8-binding antibody of the invention has a dissociation constant (K d) of ⁇ 1 ⁇ M, ⁇ 100 nM, ⁇ 10 nM, ⁇ 1 nM, ⁇ 0.1 nM, ⁇ 0.01 nM, or ⁇ 0.001 nM (e.g., 10 -8 M or less, e.g., from 10 -8 M to 10 -13 M, e.g., from 10 -9 M to 10 -13 M) for CCR8, e.g., for human CCR8.
• K d dissociation constant
• the CCR8-binding antibody has a dissociation constant (K d) of ⁇ 1 ⁇ M, ⁇ 100 nM, ⁇ 10 nM, ⁇ 1 nM, ⁇ 0.1 nM, ⁇ 0.01 nM, or ⁇ 0.001 nM (e.g., 10 -8 M or less, e.g., from 10 -8 M to 10 -13 M, e.g., from 10 -9 M to 10 -13 M) for CCR8, e.g., for human CCR8.
• K d dissociation constant
• the term "k a " (M -1 sec -1 ), as used herein, is intended to refer to the association rate constant of a particular antibody-antigen interaction.
• the anti-CCR8 antibodies can also be referred to as a WT anti- CCR8 antibody (having a HCVR having the sequence of SEQ ID NO:31 and/or a LCVR having the sequence of SEQ ID NO:32), and as mutant thereof.
• mutant antibody refers to antibodies that have mutations in the CDR3 to eliminate post-translational modification (deamidation and isomerization) of the asparaginyl residue at N104 and/or N105 in the wildtype sequence. Mutation of the 3 amino acid sequence 103-105, DNN, reduce or prevent deamidation and isomerization yielding improvements to stability and potency of the antibodies. In particular, mutation of the DNN sequence to EQQ prevents deamidation and retains binding to CCR8 equivalent to the parent antibody. This modification extends the active half life of the mutated antibody substantially over that of the parent antibody.
• ADCC is independent of the immune complement system that also lyses targets but does not require any other cell.
• ADCC requires an effector cell which classically is known to be natural killer (NK) cells that typically interact with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies.
• NK natural killer
• IgG immunoglobulin G
• macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils can also mediate ADCC, such as eosinophils killing certain parasitic worms known as helminths via IgE antibodies.
• ADCC has typically been described as the immune response to antibody-coated cells leading ultimately to the lysing of the infected or non-host cell.
• the antibody has an afucosylation level of at least 85%.
• the antibody has an afucosylation level of at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more.
• the invention provides a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof including administering to the subject an effective amount of any one of the isolated monoclonal antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein, thereby treating cancer in the subject.
• a therapeutically effective amount of CCR8 antagonist of the invention may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the individual, and the ability of the antagonist to elicit a desired response in the individual.
• a therapeutically effective amount encompasses an amount in which any toxic or detrimental effects of CCR8 antagonist are outweighed by the therapeutically beneficial effects.
• PATENT ATTORNEY DOCKET NO.: 148640-004502 [0101]
• administration of should be understood to mean providing a pharmaceutical composition in a therapeutically effective amount to the subject in need of treatment. Administration routes can be enteral, topical or parenteral.
• administration routes include but are not limited to intracutaneous, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intrathecal, intracapsular, intraorbital, intracardiac, intradermal, transdermal, transtracheal, subcuticular, intraarticulare, subcapsular, subarachnoid, intraspinal and intrasternal, oral, sublingual buccal, rectal, vaginal, nasal ocular administrations, as well infusion, inhalation, and nebulization.
• parenteral administration and “administered parenterally” as used herein means modes of administration other than enteral and topical administration.
• anti-CCR8 antibodies may be administered subcutaneously or intravenously.
• the antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof described herein can be prepared in pharmaceutical compositions comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• a “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to a non-toxic solid, semisolid, or liquid filler, diluent, encapsulating material, formulation auxiliary, or carrier conventional in the art for use with a therapeutic agent that together comprise a “pharmaceutical composition” for administration to a subject.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is non-toxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed and is compatible with other ingredients of the formulation.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is appropriate for the formulation employed.
• the carrier may be a gel capsule.
• the carrier ideally is not irritable to the skin and does not cause injection site reaction.
• the pharmaceutical compositions can be administered in a variety of unit dosage forms depending upon the method of administration. Suitable unit dosage forms, include, but are not limited to powders, tablets, pills, capsules, lozenges, suppositories, patches, nasal sprays, injectables, implantable sustained-release formulations, lipid complexes, etc.
• compositions may be formulated into preparations in solid, semi-solid, liquid, or gaseous forms; including, but not limited to, tablets, capsules, powders, granules, ointments, solutions, suppositories, enemas, injections, inhalants, and aerosols.
• compositions comprising CCR8 antagonist are provided in formulations with a wide variety of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers (see, e.g., Gennaro, Drugfacts Plus, 20th ed.
• Nonlimiting exemplary carriers include saline, buffered saline, dextrose, water, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof.
• compositions comprising CCR8 antagonist may be formulated for injection, including subcutaneous administration, by dissolving, suspending, or emulsifying them in an aqueous or nonaqueous solvent, such as vegetable or other oils, synthetic aliphatic acid glycerides, esters of higher aliphatic acids, or propylene glycol; and if desired, with conventional additives such as solubilizers, isotonic agents, suspending agents, emulsifying agents, stabilizers and preservatives.
• compositions comprising anti-CCR8 antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof, with or without one or more additional agents.
• a unit dosage is supplied in single-use prefilled syringe for injection.
• the composition contained in the unit dosage may comprise saline, sucrose, or the like; a buffer, such as phosphate, or the like; and/or be formulated within a stable and effective pH range.
• the composition may be provided as a lyophilized powder that may be reconstituted upon addition of an appropriate liquid, for example, sterile water.
• the composition comprises one or more substances that inhibit protein PATENT ATTORNEY DOCKET NO.: 148640-004502 aggregation, including, but not limited to, sucrose and arginine.
• a composition of the invention comprises heparin and/or a proteoglycan.
• anti-CCR8 antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof may be administered in an amount in the range of about 50 ⁇ g/kg body weight to about 50 mg/kg body weight per dose. In some embodiments, anti-CCR8 antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof may be administered in an amount in the range of about 100 ⁇ g/kg body weight to about 50 mg/kg body weight per dose. In some embodiments, anti-CCR8 antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof may be administered in an amount in the range of about 100 ⁇ g/kg body weight to about 20 mg/kg body weight per dose.
• anti- CCR8 antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof may be administered in an amount in the range of about 0.5 mg/kg body weight to about 20 mg/kg body weight per dose. [0112] In some embodiments, anti-CCR8 antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof may be administered in an amount in the range of about 10 mg to about 1,000 mg per dose. In some embodiments, anti-CCR8 antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof may be administered in an amount in the range of about 20 mg to about 500 mg per dose. In some embodiments, anti-CCR8 antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof may be administered in an amount in the range of about 20 mg to about 300 mg per dose.
• anti-CCR8 antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof may be administered in an amount in the range of about 20 mg to about 200 mg per dose.
• the anti-CCR8 antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof compositions may be administered as needed to subjects.
• an effective dose of anti-CCR8 antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof is administered to a subject one or more times.
• an effective dose of anti-CCR8 antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof is administered to the subject once a month, less than once a month, such as, for example, every two months, every three months, or every six months.
• an effective dose of anti-CCR8 antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof is administered more than once a month, such as, for example, every two weeks, every week, twice per week, three times per week, daily, or multiple times per day.
• An effective dose of anti-CCR8 antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof is administered to the subject at PATENT ATTORNEY DOCKET NO.: 148640-004502 least once.
• the effective dose of CCR8 antagonist may be administered multiple times, including for periods of at least a month, at least six months, or at least a year.
• anti-CCR8 antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof is administered to a subject as needed to alleviate one or more symptoms of a condition.
• cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled cell proliferation starting at one site (primary site) with the potential to invade and to spread to other sites (secondary sites, metastases) which differentiate cancer (malignant tumor) from benign tumor. Virtually all the organs can be affected, leading to more than 100 types of cancer that can affect humans. Cancers can result from many causes including genetic predisposition, viral infection, exposure to ionizing radiation, exposure environmental pollutant, tobacco and or alcohol use, obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity or any combination thereof.
• neoplasm or “tumor” including grammatical variations thereof, means new and abnormal growth of tissue, which may be benign or cancerous.
• the neoplasm is indicative of a neoplastic disease or disorder, including but not limited, to various cancers.
• cancers can include prostate, pancreatic, biliary, colon, rectal, liver, kidney, lung, testicular, breast, ovarian, pancreatic, brain, and head and neck cancers, melanoma, sarcoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, lymphoma, and the like.
• the cancer is a hematological cancer or a solid tumor.
• Cancer that begins in blood-forming tissue, such as the bone marrow, or in the cells of the immune system are referred to as hematological cancer, or blood cancer.
• lymphoma examples include AIDS-related lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, Sézary syndrome, cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma, and Waldenström macroglobulinemia.
• myeloma is a cancer of the plasma cells.
• composition of the present invention might for example be used in combination with other drugs or treatment in use to treat cancer.
• administration of the composition of the present invention to a subject can be in combination with any anti-cancer therapies.
• Such therapies can be administered prior to, simultaneously with, or following administration of the composition of the present invention.
• anti-CCR8 antibody is administered with another treatment, either simultaneously, or consecutively, to a subject, e.g., a subject having cancer.
• anti-CCR8 antibody may be administered with one of more of: radiotherapy, surgery, or chemotherapy, e.g., targeted chemotherapy or immunotherapy.
• the administration of the two agents may start at times that are, e.g., 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, or one or more weeks apart, or administration of the second agent may start, e.g., 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, or one or more weeks after the first agent has been administered.
• the hematological cancer is selected from the group consisting of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic PATENT ATTORNEY DOCKET NO.: 148640-004502 leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, AIDS-related lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, Sézary syndrome, cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) and multiple myeloma.
• ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• AML acute myeloid leukemia
• solid cancer examples include but are not limited to, carcinoma, sarcoma, squamous cell cancer, small-cell lung cancer, pituitary cancer, esophageal cancer, astrocytoma, soft tissue sarcoma, non-small cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma of the lung, squamous carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the peritoneum, hepatocellular cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, hepatoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial or uterine carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, kidney cancer, renal cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, vulval cancer, thyroid cancer, hepatic carcinoma, brain cancer, endometrial cancer, testis cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder carcinoma, gastric cancer, melanoma, and various types of head and neck cancer.
• dynemicin including dynemicin A; bisphosphonates, such as clodronate; an esperamicin; as well as neocarzinostatin chromophore and related chromoprotein enediyne antiobiotic chromophores), aclacinomysins, actinomycin, authramycin, azaserine, bleomycins, cactinomycin, carabicin, carminomycin, carzinophilin, chromomycinis, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, detorubicin, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L- norleucine, doxorubicin (including morpholino-doxorubicin, cyanomorpholino-doxorubicin, 2-pyrrolino-doxorubicin and deoxydoxorubicin), epirubicin, esorubicin, i
• an anti-angiogenesis agent is an antibody or other antagonist to an angiogenic agent, e.g., antibodies to VEGF-A (e.g., bevacizumab) or to the VEGF-A receptor (e.g., KDR receptor or Flt-1 receptor) , anti-PDGFR inhibitors such as (Imatinib Mesylate), small molecules that block VEGF receptor signaling (e.g., PTK787/ZK2284, SU6668, /SUI 1248 (sunitinib malate) , AMG706, or those described in, e.g., international patent application WO 2004/113304).
• an angiogenic agent e.g., antibodies to VEGF-A (e.g., bevacizumab) or to the VEGF-A receptor (e.g., KDR receptor or Flt-1 receptor) , anti-PDGFR inhibitors such as (Imatinib Mesylate), small molecules that block VEGF receptor signaling
• Anti-angiogensis agents also include native angiogenesis inhibitors, e.g., angiostatin, endostatin, etc. See, e.g., Klagsbrun and D′Amore (Annu. Rev. Physiol.1991, vol. 53: 217-39); Streit and Detmar (Oncogene 2003, vol.22: 3172-3179) (e.g., Table 3 listing anti- angiogenic therapy in malignant melanoma); Ferrara & Alitalo (Nature Medicine 1999, vol 5 (12): 1359-1364); Tonini et al. (Oncogene 2003, vol. 22: 6549-6556); and Sato (Int. J. Clin.
• native angiogenesis inhibitors e.g., angiostatin, endostatin, etc. See, e.g., Klagsbrun and D′Amore (Annu. Rev. Physiol.1991, vol. 53: 217-39); Streit and Detmar
• a “growth inhibitory agent” as used herein refers to a compound or composition that inhibits growth of a cell (such as a cell expressing VEGF) either in vitro or in vivo.
• the growth inhibitory agent may be one that significantly reduces the percentage of cells (such as a cell expressing VEGF) in S phase.
• growth inhibitory agents include, but are not limited to, agents that block cell cycle progression (at a place other than S phase), such as agents that induce G1 arrest and M-phase arrest.
• Classical M-phase blockers include the vincas (vincristine and vinblastine), taxanes, and topoisomerase II inhibitors such as doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin, etoposide, and bleomycin.
• Those agents that arrest G1 also spill over into S-phase arrest, for example, DNA alkylating agents such as tamoxifen, prednisone, dacarbazine, mechlorethamine, cisplatin, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and ara-C.
• anti-neoplastic composition refers to a composition useful in treating cancer comprising at least one active therapeutic agent.
• therapeutic agents include, but are not limited to, e.g., chemotherapeutic agents, growth inhibitory agents, cytotoxic agents, agents used in radiation therapy, anti-angiogenesis agents, cancer immunotherapeutic agents (also referred to as immuno-oncology agents) , apoptotic agents, anti-tubulin agents, and other- agents to treat cancer, such as anti-HER-2 antibodies, anti-CD20 antibodies, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist (e.g., a tyrosine kinase inhibitor), HER1/EGFR inhibitor (e.g., erlotinib platelet derived growth factor inhibitors (e.g., (Imatinib Mesylate) ), a COX-2 inhibitor (e.g., celecoxib), interferons, CTLA4 inhibitors (e.g., anti-CTLA antibody ipilimumab), PD-1 inhibitors (e.g., anti-PD1 antibodies, BMS-936558), PDL1 inhibitors,
• Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is a form of cancer treatment currently that uses immune checkpoints which affect immune system functioning. Immune checkpoints can be stimulatory or inhibitory. Tumors can use these checkpoints to protect themselves from immune system attacks. Checkpoint therapy can block inhibitory checkpoints, restoring immune system function.
• Checkpoint proteins include programmed cell death 1 protein (PDCD1, PD-1; also known as CD279) and its ligand, PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1, CD274), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), A2AR (Adenosine A2A receptor), B7-H3 (or CD276), B7-H4 (or VTCN1), BTLA (B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator, or CD272), IDO (Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase), KIR (Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor), LAG3 (Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3), TIM-3 (T-cell Immunoglobulin domain and Mucin domain 3), and VISTA (V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation).
• CTL-1 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
• A2AR Adenosine A2A receptor
• B7-H3 or CD276
• Programmed cell death protein 1 also known as PD-1 and CD279 (cluster of differentiation 279), is a cell surface receptor that plays an important role in down-regulating PATENT ATTORNEY DOCKET NO.: 148640-004502 the immune system and promoting self-tolerance by suppressing T cell inflammatory activity.
• PD-1 is an immune checkpoint and guards against autoimmunity through a dual mechanism of promoting apoptosis (programmed cell death) in antigen-specific T-cells in lymph nodes while simultaneously reducing apoptosis in regulatory T cells (anti-inflammatory, suppressive T cells).
• PD-1 has two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, which are members of the B7 family.
• PD- L1 protein is upregulated on macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) in response to LPS and GM-CSF treatment, and on T cells and B cells upon TCR and B cell receptor signaling, whereas in resting mice, PD-L1 mRNA can be detected in the heart, lung, thymus, spleen, and kidney.
• PD-L1 is expressed on almost all murine tumor cell lines, including PA1 myeloma, P815 mastocytoma, and B16 melanoma upon treatment with IFN- ⁇ .
• PD-L2 expression is more restricted and is expressed mainly by DCs and a few tumor lines.
• CTLA4 or CTLA-4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
• CD152 cluster of differentiation 152
• CTLA4 is a protein receptor that, functioning as an immune checkpoint, downregulates immune responses.
• CTLA4 is constitutively expressed in regulatory T cells but only upregulated in conventional T cells after activation - a phenomenon which is particularly notable in cancers.
• CTLA4 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed by activated T cells and transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells.
• CTLA4 is homologous to the T-cell co-stimulatory protein, CD28, and both molecules bind to CD80 and CD86, also called B7-1 and B7-2 respectively, on antigen-presenting cells.
• CTLA- 4 binds CD80 and CD86 with greater affinity and avidity than CD28 thus enabling it to outcompete CD28 for its ligands.
• CTLA4 transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells, whereas CD28 transmits a stimulatory signal.
• CTLA4 is also found in regulatory T cells and contributes to its inhibitory function. T cell activation through the T cell receptor and CD28 leads to increased expression of CTLA-4.
• checkpoint inhibitors There are several checkpoint inhibitors that are currently used to treat cancer.
• PD- 1 inhibitors include Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and Nivolumab (Opdivo).
• PD-L1 inhibitors include Atezolizumab (Tecentriq), Avelumab (Bavencio) and Durvalumab (Imfinzi).
• CTLA-4 inhibitors include Iplimumab (Yervoy).
• checkpoint inhibitors including an anti B7-H3 antibody (MGA271), an anti-KIR antibody (Lirilumab) and an anti-LAG3 antibody (BMS-986016).
• the invention provides a polynucleotide encoding the heavy chain or the light chain or the antigen-binding portion thereof of any one of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein.
• the invention also provides nucleic acid molecules comprising polynucleotides that encode one or more chains of an antibody described herein, such as an anti-CCR8 antibody.
• a nucleic acid molecule comprises a polynucleotide that encodes a heavy chain or a light chain of an antibody described herein.
• a nucleic acid molecule comprises both a polynucleotide that encodes a heavy chain and a polynucleotide that encodes a light chain, of an antibody described herein.
• a first nucleic acid molecule comprises a first polynucleotide that encodes a heavy chain and a second nucleic acid molecule comprises a second polynucleotide that encodes a light chain.
• the heavy chain and the light chain are expressed from one nucleic acid molecule, or from two separate nucleic acid molecules, as two separate polypeptides.
• a single polynucleotide encodes a single polypeptide comprising both a heavy chain and a light chain linked together.
• a polynucleotide encoding a heavy chain or light chain of an antibody described herein comprises a nucleotide sequence that encodes a leader sequence, which, when translated, is located at the N-terminus of the heavy chain or light chain.
• the leader sequence may be the native heavy or light chain leader sequence or may be another heterologous leader sequence.
• nucleic acid refers to polynucleotides such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA).
• Nucleic acids include but are not limited to genomic DNA, cDNA, mRNA, iRNA, miRNA, tRNA, ncRNA, rRNA, and recombinantly produced and chemically synthesized molecules such as aptamers, plasmids, anti-sense DNA strands, shRNA, ribozymes, nucleic acids conjugated and oligonucleotides.
• a nucleic acid may be present as a single-stranded or double-stranded and linear or covalently circularly closed molecule.
• a nucleic acid can be isolated.
• isolated nucleic acid means, that the nucleic acid (i) was amplified in vitro, for example via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), (ii) was produced recombinantly by cloning, (iii) was purified, for example, by cleavage and separation by gel electrophoresis, (iv) was synthesized, for example, by chemical synthesis, or (v) extracted from a sample.
• a nucleic might be employed for introduction into, i.e., transfection of, cells, in particular in the form of PATENT ATTORNEY DOCKET NO.: 148640-004502 RNA which can be prepared by in vitro transcription from a DNA template.
• the RNA can moreover be modified before application by stabilizing sequences, capping, and polyadenylation.
• the invention provides a vector including the polynucleotide described herein, wherein the vector is an expression vector selected from the group consisting of a mammalian expression vector, a yeast expression vector, an insect expression vector, and a bacterial expression vector.
• Vectors comprising polynucleotides that encode heavy chains and/or light chains of the antibodies described herein are provided.
• Such vectors include, but are not limited to, DNA vectors, phage vectors, viral vectors, retroviral vectors, etc.
• a vector comprises a first polynucleotide sequence encoding a heavy chain and a second polynucleotide sequence encoding a light chain.
• the heavy chain and light chain are expressed from the vector as two separate polypeptides.
• the heavy chain and light chain are expressed as part of a single polypeptide, such as, for example, when the antibody is an scFv.
• a first vector comprises a polynucleotide that encodes a heavy chain and a second vector comprises a polynucleotide that encodes a light chain.
• the first vector and second vector are transfected into host cells in similar amounts (such as similar molar amounts or similar mass amounts).
• a mole-or mass-ratio of between 5 ⁇ 1 and 1 ⁇ 5 of the first vector and the second vector is transfected into host cells.
• a mass ratio of between 1 ⁇ 1 and 1 ⁇ 5 for the vector encoding the heavy chain and the vector encoding the light chain is used.
• a mass ratio of 1 ⁇ 2 for the vector encoding the heavy chain and the vector encoding the light chain is used.
• a vector is selected that is optimized for expression of polypeptides in CHO or CHO-derived cells, or in NSO cells. Exemplary such vectors are described, e.g., in Running Deer et al., Biotechnol. Prog. 20: 880-889 (2004).
• a vector is chosen for in vivo expression of CCR8 antagonist in animals, including humans.
• expression of the polypeptide or polypeptides is under the control of a promoter or promoters that function in a tissue-specific manner.
• liver-specific promoters are described, e.g., in PCT Publication No. WO 2006/076288.
• PATENT ATTORNEY DOCKET NO.: 148640-004502 The term “vector”, “expression vector”, or "plasmid DNA” is used herein to refer to a recombinant nucleic acid construct that is manipulated by human intervention.
• a recombinant nucleic acid construct can contain two or more nucleotide sequences that are linked in a manner such that the product is not found in a cell in nature.
• the two or more nucleotide sequences can be operatively linked, such as a gene encoding a protein of interest, one or more protein tags, functional domains and the like.
• Vectors suitable for use in preparation of proteins and/or protein conjugates include those selected from baculovirus, phage, plasmid, phagemid, cosmid, fosmid, bacterial artificial chromosome, viral DNA, Pl-based artificial chromosome, yeast plasmid, and yeast artificial chromosome.
• the viral DNA vector can be selected from vaccinia, adenovirus, foul pox virus, pseudorabies and a derivative of SV40.
• CHO.hCCR8 cells were resuspended in 50 ⁇ L serially diluted antibody in cold MACS buffer (Miltenyi Biotec, Inc., San Jose CA) at antibody concentrations of 10, 3.3, 1.1, 0.37, 0.12, 0.04, and 0.01 nM in wells of a V-bottom 96-well plate. After 30 min incubation on ice, 150 ⁇ L cold MACS buffer was added to each well, plates were centrifuged at 500xg for 5 min at 4°C, and supernatants were discarded.
• cold MACS buffer Miltenyi Biotec, Inc., San Jose CA
• EXAMPLE 3 ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CELL CYTOTOXICITY (ADCC) ASSAY
• CHO.hCCR8 cells were seeded at a density of 1x10 4 cells/well in 100 ⁇ L Ham’s F- 12 media, 10% FBS, 0.4 mg/mL G418 in white, clear bottomed, 96 well plates. After 24 hours, media was removed and 40 ⁇ L of Assay Media (One-Step Luciferase Assay System; BPS Bioscience, San Diego CA) was added. Antibody was diluted 1:10 and then serially diluted 1:4 in Assay Media, and 10 ⁇ L of each was distributed to wells and incubated for 1 hour.
• Assay Media One-Step Luciferase Assay System

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